Abstract
A fiber molding system for manufacturing molded parts made from environmentally friendly, degradable fiber material using a fiber molding process is disclosed. The system includes at least one first pulp reservoir; a suction tool attached to a movement unit, which as a multi-tool comprises a plurality of suction heads, each with a three-dimensionally shaped suction head suction side adapted to a contour of the molded part to be molded, and which is designed to use at least a first partially immersing of the suction tool into the first pulp and sucking the fiber material onto the respective suction head suction sides of the suction heads using negative pressure from the first pulp to form the molded part in the suction heads; an output unit for outputting the final molded part, and a control unit adapted to carry out the method on the fiber molding system.
Claims
1-44. (canceled)
45. A method for forming molded parts, comprising: providing at least one first pulp as a liquid solution with an environmentally friendly, degradable fiber material in at least one first pulp reservoir; at least partially immersing a suction tool into the first pulp, wherein the suction tool is a multi-tool having a plurality of suction heads, each suction head having a three-dimensionally shaped suction side that is adapted to a contour of a molded part to be formed by the suction head; applying a negative pressure on the suction tool to suck fiber material from the first pulp onto the suction sides of the suction heads and form molded parts corresponding to the shapes of the suction sides; dispensing the molded parts from the suction tool; and applying one or more functional layers on surfaces of the molded parts.
46. The method of claim 45, further comprising applying a coating made of fiber material on the surfaces of the molded parts.
47. The method of claim 45, further comprising, after forming the molded parts, pre-molding at least one of the molded parts by applying a prepressing pressure to the molded part.
48. The method of claim 47, further comprising hot pressing the molded part after applying the prepressing pressure.
49. The method of claim 48, wherein the hot pressing is performed at a pressure and a temperature that are higher than a pressure and a temperature of the pre-molding.
50. The method of claim 45, further comprising conditioning the surfaces of the molded parts prior to applying the functional layers.
51. The method of claim 50, wherein conditioning the surfaces of the molded parts includes one or more of: smoothing the surfaces and spraying a filling material on the surfaces.
52. The method of claim 50, wherein conditioning the surfaces of the molded parts includes coating the surfaces with a wax.
53. The method of claim 52, wherein coating the surfaces with the wax includes applying the wax to the surfaces with a temperature treatment.
54. The method of claim 45, further comprising doping at least one of the functional layers with an active substance, wherein the active substance diffuses out of the at least one functional layer during use of the molded parts.
55. The method of claim 45, wherein applying one or more functional layers on surfaces of the molded parts includes: providing at least one second pulp as a liquid solution in at least one second pulp reservoir; at least partially immersing the suction tool into the second pulp, wherein the suction tool includes at least one molded part from the first pulp; and applying a negative pressure on the suction tool to suck fiber material from the second pulp onto the suction sides of the suction heads and form second molded parts.
56. The method of claim 45, wherein the surface of at least one molded part that is coated is an outer surface of the at least one molded part.
57. The method of claim 45, wherein the surface of at least one molded part that is coated is an inner surface of the at least one molded part.
58. The method of claim 45, wherein at least one functional layer is a wax.
59. A system for forming molded parts, comprising at least one first pulp reservoir containing at least one first pulp as a liquid solution with an environmentally friendly, degradable fiber material; a movement unit; a suction tool attached to the movement unit, wherein the suction tool is a multi-tool having a plurality of suction heads, each suction head having a three-dimensionally shaped suction side adapted to a contour of a molded part to be molded by the suction head, and wherein the suction side is configured to form the molded part during application of negative pressure in the suction head while the movement unit at least partially immerses the suction head in the first pulp; an application station, wherein the application station is configured to apply one or more functional layers on surfaces of the molded parts formed by the suction tool; an output unit configured to output the molded parts from the suction tool; and a control unit configured to control the movement unit, the suction tool, and the application station.
60. The system of claim 59, further comprising: a pre-molding station for pre-molding the molded part, wherein the pre-molding station is configured to apply a pre-pressing pressure on the molded part at room temperature.
61. The system of claim 59, further comprising: a hot-pressing station for hot-pressing the molded part, wherein the hot-pressing station is configured to apply a pressure at a hot-pressing temperature.
62. The system of claim 59, further comprising: a conditioning station for conditioning a surface of the molded part before applying the functional layers.
63. The system of claim 59, wherein the application station includes at least one second pulp reservoir containing at least one second pulp, wherein the movement unit is configured to move the suction tool such that the suction head of the suction tool is at least partially immersed in the second pulp while the molded part from the first pulp is on the suction head to apply the functional layers to the molded part.
64. The system of claim 59, wherein the application station is configured to apply at least one functional layer as a wax on an inner surface of at least one of the molded parts formed by the suction tool.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0084] In addition, further features, effects and advantages of the present disclosure are explained with reference to the attached drawing and the following description. Components which at least essentially correspond in terms of their function in the individual Figures are identified by the same reference symbols, with the components not having to be numbered and explained in all Figures.
[0085] In the drawing:
[0086] FIG. 1: shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the method according to the present disclosure;
[0087] FIG. 2: shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the method according to the present disclosure;
[0088] FIG. 3: shows an embodiment of the fiber molding system according to the present disclosure;
[0089] FIG. 4: shows a further embodiment of the fiber molding system according to the present disclosure with a plurality of pulp reservoirs for applying a further layer of fiber material to the molded part;
[0090] FIG. 5: shows a further embodiment of the fiber molding system according to the present disclosure for molding common molded parts from a first mold part from a first pulp and a second molded part from a second pulp using two separate movement units for the first and second molded parts respectively;
[0091] FIG. 6: shows an embodiment of the suction tool as a multi-tool using the example of a single suction head with a negative and positive mold (a) before molding and (b) after molding the molded part;
[0092] FIG. 7: shows an embodiment of the common molded part with a second molded part of fiber material arranged on the inside of a first molded part of fiber material;
[0093] FIG. 8: shows different embodiments of the molded part with (a) on the outer surface of the molded part, (b) on the inner surface of the molded part, and (c) on both sides of the molded part applied functional layer or layer system with several functional layers; and
[0094] FIG. 9: shows an embodiment of the molded part with (a) a layer system with a plurality of functional layers and a further layer of fiber material applied to the outer surface of the molded part, and (b) an application of the molded part with applied and applied layers.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0095] FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the method 200 according to the present disclosure for manufacturing molded parts 10 from environmentally friendly, degradable fiber material 11 by means of a fiber molding process in a fiber molding system 100 comprising the steps of providing 210 at least one first pulp 1a as a liquid solution with environmentally compatible degradable fiber material 11 in at least one first pulp reservoir 6a; of molding 220 the molded part 10 by means of at least a first partial immersion of a suction tool 2 into the first pulp 1a, wherein the suction tool 2 as a multi-tool comprises a plurality of suction heads 21, each with a three-dimensionally shaped suction head suction side 21s adapted to a contour of the molded part 10 to be molded, and suction of the fiber material 11 onto the respective suction head suction sides 21s of the suction heads 21 by means of negative pressure in the suction tool 2 from the first pulp 1a (for further details see also FIG. 6) followed by pre-molding 230 of the molded part 10 in a pre-molding station 30 by means a pre-pressing pressure VD exerted on the molded part 10. After pre-molding 230, the molded part 10 is largely dimensionally stable for transfer to further processing stations 40, 50, 70, 80, 90. The method 200 also includes the step of hot-pressing 240 the at least part-molded, here already pre-molded, molded part with a hot-pressing pressure HD after transfer of the molded part to a hot pressing station 40 for the final shaping of the molded part 10. Preferably, hot pressing 240 is performed subsequent to pre-molding 230 at a pressure and temperature higher than that of pre-molding 230. After that, the finished molded part 10 is discharged 250. The manufacturing method additionally includes an application 260 of a functional layer 15 or a layer system 16 composed of a plurality of functional layers 15a, 15b, 15c and/or a coating 290 of a further layer 15d of fiber material 11 to a surface 10a, 10i to be coated of the molded part. Coating 290 is part of molding 220 and is therefore performed here before pre-molding 230 and hot pressing 240. The application 260 of the functional layer 15 or the layer system 16 takes place after the molding 220 since the molded part must first be available as a base (substrate) for the application 260. The application 260 can be performed after the molding 220 at different points in time and divisions into sub-steps in the fiber molding process 200. Depending on the application of the molded part 10, the surface 10a, 10i to be coated can be an outer surface 10a of the molded part 10 and/or an inner surface 10i of the molded part 10. In this embodiment, the application 260 comprises a conditioning 270 of the surface 10a, 10i to be coated and a subsequent coating 280 of the conditioned surface 10a, 10i to be coated. By conditioning 270, the surface 10a, 10i to be coated is intended to be smoothed and/or filled with material in preparation for the coating step 280. Material. For this purpose, the material is preferably sprayed on during conditioning. For food applications for the molded part 10, the conditioning material is preferably a biocompatible material. During conditioning 270, the molded part 10 can be sprayed with wax, preferably with a wax approved as a food additive, and/or with paint, preferably a paint approved for food. In other embodiments, the molded part can be coated with PTFE. Alternatively, wax can also be applied 260 to the molded part as a functional layer 15a in the layer system 16. In this case, the conditioning can also take place with a different material or be omitted. The wax is preferably introduced into the fiber material 11 by means of a temperature treatment of the molded part 10, preferably the wax is applied 260 before the hot pressing 240 so that the temperature during the hot pressing process causes the wax to be drawn into the fiber material. However, the steps of conditioning 270 and/or coating 280 can also be performed after the step of hot pressing 240 if the corresponding materials or the layers 15 or the layer system 16 cannot tolerate the temperatures during hot pressing. Depending on the fiber molding process and the layer 15 or layer system 16 to be applied, however, the coating 280 can also take place after the pre-molding 230 or the hot pressing 240 without a previous conditioning 270. The coating 280 of the molded part 10 with the functional layer 15 or the layer system 16 is performed, for example, using a physical coating method or a gas phase deposition, preferably vapor deposition, plasma coating or spraying.
[0096] FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the method 200 according to the present disclosure. The embodiment shown here can be combined with the embodiment in FIG. 1, since the application 260 and the coating 290 can be performed independently of each other since both processes take place in different parts of the fiber molding process 200. In one embodiment, the coating 290 can include the following steps, here before the pre-molding 230: at least partial second immersion 300 of the suction tool 2 with the molded part 10 already formed from the first pulp 1a in a second reservoir 6b with a second pulp 1b; and further molding 310 of the functional layer 15d by sucking the fiber material 11 from the second pulp reservoir 6b with the second pulp 1b onto the fiber material 11 already molded from the first pulp 1a in the respective suction heads 21. The molded part 10 formed in this way is then pre-molded 230 in the pre-molding station 30 in a common process for the molded part 10 made of fiber material from the first pulp 1a with a functional layer 15d formed 310 on it from fiber material 11 from the second pulp 1b. In an alternative embodiment, the coating 290 includes the following steps of transferring and outputting 320 the molded part 10 formed in the suction tool as a first molded part 10-1 onto or into an intermediate storage area, here a pre-pressing lower tool 31 of the pre-molding station 30, out of the suction tool 2; the at least partial second immersion 330 of the now molded part-free suction tool 2 in a further reservoir 6b with a further pulp 1b; the molding 340 of a second molded part 10-2 as the functional layer 15d by sucking in the fiber material 11 from the further pulp reservoir 6b with further pulp 1b on the respective suction head suction sides 21s of the suction heads 21; and placing or inserting 350 the second molded part 10-2 as the functional layer 15d onto or into the first molded part 10-1. With this alternative, the suction behavior of the suction head when the second molded part 10-2 is molded on is not influenced by the molding process of the first molded part 10-1, since the fiber material 11 for the second molded part 10-2 is sucked in through a free sieve in the suction head and thus not through the first molded part 10-1. In a further alternative, the coating 290 includes, in addition to the step of transferring and dispensing 320 also performed here, the subsequent steps of the at least partial second immersion 330, but here of a further suction tool 2b into a further reservoir 6b with a further pulp 1b, wherein the further suction tool 2b as a multi-tool comprises a plurality of suction heads 21, each with a three-dimensionally shaped suction head suction side 21s, which in this alternative is adapted to the contour of the molded part 10 that has already been transferred and dispensed, so that first and second molded parts can be manufactured over a larger thickness range; and the molding 340 of the second molded part 10-2 as the functional layer 15d by suction of the fiber material 11 from the further pulp reservoir 6b with further pulp 1b on the respective suction head suction sides 21s of the suction heads 21 of the further suction tool 2b; and placing or inserting 350 the second molded part 10-2 as the functional layer 15d onto or into the first molded part 10-1. In both alternatives, the common molded part 10 composed of the first and second molded parts 10-1, 10-2 is pre-molded 230 in the pre-molding station 30 by means of the pre-pressing pressure VD exerted on the common molded part 10. In this case, the first molded part 10-1 can be pre-pressed 235 separately between the pre-pressing lower tool 31 and the suction tool 2 after the transfer but before the output 320, depending on the application in the pre-molding station 30. If necessary, this pre-pressing 235 can also replace the pre-molding 230 of the common molded part 10 in some embodiments instead of supplementing it. During pre-molding 230, the molded part 10 is arranged between a pre-pressing lower tool 31 and the suction tool 2 as a pre-pressing upper tool, preferably, the pre-pressing pressure VD is exerted on the molded part 10 with the suction tool 2.
[0097] FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the fiber molding system 100 according to the present disclosure for manufacturing molded parts 10 from environmentally friendly, degradable fiber material 11 by means of a fiber molding process comprising at least one first pulp reservoir 6a, 6b for providing 210 at least one first pulp 1a as a liquid solution with environmentally friendly degradable fiber material 11, a molding station 20 with a suction tool 2 attached to a movement unit 4, which as a multi-tool comprises a plurality of suction heads 21, each with a three-dimensionally shaped suction head suction side 21s adapted to a contour of the molded part 10 to be molded, and which is designed to use at least a first partial immersion of the suction tool 2 in the first pulp 1a and suction of the fiber material 11 onto the respective suction head suction sides 21s of the suction heads 21 by means of negative pressure from the first pulp 1a to form the molded part 10 in the suction heads 21 220 (for more details see FIG. 6), a pre-molding station 30 for pre-molding 230 the molded part 10 by means of a pre-pressing pressure VD exerted on the molded part 10, the pre-molding preferably takes place at room temperature, a hot-pressing station 40 for hot-pressing 240 the at least pre-molded part after the molded part has been transferred to the hot-pressing station 40 for the final molding of the molded part 10 with a hot-pressing pressure HD at a hot-pressing temperature, preferably the hot-pressing 240 is performed subsequent to the pre-molding 230 on the pre-molded molded part 10, particularly preferably the pressure and temperature are higher during the hot-pressing 240 than during the pre-molding 230, a dispensing unit 50 for dispensing 250 the finished molded part 10, and a control unit 60 which is configured to carry out the method 200 according to the present disclosure on the fiber molding system 100. The fiber molding system 100 according to the present disclosure is additionally configured for applying 260 and/or coating 290 a functional layer 15 or a layer system 16 composed of a plurality of functional layers 15a, 15b, 15c and/or a further layer 15d made of fiber material 11 onto a surface 10a, 10i to be coated of the molded part 10 (see FIGS. 7-9 for further details). After pre-molding 230 with the pre-molding station 30, the fiber molding system 100 shown here comprises two continuing production lines, each with the component conditioning station 70, coating station 80, hot pressing station 40, a further station (e.g., a printing or packaging station) and an output unit 50. Both production lines can be supplied with pre-molded molded parts 10 using the same movement unit 4. Since the hot pressing process 240 usually takes significantly longer than the pre-molding, the movement unit is able to supply both production lines with molded parts without loss of cycle time at the output unit 50. During pre-molding 230, the molded part 10 is arranged between a pre-pressing lower tool 31 and the suction tool 2 as a pre-pressing upper tool, preferably, the pre-pressing pressure VD is exerted on the molded part 10 with the suction tool 2. For the subsequent processes, the molded part is discharged from the suction tool and runs through the fiber molding process on appropriately adapted means of transport, for example multi-molds as means of transport. Both production lines also have a conditioning station 70 for conditioning 270 a surface 10a, 10i to be coated and a coating station 80 for coating 280 the surface to be coated (10a, 10i, which was previously conditioned with the conditioning station 70). In an embodiment not shown here, a conditioning station 70 can also be dispensed with if the molded part already has suitable surface properties for coating, which depend on the materials provided for this purpose and the desired effect of the functional layer. In the left-hand production line, the conditioning station 70 and coating station 80 in the fiber molding process are arranged after the hot-pressing station 40, which is advantageous for temperature-sensitive materials, for example. In the production line on the right, on the other hand, the conditioning station 70 is arranged before the hot-pressing station 40 in the fiber molding process. If the conditioning station 70 is designed as a spraying station for spraying the molded part 10 with a material that smoothes and/or fills the surface 10a, 10i, preferably a biocompatible material, particularly preferably wax and/or paint, this material can be used during hot pressing 240 in draw in the fiber material 11. Irrespective of its location in the fiber molding process, the conditioning station 70 can also be designed for coating the molded part 10 with PTFE. The coating station 80 may be configured to perform a physical layering process or vapor deposition, preferably evaporation, plasma coating, or spraying.
[0098] FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the fiber molding system 100 according to the present disclosure, a pre-molding station 20 with a plurality of pulp reservoirs 6a, 6b for applying a further layer 15d of fiber material 11 to the molded part 10. The first, second and further pulps 1a, 1b differ in their compositions, in their solvents, in their fiber materials, in their concentrations and/or in proportions and/or in their type of any dopants. The fiber molding system 100 here comprises a second reservoir 6b with a second pulp 1b, in order to cover this with a second fiber layer 15d via a partial second immersion 300 of the suction tool 2 with or without molded parts 10 already formed from the first pulp 1a in the suction heads 21 cover or to produce a second molded part 10-2, which is placed on the first mold part 10-1. So that the two pulp reservoirs 6a, 6b (first and second) are supplied with pulp for the ongoing production process, the pre-molding station 20 includes a pulp processing and subsequent delivery station 35. In addition, the pre-pressing station 3 is arranged as a multi-tool with a plurality of pre-pressing lower tools 31 on the pre-molding station 30 such that the solution or pulp pressed out during pre-molding can be collected and fed back directly to the two pulp reservoirs 6a, 6b. The suction tool 2 is arranged on a robot arm 4a of the movement unit 4, since the robot arm 4a can reliably approach both pulp reservoirs with the suction tool 2. For this purpose, the robot arm first dips the suction tool into the first pulp reservoir 6a, for example, so that a molded part is formed from the first pulp. Thereafter, a second immersion 330 of the suction tool 2 into the second pulp reservoir 6b takes place, so that further fiber material from the second pulp 1b is molded onto the previously molded part 10 by the suction process.
[0099] FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the fiber molding system 100 according to the present disclosure for molding common molded parts 10 from a first molded part 10-1 from a first pulp 1a and a second molded part 10-2 from a second pulp 1b using two separate movement units 4, 4b for each of the first and second molded parts 10-1, 10-2. Here, too, the first, second and further pulps 1a, 1b differ in their compositions, in their solvents, in their fiber materials, in their concentrations and/or in proportions and/or in their type of any dopants. The fiber molding system 100 here includes a second separate suction tool 2b to mold a second molded part 10-2 from a further pulp 1b independently of a first molded part 10-2 from a first pulp 1a. The further suction tool 2b is fastened here on the further movement unit 4b, so that this movement unit 4b mounts or inserts the second molded part 10-2 in the pre-molding station 30 onto or into the first molded part 10-1. For this purpose, the movement unit 4 outputs the first molded part 10-1, for example, to the pre-pressing station 3, so that the second molded part 10-2 with the second movement unit 4b and the further suction tool 2b can be slipped over it. The movement units 4, 4b are each robots with respective robot arms 4a on which the suction tools 2, 2b are arranged.
[0100] FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the suction head 21 shown here alone for a better overview in a suction tool 2 as a multi-tool with a negative and positive mold (a) before molding and (b) after molding of the molded part in a molding station 20 for a fiber molding system 100 for molding 220 of a molded part 10 made of environmentally friendly, degradable fiber material 11. The molding station is further described in FIG. 4, while here only the suction tool 2 for sucking in the environmentally friendly, degradable fiber material 11 for molding 220 the molded part 10 from a first, second or further pulp reservoir 6a, 6b with a first, second or further pulp 1a, 1b is to be entered as a liquid solution with the environmentally compatible degradable fiber material 11, the suction tool 2 comprising a suction head 21 with a three-dimensionally shaped suction head suction side 21s, the shape of which is adapted to a contour of the subsequent molded part 10, and the molded part 10 is formed on the suction head suction side 21s by means of vacuum in the suction tool 2. The suction head suction side 21s of the suction head 21 is formed from a porous sieve 22 on whose side facing the first, second or further pulp 1a, 1b the environmentally friendly, degradable fiber 11 adheres due to the suction for molding 220 of the molded part 10. For this purpose, the suction tool 2 comprises a plurality of suction channels 23, which end on the suction-side surface below the sieve 22 and are distributed over the suction-side surface in such a way that essentially the same suction power is made possible in all areas between the sieve 22 and the suction-side surface. For this purpose, the suction channels 23 can have openings in the suction-side surface with diameters of less than 4 mm. The cross-sectional area of the suction channels 23 can have any suitable shape, for example the cross-sectional area can be circular or oval. The suction head for molding the molded part can only dip a little into the first, second or further pulp 1a, 1b, so that a closed cavity is formed in the interior 21i of the suction head. In other embodiments, the suction head 21 could also be completely immersed in the first, second or further pulp 1a, 1b. The liquid solution of the first, second or further pulp 1a, 1b passing through the sieve 22 during molding 220 is discharged from the suction tool 2. For this purpose, the suction head 21 comprises on its end face 21p facing the first, second or further pulp 1a, 1b a collecting ring for receiving the liquid solution of the first, second or further pulp 1a, 1b sucked through the suction head suction side 21s, which is fed to a discharge channel 25, is connected for the liquid solution. The suction head suction side 21s of the suction head 21 can be designed either as a negative form (left part of FIG. 1) as the suction head inside 21i or as a positive form (right part of FIG. 1) as the suction head outside 21a. In the case of a negative mold, the molded part 10 (gray inner layer in the suction head 21, FIG. 1b left) that is formed towards the inside 21i of the suction head by means of the suction pressure SD is used for pre-pressing on the pre-pressing lower tool 31 with a pressing surface 31a as it is put on the outer surface of the pre-pressing lower tool 31. In a positive form, the suction head 21 is completely immersed in the first, second or further pulp 1a, 1b in order to suck up the first, second or further pulp 1a, 1b with fiber material 11. Thereafter, the molded part 10 (gray outer layer on the suction head 21, FIG. 1b right) which is formed on the outside of the suction head 21a due to the suction pressure SD is inserted, for example for pre-molding 230, into a pre-pressing lower tool 31, which has a shape adapted to the positive shape of the suction head 21 Shape as the inner surface of the pre-pressing lower tool 31. The suction head 21 also includes a gas line system 27, which forwards the vacuum provided to the suction head 21 as suction pressure SD. The first, second or further pulp 1a, 1b can have a proportion of environmentally friendly, degradable fiber material 11 of less than 5%, preferably less than 2%, particularly preferably between 0.5% and 1.0%, in a liquid solution, for example an aqueous solution, contain. Advantageously, the first, second or further pulp 1a, 1b does not include any organic binder, preferably no binder at all. The environmentally friendly, degradable fiber material 11 can essentially includes fibers with a fiber length of less than 5 mm. The first, second or further pulp 1a, 1b is provided at a temperature of less than or equal to 80? C., preferably less than or equal to 50? C., particularly preferably room temperature.
[0101] FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the common molded part 10 with a second molded part 10-2 made of fiber material 11 arranged on the inside 10i of a first molded part 10-1 made of fiber material 11 from a second pulp differing from the first pulp 1a of the first molded part 10-1 or another pulp 1b, wherein the first and second molded parts 10-1, 10-2 are connected to each other via their respective mutually facing surfaces. This connection is created, for example, by the pre-molding pressure VD during pre-molding 230.
[0102] FIG. 8 shows various embodiments of the molded part with (a) on the outer surface 10a of the molded part 10, (b) on the inner surface 10i of the molded part 10, and (c) on both sides of the molded part 10 applied functional layer 15 or layer system 16 with multiple functional layers. Depending on the application, the surface 10a, 10i to be coated can be an outer surface 10a of the molded part 10 and/or an inner surface 10i of the molded part 10. The functional layer 15 or the layer system 16 can be or comprise a barrier layer, preferably a wax layer, a paint layer and/or a ceramic layer, particularly preferably an SiOx layer or a glass ceramic layer. If the molded part 10 is a container for foodstuffs, the inner surface 10i is coated with a layer of wax approved as a food additive, of paint approved for foodstuffs, of PTFE or with an SiOx layer.
[0103] FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of the molded part 10 with (a) layer system 16 applied to the outer surface 10a of the molded part 10 with a plurality of functional layers 15a, 15b, 15c and a further layer 15d of fiber material 11, and (b) an application of the molded part 10 with applied and applied layers 15, 16. At least one of the functional layers 15b in the layer system 16 or the further layer 15d made of fiber material 11 can have an at least partial barrier effect against the transport of substances out of the fiber material 11, into the fiber material 11 or through the fiber material 11; the barrier effect is preferably against the penetration of moisture, water, aromas, flavors, odors, fats, oils and light acids and/or non-food grade substances. For this purpose, the functional layer 15b with a barrier effect can be a wax layer, paint layer or a ceramic layer, preferably an SiOx layer or a glass ceramic. In this case, at least one of the functional layers 15c in the layer system 16 can also be designed in such a way that under the application conditions of the molded part 10 it releases substances that are advantageous for an application of the molded part 10 to the surroundings of the molded part 10. The functional layer 15d can have a smaller layer thickness than the fiber material 11 previously molded from the first pulp 1a. Here, the functional layer 15d made of fiber material 11 can additionally include a portion of a material that smoothes and/or fills the fiber material 11, preferably a biocompatible material. As shown in FIG. 9b, an active ingredient W doped into or contained in this layer 15c can diffuse out of the functional layer 15c under application conditions of the molded part 10. In this case, the molded part is a flower or plant pot, which is dug into the ground 8 together with the plant 7 and remains there until it is degraded in an environmentally friendly manner. With the rotting of the molded part 10 as a flower or plant pot, a fertilizer from the fiber material 10 is released into the soil 8, for example, which supports the plant growth of the plant 7 planted with the molded part. In other applications, the active substance W can be a flavoring substance, a medicinal substance, a substance that supports the environmentally compatible degradation of the molded part 10 or an additive for a content of the molded part 10. If, on the other hand, the molded part 10 is a container for food, the inner surface 10i (not shown here) can be coated with a layer of wax approved as a food additive, of paint approved for food, of PTFE or with an SiOx layer.
[0104] At this point it should be explicitly pointed out that features of the solutions described above or in the claims and/or figures can also be combined if necessary in order to also be able to implement or achieve explained features, effects and advantages cumulatively.
[0105] It goes without saying that the exemplary embodiment explained above is merely a first embodiment of the present disclosure. In this respect, the design of the disclosed embodiments is not limited to this exemplary embodiment.
REFERENCES
[0106] 1a first pulp [0107] 1b second pulp, additional pulps [0108] 10 molded part [0109] 10-1 first molded part [0110] 10-2 second molded part [0111] 10i surface to be coated of the molded part, inner surface [0112] 10a surface to be coated of the molded part, outer surface [0113] 11 fiber material [0114] 2 suction tool [0115] 2b further suction tool [0116] 21 suction head [0117] 21a outside of the suction head [0118] 21i interior (inside) of the suction head [0119] 21p the pulp (first, second, further) facing side of the suction head [0120] 21s suction head suction side [0121] 22 porous sieve [0122] 23 suction channels [0123] 25 discharge channel [0124] 27 gas pipe system [0125] 3 pre-pressing station [0126] 31 pre-pressing lower tool, intermediate storage area [0127] 4 movement unit [0128] 4b further movement unit [0129] 4a robotic arm [0130] 6a first pulp reservoir [0131] 6b second pulp reservoir, further pulp reservoir [0132] 7 plant [0133] 8 soil [0134] 15 functional layer [0135] 15a, b, c functional layer in the layer system 16 [0136] 15d applied further layer of fiber material [0137] 16 layer system composed of several functional layers [0138] 20 molding station [0139] 30 pre-molding station [0140] 35 pulp preparation and subsequent delivery station [0141] 40 hot-pressing station [0142] 50 output unit [0143] 60 control unit [0144] 70 conditioning station [0145] 80 coating station [0146] 90 further station, e.g., printing or packaging station [0147] 100 fiber molding system [0148] 200 process for manufacturing molded parts from environmentally friendly, degradable fiber material, fiber molding process [0149] 210 providing at least a first pulp [0150] 220 molding of the molded part [0151] 230 pre-molding of the molded (or common) molded part [0152] 235 separate pre-molding of the first molded part [0153] 240 hot pressing of the pre-molded part [0154] 250 ejecting the finished molded part [0155] 260 application of a functional layer or a layer system composed of several functional layers to a surface to be coated of the molded part [0156] 270 conditioning of the surface to be coated [0157] 280 coating of the conditioned surface [0158] 290 coating of a layer of fiber material on the molded part included in the application [0159] 300 second immersion of the suction tool with the molded part already molded from the first pulp into a second reservoir with a second pulp [0160] 310 molding of the functional layer from the second pulp reservoir with second pulp onto the fiber material already molded from the first pulp [0161] 320 transferring and outputting the molded part as the first part on a pre-pressing lower tool [0162] 330 second immersion of the suction tool, which is now molded part-free, into another reservoir with another pulp [0163] 340 molding of a second molded part as the functional layer by sucking in the fiber material from the further pulp reservoir [0164] 350 placing or inserting the second molded part as the functional layer onto or into the first molded part [0165] HD hot-pressing pressure [0166] VD pre-pressing [0167] SD suction pressure [0168] W active substance
