Mold body for a pre-pressing tool, and pre-pressing tool

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a molding station a mold body for a pre-pressing tool that is utilized for pressing three-dimensional preforms made of a fiber-containing material. The mold body includes a deformable material and is perforated in some portions.

Claims

1. A mold body for a pre-pressing tool for pressing three-dimensional preforms made of a fiber-containing material, wherein the mold body includes a deformable material and is perforated at least in portions.

2. The mold body according to claim 1, wherein the mold body substantially images a geometry of the preform on an outer surface.

3. The mold body according to claim 1, wherein the mold body has substantially a same wall thickness in wall and floor sections of the three-dimensional preforms.

4. The mold body according to claim 1, wherein the mold body has a larger radius at an inner surface in transitions from wall and floor sections than at a corresponding transition at an outer surface.

5. The mold body according to claim 1, wherein the mold body has a reduced material thickness at an inner surface in transitions from wall and floor sections.

6. The mold body according to claim 1, wherein the mold body is concave in wall and/or floor sections.

7. The mold body according to claim 1, wherein the mold body includes silicone.

8. The mold body according to claim 1, wherein a connection section of the mold body for the pre-pressing tool extends in an edge section for accommodating an edge of a preform.

9. The mold body according to claim 8, wherein the connection section has integrated edge ventilation for an edge of the preforms.

10. The mold body according to claim 1, wherein the mold body has an integrated connection unit in a connection section for a pre-pressing tool.

11. The mold body according to claim 10, wherein the connection unit includes a metal or a metal alloy.

12. The mold body according to claim 11, wherein the connection unit has at least one connection element.

13. The mold body according to claim 12, wherein the at least one connection element is or has a groove, threaded hole, pin, screw, or latching opening.

14. A pre-pressing tool having at least one mold body for pressing three-dimensional preforms made of a fiber-containing material, wherein the at least one mold body includes a deformable material and is perforated at least in portions, wherein the preforms have a moisture content of at least 50 wt. %, the tool having a first tool component having at least one support structure for the at least one mold body and a second tool component having a corresponding cavity, wherein, in the closed state of the pre-pressing tool, a mold cavity for pressing preforms is formed between an outer surface of the at least one mold body and an inner wall of the corresponding cavity.

15. The pre-pressing tool according to claim 14, wherein the at least one support structure has at least one channel via which a gas or gas mixture can be introduced between a surface of the at least one support structure and an inner surface of the at least one mold body in order to deform the support structure and press a preform introduced into the mold cavity against the inner wall of the corresponding cavity via the outer surface of the at least one mold body.

16. The pre-pressing tool according to claim 14, wherein the mold cavity has openings for discharging water that escapes from preforms during a pre-pressing process.

17. The pre-pressing tool according to claim 14, wherein the at least one mold body is detachably connected to a tool plate of the first tool component.

18. The pre-pressing tool according to claim 14, wherein the at least one mold body has a portion that immerses in the mold cavity in a connection section, which immersing portion is not used for pressing and, when immersing, causes fiber-containing material to push together in edge sections of the preforms.

19. The pre-pressing tool according to claim 18, wherein a height of the immersing portion is at least twice as great as a material thickness of the at least one mold body in a wall or base section.

20. The pre-pressing tool according to claim 14, wherein the at least one support structure for the at least one mold body is replaceably connected to a tool plate of the first tool component.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0086] In addition, further features, effects and advantages of the present disclosure are explained with reference to the attached drawing and the following description. Components which at least essentially correspond in terms of their function in the individual figures are identified by the same reference signs, with the components not having to be numbered and explained in all figures.

[0087] In the figures:

[0088] FIG. 1: shows an embodiment of the suction head with a negative and positive form (a) before molding and (b) after molding the formed part;

[0089] FIG. 2: shows an embodiment of the pulp reservoir with pulp;

[0090] FIG. 3: shows an embodiment of the suction head according to some embodiments as a lateral section;

[0091] FIG. 4: shows an embodiment of the suction tool according to some embodiments in lateral section;

[0092] FIG. 5: shows a further embodiment of the suction tool according to some embodiments with modules (a) in plan view of the suction side and (b) in lateral section along the cutting plane A-B;

[0093] FIG. 6: shows an embodiment of the molding and preforming stations according to some embodiments;

[0094] FIG. 7: shows an embodiment of the prepressing lower tool according to some embodiments as a multi-tool (a) in perspective view of the multi-tool and (b) in lateral section of a single prepressing lower tool in the multi-tool;

[0095] FIG. 8: shows a further embodiment of the hot-pressing station according to some embodiments (a) in side view and (b) in perspective view;

[0096] FIG. 9: shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the hot-pressing lower tool and hot-pressing upper tool of the hot-pressing station from FIG. 8 during hot-pressing;

[0097] FIG. 10: shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the hot-pressing lower tool and hot-pressing upper tool of the hot-pressing station from FIG. 8 during hot-pressing;

[0098] FIG. 11: shows an embodiment of the fiber-forming system according to some embodiments;

[0099] FIG. 12: shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the method according to some embodiments;

[0100] FIG. 13 shows a schematic representation of a fiber processing device;

[0101] FIG. 14 shows a schematic sectional view of a mold body with a support structure; and

[0102] FIG. 15 shows a further schematic sectional view of a mold body with a support structure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0103] FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the suction head with negative and positive form (a) before molding and (b) after molding the formed part in a molding station 20 of a fiber-forming system 100 for molding 210 a formed part 10 from environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11. The molding station is described globally in FIG. 6, while only the suction tool 2 for sucking in, from a reservoir 6 with a pulp 1 as a liquid solution with the environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11, the environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11 for molding 210 the formed part 10 is discussed, wherein the suction tool 2 comprises a suction head 21 with a three-dimensionally shaped suction head suction side 21s, the shape of which is adapted to a contour 10i, 10a of the later formed part 10, and the formed part 10 is molded on the suction head suction side 21s by means of a vacuum in the suction tool 2. The suction head suction side 21s of the suction head 21 is formed from a porous screen 22, on whose pulp side 22p facing the pulp 1 the environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber 11 adheres due to the suction for molding 130 the formed part 10 (see formed part 10 in FIG. 2c). For this purpose, the suction tool 2 comprises a plurality of suction channels 23, which terminate on the suction-side surface 23s below the screen 22 and is distributed over the suction-side surface 23s in such a way that essentially the same suction power is made possible in all areas between the screen 22 and the suction-side surface 23s. For this purpose, the suction channels 23 can have openings in the suction-side surface 23s with diameters of less than 4 mm. The cross-sectional area of the suction channels 23 can have any suitable shape, for example, the cross-sectional area can be circular or oval. For this purpose, the suction channels 23 also have an uneven distribution on the suction-side surface 23s, wherein in the area of negative edges in the formed part 10 by 40%-60% fewer and/or in the area of positive edges 10%-30% more suction channels 23 per unit area are arranged than with plane surfaces. The suction head for molding the formed part only needs to be slightly immersed in the pulp 1, so that a closed cavity is formed in the interior 21i of the suction head. In other embodiments, the suction head 21 could also be completely immersed in the pulp 1. The liquid solution of the pulp 1 passing through the screen 22 during the molding 130 is discharged from the suction tool 2. For this purpose, the suction head 21 comprises on its end face 21p facing the pulp 1 a collecting ring 24 for receiving the liquid solution of the pulp 1 sucked through the suction head suction side 21s, which collecting ring is connected to a discharge channel 25 for the liquid solution. The suction head suction side 21s of the suction head 21 can be designed either as a negative form (left part of FIG. 1) as the suction head inside 21i or as a positive form (right part of FIG. 1) as the suction head outside 21a. In the case of a negative form, the formed part 10 (gray inner layer in the suction head 21, FIG. 1b left) which is formed toward the inside 21i of the suction head by means of the suction pressure SD is placed on the prepressing lower tool 31 with a pressing surface 31a as the outer surface of the prepressing lower tool 31 for prepressing. With a positive form, the suction head 21 is completely immersed in the pulp 1 for contacting 120 to suck up the pulp 1 with the fiber material 11. Thereafter, the formed part 10 (gray outer layer on the suction head 21, FIG. 1b right) which is formed on the outside of the suction head 21a due to the suction pressure SD is inserted for prepressing into the prepressing lower tool 31, which has a shape adapted to the positive form of the suction head 21 with a pressing surface 31a as an inner surface of the prepressing lower tool 31. The suction head 21 further comprises a gas line system 27, which supplies the vacuum provided to the suction head 21 as suction pressure SD.

[0104] FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the pulp reservoir 6 with pulp, where the environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11 is indicated as waves. The pulp 1 can contain less than 5%, preferably less than 2%, particularly preferably between 0.5% and 1.0% of environmentally-friendly, degradable fiber material 11 in a liquid solution, for example, an aqueous solution. Advantageously, the pulp 1 does not include any organic binder, preferably no binder at all. The environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11 can essentially consist of fibers with a fiber length of less than 5 mm. The pulp 1 is provided at a temperature of less than or equal to 80? C., preferably less than or equal to 50? C., particularly preferably at room temperature.

[0105] FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the suction head 21 according to some embodiments as a lateral section, the screen 22 having a wavy structure with wave crests 22w and wave troughs 22t along the suction-side surface 23s. The screen 22 rests with the wave crests 22w of its side 22s facing the suction-side surface 23s during suction and is thus mechanically supported in its shape by the suction-side surface 23 so that the screen 22 does not change geometrically during the molding process and therefore ensures a shape accuracy for the formed part that is subsequently formed. The screen 22 is fastened in the suction head 21 (indicated on the lower side) with a reversible fastening means 28, designed here as clamping means, to the suction head 21. Additionally or alternatively, the screen 22 could also be fastened in at least some of the suction channels 23. Furthermore, the fiber 11 is an example of the molded fiber material 11, indicating how the fiber material 11 molds on the screen 22, so that the formed part is molded as a whole as a result of the suction of the pulp.

[0106] FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the suction tool 2 according to some embodiments in a lateral section. In this case, the suction tool 2 is a multi-tool with a plurality of suction heads 21. These suction heads are arranged on the suction side in a two-dimensional arrangement with four rows of 5 suction heads each. In other embodiments, multi-tools 2 can also have different numbers of rows and columns of suction heads 21. The suction tool 2 here comprises a base plate 26 with suction heads 21 mounted thereon and a gas line system 27 in the base plate 26. The base plate 26 is not to be understood here as a thin plate, but refers to the rear structure of the suction tool 2, which serves to connect the movement unit 4 and the suction heads 21. The gas line system 27 distributes the vacuum provided by a vacuum pump 5 as suction pressure SD to the suction heads 21 for sucking in the fiber material 11. The gas line system 27 here also comprises a compressed gas line 27d for applying compressed air to the suction heads 21 in order, for example, to release or eject the molded or preformed formed parts 11 from the suction heads 21. The gas line system 27 for the vacuum (suction pressure) for molding the formed parts 11 comprises one or more main gas lines 27h and secondary gas lines 27n, wherein the main gas lines 27h are provided for generating a pre-vacuum and the secondary gas lines 27n are provided as a supplement to the main gas lines 27h for achieving the suction pressure SD after contacting the suction tool 21 with the pulp 1. The main gas lines preferably have a large cross section, while the secondary gas lines have a smaller cross section. One or more valves 27v (here two valves 27v in the main gas line 27h) are arranged in the gas line system 27 to switch off the suction pressure SD at the suction heads 21 as soon as the suction tool has left the pulp 1 and/or to at least switch the secondary gas lines to the main lines as soon as the suction tool 2 is immersed in the pulp 1. The multi-tool 2 is connected to the robotic arm 4a via the interface 4s, comprising all media supply connections for the suction tool 2 with the movement unit 4. Movement unit 4 and suction tool 2 are configured to eject the formed parts 10 from the suction heads 21 of the suction tool 2 by means of compressed air provided by the compressed gas line 27d and distributed to the individual suction heads 21 via the base plate 26.

[0107] FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the suction tool 2 according to some embodiments with modules 29 (a) in a plan view of the suction side and (b) in a lateral section along the cutting plane A-B. The individual shapes of the suction heads 21 in the suction tool 2 as a multi-tool can differ at least in part, with the same shapes of the suction heads 21 being arranged adjacently in the suction tool 2 in respective separate modules 29. For example, in a first module 29 there are four suction heads for the production of larger cups, in a second module 29 six suction heads for the production of smaller cups, in a third module 29 two suction heads for the production of smaller bowls and in a fourth module 29 one suction head for the production of a larger bowl.

[0108] FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the molding and preforming stations 20, 30 according to some embodiments, with the molding station 20 being part of the preforming station 30 here. The molding station 20 comprises the suction tool 2 (designed here as a multi-tool) for sucking in the environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11 for molding 210 the formed part 10 out of a reservoir 6 with a pulp 1 as a liquid solution with the environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11 (further details on the suction head see FIGS. 1-5) and a movement unit 4, on which the suction tool 2 is mounted, and which is provided at least for placing or for partially immersing the suction tool 2 on or in the pulp 1. The preforming station 30 comprises the reservoir 6 with the pulp 1 as a liquid solution with the environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11 for molding the formed part 10 in the suction tool 2, arranged as a horizontal reservoir 6 that is open at the top, and a prepressing station 3 (designed here as a multi-tool) for preforming 220 of the formed part 10 already molded by means of the molding station 20 with a prepressing pressure VD for reducing a proportion of the liquid solution in the formed part 10 and for stabilizing the shape of the formed part 10. Furthermore, the preforming station 30 comprises a pulp preparation and replenishment unit 35 for replenishing the pulp 1 for the reservoir 6. For example, in the preparation and replenishment unit 35, the pulp is premixed from a solvent and a fiber material 11, finally mixed to form the production pulp 1, fed into the reservoir and/or reused from returns from the suction tool 2 and/or the prepress station 3, wherein, in this case, the proportion of the fiber material 11 has to be reset to the desired proportion so that the production pump does not thin out the fiber material 11 during the ongoing process. For this purpose, the pulp preparation and replenishment unit 35 comprises one or more containers (two shown here) for solvent and mixed pulp as well as a depot for the fiber material 11. The pulp preparation and replenishment unit 35 fills the reservoir 6 at least periodically, preferably continuously, as a function of the consumption of pulp by the molding of the formed part 10, in order to achieve a required fill level of the reservoir 6 and the desired proportion of fiber material 11 in the pulp 1 for molding. The prepressing station 3 can be arranged relative to the reservoir 6 and configured in such a way that the liquid solution removed from the formed part by the prepressing is fed back into the reservoir 6. For this purpose, the prepressing station 3 can be arranged in a vertical alignment above the reservoir 6 so that the liquid solution removed from the formed part by the prepressing flows back into the reservoir 6 from the prepressing station 3 directly into reservoir 6. In addition, the molding station 20 can be connected to the preforming station 30 via suitable lines (not shown here) in such a way that the liquid solution and/or fiber material 11 that has passed through the suction head 21 via the preforming station 30 is fed back into the pulp 1 by means of the pulp preparation and replenishment unit 35. The movement unit 4 here comprises a robotic arm 4a that can move freely in space and on which the suction tool 2 is mounted. The robotic arm 4a is connected to the suction tool 2 with a suitable interface 4s comprising all media supply connections for the suction tool 2. Depending on the application and the process, the movement unit 4 can be provided to completely immerse the suction heads 21 into the pulp 1 for contacting 120. The movement unit 4 is provided for transferring the formed parts 10 in the suction tool 2 to the prepressing station 3 of the preforming station 30 and to the hot-pressing station 40 and to eject them for the hot-pressing process at the latter. The movement unit 4 and the suction tool 2 are configured to leave the formed parts 10 in the suction tool 2 in the prepressing station 3. The prepressing is thus performed with a prepressing lower tool 31 and the suction tool 2 as the prepressing upper tool. In this case, the prepressing pressure can be exerted on the formed parts between the prepressing lower tool 31 and the suction tool 2, for example, by means of a hydraulically operated piston rod or by means of the robotic arm. The prepressing can be performed at a temperature of the prepressing station 3 of less than 80? C, preferably less than 50? C., particularly preferably at room temperature, wherein the prepressing pressure VD is between 0.2 N/mm.sup.2 and 0.3 N/mm.sup.2, preferably between 0.23 N/mm.sup.2 and 0.27 N/mm.sup.2. In an alternative embodiment, the prepressing (preforming) can also be performed with a membrane 32 as a prepressing lower tool 31 as a membrane press (not shown here). The suction tool 2 would then be inserted into the correspondingly shaped prepressing lower tool 31 with a positive form as the suction head suction side 21s. For membrane pressing, the membrane 32 would be configured as a flexible membrane. The prepressing pressure VD would be applied as gas pressure to the membrane 32 which is then pressed onto the outer contour of the formed part 10. As a result, pressure can also be exerted on surfaces of the formed part 10 that cannot be applied in this way by means of hydraulic pressing, since the gas pressure applies the membrane to all surfaces with the same pressure, independent of direction. The movement unit 4 and the suction tool 2 are also designed to eject the formed parts 10 in the hot-pressing station from the suction tool 2 for the subsequent hot-pressing. This can be done, for example, by means of compressed air, which ejects the formed parts 10 from the suction heads 21 of the suction tool 2.

[0109] FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the prepressing lower tool according to some embodiments as a multi-tool with a plurality of prepressing lower tools 31 adapted to the suction tool 2 (a) in a perspective view of the multi-tool and (b) in a lateral section of an individual prepressing lower tool in the multi-tool. The prepressing lower tool 31 is adapted here to a negative form of the suction heads 21 so that the formed part 11 can be placed onto the prepressing lower tool 31 in such a way that it is arranged between the prepressing lower tool 31 and the suction tool 2 so that the suction tool 2 can be pressed onto the prepressing lower tool 31 with the prepressing pressure VD. In this case, the prepressing lower tool 31 has a pressing surface 31a facing the formed part 10, which has a lower surface roughness than the screen 22 of the suction tool 2. The prepressing lower tool 31 can be made of metal, for example, or at least partially of an elastomer, preferably silicone. In the embodiments shown here, the prepressing lower tool 31 is made in part from an elastomer, in this case silicone. The prepressing lower tool 31 has a cavity 33 which is surrounded by a wall 34 made of the elastomer as a pressing surface 31a, wherein the prepressing station 3 is configured to apply gas pressure GD to the cavity 33 during prepressing in order to generate the prepressing pressure VD on the formed part 10 and suction tool 2 or at least to support the prepressing pressure exerted by the suction tool 2 with the gas pressure GD directed in the opposite direction (see FIG. 7b). In the multi-tool, the individual prepressing lower tools 31 are arranged on a common carrier plate 37, which is equipped as an interface to the prepressing station 3 for reversible attachment to the prepressing station and/or for supplying the individual prepressing lower tools 31 with gas pressure. Here, the carrier plate 37 also has a heating element 36 which extends over the surface of the carrier plate 37 in order to enable the prepressing lower tools 31 to be heated.

[0110] FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment of the hot-pressing station 40 according to some embodiments (a) in side view and (b) in perspective view comprising a hot-pressing lower tool 41 adapted to a contour 10i of the formed part 10 for receiving the formed part 10 and a hot-pressing upper tool 42, correspondingly adapted to the formed part 10, for placing onto or inserting into the formed part 10 along a closing direction SR of the hot-pressing station 40, wherein the hot-pressing lower tool 41 and the hot-pressing upper tool 42 apply a hot-pressing pressure HD to formed part 10 arranged between the hot-pressing lower tool 41 and the hot-pressing upper tool 42 during hot-pressing. In the case of a negative form of a suction tool 2, the hot-pressing lower tool 41 also has a negative form (as shown here) and is thus provided as an inner tool 40i in the hot-pressing station 40, while the hot-pressing upper tool 42 is placed on it as an outer tool 40a for hot-pressing. In the case of a positive form of the suction tool 2 (not shown here), the hot-pressing lower tool 41 would also have a positive form and would be provided as an outer tool 40a, while the hot-pressing upper tool 42 would be inserted in the hot-pressing lower tool 41 as an inner tool 40i for hot-pressing. The hot-pressing lower tool 41 and the hot-pressing upper tool 42 are designed here as complementary multi-tools with a plurality of hot-pressing lower tools 41 and hot-pressing upper tools 42 arranged on respective carrier plates 45 for the respective hot-pressing lower tools 41 and hot-pressing upper tools 42. The carrier plates 45 are laterally movably mounted in the hot-pressing station 40 (see FIG. 8b) to enable the respective hot-pressing lower tools 41 and hot-pressing upper tools 42 to be changed as multi-tools outside of a process space of the hot-pressing station 40. The carrier plate 45 of the hot-pressing upper tools 42 of the multi-tool is provided with gas lines in order to, depending on the process step, apply a vacuum in the respective hot-pressing upper tools 42 to hold the formed parts 10 in and/or an overpressure to eject the final-shaped formed parts 10 from the hot-pressing upper tools 42. The hot-pressing upper tool 42 can then be used to eject the final-shaped formed parts 10 for further transport, for example, onto a conveyor belt 95 connected to the hot-pressing station. For this purpose, the carrier plate 45 can be moved from the hot-pressing position into an ejection position. Furthermore, expansion means 47 for compensating for thermal expansion effects are arranged between the carrier plate 45 and a holder 46 for the carrier plate 45. Thermally insulating material 44 can be arranged between the carrier plate 45 and the holder 46, see, for example, FIG. 9.

[0111] FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the hot-pressing lower tool 41 and hot-pressing upper tool 42 of the hot-pressing station 40 from FIG. 8 during hot-pressing. The respective hot-pressing sides 41a, 42a of the hot-pressing lower tool 41 and the hot-pressing upper tool 42 facing the formed part 10 are heated by means of electric heating cartridges 43. The heating cartridges 43 in the hot-pressing lower tool 41 and hot-pressing upper tool 42 are configured and arranged in such a way that the hot-pressing sides 41a, 42a can be heated to temperatures greater than 150? C., preferably between 180? C. and 250? ? C. The heating cartridges 43 can be controlled in such a way that the temperatures of the hot-pressing lower tool 41 and the hot-pressing upper tool 42 differ, wherein the hot-pressing upper tool 42 can have a higher temperature than the hot-pressing lower tool 41; the temperatures preferably differ by at least 25? C., preferably not more than 60? C., more preferably around 50? ? C. For this purpose, the heating cartridges 43 are arranged close to the contour of the formed part 10 in the respective hot-pressing upper tools 42 and hot-pressing lower tools 41, and the respective hot-pressing upper tools 42 and hot-pressing lower tools 41 are made of metal. Here, a heating cartridge 43 is arranged centrally in the inner tool 40i parallel to the closing direction SR with a first heating output, while in the outer tool six heating cartridges 43 with second heating outputs are arranged concentrically around the closing direction SR parallel to the hot-pressing side 41a, 42a of the inner tool 40i, wherein the first heating output is greater than the second heating output. Furthermore, here the hot-pressing upper tools 42 comprise a covering 44 made of a thermally insulating material on the sides facing away from the formed part 10.

[0112] FIG. 10 shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the hot-pressing lower tool 41 and hot-pressing upper tool 42 of the hot-pressing station 40 from FIG. 8 during hot-pressing. After prepressing has taken place, the prepressed formed part 10 is transferred to the hot-pressing station 40 by means of the suction tool 2, wherein the formed part 10 is removed from the suction tool 2 for subsequent hot-pressing. The hot-pressing station 40 comprises a hot-pressing lower tool 41 with a hot-pressing side 41a adapted to a contour of the formed part 10 and a hot-pressing upper tool 42, wherein the formed part 10 is placed from the suction tool 2 onto the hot-pressing lower tool 41 (here with a negative form. With a positive form, it would be inserted into the hot-pressing lower tool). During hot-pressing, the hot-pressing upper tool 42 is then pressed onto the hot-pressing lower tool 41 with the formed part 10 arranged in between. The hot-pressing lower tool 41 may be made of metal. The hot-pressing lower tool 41 also comprises channels 41k to its hot-pressing side 41a, with which the liquid solution can be at least partially removed from the formed part 10 during hot-pressing. These channels 41k can have a diameter of less than or equal to 1.0 mm, at least on the hot-pressing side. In this case, the channels can have any suitable geometry as a cross-sectional area. For example, the channels 41k have a round or elliptical cross section. The hot-pressing upper tool 42 is adapted to the contour of the formed part 10 at least with the side 42i facing the formed part; the hot-pressing upper tool 42 is preferably also made of metal. Different temperatures can be used for the hot-pressing lower tool 41 and the hot-pressing upper tool 42 during hot-pressing; preferably, the hot-pressing upper tool 42 has a higher temperature than the hot-pressing lower tool 41, the temperatures differing by at least 25? C., preferably not more than 60? C., particularly preferably by 50? C. The hot-pressing can be performed at a temperature greater than 150? C., preferably between 180? C. and 250? C. The hot-pressing 140 is performed at the hot-pressing pressure HD that is higher than the prepressing pressure VD. The hot-pressing pressure HD can be between 0.5 N/mm.sup.2 and 1.5 N/mm.sup.2, preferably between 0.8 N/mm.sup.2 and 1.2 N/mm.sup.2, wherein said pressure preferably is applied for a pressing time of less than 20 s, preferably for more than 8 s, more preferably between 10 and 14 s, even more preferably 12 s.

[0113] FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of the fiber-forming system 100 according to some embodiments for producing formed parts 10 from environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11, comprising a reservoir 6 for providing a pulp 1 as a liquid solution with environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11 as part of the preforming station 30. In a molding station 20, a movement unit 4 immerses a suction tool 2 attached to it, which has a suction head 21 with a three-dimensionally shaped suction head suction side 21s, the shape of which is adapted to a contour of the later formed part 10, into the pulp 1. The pulp is provided by a pulp processing and replenishment unit 35 and is continuously renewed and replenished during operation. The movement unit 4 is designed here as a robot with a robotic arm 4a that can move freely in space. A robot 4 can carry out precise and reproducible movements in a confined space and is therefore particularly suitable for guiding the suction tool 2 between the pulp reservoir 6 and the prepressing station 3 of the preforming station 30. The suction tool 2 is connected to the robotic arm 4a via an interface 4s. Such an interface 4s enables a quick change of the suction tool 2, if necessary. The suction tool 2 is configured to mold the formed part 10 by sucking the environmentallyfriendly-degradable fiber material 11 onto the suction head suction side 21s by means of suction pressure SD (vacuum) in the suction tool 2. The prepressing station 3 is provided for prepressing the molded formed part 10 with a prepressing pressure VD to reduce a proportion of the liquid solution in the formed part 10 and to stabilize its shape. The hot-pressing station 40, shown here with the hot-pressing lower tool 41 extended to take over the preformed formed parts 10 from the suction tool 2, is provided with a hot-pressing pressure HD for hot-pressing the prepressed formed part 10 and thus for the final shaping of the formed part 10 and for further reducing the proportion of the liquid solution provided in the formed part 10. The ejection unit 70 then ejects the final-shaped formed part 10. To control the process performed, the fiber-forming system 100 comprises a control unit 50 which is suitably connected to the other components 20, 30, 35, 40, 60, 70, 80, 90 of the fiber-forming system 100 in order to control these components, including a cutting unit 80 and/or a stacking unit 90 and/or a conveyor belt 95. In particular, the fiber-forming system 100 can additionally comprise a coating unit 60 for applying one or more functional coatings to the formed part 10.

[0114] FIG. 12 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the method 200 according to some embodiments for the production of formed parts 10 from environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11 by means of a fiber-forming process in a fiber-forming system according to some embodiments comprising subsequent steps of molding 210 the formed part in a molding station 20 according to some embodiments from a reservoir 6 with a pulp 1 as a liquid solution with the environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11; preforming 220 the formed part 10 in a preforming station 30 according to some embodiments; final shaping 230 the preformed part 10 in a hot-pressing station 40 according to some embodiments; and ejecting 240 the final-shaped formed part 10 from the fiber-forming system 100 according to some embodiments.

Mold Body for a Pre-Pressing Tool, and Pre-Pressing Tool

[0115] The production of fiber-containing products from a pulp generally takes place in several work steps. For example, fibers can be suctioned in a cavity of a suction tool, thus forming a preform. For this purpose, the pulp is provided in a pulp supply, and the suction tool is at least partially immersed in the pulp with at least one suction cavity whose geometry essentially corresponds to the product to be manufactured. During the immersion, suction takes place via openings in the suction cavity, which are connected to a corresponding suction device, wherein fibers from the pulp accumulate on the surface of the suction cavity. Alternatively, suction can be provided by means of scooping, wherein a scoop tool is immersed in the pulp and during startup fibers are deposited on molded parts of the scoop tool. After this, the suctioned fibers are pressed to form finished molded parts.

[0116] Thus, it is an object to provide a solution for forming products made of fiber containing materials which eliminates the problems of the prior art wherein products made of fiber containing materials have poor quality. It is another object to provide tooling for forming products made of fiber containing materials with high quality which does not have a negative effect on the forming process. It is a further object to provide a simple configuration of forming parts for manufacturing products made of fiber containing materials, wherein the costs relating to servicing, maintenance and operation are reduced.

[0117] The above-mentioned problem is solved by a mold body for a pre-pressing tool for pressing three-dimensional preforms made of a fiber-containing material where the mold body includes a deformable material and is perforated at least in portions.

[0118] As a result of the perforated design, gas or gas mixture introduced for deformation, such as compressed or ambient air, which primarily presses a preform against a corresponding wall of a cavity via the elastic mold body, can additionally penetrate a moist preform and in the process support the drainage during pressing. Furthermore, excessively high pressure can thus be prevented, such that the elastic mold body can be deformed more uniformly. As a result, preforms can thus be better drained because the pressure is distributed evenly over the entire surface and the air flow through the preform additionally discharges water due to the saturation of the preform.

[0119] In further embodiments, the mold body can substantially image the geometry of the preform on an outer surface. In this way, preforms that have been introduced can be pressed when a pre-pressing tool is closed, even before compressed air or the like is introduced in order to deform the elastic mold body.

[0120] In further embodiments, the mold body can have a substantially identical or uniform wall thickness in wall and floor sections of three-dimensional preforms. It is thus possible to deform the elastic material substantially uniformly. In this way it is possible to prevent sections of preforms from being pressed to different degrees and with differences in terms of time.

[0121] In further embodiments, the mold body can have a larger radius at an inner surface in transitions from wall and floor sections than at a corresponding transition at an outer surface. A substantially uniform wall thickness of the elastic mold body in the molding or pre-pressing section can thus also be provided in such transitions. Furthermore, this assists uniform deformation when the mold body is subjected to pressure, since the pressure or the deformation of the flexible material takes place uniformly with the adjacent sections, which generally have a flat and uniform extension. In embodiments with smaller radii on an inner side than on the outer side, a stronger deformation relative to the adjacent sections can occur on the outer side.

[0122] In yet further embodiments, the mold body can have a reduced material thickness at an inner surface in transitions from wall and floor sections, as a result of which the expansion is deliberately greater when compressed air or the like is introduced, such as in adjacent sections.

[0123] In further embodiments, the mold body can be concave in wall and/or floor sections. This allows the expansion of the molded part to be staggered when the mold body is deformed, in order to achieve specific wall or floor designs, for example. For example, it may be required to press these sections to a lesser degree because less fiber material is contained, for example at an edge.

[0124] In further embodiments, the mold body can be silicone or include silicone. Silicone has proven to be advantageous as a material for pre-pressing since it can be used within a wide temperature range and, depending on the mixture and design, is sufficiently flexible but at the same time withstands sufficient pressure for pre-pressing.

[0125] In further embodiments, the mold body can have, with respect to a wall section and floor section, a greater material thickness in a connection section for a pre-pressing tool. The connection section is the location at which the mold body is connected to a pre-pressing tool. High loads occur in the connection section when the tool closes, and therefore sufficient rigiditywhich also counteracts damageis thereby provided.

[0126] In further embodiments, a connection section of the mold body for a prepressing tool can extend in an edge section for accommodating an edge of a preform. The connection section can in this case also provide, for example, at least partly, a molding and pre-pressing section.

[0127] In further embodiments, the mold body can have an integrated connection unit in a connection section for a pre-pressing tool. The mold body can be connected or connectable to a tool component of a pre-pressing tool, for example a tool plate, via the connection unit. An integrated design includes, for example, embodiments in which the connection unit is completely or almost completely surrounded by the flexible material of the mold body.

[0128] In further embodiments, the connection unit can be or include a metal or a metal alloy. A connection unit designed in this way can, for example, enter into a form-fitting connection or an integral bond to a tool plate or the like.

[0129] In further embodiments, the connection unit can have at least one connection element. A (direct) connection to a tool component (for example, tool plate) can take place via the at least one connection element.

[0130] In further embodiments, the at least one connection element can be or have a groove, a threaded hole, a pin, a screw or a latching opening. Thus, for example, a mold body with a connection unit designed as a ring can be connected via screws and corresponding threaded holes to a tool component of a pre-pressing tool.

[0131] In further embodiments, the connection section can have integrated edge ventilation for an edge of preforms. Thus, for the pre-pressing, an additional air supply can thus be provided over the entire surface, such that preforms can be treated uniformly over the entire surface during the pre-pressing.

[0132] The aforementioned problem is also solved by a pre-pressing tool having at least one mold body according to any of the aforementioned embodiments for pressing three-dimensional preforms made of a fiber-containing material, wherein the preforms have a moisture content of at least 50 wt. %, the tool having a first tool component having at least one support structure for a mold body made of a deformable material and a second tool component having a corresponding cavity, wherein, in the closed state of the prepressing tool, a mold cavity for pressing preforms is formed between an outer surface of the mold body and an inner wall of the corresponding cavity.

[0133] In further embodiments, the at least one support structure can have at least one channel via which a gas or gas mixture (e.g. (compressed) air) can be introduced between a surface of the at least one support structure and an inner surface of the mold body in order to deform the support structure and press a preform introduced into the mold cavity against the inner wall of the cavity via the outer surface of the at least one mold body.

[0134] In further embodiments, the at least one cavity can have openings for discharging water that escapes from preforms during a pre-pressing process.

[0135] In further embodiments, the at least one mold body can be detachably connected to a tool plate of the first tool component. In this way, it is possible to replace specifically only mold bodies that are damaged or contaminated and have to be replaced or cleaned. It is therefore not necessary to replace, for example, a tool plate having a plurality of molding and support structures of a tool component.

[0136] In further embodiments, the at least one mold body can have a portion that immerses in the at least one cavity in a connection section, which immersing portion is not used for pressing and, when immersing, causes fiber-containing material to push together in edge sections of preforms. The edge formation of preforms can thus be considerably improved so that subsequent processing, such as spraying by means of a spray bar to remove protruding fibers, or punching, can be dispensed with.

[0137] In further embodiments, the height of the immersing portion can be at least twice as great as the material thickness of the at least one mold body in a wall or base section.

[0138] In further embodiments, the at least one support structure for the at least one mold body can be replaceably connected to a tool plate of the first tool component. Thus, not only the mold body but also the associated support structure can be replaced. This makes it possible to retrofit a tool plate of a tool component onto other mold bodies and support structures in order to carry out pre-pressing of other preforms, for example. The pre-pressing unit having the pre-pressing tool therefore does not have to be replaced as a whole, which considerably reduces the costs of providing a pre-pressing tool.

[0139] In some embodiments, the aforementioned problem is solved by a mold body for a pre-pressing tool for pressing three-dimensional preforms made of a fiber-containing material where the mold body includes a deformable material and is perforated at least in portions, and where the mold body has, with respect to a wall section and floor section, a greater material thickness in a connection section for a prepressing tool.

[0140] The connection section is the location at which the mold body is connected to a pre-pressing tool. High loads occur in the connection section when the tool closes, and therefore sufficient rigiditywhich also counteracts damageis provided by means of the stronger design. In addition, preforms can thus be pre-pressed in an edge section, as described below in exemplary embodiments. For this purpose, a sufficiently stable pressing surface, or a press-mating surface relative to a further tool, is provided by the stronger wall thickness and overall stronger design, which can be reinforced by at least one insert made of metal (e.g., connection unit).

[0141] In some embodiments, the aforementioned problem is solved by a mold body for a pre-pressing tool for pressing three-dimensional preforms made of a fiber-containing material where the mold body includes a deformable material and has, with respect to a wall section and floor section, a greater material thickness in a connection section for a pre-pressing tool, and where the mold body has an integrated connection unit in the connection section for a pre-pressing tool.

[0142] The connection section is the location at which the mold body is connected to a pre-pressing tool and can be connected to a tool part via the connection unit. The mold body can be connected or connectable, for example to a tool component of a prepressing tool, for example a tool plate, via the connection unit. An integrated design includes, for example, embodiments in which the connection unit is completely or almost completely surrounded by the flexible material of the mold body.

[0143] The ability to replace a mold body via the connection unit makes it possible to perform a tool change and provide maintenance without an entire tool plate having a plurality of mold bodies as a whole having to be replaced or serviced.

[0144] In various embodiments, the aforementioned problem is also solved by a prepressing tool having at least one mold body according to any of the preceding embodiments for pressing three-dimensional preforms made of a fiber-containing material, wherein the preforms have a moisture content of at least 50 wt. %, the tool having a first tool component having at least one support structure for a mold body made of a deformable material with a connection unit integrated in the connection section, and a second tool component having a corresponding cavity, wherein, in the closed state of the pre-pressing tool, a mold cavity for pressing preforms is formed between an outer surface of the mold body and an inner wall of the corresponding cavity, and wherein the at least one mold body is detachably connected to the first tool component via the at least one connection unit.

[0145] In this way, it is possible to replace specifically only mold bodies that are damaged or contaminated and have to be replaced or cleaned. It is therefore not necessary to replace, for example, a tool plate of the first tool component having a plurality of molding and support structures of a tool component.

[0146] As described above, it is possible to form products made of fiber containing materials wherein devices for pre-pressing that have elastic mold bodies provide sufficiently deforming of pre-pressed preforms to different degrees over the geometry of the preforms, such that pre-pressed preforms do not have different thicknesses and moisture content due to poor tool configuration. In addition, the teachings disclosed herein prevent preforms remaining adhering to the pre-pressing tool or suction tool and/or tearing. Furthermore, damage of preforms in a subsequent hot pressing process due to preforms with sections that are moist to different degrees and dry at different rates are prevented by the teachings disclosed herein.

[0147] Further high costs and efforts in the service lives of a pre-pressing tool are prevented, since the flexible material, which is connected to a corresponding tool plate and which has to be replaced over time does not result in replacing a whole tool plate which has multiple flexible mold bodies arranged thereon, even if only one flexible mold body is damaged, since the elastic bodies are each removeable connected to a tool plate. The costs for maintenance can thus be reduced by the teachings disclosed herein.

[0148] In addition, due to the configuration of the mold body, fraying of edges of pre-pressed preforms does not occur, so that removing (e.g. cutting) frays in a complex manner in downstream steps is not necessary and can be omitted. Thus, the manufacturing is less expensive and less complex saving costs and process time.

[0149] FIG. 13 shows a schematic representation of a fiber processing device 1000 for producing three-dimensional molded parts from a fiber-containing material. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the fiber-containing material for the production of molded parts is processed in a pulp tank 250 of the fiber processing device 1000. For this purpose, water and fibrous materials as well as additives, if any, can be introduced into a pulp tank 250 via a liquid supply, and the pulp can be prepared in the pulp tank 250 by mixing the individual components with heat input and by auxiliary means, such as an agitator.

[0150] Pulp refers to an aqueous solution containing fibers, wherein the fiber content of the aqueous solution can be in a range of 0.1 to 10 wt. %. In addition, additives such as starch, chemical additives, wax, etc. can be contained. The fibers can be, for example, natural fibers, such as cellulose fibers, or fibers from a fiber-containing original material (for example waste paper). A fiber treatment plant offers the possibility of preparing pulp in a large quantity and providing several fiber processing devices 1000.

[0151] The fiber processing device 1000 can be used to produce, for example, biodegradable cups 3000, capsules, trays, plates, and other molded and/or packaged parts (e.g., as holder/supporting structures for electronic appliances). Since a fibrous pulp with natural fibers is used as the starting material for the products, the products manufactured in this way can themselves be used as a starting material for the manufacture of such products after their use, or they can be composted, because they can usually be completely decomposed and do not contain any substances that are harmful to the environment.

[0152] The fiber processing device 1000 shown in FIG. 13 has a frame 150 which can be surrounded by a cladding. The supply units 300 of the fiber processing device 1000 comprise, for example, interfaces for the supply of media (for example, water, pulp, compressed air, gas, etc.) and energy (power supply), a central control unit 310, at least one suction device 320, line systems for the various media, pumps, valves, lines, sensors, measuring devices, a bus system, etc., and interfaces for bidirectional communication via a wired and/or wireless data connection. Instead of a wired data connection, there can also be a data connection via a fiber optic line. The data connection can be, for example, between the control unit 310 and a central controller for multiple fiber processing devices 1000, to a fiber preparation plant, to a service point, and/or further devices. It is also possible to control the fiber processing device 1000 via a bidirectional data connection via a mobile device, such as a smartphone, tablet computer, or the like.

[0153] The control unit 310 is in bidirectional communication with an HMI panel 700 via a bus system or a data connection. The HMI (Human Machine Interface) panel 700 has a display which displays operating data and states of the fiber processing device 1000 for selectable components or the entire fiber processing device 1000. The display can be designed as a touch display so that adjustments can be made manually by an operator of the fiber processing device 1000. Additionally or alternatively, further input means, such as a keyboard, a joystick, a keypad, etc. for operator inputs, can be provided on the HMI panel 700. In this way, settings can be changed and the operation of the fiber processing device 1000 can be influenced.

[0154] The fiber processing device 1000 has a robot 500. The robot 500 is designed as a so-called 6-axis robot and is thus able to pick up parts within its radius of action, to rotate them and to move them in all spatial directions. Instead of the robot 500 shown in the figures, other handling devices can also be provided that are designed to pick up and twist or rotate products and move them in the various spatial directions. In addition, such a handling device may also be otherwise configured, in which case the arrangement of the corresponding stations of the fiber processing device 1000 may differ from the exemplary embodiment shown.

[0155] A suction tool 520 is arranged on the robot 500. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the suction tool 520 has cavities formed as negatives of the three-dimensional molded parts to be formed, e.g., cups 3000, as suction cavities 522. The suction cavities 522 can have, for example, a net-like surface on which fibers from the pulp are deposited during the suction. Behind the net-like surfaces, the cavities are connected to a suctioning device via channels in the suction tool 520. The suctioning device can be realized, for example, by a suction device 320 or a fan. Pulp can be suctioned in via the suctioning device when the suction tool 520 is located within the pulp tank 250 in such a way that the suction cavities 522 are at least partially located in the aqueous fiber solution, the pulp. A vacuum, or a negative pressure, for suctioning fibers, when the suction tool 520 is located in the pulp tank 250 and the pulp, can be provided via the suction device 320. For this purpose, the fiber processing device 1000 has corresponding means at the supply units 300. The suction tool 520 has lines for providing the vacuum/negative pressure from the suction device 320 in the supply units 300 to the suction tool 520 and the openings in the suction cavities 522. Valves are arranged in the lines, which can be controlled via the control unit 310 and thus regulate the suction of the fibers. It is also possible for the suction device 320 to perform a blow-out instead of a suction, for which purpose the suction device 320 is switched to another operating mode in accordance with its design.

[0156] During the production of molded parts made of a fiber material, the suction tool 520 is immersed in the pulp and a negative pressure/vacuum is applied to the openings of the suction cavities 522 so that fibers are suctioned out of the pulp and are deposited for example on the network of suction cavities 522 in the suction tool 520.

[0157] Thereafter, the robot 500 lifts the suction tool 520 out of the pulp tank 250 and moves said tool together with the fibers that are adhering to the suction cavities 522 and still have a relatively high moisture content of, e.g., over 80 wt. % water, to the prepressing station 400 of the fiber processing device 1000, the negative pressure being maintained in the suction cavities 522 for the transfer. The pre-pressing station 400 has a pre-pressing tool with prepress molds 410. The prepress molds 410 can be formed, for example, as positives of the molded parts to be manufactured and have a corresponding size with regard to the shape of the molded parts in order to receive the fibers adhering in the suction cavities 522.

[0158] During the production of molded parts, the suction tool 520 is moved, with the fibers adhering in the suction cavities 522, to the pre-pressing station 400 in such a way that the fibers are pressed into or against the suction cavities 522. The fibers are pressed together in the suction cavities 522, so that a stronger connection is thereby produced between the fibers. In addition, the moisture content of the preforms formed from the suctioned-in fibers is reduced, so that the preforms formed after the pre-pressing only have a moisture content of, for example, 60 wt. %. To squeeze out water, flexible prepress molds 410 can be used, which are inflated, for example, by means of compressed air (process air), and in the process press the fibers against the wall of a suction cavity 522 in a further suction tool part. As a result of the inflation, both water is squeezed out, and the thickness of the sucked-in fiber layer is reduced.

[0159] During the pre-pressing, liquid or pulp can be extracted and returned via the suction tool 520 and/or via further openings in prepress molds 410 or pre-pressing tool parts (cavities).

[0160] After pre-pressing in the pre-pressing station 400, the preforms produced in this way are moved to a hot pressing station 600 on the suction tool 520 via the robot 500. For this purpose, the negative pressure is maintained at the suction tool 520 so that the preforms remain in the suction cavities 522. The preforms are transferred via the suction tool 520 to a lower tool body 620 which can be moved along the production line out of the hot pressing device 610. If the lower tool body 620 is in its extended position, the suction tool 520 is moved to the lower tool body 620 in such a way that the preforms can be placed on forming devices of the lower tool body 620. Subsequently, an overpressure is generated via the openings in the suction tool 520 so that the preforms are actively deposited by the suction cavities 522, or the suction is ended, so that the preforms remain on the forming devices of the lower tool body 620 due to gravity. By providing overpressure at the openings of the suction cavities 522, pre-pressed preforms resting/adhering in the suction cavities 522 can be released and dispensed.

[0161] Thereafter, the suction tool 520 is moved away via the robot 500 and the suction tool 520 is dipped into the pulp tank 250 in order to suction further fibers for the production of molded parts from fiber-containing material.

[0162] After the transfer of the preforms, the lower tool body 620 moves into the hot pressing station 600. In the hot pressing station 600, the preforms are pressed under heat and high pressure so as to produce finished molded parts, for which purpose an upper tool body 630 is brought onto the lower tool body 620 via a press. The upper tool body 630 has cavities corresponding to the forming devices. After the hot-pressing process, the lower tool body 620 and the upper tool body 630 are moved away from one another, and the upper tool body 630 is moved along the fiber processing device 1000 in the manufacturing direction; then, after the hot pressing, the molded parts are suctioned in via the upper tool body 630 and thus remain within the cavities. Thus, the manufactured molded parts are brought out of the hot pressing station 600 and deposited via the upper tool body 630 after traveling on a transport belt of a conveying device 800. After the molded parts are deposited, the suction via the upper tool body 630 is ended and the molded parts remain on the transport belt. The upper tool body 630 moves back into the hot-pressing station 600, and a further hot-pressing process can be carried out. Alternatively, the lower tool body 620 can be moved in an opposite direction prior to being extended to receive the preforms in order to move the manufactured products/molded parts out of the hot pressing device for further transport.

[0163] The fiber processing device 1000 further has a conveying device 800 with a transport belt. The manufactured molded parts made of fiber-containing material can be placed on the transport belt after the final molding and the hot pressing in the hot pressing station 600 and discharged from the fiber processing device 1000. In further embodiments, after placing the molded parts on the transport belt of the conveying device 800, further processing can take place, such as filling and/or stacking the products. The stacking can take place, for example, via an additional robot or another device.

[0164] The fiber processing device 1000 from FIG. 13 shows a possible embodiment. A fiber processing device according to the technical teaching described herein can also have only one forming station with a replaceable tool, e.g., a suction tool 520 or a hot press tool, in which fiber-containing material can be processed, it being possible for different tools for producing different three-dimensional molded parts to be received in the at least one forming station. The further stations and devices shown for the fiber processing device 1000 of FIG. 13 are not absolutely necessary for implementing the technical teaching.

[0165] FIG. 14 shows a schematic sectional view of a prepress mold 410 having a mold body 420 made of an elastic material 422 (e.g., silicone) and a support structure 440 of a pre-pressing tool of a pre-pressing station 400. FIG. 14 also schematically shows a tool body 402 of the pre-pressing tool of a pre-pressing station 400 and a tool body 526 of the suction tool 520.

[0166] The elastic material 422 is perforated and has a plurality of small openings, as indicated schematically in FIG. 14 by the openings 428. The diameter of the perforation or of the openings 428 is preferably in the range of 0.4 to 1.5 mm.

[0167] The mold body 420 is arranged on the support structure 440. The inner surface of the elastic, elastic material 422 rests on the support structure 440 in the inactive state in which it is not subjected to pressure. The support structure 440 is a metal or a metal alloy. Preferably, the material of the support structure 440 has aluminum or consists essentially of aluminum. In further embodiments, other suitable materials can also be used for the support structure 440. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the support structure 440 is solid. In further embodiments, the interior of support structures 440 can be designed to be substantially hollow or have free spaces. This can save weight for a pre-pressing tool, for example.

[0168] The support structure 440 is connected to the tool body 402 of the pre-pressing tool via fastening means (e.g., screws), not shown. Support structures 440 can thus be replaced for a tool change or for cleaning purposes. In further embodiments, support structures 440 can also be fixedly connected to a tool body 402 or formed integrally with a tool body 402.

[0169] The support structure 440 has, at its lower floor section shown in FIG. 14, a connector 444. From the connector 444, a channel 446 extends in the solid support structure 440 as a main channel to at least one further channel 448, in the embodiment shown to a plurality of further channels 448 which have a smaller diameter in comparison with the channel 446 in the exemplary embodiment shown. The design and number in the sectional view are represented by way of example and can deviate from the representation in further embodiments.

[0170] The channels 448 end at an outer surface of the support structure 440, at which the flexible material 422 of the mold body 420 rests in the inactive state. A feed channel 404 having a connector corresponding to the connector 444 is provided in the tool body 402. Compressed air can be introduced into the channel 446 and the channels 448 via the feed channel 404. The compressed air introduced then flows out of the support structure 440 and causes a deformation or inflation of the flexible material 422 of the mold body 420. Depending on thickness and the material used for the flexible material 422, the number and design of the channels 446, 448, the pressure and volume flow of the compressed air introduced, as well as other factors such as the perforation of the flexible material 422, the deformability of the mold body 420 can be influenced and controlled. In further embodiments, the surface of the support structure 440 and/or the inner side of the mold body can have structures (channels, grooves, etc.) which support the distribution over the entire surface of the mold body 420 when compressed air flows in. For example, channels 448 can have a greater diameter at their end in the outer surface of the support structure 440. Furthermore, openings in the outer surface of the support structure 440 connected with the channels 448 can be funnel-shaped so as to support air distribution over an area between the flexible material 422 and the outer surface of the support structure 440.

[0171] In the exemplary embodiment shown, the flexible material 422 of the mold body 420 has substantially the same wall or material thickness in a floor section 424 and in a wall section 426, so that deformation is uniform when compressed air is introduced into the space between the flexible material 422 and the surface of the support structure 440. It is thereby achieved that fiber-containing material of a preform is pressed uniformly, so that the fiber-containing material of the preform has a substantially uniform moisture content after the pre-pressing. As a result of the perforation of the flexible material 422, air is additionally guided through the fiber-containing material of a preform for dehumidification. The formation of the perforation and the compressed air introduced are to be coordinated in such a way that the deformation of the flexible material 422 takes place to a sufficient extent in order to provide the required pressing pressure that is required to squeeze out water from the relatively moist preforms.

[0172] The flexible material 422 has, in transitions from the floor section 424 to the wall sections 426 on the inner side, a radius R.sub.i which is greater than the radius R.sub.a of the flexible material 422 on the outer side. This supports uniform deformation of the flexible material 422 in the transitions from the floor section 424 to the edge sections 426. The uniform wall thickness of the flexible material 422 extends substantially over the mold body 420 surface (product section) that is in contact with the preform to be pressed during pre-pressing. The pre-pressing of an edge of preforms generally takes place in the pressing direction of the suction tool 520 to the pre-pressing tool, such an edge of a preform being supported in this case in the horizontal portion (shown in FIG. 14) of a connection section 430 of the mold body 420. The pressure on the edge of a preform is generated by pressure of the suction tool 520 against the pre-pressing tool. In FIG. 14, the pre-pressing takes place from above via the suction tool 520 with the tool body 526 downwards against the tool body 402 with the prepress mold 410. It is therefore not necessary to apply compressed air to the flexible material 422 in the edge section of preforms in order to achieve inflation. For the ventilation of the edge of a preform, the contact section of the flexible material 422 in the connection section 430 has openings, as for a preform through the perforation in the floor section 424 and wall section 426. The air for the edge ventilation is fed in via a channel 432, which is also connected to the channel 446. The connection between the channel 432 and the channel 446, like the openings in the edge section, is shown in FIG. 15.

[0173] To fasten the mold body 420 to the support structure 440, the mold body 420 has a ring 434 in the connection section 430. The ring 434 preferably is a metal (e.g., aluminum) or an alloy and, in the exemplary embodiment shown, has a plurality of preferably evenly distributed threaded holes via which the ring 434 is connected to the support structure 440 by means of screws 450. In further embodiments, a direct connection to a tool body 402 can also be realized via such a ring 434. The mold body 420 is thus replaceable so that, during a tool change or for cleaning and maintenance purposes, it is no longer necessary for an entire pre-pressing tool to be replaced, as is usually the case in the prior art.

[0174] In the exemplary embodiment shown, the support structure 440 has a substantially annular receptacle 442 in which the connection section 430 of the mold body 420 is received. The receptacle is adapted to the design of a connection section 430 and, in further embodiments, can also be designed to be angular or oval, depending on the design of the connection section 430 and the corresponding product geometry of a preform to be pre-pressed.

[0175] The flexible material 422 almost completely surrounds the ring 434 in the connection section 430. The ring 434 is accessible only in the section of the threaded holes. A ring 434 can be cast during the production of mold bodies 420.

[0176] The connection section 430 has a relatively large wall thickness at its outer edge 436 at a height H which is at least twice as large as the wall thickness in the product section. This increases the service life of the mold body 420. In addition, it provides a sufficient contact surface relative to the tool body 526 so that fibers that project over or out of the cavity in the interior of suction cavities 522 are pushed into the suction cavity 522 when the pre-pressing tool is closed or during the relative movement of the prepressing tool toward the suction tool 520. In this portion, the flexible material 422 serves as a wiper strip or block and prevents the formation of frayed edges in preforms and finished pressed or hot-pressed products. An additional station in fiber processing devices 1000 can thus be dispensed with.

[0177] During pre-pressing, the suction tool 520 with the suction cavities 522 is moved to the pre-pressing tool. Fibers from the pulp are deposited on nets or other similarly designed surfaces in the suction cavities 522. FIG. 14 shows part of a suction cavity 522 with channels 524 for suctioning in fibers from a pulp and for suctioning the fibers in order to hold the suctioned filter cakes or preforms. Furthermore, water is suctioned out of the filter cake and the preforms via the channels 524. The squeezed-out water is thereby removed, in particular during pre-pressing. The net, which is not shown in detail in FIG. 14, is located on the surface of the suction cavities 522.

[0178] During the relative movement of the suction tool 520 and the pre-pressing tool, the outer edge 436 of the connection section 430 first comes into contact with the inner wall surface of the tool body 526 (see FIG. 14). Any fibers protruding from or beyond the suction cavity 522 are pushed by the flexible material 422, as in the case of a sealing lip, into the suction cavity 522 during the relative movement. After the tool body 526 has come into contact with the tool body 402, as shown in FIG. 14, the pre-pressing process can be started. In further embodiments, the pre-pressing process can be started even before this position has been reached, for which purpose compressed air is introduced into the mold body 420 for deformation, as described above. Uniform deformation of the flexible material 422 takes place in the process and thus a uniform pre-pressing. In addition, during the relative movement of the suction tool 520 and the pre-pressing tool, the edge of preforms is pressed. By holding the preforms in the suction tool 520, water is continuously suctioned in by suction, including in the edge section.

[0179] At the latest after reaching the position shown in FIG. 14, the mold body 420 is deformed or maximally deformed according to the desired pre-pressing effect and drainage. The preform is drained and the wall thickness of the preform is reduced. Preforms are located within the mold cavity 530 (shown in FIG. 14) between the outer surface of the mold body 420 and the inner surface of the suction cavity 522 or the net or net-like structure arranged therein. It can be seen from FIG. 14 that the mold cavity 530 is reduced in size when the mold body 420 is deformed, so that a pressure on the fiber-containing material introduced therein can be built up. Such a pressure then causes the material to be pressed, with water being squeezed out and discharged via the channels 524. As stated above, an edge section of a preform can be pressed when the suction tool 520 is moved relative to the pre-pressing tool.

[0180] FIG. 14 partly shows only a prepress mold 410 and a suction cavity 522. In further embodiments, a pre-pressing tool and a suction tool 520 can be designed as multi-cavity tools and thus have a plurality of suction cavities 522 and corresponding prepress molds 410.

[0181] FIG. 15 shows a further schematic sectional view of a mold body 420 having a support structure 440, in which the connection of the channels 432 to the channel 446 and the connector 444 is shown. For this purpose, the support structure 440 has, at the bottom thereof, a channel-like connection 445 between the connector 444 or the channel 446 and the channels 432. The connection 445 can be formed at the bottom of the support structure 440 by a plurality of further channels extending in a star shape from the channel 446 or by a disk-like recess. At the bottom, the connection 445 can be closed via the tool body 402, as shown schematically in FIG. 14. Furthermore, the support structure 440 can have, at the bottom thereof, a circumferential seal at the outer edge so that no air flowing into the connection 445 can escape.

[0182] The channels 432 can extend through the ring 434, as shown schematically in FIG. 15.

[0183] FIG. 15 schematically shows the design of threaded holes 449 in the support structure 440. Screws are inserted into the threaded holes 449 for connection to a tool body 402, as shown in FIG. 14.

[0184] The design of the prepress molds 410 makes it possible to considerably reduce the servicing and maintenance outlay and to provide preforms which have improved quality at faster pre-pressing times; the design of edges of the preforms can additionally be improved, so that additional processing stations and steps can be dispensed with.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

[0185] 1 pulp [0186] 11 environmentally-friendly, degradable fiber material [0187] 2 suction tool [0188] 21 suction head [0189] 21a suction head outside [0190] 21i suction head inside [0191] 21p end face of the suction head facing the pulp [0192] 21s suction head suction side [0193] 22 porous strainer of the suction head [0194] 22p pulp-facing side (pulp side) of the screen [0195] 22s side of the screen facing the suction side surface 23s [0196] 22w wave crests on the side 22s of the screen [0197] 22t wave troughs of the screen [0198] 23 suction channels in the suction head [0199] 23s suction-side surface of the suction head [0200] 24 collecting ring in the suction head [0201] 25 discharge channel for the liquid solution [0202] 26 base plate of the suction tool [0203] 27 gas line system in the base plate [0204] 27d compressed gas line in the gas line system [0205] 27h main gas line in the gas line system [0206] 27n secondary gas line in the gas line system [0207] 27v valves in the gas line system [0208] 28 reversible fastening means for the screen, e.g., clamping means [0209] 29 modules with suction heads [0210] 3 prepressing station [0211] 31 prepressing lower tool [0212] 31a pressing surface of the prepressing lower tool [0213] 33 cavity in prepressing lower tool [0214] 34 wall as the pressing surface of the prepressing lower tool [0215] 37 carrier plate [0216] 36 heating element of the carrier plate [0217] 4 movement unit [0218] 4a robotic arm that can move freely in space [0219] 4s interface [0220] 41 hot-pressing lower tool of the hot-pressing station [0221] 41a hot-pressing side of the hot-pressing lower tool, e.g., the outside [0222] 41k channels in the hot-pressing lower tool [0223] 42 hot-pressing upper tool of the hot-pressing station [0224] 42a hot-pressing side of the hot-pressing upper tool, e.g., the inside [0225] 43 heating cartridges [0226] 44 thermally insulating covering or material [0227] 45 carrier plates for the respective hot-pressing lower tool and hot-pressing [0228] upper tool designed as a multi-tool [0229] 46 bracket [0230] 47 expansion means [0231] 5 vacuum pump [0232] 6 reservoir of pulp [0233] 10 formed part made from environmentally-friendly, degradable fiber [0234] material [0235] 10a inner contour (inside) of the formed part [0236] 10i outer contour (outside) of the formed part [0237] 20 molding station [0238] 30 preforming station [0239] 35 pulp preparation and replenishment unit [0240] 40 hot-pressing station [0241] 40i inner tool [0242] 40a outer tool [0243] 50 control unit [0244] 60 coating unit [0245] 70 ejection unit [0246] 80 cutting unit [0247] 90 stacking unit [0248] 95 conveyor belt [0249] 100 fiber-forming system [0250] 200 process for the production of formed parts from environmentallyfriendly-degradable fiber material by means of a fiber-forming process in a fiber-forming system [0251] 210 molding of the formed part in a molding station [0252] 220 preforming of the formed part in a preforming station [0253] 230 final shaping of the formed part in a hot-pressing station [0254] 240 ejecting of the final-shaped formed part [0255] A-B cutting line in FIG. 5 [0256] GD gas pressure [0257] HD hot-pressing pressure [0258] SD suction pressure (pulp against suction head) [0259] SR closing direction (pressing direction) of the hot-pressing station [0260] VD prepressing pressure [0261] 150 Frame [0262] 250 Pulp tank [0263] 300 Supply units [0264] 310 Control unit [0265] 320 Suction device [0266] 400 Pre-pressing station [0267] 402 Tool body [0268] 404 Feed channel [0269] 410 Prepress mold [0270] 420 Mold body [0271] 422 Material [0272] 424 Floor section [0273] 426 Wall section [0274] 428 Opening [0275] 430 Connection section [0276] 432 Channel [0277] 434 Ring [0278] 436 Edge [0279] 440 Support structure [0280] 442 Receptacle [0281] 444 Connector [0282] 445 Connection [0283] 446 Channel [0284] 448 Channel [0285] 449 Threaded hole [0286] 450 Screw [0287] 500 Robot [0288] 520 Suction tool [0289] 522 Suction cavity [0290] 524 Channel [0291] 526 Tool body [0292] 530 Mold cavity [0293] 600 Hot pressing station [0294] 610 Hot pressing device [0295] 700 HMI Panel [0296] 800 Conveying device [0297] 810 Camera [0298] 1000 Fiber processing device [0299] 3000 Cup [0300] R.sub.a Outer radius [0301] R.sub.i Inner radius [0302] H Height

[0303] At this point it should be explicitly pointed out that features of the solutions described above or in the claims and/or figures can also be combined if necessary in order to be able to implement or achieve the features, effects and advantages explained in a cumulative manner.

[0304] It goes without saying that the exemplary embodiment explained above is merely a first embodiment of the present disclosure. In this respect, the design of disclosed embodiments is not limited to this exemplary embodiment.