LOW-COST FOUR-ELEMENT SYSTEM CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF

Abstract

A low-cost four-element system cementitious material, a preparation method and an application thereof are provided by the present disclosure, and the cementitious material is used in the fields of mine cementing filling and building materials. The four-element system cementitious material includes the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-60% of water-quenched blast furnace slag, 10-40% of waste incineration bottom ash, 20% of pretreated waste incineration fly ash and the balance of desulfurization gypsum. The low-cost four-element system cementitious material is used to replace cement to prepare mine cementing filling materials, and is also used to prepare concrete materials for construction industry.

Claims

1. A low-cost four-element system cementitious material, comprising following raw materials in percentage by mass according to 100% by mass of the low-cost four-element system cementitious material: 20-60% of water-quenched blast furnace slag, 10-40% of waste incineration bottom ash, 20% of pretreated waste incineration fly ash and a balance of desulfurization gypsum.

2. The low-cost four-element system cementitious material according to claim 1, wherein according to a mass percentage, in the pretreated waste incineration fly ash, a content of CaO is ?45%, a content of Cl is ?20%, a content of Na.sub.2O is ?10%, a content of SiO.sub.2 is ?3%, and a content of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is ?2%.

3. The low-cost four-element system cementitious material according to claim 1, wherein according to a mass percentage, in the waste incineration bottom ash, a content of SiO.sub.2 is ?32%, a content of CaO is ?30%, a content of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is ?7%, a content of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 is ?5%, and a content of Na.sub.2O is ?2%.

4. The low-cost four-element system cementitious material according to claim 1, wherein according to a mass percentage, in the water-quenched blast furnace slag, a content of CaO is ?35%, a content of SiO.sub.2 is ?28%, a content of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is ?12%, and a content of MgO is ?5%.

5. The low-cost four-element system cementitious material according to claim 1, wherein according to a mass percentage, in the desulfurization gypsum, a content of CaO is ?45%, and a content of SO.sub.3 is ?40%.

6. The low-cost four-element system cementitious material according to claim 1, wherein a specific surface area of the water-quenched blast furnace slag is 450-500 m.sup.2/kg, a specific surface area of the pretreated waste incineration fly ash is ?500 m.sup.2/kg, a specific surface area of the waste incineration bottom ash is 400-450 m.sup.2/kg, and a specific surface area of the desulfurization gypsum is 450-500 m.sup.2/kg.

7. A preparation method of the low-cost four-element system cementitious material according to claim 1, comprising following steps: S1, carrying out water washing pretreatment on waste incineration fly ash to obtain a pretreated waste incineration fly ash; S2, uniformly mixing the pretreated waste incineration fly ash with waste incineration bottom ash, water-quenched blast furnace slag and desulfurization gypsum according to a mass ratio to obtain a four-element system cementitious material; and S3, mixing water with the four-element system cementitious material of low-cost according to a mass ratio of (1-2):5 to prepare a cementitious material.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to illustrate the technical schemes in the embodiments of the present disclosure more clearly, the drawings to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced hereinafter, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description hereinafter are only some of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and that for the person of ordinary skill in the field, other drawings are available on the basis of the drawings without creative labour.

[0030] FIG. 1 shows a process of a preparation method and application of a low-cost four-element system cementitious material, and a process of applying the cementitious material provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 2 shows a test process of washing pretreatment conditions of waste incineration fly ash according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 3 depicts a cumulative particle size distribution of the cementitious materials in the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 4 illustrates a particle size distribution of the cementitious materials in the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 5 is a process illustrating a preparation method of the low-cost four-element system cementitious material.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0035] The technical schemes and technical problems solved in the embodiments of the present disclosure are described below in connection with the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present patented disclosure, and not all of them.

[0036] The fly ash used in embodiments of the present disclosure is collected from the grate furnace incineration process of a waste incineration power plant in China, where the waste is dried, incinerated and burned in different combustion sections of the grate sheet, and the fine particles of the combustion are collected in the heat reuse system (heat recovery boiler) and the flue gas purification system (dust collector), which contain much higher levels of heavy metals, dioxins and chlorine salts than the fly ash generated by other incineration technologies, after which the fly ash from the waste incineration is pretreated in the grate furnace process by means of different water washing conditions, so as to obtain the pretreated waste incineration fly ash that is used for the preparation of the four-element system cementitious material with the optimal properties (compressive strength).

[0037] The waste incineration bottom ash used in the embodiments of the present disclosure is collected from the incombustible mixture (slag) deposited at the bottom of the combustion boiler in the grate furnace technology of a garbage incineration power plant in China; it is a general solid waste collected from the bottom of the furnace, with a large yield of about 80-90% of the solid residue; it is obtained after physical sorting out of the large pieces of glass or ferrous materials therein, the chlorine salt content and pollutant concentration is low.

[0038] The cementitious material described in the present disclosure is usually mixed at a mass ratio of water to cementitious material of about (1-2):5 when used, and this water-to-cement ratio provides a low-cost cementitious material for cement-free clinker four-element system by large-scale substitution of cement curing and stabilization initially in combination with cementitious filling and mining technology or the preparation of concrete for the construction industry. A process for the specific implementation of the embodiments of the present disclosure is shown in FIG. 1.

[0039] Further, before preparing the cementitious material required by this embodiment, it is necessary to test the pretreatment conditions of waste incineration fly ash with water. The test method includes:

[0040] 20 grams (g) of dried fly ash raw materials are put into a Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) container with a capacity of 1 liter (L), Liquid-solid ratio (L/S) and oscillation duration are set, then deionized water is slowly added according to the water-cement ratio/liquid-solid ratio of 3, followed by oscillation at room temperature at a frequency of 110?10 times/min in two time gradients for 1 and 5 minutes (min) respectively, as shown in Table 1; then, the container is taken off, and all the washing solutions are vacuum-filtered by a 0.45 micrometer (?m) filter membrane; the remaining washed fly ash residue and the filter membrane are put into an oven at a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius (? C.) for drying for 2 days, and then the filter residue is dried and homogenized to obtain washed fly ash; the specific water washing operation process is shown in FIG. 2.

[0041] Table 1 shows parallel specimens W1 and W7 of fly ash under different water washing test conditions.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Parallel samples of fly ash under different washing test conditions Types of washed fly ash W1 W7 L/S 3 3 Washing duration (min) 1 5

[0042] Further, the share distribution of waste incineration fly ash and the particle size of desulfurization gypsum is shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4.

[0043] It can be seen from FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 that the shares of waste incineration fly ash in the particle size ranges of 0.1-1 ?m, 1-10 ?m, 10-25 ?m, 25-50 ?m, 50-110 ?m, and 110-500 ?m are 4.72%, 31.26%, 20.64%, 21.90%, 21.38% and 0%, respectively; [0044] the shares of waste incineration bottom ash in the particle size ranges of 0.1-1 ?m, 1-10 ?m, 10-25 ?m, 25-50 ?m, 50-110 ?m, and 110-500 ?m are 4.25%, 21.21%, 11.29%, 12.22%, 20.89% and 30.14%, respectively; [0045] the water-quenched blast furnace slag is collected from an iron and steel group in China, with shares in the particle size ranges of 0.1-1 ?m, 1-10 ?m, 10-25 ?m, 25-50 ?m, 50-110 ?m, and 110-500 ?m being 21.59%, 49.50%, 13.86%, 5.90%, 4.78% and 4.37%, respectively; [0046] the desulfurization gypsum is collected from a coal-fired power plant in China, with shares in the particle size ranges of 0.1-1 ?m, 1-10 ?m, 10-25 ?m, 25-50 ?m, 50-110 ?m, and 110-500 ?m being 5.69%, 40.86%, 12.59%, 12.70%, 17.88% and 10.28%, respectively; [0047] further, in the embodiments and comparative embodiments of the present disclosure, the waste incineration bottom ash is required to be ground to a specific surface area of 450 square meter per kilogram (m.sup.2/kg), the water quenched blast furnace slag is required to be ground to a specific surface area of 500 m.sup.2/kg, and the desulfurization gypsum is required to be ground to a specific surface area of 450 m.sup.2/kg.

[0048] A preparation method of a low-cost four-element system cementitious material, including the following steps as shown in FIG. 5: [0049] S1, carrying out water washing pretreatment on waste incineration fly ash to obtain a pretreated waste incineration fly ash; [0050] S2, uniformly mixing the pretreated waste incineration fly ash with waste incineration bottom ash, water-quenched blast furnace slag and desulfurization gypsum according to a mass ratio to obtain a four-element system cementitious material; and [0051] S3, mixing water with the four-element system cementitious material of low-cost according to a mass ratio of (1-2):5 to prepare a cementitious material.

Embodiment 1

[0052] A low-cost four-element system cementitious material, including the following components in percentage by mass:

[0053] 20% of pretreated waste incineration fly ash, 16% of waste incineration bottom ash, 48% of water-quenched blast furnace slag, and 14% of desulfurization gypsum.

[0054] In this embodiment, water-washed pretreated fly ash (W1) with a chloride Cl content of about 6 is selected. Among them, the shares of water-washed fly ash (W1) in the particle size ranges of 0.1-1, 1-10, 10-25, 25-50, 50-110, and 110-500 ?m are 2.89%, 8.16%, 10.33%, 21.23%, 30.85%, and 26.55%, respectively; the shares of water-quenched blast furnace slag in the particle size ranges of 0.1-1, 1-10, 10-25, 25-50, 50-110, and 110-500 ?m are 21.59%, 49.50%, 13.86%, 5.90%, 4.78%, and 4.37%, respectively; the shares of desulfurization gypsum in the particle size ranges of 0.1-1, 1-10, 10-25, 25-50, 50-110, and 110-500 ?m are 5.69%, 40.86%, 12.59%, 12.70%, 17.88%, and 10.28%, respectively. The pretreated waste incineration fly ash, waste incineration bottom ash, water-quenched blast furnace slag and desulfurization gypsum are respectively weighed according to the stated percentages, and specimens of filling material are prepared according to GB17671-1999 Method for testing cementsDetermination of strength.

Embodiment 2

[0055] A low-cost four-element system cementitious material, including the following components in percentage by mass:

[0056] 20% of pretreated waste incineration fly ash, 22% of waste incineration bottom ash, 44% of water-quenched blast furnace slag, and 14% of desulfurization gypsum.

[0057] In this embodiment, water-washed pretreated fly ash (W1) with a chlorine Cl content of about 6 is selected. Therein, the shares of particle size of the water-washed fly ash (W1), water-quenched blast furnace slag and desulfurization gypsum are the same as those in Embodiment 1. The water-washed waste incineration fly ash, waste incineration bottom ash, water-quenched blast furnace slag and desulfurization gypsum are respectively weighed according to the stated percentages, and specimens of filling material are prepared according to GB17671-1999 Method for testing cementsDetermination of strength.

Embodiment 3

[0058] A low-cost four-element system cementitious material, including the following components in percentage by mass:

[0059] 20% of pretreated waste incineration fly ash, 30% of waste incineration bottom ash, 30% of water-quenched blast furnace slag, and 20% of desulfurization gypsum.

[0060] In this embodiment, water-washed pretreated fly ash (W1) with a chlorine Cl content of about 6 is selected. Therein, the shares of particle size of the water-washed fly ash (W1), water-quenched blast furnace slag and desulfurization gypsum are the same as those in Embodiment 1. The water-washed waste incineration fly ash, waste incineration bottom ash, water-quenched blast furnace slag and desulfurization gypsum are respectively weighed according to the stated percentages, and specimens of filling material are prepared according to GB17671-1999 Method for testing cementsDetermination of strength.

Embodiment 4

[0061] A low-cost four-element system cementitious material, including the following components in percentage by mass:

[0062] 20% of pretreated waste incineration fly ash, 15% of waste incineration bottom ash, 45% of water-quenched blast furnace slag, and 20% of desulfurization gypsum.

[0063] In this embodiment, water-washed pretreated fly ash (W7) with a chlorine Cl content of about 1 is selected. Among them, the shares of water-washed fly ash (W7) in the particle size ranges of 0.1-1, 1-10, 10-25, 25-50, 50-110, and 110-500 ?m are 3.21%, 9.48%, 11.33%, 22.97%, 33.72%, and 19.29%, respectively; the shares of particle size of the water-quenched blast furnace slag and desulfurization gypsum are the same as those in Embodiment 1. The water-washed waste incineration fly ash, waste incineration bottom ash, water-quenched blast furnace slag and desulfurization gypsum are respectively weighed according to the stated percentages, and specimens of filling material are prepared according to GB17671-1999 Method for testing cementsDetermination of strength.

Embodiment 5

[0064] A low-cost four-element system cementitious material, including the following components in percentage by mass:

[0065] 20% of pretreated waste incineration fly ash, 22% of waste incineration bottom ash, 44% of water-quenched blast furnace slag, and 14% of desulfurization gypsum.

[0066] In this embodiment, water-washed pretreated fly ash (W7) with a chlorine Cl content of about 1 is selected. Among them, the shares of water-washed fly ash (W7) in the particle size ranges of 0.1-1, 1-10, 10-25, 25-50, 50-110, and 110-500 ?m are 3.21%, 9.48%, 11.33%, 22.97%, 33.72%, and 19.29%, respectively; the shares of particle size of the water-quenched blast furnace slag and desulfurization gypsum are the same as those in Embodiment 1. The water-washed waste incineration fly ash, waste incineration bottom ash, water-quenched blast furnace slag and desulfurization gypsum are respectively weighed according to the stated percentages, and specimens of filling material are prepared according to GB17671-1999 Method for testing cementsDetermination of strength.

Embodiment 6

[0067] A low-cost four-element system cementitious material, including the following components in percentage by mass:

[0068] 20% of pretreated waste incineration fly ash, 34% of waste incineration bottom ash, 34% of water-quenched blast furnace slag, and 12% of desulfurization gypsum.

[0069] In this embodiment, water-washed pretreated fly ash (W7) with a chlorine Cl content of about 1 is selected. Among them, the shares of water-washed fly ash (W7) in the particle size ranges of 0.1-1, 1-10, 10-25, 25-50, 50-110, and 110-500 ?m are 3.21%, 9.48%, 11.33%, 22.97%, 33.72%, and 19.29%, respectively; the shares of particle size of the water-quenched blast furnace slag and desulfurization gypsum are the same as those in Embodiment 1. The water-washed waste incineration fly ash, waste incineration bottom ash, water-quenched blast furnace slag and desulfurization gypsum are respectively weighed according to the stated percentages, and specimens of filling material are prepared according to GB17671-1999 Method for testing cementsDetermination of strength.

[0070] Before preparing the cementitious materials required by the comparative embodiments, there is no need to pretreat the waste incineration fly ash.

Comparative Embodiment 1

[0071] A low-cost four-element system cementitious material, including the following components in percentage by mass:

[0072] 20% of pretreated waste incineration fly ash, 17% of waste incineration bottom ash, 51% of water-quenched blast furnace slag, and 12% of desulfurization gypsum.

[0073] In this comparative embodiment, waste incineration fly ash with a chlorine Cl content of about 20 is selected. The shares of particle sizes of the waste incineration fly ash, waste incineration bottom ash and desulfurization gypsum are the same as those in Embodiment 1. The waste incineration fly ash, waste incineration bottom ash, water-quenched blast furnace slag and desulfurization gypsum are respectively weighed according to the stated percentages, and specimens of filling material are prepared according to GB17671-1999 Method for testing cementsDetermination of strength.

Comparative Embodiment 2

[0074] A cementitious material containing cement clinker, including the following components in percentage by mass:

[0075] 20% of pretreated waste incineration fly ash, 70% of cement and 10% of desulfurization gypsum.

[0076] In this comparative embodiment, water-washed pretreated fly ash (W1) with a chlorine Cl content of about 6 is selected. The shares of particle sizes of the waste incineration fly ash, cement and desulfurization gypsum are the same as those in Comparative embodiment 1. Waste incineration fly ash, cement and desulfurization gypsum are weighed according to the specified percentages, and the specimens of filling material are prepared according to GB17671-1999 Method for testing cementsDetermination of strength.

[0077] The cementitious materials of Embodiments 1 to 6 and Comparative embodiments 1 to 2 are mixed with water at a mass ratio of (1-2):5, respectively, and the specimens of the filling material are prepared according to GB17671-1999 Method for testing cements-Determination of strength, the specimens are sized as 30 mm?30 mm?50 mm, and are maintained at a temperature of about 20-35? C. and a humidity of 99.5% or more.

[0078] In the following, the compressive strength of moulded specimens at different curing ages is tested according to the GB17671-1999 Method for testing cementsDetermination of strength (MTCDS), and the leaching test is carried out according to the national standard (HJ/T 557-2010) Solid waste-Extraction procedure for leaching toxicity-Horizontal vibration method, the leaching concentrations of heavy metals and Cl.sup.? and SO.sub.4.sup.2? anions contained in fly ash, pretreated fly ash (W1 and W7) feedstocks, and moulded specimens are determined using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ion chromatography (IC), respectively; the total cost-benefit analysis is also performed.

[0079] The specific cost-benefit calculation process is shown in Table 2.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Examples of cost-benefit analysis of low-cost four-element system cementitious materials Price per t of cementitious material produced (CNY) Compar- Compar- ative ative Material embodi- embodi- Embodi- Embodi- Embodi- Embodi- Embodi- Embodi- production Unit ment ment ment ment ment ment ment ment cost price (CNY) 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cost of Cement, 400 CNY/t; 81.23 217.69 77.08 70.92 50.77 73.85 70.92 55.08 materials Water-quenched blast furnace slag, 200 CNY/t; desulfurization gypsum, 30 CNY/t Cost of 280 CNY/t 0 43.08 43.08 43.08 43.08 43.08 43.08 43.08 washing fly ash (calculated according to water cement ratio of 3) Electricity 0.725 CNY/kW 0.66 0.04 0.63 0.58 0.44 0.62 0.58 0.46 fee for grinding (4.2 kW/h) Machine 10,000/year 1.35 0.08 1.29 1.19 0.89 1.27 1.19 0.93 maintenance cost Sum / 83.24 260.89 122.08 115.77 95.18 118.82 115.77 99.55 Price per ton of cementitious material produced Compar- Compar- ative ative Unit embodi- embodi- Embodi- Embodi- Embodi- Embodi- Embodi- Embodi- Solid waste price ment ment ment ment ment ment ment ment cost savings (CNY) 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tax on solid 25 CNY/t 12.12 1.92 11.92 11.15 9.62 12.50 11.15 8.85 waste storage (People's Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Protection Tax Law) Hazardous 1000 CNY/t 153.8 153.85 153.85 153.85 153.85 153.85 153.85 153.85 waste disposal costs (landfill disposal and cement kiln disposal) Sum / 165.9 155.77 165.77 165.00 163.47 166.35 165.00 162.70 Economic benefit of product = 166.76 ?10.89 127.92 134.23 154.82 131.18 134.23 150.45 price ? production cost (per t of cementitious material) Cost saving by solid waste (per t 165.97 155.77 165.77 165.00 163.47 166.35 165.00 162.70 of cementitious material) Total economic benefit = product 332.73 144.88 293.69 299.253 318.29 297.53 299.23 313.15 economic benefit + cost saving by solid waste/benefit (per t cementitious material)

[0080] The total cost-benefit analysis is carried out assuming a unit price of 250 CNY per ton for the low-cost four-element system cementitious material. The results of the compressive strength tests and the total cost-benefit analysis are shown in Table 3.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Compressive strength of specimens of clear paste cementitious materials Total economic 3 d 7 d 28 d benefits Specimens /(Magapascal (Mpa) CNY/t Comparative 9.81 ? 0.1 20.97 ? 0.1 30.66 ? 0.1 332.73 embodiment 1 Comparative 24.55 ? 0.1 27.00 ? 0.1 37.50 ? 0.1 187.96 embodiment 2 Embodiment 1 4.99 ? 0.1 25.98 ? 0.1 37.42 ? 0.1 293.69 Embodiment 2 6.51 ? 0.1 23.41 ? 0.1 34.96 ? 0.1 299.23 Embodiment 3 5.16 ? 0.1 21.14 ? 0.1 26.96 ? 0.1 318.29 Embodiment 4 4.60 ? 0.1 22.99 ? 0.1 35.44 ? 0.1 297.53 Embodiment 5 4.62 ? 0.1 21.34 ? 0.1 31.38 ? 0.1 299.23 Embodiment 6 2.66 ? 0.1 21.99 ? 0.1 28.14 ? 0.1 313.15

[0081] Description of results: from the above Table 3, it can be seen that although the total economic benefit of the Comparative embodiment 1 (with no washing treatment of fly ash) is the highest, amounting to 332.73 CNY/t, the 28 d compressive strength is 30.66 Mpa, which is lower than the 28 d compressive strength of the Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, Embodiment 4 and Embodiment 5 (with washing treatment of waste incineration fly ash W1 and W7) (31.38-37.50 Mpa). Table 4 shows that the Pb ion concentration of Comparative embodiment 2 (with cement) exceeds the drinking water standard at both 3 d and 28 d. In contrast, there is no risk of heavy metal leaching in Comparative embodiment 1 (without washing treatment of fly ash). Embodiments 1, 2, 4 and 5 (including washed waste incineration fly ash W1 and W7) are free of Cl.sup.? and SO.sub.4.sup.2? anion leaching risk, with ranges of 95.00-230.34 mg/L and 20.95-70.09 mg/L, respectively, which proves that the washing pretreatment of the fly ash makes the four-element solid waste-based cementitious materials free of anion leaching risk, but the cementitious materials still have anion leaching risk. Moreover, the total economic benefit of the proportion 2 (containing cement) is only 144.88 CNY/t, and the total economic benefit of the cementitious materials in Embodiment 1 to 5 is 293.69-318.29 CNY/t, suggesting a strong economic benefit advantage of the low-cost four-element system cementitious material.

[0082] As can be seen from Tables 1 and 3 above, the embodiments of the present disclosure still exhibit high compressive strength after making cementitious materials using fly ash that is so hazardous, indicating that there is a good synergy between the pretreated waste incineration fly ash of the embodiments of the present disclosure and the bottom ash of the waste incineration, the water-quenched blast furnace slag and desulfurization gypsum, and that this synergy improves the compressive strength of the cementitious materials and the synergistic utilization of the pre-treated waste incineration fly ash and the bottom ash of the waste incineration, bringing about an extremely high economic benefit.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Leaching concentrations of heavy metals and anions in fly ash, pretreated waste incineration fly ash and clear paste cementitious material Heavy metals (?g/L) Anions (mg/L) Sample Pb Zn Cu As Cr Cd Hg Sb Cl.sup.? SO.sub.4.sup.2? Fly ash 10827.51 11939.22 7.49 92.38 424.89 29.85 0.58 17.15 16418.18 1507.77 Pretreated fly ash (W1) 2539.70 3681.21 / 49.31 170.54 6.03 / 1.52 8369.77 991.27 Pretreated fly ash (W7) 2357.89 4789.71 / 32.35 106.59 4.35 / 0.36 5590.45 1014.21 3 d Comparative 2.70 6.51 / 3.14 35.40 0.36 / 0.83 1927 1031.2 embodiment 1 Comparative 15.23 7.13 / 9.61 34.27 2.36 0.01 1.19 2288.03 437.51 embodiment 2 Embodiment 1 4.10 4.13 / 1.78 41.87 0.35 / 1.25 152 55.91 Embodiment 2 1.74 0.01 / 2.13 45.02 0.21 / 0.84 230.34 70.09 Embodiment 3 1.67 0.01 / 0.95 31.70 0.10 / 0.72 551.21 80.41 Embodiment 4 2.29 / / 1.51 43.92 0.13 / 0.80 121 30.76 Embodiment 5 3.12 0.02 / / 47.51 0.21 / 0.91 145.41 40.12 Embodiment 6 1.51 0.01 / 0.45 29.52 / / 0.59 109.39 50.31 7 d Comparative 1.69 5.89 / 1.89 20.33 0.16 / 0.96 1951 1051 embodiment 1 Comparative 9.63 8.12 / 2.03 30.76 0.98 / 3.50 1874.99 613.55 embodiment 2 Embodiment 1 6.93 4.31 / 1.12 23.25 0.09 / 1.61 167.01 60.44 Embodiment 2 1.31 0.01 / 1.44 28.23 0.12 / 1.42 210.31 60.71 Embodiment 3 3.53 0.01 / 1.48 29.45 0.18 / 0.94 461.91 72.18 Embodiment 4 4.19 / / 0.83 25.96 0.09 / 3.08 107.25 25.22 Embodiment 5 1.91 0.01 / / 23.98 0.12 / 2.54 154.21 35.63 Embodiment 6 4.15 0.01 / 1.05 26.91 0.15 / 1.23 113.41 45.16 28 d Comparative 0.79 4.61 / 1.16 18.28 0.11 / 0.66 1821.32 961.87 embodiment 1 Comparative 10.32 7.74 / 1.01 25.41 0.64 / 1.55 2115.73 784.88 embodiment 2 Embodiment 1 1.83 0.01 / 0.73 17.03 0.12 / 0.82 141.04 50.25 Embodiment 2 2.35 / / 0.98 19.68 0.25 / 0.93 197.19 66.20 Embodiment 3 1.01 0.01 / / 17.92 0.21 / 0.54 512.54 61.22 Embodiment 4 0.89 / / / 20.11 0.03 / 1.2 95.00 20.95 Embodiment 5 1.02 0.01 / / 27.91 0.08 / 0.75 116.05 28.42 Embodiment 6 1.53 0.01 / 0.97 21.52 0.16 / 1.36 102 34.01 Drinking water ?g/L mg/L quality standards 10 1000 50 10 50 5 1 5 250 250

[0083] Markers: / for not detected, below the detection line (0.01 ?g/L); a means that all values are detected three times (p=0.001).

[0084] The embodiments of the present disclosure achieve synergetic resource utilization of waste incineration bottom ash, and the composition is simplified at the same time; owing to the synergistic effect, a good cementing performance can still be demonstrated, including high compressive strength and effective curing ability for a variety of heavy metals and other harmful substances in the fly ash.

[0085] To sum up, the present disclosure of the material synergistically uses water-washed waste incineration fly ash, waste incineration bottom ash, water-quenched blast furnace slag and desulfurization gypsum to prepare low-cost cement-free clinker cementitious materials, and determines the range of particle size distribution of the raw materials, so as to make maximum resourceful utilization of the waste incineration fly ash and the waste incineration bottom ash, and to provide a better admixture of the pre-treated waste incineration fly ash and the waste incineration bottom ash in the cement-free clinker four-element system cementitious system, which brings about a very high economic benefit.

[0086] The description above represents preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and it should be noted that for a person of ordinary skill in the art, a number of improvements and embellishments are also possible without departing from the principles described in the present disclosure, and these improvements and modifications are also to be regarded as the scope of protection of the present disclosure.