Compound of 3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-spirobiindane-based phosphine ligand, and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present application discloses a 3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-spirobiindane-based phosphine ligand, an intermediate, a preparation method and uses thereof. The compound of phosphine ligand is a compound having a structure represented by formula I or formula II, or an enantiomer, a raceme, or diastereomer thereof. The phosphine ligand can be prepared via a preparation scheme in which the cheap and easily available 6,6′-dihydroxyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-spirobiindane is used as a raw material and the compound represented by formula III serves as the key intermediate. The new phosphine ligand developed by the present application can be used in catalytic organic reaction, in particular as a chiral phosphine ligand that is widely used in many asymmetric catalytic reactions including asymmetric hydrogenation and asymmetric allyl alkylation, and thus it has economic practicability and industrial application prospect. ##STR00001##

Claims

1. A 3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-spirobiindane-based phosphine ligand, being a compound represented by formula I or formula II, or being an enantiomer, a raceme or a diastereomer thereof: ##STR00045## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl or perfluoroalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, and C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkoxy or perfluoroalkoxy; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl or perfluoroalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, and C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkoxy or perfluoroalkoxy; and R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl or perfluoroalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, and C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl.

2. A synthesis method of the compound represented by formula I according to claim 1, wherein a racemic or optically active compound represented by formula III, as a raw material, reacts with a di-substituted phosphine halide under an effect of an alkali to obtain the compound represented by formula I via a double-substitution reaction in accordance with the following reaction equation: ##STR00046## or wherein the compound represented by formula III and a di-substituted phosphine oxyhalide are subjected to a double-substitution reaction under an effect of an alkali to prepare a compound represented by formula 6, which is then subjected to a reduction reaction to prepare the compound represented by formula I, in accordance with the following reaction equation: ##STR00047## and wherein X is halogen, and R.sup.1-R.sup.7 are the same as those defined in claim 1.

3. A synthesis method of the compound represented by formula II according to claim 1, wherein a racemic or optically active compound represented by formula III, as a raw material, reacts with di-substituted phosphine halide under an effect of an under alkali to obtain the compound represented by the formula II via a mono-substitution reaction in accordance with the following reaction equation: ##STR00048## or wherein the compound represented by formula III and di-substituted phosphine oxyhalide are subjected to a mono-substitution reaction under an effect of an alkali to prepare a compound represented by formula 7, which is then subjected to a reduction reaction to prepare the compound represented by formula II, in accordance with the following reaction equation: ##STR00049## and wherein X is halogen, and R.sup.1-R.sup.7 are the same as those defined in claim 1.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is an X-ray crystal diffraction pattern of compound RL-MSPINOL in Example 1;

(2) FIG. 2 is an X-ray crystal diffraction pattern of compound SL-HMSPINOL in Example 2;

(3) FIG. 3 is an X-ray crystal diffraction pattern of compound RL-HMSPINOL in Example 2; and

(4) FIG. 4 is an X-ray crystal diffraction pattern of compound (R)-III-f in Example 4.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(5) The following examples are provided to facilitating the understanding of the present application, but are not intended to limit to the present application.

(6) General reaction conditions are described as below: when using air-sensitive reagents, all reactions and controls are performed in a nitrogen-filled glove box or using standard Schlenk technology. The reaction solvents are dried by a general standard process.

Example 1

Synthesis of 3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-spirobiindane-6,6′-diol (MSPINOL)

(7) ##STR00019##

(8) 100 g of bisphenol A and 500 mL of methanesulfonic acid were added to a reaction flask, stirred and dissolved to obtain a dark red solution. After reaction under stirring at room temperature for 96 hours, the reaction solution was poured into 600 mL of water, cooled and then filtered with suction, and the obtained solid was washed with water. The solid was dissolved with ethanol under reflux, added with 50° C. warm water until no more solid precipitated, and filtered while being warm, and the filter cake was washed with warm water. After drying, 45 g of white flocculent solid, i.e., 3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-spirobiindane-6,6′-diol (MSPINOL), was obtained, with a yield greater than 99%.

(9) Resolution process of raceme MSPINOL:

(10) ##STR00020##

(11) 23 g of raceme MSPINOL, 26 ml of triethylamine and 0.22 g of 4-(N, N-dimethylamino) pyridine (DMAP) were dissolved in 200 ml of dichloromethane, cooled in an ice bath and added with 32.6 g of L-menthol chloroformate within 30 minutes. Then, the reaction carried out under stirring at room temperature for 6 hours. TLC confirmed that the reaction was sufficient. Next, the reaction solution was washed with dilute hydrochloric acid and brine successively, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated and dried to obtain a pair of diastereomer intermediates (RSL-MSPINOL), which was then recrystallized with n-hexane twice to obtain a single diastereomer (RL-MSPINOL) with a yield of 60%; and a retention time of the compound was 23.5 min (HPLC: C18 column, mobile phase, methanol:water=98:2, flow rate 0.8 mL/min, 254 nm). The crystal mother liquor was recrystallized three times with n-hexane to obtain another diastereomer (SL-MSPINOL) with a yield of 30%, and the retention time of this compound was 25 min (HPLC: C18 column, mobile phase methanol:water=98:2, flow rate 0.8 mL/min, 254 nm). In addition, D-menthol chloroformate may be used instead of L-menthol chloroformate in the above process, and the another diastereomer (SL-MSPINOL) may be obtained with a yield of 55%.

(12) 1.5 g of compound RL-HMSPINOL was dissolved in 10 ml of methanol, added with 0.66 g of potassium hydroxide, refluxed for 1 hour, concentrated, then added with 20 ml of dichloromethane, and washed successively with dilute hydrochloric acid and saturated brine, the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and suction filtered, the filtrate was concentrated and then subjected to flash column chromatography to obtain (R)-MSPINOL with a yield equal to or greater than 98%. Similarly, SL-MSPINOL was quantitatively obtained in the form of (S)-MSPINOL by hydrolysis in the same process as above.

(13) Single crystal data of compound RL-MSPINOL are as follows (FIG. 1):

(14) Cell: a=9.6816(3) b=10.6124(4) c=39.6866(13)

(15) alpha=90 beta=90 gamma=90; Temperature: 293 K

(16) Volume 4077.6(2); Space group P 21 21 21; Hall group P 2ac 2ab

Example 2

Synthesis of 3,3,5,3′,3′,5′-hexamethyl-1,1′-spirobiindane-6,6′-diol (HMSPINOL)

(17) ##STR00021##

(18) 50 g of bisphenol C and 250 mL of methanesulfonic acid were added to a 500 mL round-bottom flask. After reaction while stirring at room temperature for 3 days, 100 mL of methanesulfonic acid was additionally added, and the reaction continued for 1 day to stop the reaction. The reaction solution was poured into a beaker containing 300 mL of crushed ice, and filtered with suction, and the filter cake was washed successively with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and water. After washing, the obtained crude product was transferred to a 500 mL single-necked flask, an appropriate amount of ethanol was added to just dissolve the product at reflux temperature, water was added until a solid was apparently precipitated, the mixture was fully stirred and cooled to precipitate a large amount of solids, then suction filtered and washed, and the filter cake was dried to obtain 20 g white powdery solid, 3,3,5,3′,3′,5′-hexamethyl-1,1′-spirobiindane-6,6′-diol (HMSPINOL), with a yield of 92%, mp: 250-251° C. (.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): δ=6.92 (s, 2H), 5.85 (s, 2H), 3.95 (s, 2H), 2.30 (d, J=13.0 Hz, 2H), 2.21 (s, 6H), 2.17 (d, J=13.0 Hz, 2H), 1.39 (s, 6H), 1.30 (s, 6H); .sup.13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): δ=153.18, 150.05, 144.54, 123.55, 122.95, 110.50, 59.40, 57.00, 43.12, 31.88, 30.15, 15.97; HRMS (EI-TOF): calcd for C.sub.23H.sub.28O.sub.2 336.2089, found 336.2085.

(19) A resolution process of raceme HMSPINOL:

(20) ##STR00022##

(21) 5 g of raceme HMSPINOL, 9.6 mL of triethylamine and 0.18 g of 4-(N, N-dimethylamino) pyridine (DMAP) were dissolved in 50 mL of dichloromethane, and 7.3 mL of L-menthol chloroformate was added within 30 minutes. Then, the reaction carried out under stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. TLC confirmed that the reaction was sufficient. Next, the reaction solution was washed with dilute hydrochloric acid and brine successively, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness to obtain a pair of diastereomer intermediates (RSL-HMSPINOL), which was then recrystallized with n-hexane. 10 mL of n-hexane was added to the residue of the concentrated solution, dissolved by stirring, then cooled to −20° C. and kept at −20° C. for 12 hours to precipitate a solid, and suction filtered (the filtrate was the crystallization mother liquor, which was collected separately for use), and the obtained solid was washed with cold n-hexane. The above recrystallization process was repeated twice, so that a single diastereomer (SL-HMSPINOL) with a yield of 50% could be obtained; the retention time of the compound was 28.02 min (HPLC: C18 column, 100% MeOH mobile phase, flow rate 1.0 mL/min, 254 nm). The above-mentioned separately collected crystallization mother liquor was concentrated to dryness and then added with 13 mL of n-hexane, cooled to −4° C. and crystallized under heat preservation for 48 hours to precipitate a solid, suction filtered and washed with cold n-hexane to obtain another single diastereomer (RL-HMSPINOL) with a yield of 35%; and the retention time of this compound was 24.67 min (HPLC: C18 column, 100% MeOH mobile phase, flow rate 1.0 mL/min, 254 nm).

(22) 1.5 g of compound SL-HMSPINOL was dissolved in 20 mL of ethanol, added with 0.66 g of potassium hydroxide, refluxed for 2 hours, concentrated, then added with 20 mL of dichloromethane, and washed successively with dilute hydrochloric acid and saturated brine. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and suction filtered, the filtrate was concentrated and then subjected to flash column chromatography to obtain (S)-HMSPINOL with a yield of 98% or greater. Similarly, RL-HMSPINOL was quantitatively obtained in the form of (R)-HMSPINOL by hydrolysis in the same process as above.

Synthesis of (R)-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-7,7′-dibromo-1,1′-spirobiindane ((R)-III-a)

(23) ##STR00023##

(24) 15.4 g of compound (R)-MSPINOL (molecular weight: 308, 0.05 mol), 15 mL of tert-butanol (0.156 mol), and 180 mL of dichloromethane were added in a reaction flask. After stirring evenly (suspension), 27 mL of methanesulfonic acid (0.41 mol) was added dropwise under ice-water bath cooling, and the turbidity gradually disappeared; after the dropwise addition finished, the reaction liquid became turbid again when the ice-water bath was removed, and the stirring reaction carried out for another 2 hours, and then was quenched by adding 100 mL of ice water. The reaction solution was distilled to remove dichloromethane under reduced pressure, and then at least 200 mL of ethyl acetate was added under stirring to dissolve all precipitated solids; a liquid separation was performed, the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic phases were combined; the organic phase was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then was subjected to suction filtering; the filtrate was concentrated to dryness to obtain a white-like solid, which was then purified by rapid ethanol-water recrystallization. The solid was dissolved with an appropriate amount of ethanol at 80° C., until it was just completely dissolved under the reflux state of ethanol, then added with warm water slowly under stirring to precipitate the solid until no more solid precipitated, suction filtered while being still warm, and fully washed with warm water. The filter cake was dried to obtain 20.2 g of white solid compound (R)-BMSPINOL, with a yield of 96%. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) δ 7.05 (s, 2H), 5.41 (s, 2H), 3.05 (s, 2H), 2.28 (d, J=13.0 Hz, 2H), 2.10 (d, J=13.0 Hz, 2H), 1.42 (s, 6H), 1.35 (s, 18H), 1.28 (s, 6H).

Example 4

Synthesis of (R)-3,3,5,3′,3′,5′-hexamethyl-7,7′-dibromo-1,1′-spirobiindane ((R)-III-b)

(25) ##STR00024##

(26) In a 500 mL three-necked flask, 18 g (R)-HMSPINOL and 200 mL of dichloromethane were added, and 19.8 g of N-bromosuccinimide was added in batches under electromagnetic stirring. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour at room temperature, and TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1) confirmed that the reaction is finished. A saturated sodium bisulfite solution was added while stirring for 1 hour. The liquid was separated, the aqueous phase was washed with 100 mL of dichloromethane, and the organic phase was combined and washed with saturated brine. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and suction filtered. The filtrate was freed from the solvent to obtain 26.4 g of light-yellow solid powder (R)-III-f, with a yield of 99.8%, mp: 228° C. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) δ=6.88 (s, 2H), 5.57 (s, 2H), 2.47 (d, J=13.1 Hz, 2H), 2.31 (s, 6H), 2.25 (d, J=13.0 Hz, 2H), 1.39 (s, 6H), 1.33 (s, 6H). .sup.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) δ=149.25, 145.61, 142.67, 124.51, 123.60, 107.15, 60.85, 55.57, 43.06, 32.58, 29.28, 17.11; HRMS (EI-TOF): calcd for C.sub.23H.sub.26Br.sub.2O.sub.2 492.0300, found 492.0302;

(27) Single crystal data are as follows (the structure is shown in FIG. 4):

(28) Cell: a=7.5979(5) b=14.0001(10) c=19.6290(12)

(29) alpha=90 beta=90 gamma=90; Temperature: 171 K

(30) Space group P 21 21 21; Hall group P 2ac 2ab

(31) ##STR00025##

(32) In a three-necked flask, (R)-III-f (9 g, 18.2 mmol) was added under nitrogen protection, dichloromethane (150 mL) and pyridine (7.7 mL) were then added in sequence, and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (7.7 mL) was added slowly under an ice bath. The reaction was conducted while stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, and monitored by TLC until the reaction was completed. The reaction solution was washed successively with dilute hydrochloric acid, saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and saturated sodium chloride solution. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and suction filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to dryness, and subjected to flash silica gel column chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=10:1), to obtain a white solid powder (R)-III-f′ (13.2 g, yield: 96%), mp: 206° C. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): δ=7.02 (s, 2H), 2.55 (d, J=13.2 Hz, 2H), 2.45 (s, 6H), 2.30 (d, J=13.2 Hz, 2H), 1.42 (s, 6H), 1.36 (s, 6H); .sup.19F NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): δ=−72.18 (s); .sup.13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): δ=153.74, 145.12, 144.55, 132.61, 124.80, 123.33, 120.14, 116.95, 113.77, 113.37, 61.28, 54.92, 43.43, 32.37, 28.81, 18.16; HRMS (EI-TOF): calcd for C.sub.25H.sub.24F.sub.2Br.sub.2O.sub.2S.sub.2 755.9285, found 755.9285;

(33) ##STR00026##

(34) In a three-necked flask, (R)-III-f (12.9 g), bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium chloride (515 mg), and 1,3-bis (diphenylphosphine propane) (361 mg), under nitrogen protection, were added sequentially with N, N-dimethylfonnamide (150 mL, DMF) and tripropylamine (38.5 mL), and formic acid (5.1 mL) was added slowly at 0° C. The reaction was conducted under stirring in an oil bath at 80° C. for 1 hour. After the reaction was completed, the solution was cooled to room temperature, and the reaction was quenched with water. Ethyl acetate was added to perform liquid separation extraction. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate again. The organic phase was combined, then washed with 30% hydrogen peroxide solution for 5 minutes, then washed successively with 4 mol/L HCl solution, saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and subjected to suction filtering. The filtrate was concentrated to dryness, and then subjected to silica gel column flash column chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=50:1) to obtain white powdery solid (R)-III-b, with a yield of 95%, mp: 202° C. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): δ=7.18 (s, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 6.97 (s, 2H), 2.57 (d, J=13.1 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s, 6H), 2.28 (d, J=13.1 Hz, 2H), 1.43 (s, 6H), 1.38 (s, J=8.2 Hz, 6H); .sup.13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): δ=154.92, 142.48, 138.92, 131.88, 122.32, 119.14, 59.79, 55.36, 43.42, 32.56, 28.94, 20.98.

Example 5

Synthesis of 3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-5,5′-di-tert-butyl-7,7′-diiodo-1,1′-spirobiindane-6,6′-diol (III-bg)

(35) ##STR00027##

(36) In a reaction flask, 1.5 g of HMSPINOL, 0.15 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid, and 45 mL of dichloromethane were added, and 2.1 g of N-iodosuccinimide was added slowly under magnetic stirring. The mixture reacted under stirring at room temperature for 6 hours, and TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1) confirmed the end of the reaction. Excessive saturated sodium disulfite solution was added, and the stirring was continued for 1 hour. The liquid was separated, and the aqueous phase was washed with 20 mL of dichloromethane. The organic phase was combined, washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and suction filtered. The filtrate was freed from the solvent to obtain 2.24 g of solid powder III-bg. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) δ 7.01 (s, 2H), 5.68 (s, 2H), 2.45 (d, J=13.1 Hz, 2H), 2.25 (d, J=13.1 Hz, 2H), 1.42 (s, 6H), 1.41 (s, 18H), 1.33 (s, 6H).

Example 6

Synthesis of 3,3,5,3′,3′,5′-hexamethyl-7,7′-diiodo-1,1′-spirobiindane-6,6′-diol (III-h)

(37) ##STR00028##

(38) In a reaction flask, 1.5 g of HMSPINOL, 0.195 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid, 45 mL of dichloromethane were added, and 2.254 g of N-iodosuccinimide was added slowly under magnetic stirring. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours until TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1) confirmed the end of the reaction. Excessive saturated sodium bisulfite solution was added, the stirring was continued for 1 hour, and the liquid was separated. The aqueous phase was washed with 20 mL of dichloromethane. The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and subjected to suction filtering. The filtrate was freed from the solvent to obtain 2.44 g of yellow solid powder III-h, with a yield of 93%.

Example 7

Synthesis of (R)-3,3, 3′,3′-tetramethyl-6,6′-dimethoxy-7,7′-dibromo-1,1′-spirobiindane (III-h)

(39) ##STR00029##

(40) In a reaction flask, 3 g of MSPINOL and 3.56 g of potassium carbonate were added, 30 mL of acetone was added, and 1.6 mL of methyl iodide was injected. The reaction solution was warmed up to 35° C., and reacted under stirring for 12 hours until TLC monitored that the raw materials disappeared and completely became a product. 60 mL of concentrated ammonia was added while stirring for 2 hours. After being cooled to room temperature, the solution was suction filtered, washed with warm water 3 times, and dried to obtain 3.04 g of white powder III-j, with a yield of 96%. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) δ 7.08 (dd, J=8.2, 4.4 Hz, 2H), 6.82 (dd, J=8.2, 4.4 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (6H), 2.61 (d, J=13.0 Hz, 2H), 2.27 (d, J=13.0 Hz, 2H), 1.42 (s, 6H), 1.35 (s, 6H).

Example 8

Synthesis of (R)-3,3,5,3′,3′,5′-hexamethyl-6,6′-diphenyl-7,7′-dibromo-1,1′-spirobiindane ((R)-III-ff)

(41) ##STR00030##

(42) Under nitrogen protection, (R)-III-f (0.22 g), phenylboronic acid 0.3 g, potassium bromide 0.1 g, and tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (50 mg) were added in a reaction flask, and then 2 mL of glycol dimethyl ether (DME), 1 mL of water and 0.45 g of potassium phosphate tribasic trihydrate were added. The solution reacted under stirring at 90° C. for 24 hours. After the reaction was completed, the reaction was quenched with water, extracted with ethyl acetate, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and suction filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to dryness and purified with the silica gel column flash column chromatography to obtain a powdery solid (R)-III-ff, with a yield of 55%.

Example 9

Synthesis of (R)-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-7,7′-diiodo-1,1′-spirobiindane ((R)-III-aa)

(43) ##STR00031##

(44) Under nitrogen atmosphere, (R)-III-a (1 g) and 10 mL of anhydrous degassed tetrahydrofuran were added in a flask and cooled to −78° C., and an n-hexane solution of tert-butyllithium (8 mL, 2 mol/L) was added dropwise. The mixture reacted under stirring for 1 hour, then iodine (10 mmol) was added, then the reaction solution was naturally warmed up to room temperature to react overnight, and water was added to quench the reaction. The solution was extracted with ethyl acetate, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and suction filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to dryness and purified with the silica gel column flash column chromatography to obtain (R)-III-aa, with a yield of 80%. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) δ 7.63 (dd, J=7.7, 0.9 Hz, 2H), 7.19 (dd, J=7.5, 0.9 Hz, 2H), 6.94 (dd, J=14.4, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.49 (d, J=13.1 Hz, 2H), 2.27 (d, J=13.0 Hz, 2H), 1.47 (s, 6H), 1.36 (s, 6H).

Example 10

Synthesis of (R)-3,3,5,3′,3′,5′-hexamethyl-7,7′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-spirobiindane ((R)-I-b)

(45) ##STR00032##

(46) Under nitrogen atmosphere, (R)-III-b (1 g, 1.08 mmol) and 15 mL of degassed anhydrous tetrahydrofuran were added in a reaction flask, the temperature was reduced to −78° C., and an n-hexane solution of tert-butyllithium (6 mL, 1.6M) was added. After three hours of reaction, diphenylphosphine chloride (6 mmol) was added. After 30 minutes, the temperature was naturally raised to room temperature, and the reaction continued for 6 hours. After the reaction was completed, the reaction was quenched by adding an appropriate amount of dilute hydrochloric acid. The obtained solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and suction filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified with silica gel flash column chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=50:1) to obtain a solid (R)-I-b with a yield of 60%, which is the ligand named (R)-HMSDP); melting point: 269-270° C., [α].sub.D.sup.20=96.3° (c 0.12, CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2); .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): δ=7.23-7.21 (m, 6H), 7.16 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.05-6.98 (m, 10H), 6.85-6.79 (m, 6H), 2.33 (d, J=13.4 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (s, 6H), 2.14 (d, J=13.4 Hz, 2H), 1.25 (s, 6H), 1.15 (s, 6H); .sup.31P NMR (162 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): δ=−20.81 (s); HRMS (EI-TOF): calcd for C.sub.47H.sub.46P.sub.2 672.3075, found 672.3079.

(47) ##STR00033##

(48) Under nitrogen atmosphere, (R)-III-b (1 g, 1.08 mmol) and 15 mL of degassed anhydrous tetrahydrofuran were added in a flask, the temperature was reduced to −78° C., and an n-hexane solution of tert-butyllithium (4 mL, 1.6M) was added. After three hours of reaction, diphenylphosphinyl chloride (6 mmol) was added. After 30 minutes, the temperature was naturally raised to room temperature, and the reaction continued for 16 hours. After the reaction was completed, the reaction was quenched by adding an appropriate amount of dilute hydrochloric acid. The obtained solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and suction filtered. The filtrate was concentrated, and purified with the silica gel flash column chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to obtain a white solid hexamethylbis(diphenylphosphinyl) spirobiindane with a yield of 72%. NMR characterization data: .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): δ=7.57-7.48 (m, 4H), 7.43 (td, J=7.3, 1.3 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (ddd, J=8.3, 5.1, 2.1 Hz, 4H), 7.27 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 6H), 7.12 (s, 2H), 7.07 (td, J=7.9, 2.7 Hz, 4H), 6.81 (d, J=14.1 Hz, 2H), 2.43 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 2H), 2.24 (s, 6H), 2.16 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 2H), 1.37 (s, 6H), 1.27 (s, 6H); .sup.31P NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): δ=31.22 (s); HRMS (EI-TOF): calcd for C.sub.47H.sub.46O.sub.2P.sub.2 704.2973, found 704.2977;

(49) Under nitrogen atmosphere, 1 g of hexamethylbis(diphenylphosphinyl) spirobiindane, 12 mL of glycol dimethyl ether, and 0.1 mL of methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate were added in a reaction flask. After stirring at room temperature for 3 hours, the mixture was cooled to 0° C., and 6.6 mL of tetrahydrofuran solution of lithium aluminium hydride (2.5 mol/L) was added to react at 0° C. for about 3 hours, and TLC confirmed that the reaction was finished. The reaction was quenched with dilute hydrochloric acid. The obtained solution was extracted with ether, and washed sequentially with saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution and saturated NaCl. Then the organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and suction filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified with the column chromatography (EA:PE=1:100) to obtain a solid (R)-I-b, with a yield of 90%.

Example 11

Synthesis of (R)-3,3,5,3′,3′,5′-hexamethyl-7-(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-spirobiindane ((R)-II-b)

(50) ##STR00034##

(51) Under nitrogen atmosphere, (R)-III-b (1 g) and 15 mL of degassed anhydrous tetrahydrofuran were added in a reaction flask, the temperature was reduced to −78° C., and an n-hexane solution of tert-butyllithium (6 mL, 1.6M) was added. After three hours of reaction, diphenyl phosphine chloride (1.2 mmol) was added. After 30 minutes, the temperature was naturally raised to room temperature, and the reaction continued for 6 hours. After the reaction was completed, the reaction was quenched by adding an appropriate amount of dilute hydrochloric acid. The obtained solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and suction filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified with silica gel flash column chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=50:1) to obtain a solid (R)-II-b, with a yield of 66%, melting point: 197-198° C.; [α].sub.D.sup.20=5.8° (c 0.06, CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2). .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): δ=7.20 (4H), 7.18-7.12 (m, 2H), 7.02 (3H), 6.93-6.87 (m, 3H), 6.78-6.73 (m, 1H), 6.25 (2H), 3.02-2.91 (m, 1H), 2.36 (1H), 2.24 (s, 6H), 2.22 (1H) 2.12 (1H), 1.50 (s, 3H), 1.38 (s, 3H), 1.35 (s, 3H), 1.32 (s, 3H). .sup.31P NMR (162 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): δ=−22.47 (s). .sup.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): δ=152.28, 152.20, 151.08, 150.84, 150.76 (d, J=2.9 Hz), 148.07 (d, J=4.1 Hz), 138.64 (d, J=14.7 Hz), 135.69 (t, J=6.7 Hz), 135.04 (d, J=2.8 Hz), 134.79, 132.75, 132.54, 131.98, 131.79, 131.57, 131.36, 130.86 (d, J=9.1 Hz), 126.97, 126.91 (d, J=1.7 Hz), 126.53-126.32 (m), 126.13, 122.73 (d, J=4.2 Hz), 121.02, 59.69, 57.24 (d, J=6.9 Hz), 57.07 (d, J=2.7 Hz), 42.56, 41.89, 31.86 (d, J=2.7 Hz), 31.18, 29.16, 27.35 (d, J=2.6 Hz), 20.30 (d, J=11.9 Hz). HRMS (EI-TOF): calcd for C.sub.35H.sub.37P 488.2633, found 488.2639.

Example 12

Synthesis of (R)-3,3,5,3′,3′,5′-hexamethyl-7,7′-bis(bis(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)phosphino)-1,1′-spirobiindane ((R)-I-bg)

(52) ##STR00035##

(53) Under nitrogen atmosphere, in a reaction flask, (R)-III-b (1 g, 1.08 mmol) was added and 15 mL of degassed anhydrous tetrahydrofuran was added. The temperature was reduced to −78° C., and an n-hexane solution of tert-butyllithium (6 mL, 1.6M) was added. After three hours of reaction, bis(4-trifluoromethylphenyl) phosphine chloride (6 mmol) was added. After 30 minutes, the temperature was naturally raised to room temperature, and the reaction continued for 6 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction was quenched by adding an appropriate amount of dilute hydrochloric acid. The obtained solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and suction filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified with the silica gel flash column chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=50:1) to obtain a solid (R)-I-bg, with a yield of 55%; [α].sub.D.sup.20=120.4° (c 0.07, CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2). .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): δ=7.47 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 4H), 7.22 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 4H), 7.06 (s, 2H), 7.04-6.96 (m, 4H), 6.81 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 6H), 2.34 (m, 8H), 2.32 (s, 2H), 1.29 (s, 6H), 1.23 (s, 6H). .sup.31P NMR (162 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): δ=−21.54.

Example 13

Synthesis of (R)-3,3,5,3′,3′,5′-hexamethyl-7,7′-bis(bis(3,5-di(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)phosphino)-1,1′-spirobiindane ((R)-I-bbg)

(54) ##STR00036##

(55) Under nitrogen atmosphere, (R)-III-b (1 g, 1.08 mmol) and 15 mL of degassed anhydrous tetrahydrofuran were added in a reaction flask, and the temperature was reduced to −78° C., and an n-hexane solution of tert-butyllithium (4 mL, 1.6M) was added. After three hours of reaction, bis(3,5-di(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) phosphine chloride (6 mmol) was added. After 30 minutes, the temperature was naturally raised to room temperature, and the reaction continued for 6 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction was quenched by adding an appropriate amount of dilute hydrochloric acid. The obtained solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and suction filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified with the silica gel flash column chromatography (eluent: Petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=40:1) to obtain a solid (R)-I-bbg with a yield of 65%.

Example 14

(56) According to the same reaction process as in Example 13, bis(3,5-di(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)phosphine chloride was replaced with bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)phosphine chloride, (R)-3,3,5,3′,3′,5′-hexamethyl-7,7′-bis(bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)phosphino)-1,1′-spirobiindane ((R)-I-bbb) was obtained with a yield of 73%; melting point: 121-122° C., [α].sub.D.sup.20=17.9° (c 0.11, CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2).

Example 15

(57) According to the same reaction process as in Example 13, bis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)phosphine chloride was replaced with (4-methoxyphenyl)phosphine chloride, (R)-3,3,5,3′,3′,5′-hexamethyl-7,7′-bis(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)phosphino)-1,1′-spirobiindane ((R)-1-bbo) was obtained with a yield of 75%.

Example 16

Synthesis of (R)-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-7,7′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-spirobiindane ((R)-I-a)

(58) ##STR00037##

(59) Under nitrogen atmosphere, (R)-III-a (1 g) and 15 mL of degassed anhydrous tetrahydrofuran were added in a reaction flask. The temperature was reduced to −78° C., and an n-hexane solution of tert-butyllithium (5 mL, 1.6 M) was added. After three hours of reaction, diphenylphosphine chloride (6 mmol) was added. After 30 minutes, the temperature was naturally raised to room temperature, and the reaction continued for 6 hours. After the reaction was completed, dilute hydrochloric acid was added to quench the reaction. The obtained solution was extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and suction filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified with the silica gel flash column chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=50:1) to obtain a solid (R)-I-a with a yield of 72%, which is ligand named (R)-MSDP). .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) δ 7.27 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.23-7.15 (m, 10H), 7.09-7.01 (m, 6H), 7.00-6.94 (m, 4H), 6.79 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 4H), 2.36 (d, J=13.2 Hz, 2H), 2.19 (d, J=13.2 Hz, 2H), 1.27 (s, 6H), 1.17 (s, 6H). HRMS (EI-TOF) for C.sub.45H.sub.42P.sub.2: 644.2764.

Example 20

Synthesis of complex RuCl.SUB.2.-[(R)-HMSDP] [(R,R)-DPEN]

(60) ##STR00038##

(61) In a glove box having nitrogen atmosphere, methyl spirophosphine ligand (R)-HMSDP (0.165 mmol, i.e., compound (R)-I-b) and Ru(C.sub.6H.sub.6)Cl.sub.2 (0.08 mmol, 40 mg) were weighed and added to a Schlenk reaction tube. 3 mL of dry and degassed N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was then injected under nitrogen atmosphere, heated to 100° C. under stirring for 2 hours, then cooled to room temperature, and added with (R, R)-1, 2-diphenylethylenediamine ((R, R)-DPEN, 0.165 mmol, 35 mg). The reaction continued under stirring at room temperature for 16 hours. The solvent was removed under vacuum, and after drying, a quantitative solid product RuCl.sub.2-[(R)-HMSDP] [(R, R)-DPEN] was obtained.

Example 21

(62) ##STR00039##

(63) Under nitrogen atmosphere, 0.4 g of p-tolylboronic acid, 0.2 g of cyclohexenone, 23 mg of palladium acetate, 0.6 g of cesium carbonate, and 83 mg of methyl spiro phosphine ligand (±)-1-b (raceme) were added in a reaction flask, and then 8 ml of toluene and 30 μl of chloroform were injected. The mixture reacted under stirring at 80° C. for 48 hours. The reaction solution was washed with saturated brine. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and then purified with the column chromatography to obtain 330 mg of product 3-(p-tolyl)-cyclohexanone, with a yield of 85%. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) δ=7.20-7.03 (m, 4H), 2.98 (m, 1H), 2.57 (m, 1H), 2.52 (m, 1H), 2.49-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.42-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.18-2.10 (m, 1H), 2.06 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.70 (m, 2H).

Example 22

(64) ##STR00040##

(65) Under nitrogen atmosphere, 4.8 mg of chiral methyl spiro phosphine ligand (S)-HMSDP and 1 mg of metal [Pd(C.sub.3H.sub.5)Cl].sub.2) were weighed and added into a Schlenk reaction tube, and 1 mL of toluene was added. The mixture was stirred for 2 hours at room temperature, then cooled to −25° C., and added with 32 mg of 1,3-bis (o-chlorophenyl)-2-allyl acetate. Then, a mixture of dibenzyl malonate (45 μl), Et.sub.2Zn (300 μl, IM in hexane) and 1 mL of toluene solution, which were previously mixed and stirred for 30 minutes, was added, and the obtained solution was incubated at −25° C. for 2 hours. Then, the reaction was quenched by adding a saturated ammonium chloride solution, and the obtained solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with a saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate to remove the solvent, and then purified with the silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:petroleum ether=1:20)) to obtain a chiral allylated target product, with a yield of 90%, ee=88%; HPLC conditions: Chiralcel IA, .sup.iPrOH:Hexane=85:15, flow rate 1.0 mL/min, room temperature, 254 nm, t.sub.1: 9.66 min (minor product), t.sub.2: 11.88 min (main product). .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) δ=7.39-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.27-7.20 (m, 10H), 7.20-7.08 (m, 7H), 6.84 (d, J=15.8 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (m, 1H), 5.13 (d, J=1.0 Hz, 2H), 4.98 (q, J=12.3 Hz, 2H), 4.89 (t, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.24 (d, J=10.5 Hz, 1H).

Example 23

(66) ##STR00041## ##STR00042##

(67) Under nitrogen atmosphere, bis(acetonitrile)dichloropalladium(II) (26 mg, 0.1 mmol) and (R)-MSDP (0.1 mmol) were weighed and mixed in 2 mL of toluene. The mixture reacted under stirring for 2 hours, and was evaporated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent and to be dried. 6 mL of dichloromethane was added, then 3 mL of acetonitrile containing silver trifluoromethanesulfonate (51 mg, 0.2 mmol) was added. The reaction continued under stirring for 5 minutes. The obtained solution was filtered with suction. The filter cake was washed with dichloromethane, the filtrate was concentrated and dried under high vacuum to obtain [(R)-MSDP]Pd(OTf).sub.2 in a quantitative yield. Under nitrogen atmosphere, 0.01 mmol of catalyst [(R)-MSDP]Pd(OTf).sub.2, 0.5 mmol of freshly distilled aniline and 0.75 mmol of 2-naphthyl ethylene were added in a reaction flask, 1 mL of anhydrous, degassed toluene was injected, and then the reaction was conducted under stirring at 75° C. for 40 hours to end the reaction. Purification was performed with the silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:petroleum ether=1:35) to obtain a target product of asymmetric hydroamination reaction, with a yield of 61%, 41% ee. HPLC conditions: Chiralpak OD-H, n-hexane/EtOH=98/2, flow rate: 0.8 mL/min, room temperature, 254 nm, t.sub.1: 20.8 min (main product), t.sub.2: 22.8 min (minor product). .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) δ 7.79 (dd, J=10.9, 5.5 Hz, 4H), 7.53-7.39 (m, 3H), 7.12-7.03 (m, 2H), 6.63 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.59-6.51 (m, 2H), 4.63 (q, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (s, 1H), 1.58 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 3H).

(68) As a comparison, according to the above process, (R)-MSDP was replaced with (R)-SDP, the obtained target product of asymmetric hydroamination reaction had a yield of 10%, 0% ee. That is, the product was raceme.

Example 24

(69) ##STR00043##

(70) Under nitrogen atmosphere, 0.05 mmol copper trifluoromethanesulfonate and 0.06 mmol (±)-TMSDP were added in a reaction flask, and 1 mL of 1, 2-dichloroethane was injected. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then 0.5 mmol of 2-(1-styryl) benzoic acid and 1 mmol morpholine benzoate were added to reflux for 1 hour. The reaction solution was added with dichloroethane, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, and washed with saturated brine. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, then concentrated, and purified by the silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:petroleum ether=1:2) to obtain a target product of a cyclization reaction, with a yield of 81%. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz): δ 7.91 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.66-7.49 (m, 5H), 7.41-7.29 (m, 3H), 3.48-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.29 (m, 2H), 3.21 (d, J=14.2 Hz, 1H), 3.14 (d, J=14.2 Hz, 1H), 2.60-2.50 (m, 2H), 2.27-2.17 (m, 2H).

Example 25

(71) Under nitrogen atmosphere, (R)-III-b (1 mmol) and 5 mL of ethanol were added in a reaction flask to be dissolved under stirring and refluxing. The solution was then added slowly to 3 mL of ethanol solution in which HAuCl.sub.4.4H.sub.2O (206 mg, 0.5 mmol) was dissolved, and then reacted under stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, followed by performing suction filtration. The filter cake was dissolved in 5 mL of dichloromethane, and then 50 mL of petroleum ether was added to precipitate a precipitate. Then, the suction filtration was performed, and the filter cake was dried under vacuum to obtain a complex compound of monovalent gold salt, [(R)-III-b]AuCl, with a yield of 80%.

Example 26

(72) ##STR00044##

(73) Under nitrogen atmosphere, III-b (0.05 mmol), 0.5 mmol ethyl allenyl formate (In-2) and olefin In-1 were added in a reaction flask, and then 5 mL of toluene was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. The reaction solution was concentrated, and then purified silica gel column chromatography to obtain a product In-3 of [3+2]cyclization product, with a yield of 80%.

(74) By performing the above reaction with racemic MSDP instead of III-b, a product In-3 of [3+2] cyclization product can be obtained with a yield of 71%.