Airgun Sound Moderator with Polymeric Acoustic Baffles
20220399001 · 2022-12-15
Inventors
Cpc classification
F41B11/70
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
International classification
Abstract
An airgun moderator employing a stack of acoustic baffles fabricated from fibrous polymeric felt, which degrades in the presence of gunpowder combustion temperatures, thereby providing an effective airgun sound moderator that us ineffective as a firearms silencer.
Claims
1. An airgun sound moderator assembly for attachment to an airgun having a barrel that defines a bore axis, the barrel fixed to a frame member, and having a moderator engagement fitting adjacent a muzzle end thereof, comprising: an elongated housing having an interior profile, and having an airgun engagement fitting at a first end, and having a moderator muzzle cap at a second end, and wherein said airgun engagement fitting is selectively attachable to the airgun moderator engagement fitting; a stack of plural acoustic baffles located within said elongated housing between said airgun engagement fitting and said moderator muzzle cap, and wherein said plural acoustic baffles are each fabricated from a fibrous polymer felt, which inherently defines a polymer softening temperature and a polymer melting temperature, said polymer selected to provide sufficient rigidity of said felt to maintain structural shape below said polymer softening temperature, and wherein said polymer softening temperature and said polymer melting temperature are both less than thee hundred degrees celsius, such that said plural acoustic baffles will rapidly deteriorate if exposed to gunpowder combustion products and temperatures, and wherein each of said plural acoustic baffles are substantially planar, having a thickness in the range of 0.5 to 4.0 centimeters, with an outer profile that at least partially conforms with said interior profile of said elongated housing, and each having a bore hole formed therethrough, which is aligned with the bore axis when said airgun engagement fitting is engaged with the moderator engagement fitting.
2. The assembly of claim 1, and wherein: said fibrous polymer felt is fabricated from polyethylene terephthalate fibers.
3. The assembly of claim 2, and wherein: said polyethylene terephthalate fibers are substantially heterogeneous in size, and said plural acoustic baffles are thermally cut from sheet felt material, which fuses the cut edges to thereby enhance rigidity.
4. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the moderator engagement fitting is fixed to the airgun frame and internally threaded, and wherein: said airgun engagement fitting is externally threaded for selective attachment to the moderator engagement fitting.
5. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the airguns discharges a projectile of predetermine caliber, and wherein: said plural acoustic baffles comprise a first portion of baffles interleaved with a second portion of baffles, and wherein said first portion of baffles have round boreholes having a first diameter that is larger than said predetermined caliber, and said second portion of baffles have a second bore hole size that is greater than said first diameter.
6. The assembly of claim 5, and wherein: said second bore hole size is cut to reveal a zigzag edge profile.
7. The assembly of claim 5, and wherein: said second bore hole size is cut to reveal an undulating edge profile.
8. The assembly of claim 1, and wherein: a portion of said plural acoustic baffles are cut such that said outer profile reveals a concave scalloped edge.
9. The assembly of claim 1, and wherein: a portion of said plural acoustic baffles are cut such that said outer profile reveals a castellated edge.
10. An airgun sound moderator assembly for insertion into an airgun having a barrel that defines a bore axis, the barrel located within a frame member by a barrel support member, the frame member having an interior profile and enclosed at a muzzle end by a muzzle cap, comprising: a stack of plural acoustic baffles locatable within the frame between the barrel support member and the muzzle cap, and wherein said plural acoustic baffles are each fabricated from a fibrous polymer felt, which inherently defines a polymer softening temperature and a polymer melting temperature, said polymer selected to provide sufficient rigidity of said felt to maintain structural shape below said polymer softening temperature, and wherein said polymer softening temperature and said polymer melting temperature are both less than thee hundred degrees celsius, such that said plural acoustic baffles will rapidly deteriorate if exposed to gunpowder combustion products and temperatures, and wherein each of said plural acoustic baffles are substantially planar having a thickness in the range of 0.5 to 4.0 centimeters, with an outer profile that at least partially conforms with the interior profile of the frame member, and each having a bore hole formed therethrough, which is aligned with the bore axis when inserted into the airgun frame.
11. The assembly of claim 10, and further comprising: a baffle spacer disposed between the barrel support member and said stack of plural acoustic baffles to thereby provide separation between the barrel and said stack of plural acoustic baffles.
12. The assembly of claim 10, and wherein: said fibrous polymer felt is fabricated from polyethylene terephthalate fibers.
13. The assembly of claim 12, and wherein: said polyethylene terephthalate fibers are substantially heterogeneous in size, and said plural acoustic baffles are thermally cut from sheet felt material, which fuses the cut edges to thereby enhance rigidity.
14. The assembly of claim 10, wherein the airguns discharges a projectile of predetermine caliber, and wherein: said plural acoustic baffles comprise a first portion of baffles interleaved with a second portion of baffles, and wherein said first portion of baffles have round boreholes having a first diameter that is larger than said predetermined caliber, and said second portion of baffles have a second bore hole size that is greater than said first diameter.
15. The assembly of claim 14, and wherein: said second bore hole size is cut to reveal a zigzag edge profile.
16. The assembly of claim 14, and wherein: said second bore hole size is cut to reveal an undulating edge profile.
17. The assembly of claim 10, and wherein: a portion of said plural acoustic baffles are cut such that said outer profile reveals a concave scalloped edge.
18. The assembly of claim 10, and wherein: a portion of said plural acoustic baffles are cut such that said outer profile reveals a castellated edge.
19. A method of fabricating an airgun moderator assembly, including a stack of plural acoustic baffles, which are for insertion into an airgun having a barrel fixed to a frame member that defines a bore axis, and having a moderator engagement fitting adjacent a muzzle end thereof for attachment of an elongated housing having an interior profile, and having an airgun engagement fitting at a first end, and having a moderator muzzle cap at a second end, and wherein said airgun engagement fitting is selectively attachable to the airgun moderator engagement fitting, or for insertion of the plural acoustic baffles into an airgun having a barrel located within a frame member by a barrel support member, the frame member having an interior profile and enclosed at a muzzle end by a muzzle cap, thereby enabling location of the stack of plural acoustic baffles within the frame member between the barrel support member and the muzzle cap, the method comprising the steps of: selecting a substantially planar sheet of fibrous polymer felt within the thickness range of 0.5 to 4.0 centimeters according to its inherent polymer softening temperate and polymer melting temperature, which are both less then three hundred degrees celsius, such that the polymer will rapidly deteriorate if exposed to gunpowder combustion products and temperatures, and according to the fibrous polymer felt rigidity, thereby providing structural rigidity below the polymer softening temperature; cutting the plural acoustic baffles from the sheet of fibrous polymer felt, wherein each of the plural acoustic baffles have an outer profile that at least partially conforms with the interior profile of the elongated housing or the interior profile of the frame member, and each having a bore hole formed therethrough, which is located to align with the bore axis of the airgun, thereby moderating the acoustic impulse emitted by the airgun upon discharge of a projectile.
20. The method of claim 19, and wherein: the fibrous polymer felt is fabricated from polyethylene terephthalate fibers.
21. The method of claim 20, and wherein the polyethylene terephthalate fibers are substantially heterogeneous in size, and further comprising the step of: thermally cutting the plural acoustic baffles from sheet of polymer felt, thereby fusing the cut edges and enhancing rigidity.
22. The method of claim 19, wherein the airgun discharges a projectile of predetermine caliber, and wherein: said cutting step further includes cutting a first portion of the plural acoustic baffles and cutting a second portion of the plural acoustic baffles; interleaving the first portion and second portion of the plural acoustic baffles, and wherein the first portion of baffles are cut with round boreholes having a first diameter that is larger than the predetermined caliber, and the second portion of baffles are cut with a second bore hole size that is greater than the first diameter.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018]
[0019]
[0020]
[0021]
[0022]
[0023]
[0024]
[0025]
[0026]
[0027]
[0028]
[0029]
[0030]
[0031]
[0032]
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0033] Illustrative embodiments and exemplary applications will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings to disclose the advantageous teachings of the present invention.
[0034] While the present invention is described herein with reference to illustrative embodiments for particular applications, it should be understood that the invention is not limited thereto. Those having ordinary skill in the art and access to the teachings provided herein will recognize additional modifications, applications, and embodiments within the scope hereof, and additional fields in which the present invention would be of significant utility.
[0035] In considering the detailed embodiments of the present invention, it will be observed that the present invention resides primarily in combinations of steps to accomplish various methods or components to form various apparatus and systems. Accordingly, the apparatus and system components, and method steps, have been represented where appropriate by conventional symbols in the drawings, showing only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the present teachings so as not to obscure the disclosure with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the disclosures contained herein.
[0036] In this disclosure, relational terms such as first and second, top and bottom, upper and lower, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. The terms “comprises,” “comprising,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. An element proceeded by “comprises a” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
[0037] The present disclosure advantageously teaches assemblies and methods for employing fibrous polymeric felt in the form of a stack of acoustic baffles for both detachable and integral airgun sound moderators. Suitable materials are presented that provide sufficient strength and rigidity to maintain shape and acoustic performance when exposed to repeated compressed air muzzle blast from an airgun, yet, which will quickly deteriorate if exposed to the temperatures and combustion products of gunpowder firearms. In addition to the use of polymeric felt itself, the present disclosures teaches methods of cutting acoustic baffles from sheet polymeric felt material using thermal cutting techniques, including laser cutting, which effectively fuses the fibers exposed along the cutting lines. This technique further reinforces the strength and structure of the polymeric felt acoustic baffles.
[0038] As a point of reference, gunpowder typically has a burn temperature of at least 700° C., with maximum temperatures typically exceeding 1400° C. Thus, a firearms silencer must be fabricated from materials that endure such temperatures, and pressures for that matter, for a reasonably large number of repeated exposures in order to be regarded as an effective silencer for firearms applications. In fact, most quality firearms silencers employ a first internal baffle, often referred to as a “blast shield”, that is fabricated from a material and shape (thickness) that is particularly effective at enduring such exposure. Synthetic polymers, on the other hand, have considerably lower softening and melting temperatures. So much so, that most will melt or be destroyed when exposed to gunpowder combustion products, temperatures, and pressures.
[0039] The list of synthetic polymers (and their respective melting temperatures), roughly in the order of those most often utilized, includes polyethylene (115-135° C.), polypropylene (130-171° C.), polystyrene (240° C.), polyvinyl chloride (100-260° C.), phenol formaldehyde resin (220° C., decomposition), nylon (190-350° C.), polyacrylonitrile (300° C.), silicone (250° C., decomposition), and others. In addition to the melting or decomposition temperatures of such polymers, it is also necessary to consider the rigidity and strength of such materials, as well as available techniques for implementing an acoustic baffles from the materials. For example, synthetic rubbers and silicones are soft and flexible, making them largely unsuitable for airgun sound moderator applications. With respect to the physical structure of polymeric acoustic baffles, felt has been tested and determined to be an effective option for implementation of airgun sound moderator baffles.
[0040] Felt is a textile material that is produced by matting, condensing and pressing fibers together. Felt is often referred to as a non-woven fabric, where the fibers engage with one-another through the process of entanglement. Felt can be made of natural fibers, or from synthetic fibers such as petroleum-based polymeric fibers. Felt dampens vibration and absorbs sound, hence its suitability for use as an acoustic baffle in an airgun sound moderator. Testing by the inventors of the present disclosure has established that polymers in the polyester category provide sufficient rigidity and strength to effectively endure applications as acoustic baffles in airgun sound moderators.
[0041] Polyester is a category of polymers that contain the ester functional group in every repeat unit of their main chain. As a specific material, it most commonly refers to a type called polyethylene terephthalate (PET). PETs have low less fire-resistant and can melt when ignited. Polyethylene terephthalate is a strong, stiff synthetic material that can be spun into fibers for various applications. PET is produced by the polymerization of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. Ethylene glycol is a colorless liquid obtained from ethylene, and terephthalic acid is a crystalline solid obtained from xylene. When heated together under the influence of chemical catalysts, ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid produce PET in the form of a molten, viscous mass that can be spun directly to fibers Under the influence of heat and catalysts, hydroxyl and carboxyl groups react to form ester (CO—O) groups, which serve as the chemical links joining multiple PET units together into long-chain polymers. The presence of a large aromatic ring in the PET repeating units gives the polymer notable stiffness and strength, especially when the polymer chains are aligned with one another in an orderly arrangement by drawing (stretching). The stiffness of PET fibers makes them highly resistant to deformation, a characteristic particularly suitable for airgun sound moderator acoustic baffles. PET has a low softening temperature, approximately 70° C., and a melting temperature of approximately 250° C., this it will quickly deteriorate in the presence of gunpowder combustion temperers and pressures.
[0042] Polyethylene terephthalate felt materials are commercially available, and particularly configured for sound absorption applications. In an illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure, Acoufelt™ AP12 acoustic panel, which is prepared from 100% polyester, its employed. See www.acoufelt.com for further information on the AP12 product. The AP12 polyester felt product is available in 0.47″ thick sheets having a density of 0.49 pounds per square foot, employing substantially heterogeneous fiber sizes with good acoustic absorption properties, meeting the AS ISO 354-2006 NRC sound absorption standard.
[0043] Reference is directed to
[0044] Reference is directed to
[0045] Reference is directed to
[0046] Reference is directed to
[0047] Reference is directed to
[0048] Reference is directed to
[0049] Reference is directed to
[0050] Reference is directed to
[0051] Reference is directed to
[0052] Reference is directed to
[0053] Reference is directed to
[0054] Reference is directed to
[0055] Reference is directed to
[0056] Thus, the present invention has been described herein with reference to a particular embodiment for a particular application. Those having ordinary skill in the art and access to the present teachings will recognize additional modifications, applications and embodiments within the scope thereof.
[0057] It is therefore intended by the appended claims to cover any and all such applications, modifications and embodiments within the scope of the present invention.