Shear resistant wound dressing for use in vacuum wound therapy

Abstract

A cover layer for a vacuum wound therapy dressing includes a backing layer formed from a flexible polymeric membrane and an adhesive layer for affixing the backing layer over a wound bed to provide a substantially fluid-tight seal around a perimeter of the wound bed. The cover layer is reinforced with a reinforcement layer extending to a peripheral region of the backing layer to distribute forces associated with evacuating a reservoir, as defined by or within the cover, to stimulate healing of the wound bed.

Claims

1. A negative pressure wound therapy dressing comprising: a backing layer configured to be positioned over a wound to define a vacuum reservoir over the wound, the backing layer comprising a peripheral region and a central region; an adhesive layer positioned beneath the backing layer and affixed to the peripheral region of the backing layer and configured to provide a seal around the wound, wherein the adhesive layer includes an opening such that the adhesive layer does not extend to the central region of the backing layer; and a porous layer positioned between the backing layer and the adhesive layer, wherein the porous layer extends to a location below at least a portion of the peripheral region of the backing layer.

2. The dressing according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer affixes the porous layer to the backing layer.

3. The dressing according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer forms a continuous band around the peripheral region of the backing layer.

4. The dressing according to claim 1, wherein the porous layer is a reticulated material.

5. The dressing according to claim 1, wherein the porous layer is a net material.

6. The dressing according to claim 1, wherein the porous layer is a mesh material.

7. The dressing according to claim 1, wherein the porous layer comprises a woven material.

8. The dressing according to claim 1, wherein the porous layer comprises nylon.

9. The dressing according to claim 1, further comprising an absorbent layer positioned adjacent the porous layer, the absorbent layer configured to absorb fluid exuding from the wound.

10. The dressing according to claim 1, wherein the backing layer is formed from a flexible polymeric membrane.

11. The dressing according to claim 1, wherein the backing layer comprises a polyurethane film.

12. The dressing according to claim 1, wherein the backing layer includes a moisture vapor permeable membrane.

13. The dressing according to claim 1, wherein the backing layer further comprises an aperture therein for facilitating connection of a vacuum port to the backing layer.

14. The dressing according to claim 13, further comprising a vacuum system configured to be in communication with the vacuum port, wherein the vacuum system is configured to provide negative pressure to the vacuum reservoir.

15. The dressing according to claim 14, wherein the vacuum system includes a vacuum source and a one-way valve.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the detailed description of the embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

(2) FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a vacuum wound therapy system in accordance with the present disclosure;

(3) FIG. 2 is an orthographic view of a wound facing side of the cover layer of FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3 is an exploded cross sectional view taken along the line 3-3 of FIG. 2;

(5) FIG. 4A is a cross sectional view of the vacuum wound therapy system of FIG. 1 installed over wound on a patient prior to application of a reduced pressure;

(6) FIG. 4B is a cross sectional view of the vacuum wound therapy system of FIG. 1 installed over wound on a patient following an application of a reduced pressure;

(7) FIG. 5 is a top plan view of a vacuum port of FIG. 1;

(8) FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the vacuum port of FIG. 5;

(9) FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a vacuum port;

(10) FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a vacuum port assembly including a portal member and an independent filter screen;

(11) FIG. 8A is a perspective view of the filter screen of FIG. 8 in an alternate orientation;

(12) FIG. 8B is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of an independent filter screen;

(13) FIG. 9 is a bottom plan view of the portal member of FIG. 8;

(14) FIG. 10 is a partial cross sectional view of the vacuum port assembly assembled in a wound dressing; and

(15) FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a vacuum port assembly including a treatment element.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(16) The wound dressing of the present disclosure promotes healing of a wound by providing a reservoir over the wound where a reduced pressure may be maintained. The reservoir subjects the wound to a sub-atmospheric pressure to effectively draw wound fluid, including liquid exudates, from the wound without the continuous use of a vacuum pump. Hence, vacuum pressure may be applied once, or in varying intervals depending on the nature and severity of the wound. To facilitate fluid transport from the wound, a filler material may be included within the reservoir to promote the wicking of wound fluids subject to a reduced pressure. The use of a wound dressing in this manner has been found to promote healing by reducing the probability of infection, stimulating the deposition of granulation tissue and other beneficial processes. The wound dressing of the present disclosure includes a cover layer having a reinforcement structure to enhance the effect of a vacuum wound therapy treatment.

(17) The attached figures illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and are referenced to describe the embodiments depicted therein. Hereinafter, the disclosure will be described in detail by explaining the figures wherein like reference numerals represent like parts throughout the several views.

(18) Referring initially to FIG. 1, a vacuum wound therapy system according to the present disclosure is depicted generally as 10 for use on a wound “w” surrounded by healthy skin “s.” The vacuum wound therapy system 10 includes a vacuum system 12 in fluid communication with a vacuum reservoir 14 (FIG. 4A) defined by or within wound dressing 16. The vacuum system 12 includes a vacuum source 18 coupled to the dressing 16 through a one-way valve 20 and a vacuum tube 24. A collection canister 28 may be provided for wound drainage and debris. The vacuum system 12 is adapted to provide a reduced pressure to the vacuum reservoir 14 appropriate to stimulate healing of the wound “w.” A more detailed description of an appropriate vacuum system 12 is found in commonly assigned U.S. Patent Application Publication 2007/0066946, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

(19) A vacuum port 30, depicted in greater detail in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, may also be included to facilitate connection of the vacuum system 12 to the dressing 16. The vacuum port 30 may be configured as a rigid or semi-rigid, low-profile component adapted to receive the vacuum tube 24 in a releasable and fluid-tight manner. The vacuum port 30 may be configured to include a wide and flexible flange 32 about its perimeter. The flange 32 permits an adhesive to be attached to either an underside of flange 32 for securement to an outer surface of cover layer 44, or to a top side of flange 32 to provide for mounting to the underside of the reinforcement layer 46. Either configuration provides a mechanism for connecting to the dressing 16. A hollow interior of the vacuum port 30 provides fluid communication between the vacuum tube 24 and the reservoir 14 defined by or within dressing 16. A connector segment 33 extends above the flange 32 for facilitating connection with the vacuum tube 24. It is envisioned that because of the possible intimate proximity of the vacuum port 30 to either reservoir 14 or wound filler 38, the performance of vacuum port 30 may be enhanced by the incorporation of a filter screen 58 as depicted in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. Filter screen 58 may inhibit the migration of large particles that may otherwise be drawn into the vacuum port 30 and consequently create a restriction or blockage of the vacuum tube 24. The filter screen 58 may be integral to the configuration of the vacuum port 30 as part of the port flange 32. The filter screen 58 may include a number of openings, each smaller than a cross-sectional area of the vacuum tube 24 or the opening in the vacuum port 30 adapted to receive the vacuum tube 24, and collectively greater than the cross-sectional area of vacuum tube 24 or the opening in the vacuum port 30 adapted to receive the vacuum tube 24. For example, the filter screen 58 of vacuum port 30 may include four relatively large openings, while the filter screen 58A of vacuum port 30A depicted in FIG. 7 may include six relatively small openings. The openings in the filter screens 58, 58A are dimensioned to minimize the passage of tissue particles of a predetermined dimension through the respective vacuum port 30, 30A.

(20) Another alternate embodiment of a vacuum port is depicted generally as 30B in FIGS. 8, 9, 10 and 11. Vacuum port 30B may be configured to accept a filter screen 59 or 60 as a distinct or independently manufactured component as depicted in FIGS. 8, 10 and 11. An opening or cavity 31 depicted in the plan view of FIG. 9 and shown in phantom in FIG. 8 on an underside of vacuum port 30B may be adapted to permit filter screen 59 to be permanently bonded therein such that filter screen 59 is substantially flush with the underside of vacuum port 30B. Alternatively, filter screen 60 may be bonded to the opening on the underside of vacuum port 30B. Filter screen may 60 includes a generally flat base 62 through which the openings 65 extend, and a pair lips 64 projecting from the base 62 along opposite edges of the filter screen 60. The lips 64 may be dimensioned to be flush with a patient facing under surface of the flange when received within the cavity 31. Alternatively the lips 64 may extend beyond the under surface of the flange to extend beyond the cavity 31 in the portal member 30B as depicted in FIG. 10. Filter screen 60 may exhibit an increased surface area available for bonding within cavity 31 of vacuum port 30B. Filter screen 60 may be secured within cavity 31 by bonding, cements, adhesives or the like. In one embodiment, filter screen 62 is positioned within cavity 31 with lips 64 facing toward the wound (FIGS. 8 and 10). In another embodiment, filter screen 62 is positioned within lips 64 facing toward vacuum port 30B and away from the wound (FIG. 8A). In another embodiment, base 62 is devoid of lips 64 as shown in FIG. 8B, and is substantially planar.

(21) It is also envisioned that filter screens 59 and 60 may be provided in combination with a treatment element 61 comprising a therapeutic material as depicted in FIG. 11. Treatment element 61 may be inserted between filter screens 59, 60 and may secured to vacuum port 30B by an appropriate adhesive bond. The treatment element 61 and filter screens 59, 60 may define an insert for reception into cavity or opening 31 on the underside of portal member 30B. This arrangement may provide a convenient method of treating the wound exudate as it is drawn from the wound “w.” Treatment element 61 may comprise fibrous or granulated materials contained in a porous container or wrap to facilitate placement between filter screens 59 and 60. Treatment element 61 may include materials such as activated charcoal or other odor control or neutralizing substances. Treatment element 61 may include anti-bacterials such as polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB). Also, antimicrobials such as ionic metals or biguinides may be included to reduce the bio-burden of the exudate or microbials within the exudate as the exudate is drawn in to a collection canister 28. In the alternative, filter screens 59, 60 may comprise charcoal, antimicrobials, anti-odor substances.

(22) Vacuum tube 30 may be configured to accept a variety of tubing geometries such as round, oblong or elliptical. Vacuum port 30 may be provided as a pre-affixed component of dressing 16, as part of vacuum system 12 or entirely independently. Also vacuum port 30 may not be necessary depending on the configuration of dressing 16.

(23) Wound dressing 16 generally includes a contact layer 34, filler 38 and a reinforced cover layer 40. Reinforced cover layer 40 may be formed from a composite including a backing layer 44, a reinforcement layer 46 and an adhesive layer 48. Each layer of wound dressing 16 is described in greater detail below.

(24) Contact layer 34 may be sufficiently conformable to be positioned in direct contact with an irregularly shaped surface of a wound bed “w.” A thin film of polyethylene or other suitable non-adherent material may form the contact layer 34 to limit the adherence of filler 38 and other substances to the wound “w.” Apertures or perforations in the film permit fluids to pass through the contact layer 34, allowing for the sub-atmospheric pressure to penetrate into the wound “w” and for exudates to flow freely out of the wound “w.” By selecting an appropriate film material, the passage of wound exudate through contact layer 34 may be controlled so as to be substantially unidirectional to prevent wound exudate from flowing back into the wound. To promote a unidirectional flow, a conical apertured film, such as those provided by Tredegar Film Products of Richmond, Va., may be selected for forming contact layer 34. This type of film is arranged with apertures positioned at the peaks of cone shaped formations in the film material such that exudate encounters the film as an array of micro-funnels in one direction and an array of collecting basins in the other. Though it is depicted in a square configuration, the shape of the contact layer 34 can be customized to better suit the wound geometry. Unidirectional flow of exudates may also be promoted by the selection of other materials including a lamination of layers having varying absorptive characteristics. One exemplary material, which may be used as a contact layer is sold under the trademark XEROFLO® by Kendall Corp., a division of Covidien.

(25) Filler 38 may be arranged over contact layer 34 to fill wound “w” to the level of the surrounding healthy skin “s” or may over-fill the wound “w” as depicted in FIG. 4A. An absorbent material such as non-woven gauze or reticulated foam may be used for filler 38 to trap or transport any exudate that migrates through contact layer 34. An antimicrobial dressing sold under the trademark KERLIX® by Kendall Corp., a division of Covidien, may be suitable for use as filler 38. To prevent adhesion to the wound “w,” the filler 38 may also comprise a material configured such that any stray fibers do not tend to protrude through apertures of contact layer 34 where they may become engulfed by newly forming granulation tissue. One particular type of material exhibiting this characteristic is often referred to as “tow.” The manufacturing process for synthetic fibers often includes an extrusion of an indeterminate length of continuous filaments, which are spun together to form fibers. It is the continuous lengths of un-spun filaments which are referred to as tow. A single length of tow formed from a hydrophobic material such as polyolefin may be laid in the wound bed “w” to form filler 38. This arrangement allows for a complete removal of filler 38 when the dressing 16 is changed without re-injuring the wound “w.”

(26) Cover layer 40 may be placed over the wound “w” enclosing the contact layer 34 and filler 38 therein. The periphery of cover layer 40 extends laterally beyond the perimeter of the wound bed “w” so as to contact the healthy skin “s” to form a seal over the wound “w.” As depicted in FIG. 2, adhesive layer 48 may extend to the periphery of cover layer 40 to provide the seal with the use of a medical-grade, pressure-sensitive adhesive. The adhesive layer 48 may be adapted to provide a fluid-tight and bacteria-tight seal around a peripheral region of dressing 16 such that exudate cannot escape through the edges of the dressing 16 and external air and contaminants may not enter the wound area. To provide such a barrier, the adhesive layer 48 may, for example, be on the order of 1.0 to 10 mils thick depending on the adhesive used. In general, a high peal-strength adhesive may be used to resist inadvertent lift-off, roll or “flagging,” i.e., a failure of the dressing to adhere to itself or the patient, at the edges of the cover layer 40. The adhesive defining the adhesive layer 48 may include, but is not limited to, medical grade acrylics, rubber base or silicone adhesives. Preferably, those adhesives included with the dressing sold under the trademark Polyskin II Transparent Dressings by Kendall Corp., a division of Covidien, may be used. Adhesive layer 48 forms a continuous band around the peripheral region of cover layer 40, but contains an opening such that the adhesive layer does not extend inwardly to the central areas of cover layer 40.

(27) As depicted in FIG. 3, reinforcement layer 46 may overlap adhesive layer 48 at an outer edge such that an outer periphery of reinforcement layer 46 is firmly affixed to backing layer 44. Reinforcement layer 46 extends to a peripheral region of cover layer 40, but not necessarily to an outer perimeter of the cover layer 40. Reinforcement layer 46, particularly any portion not overlapping the adhesive layer 48, may be affixed to backing layer 44 with a light coat of an adhesive 57 applied to the appropriate side of the reinforcement layer 46 or the backing layer 44. A portion of a wound facing side 52 of the reinforcement layer 46 carries no adhesive to prevent adhesion of the cover layer 40 to the filler 38. An aperture 54 extends through the reinforcement layer 46 to permit fluid communication between the reservoir 14 and vacuum system 12.

(28) The reinforcement layer 46 may comprise a mesh of polyethylene terephtalate (PET) fibers, which offer good liquid resistance making it suitable for use in a moist wound environment. PET fibers may be used to form woven or non-woven reinforcements having large pore sizes. Some PET reinforcement manufacturing methods provide for interlinking the fiber junctions to yield a mesh that is flexible in multiple directions and also does not unravel when cut. One such method is known as hydro-entanglement. PET reinforcements thus manufactured tend to have a high shear stiffness that may be useful in reinforcing cover layer 40. One exemplary material, which may be suitable for incorporation into reinforcement layer 46, is sold under the trademark Sontara® by DuPont. Alternatively, reinforcement layer 46 may be formed from another reinforcement or mesh structure having suitable shear stiffness. Examples of suitable structures include extruded netting and apertured films. Suitable materials for use in such alternate structures include PET, polyethylene, nylon and polypropylene. Additionally, woven structures may be used for reinforcement layer 46. Acceptable woven materials may include cotton gauze, woven acetate and nylon.

(29) Extending to the periphery of the cover layer 40 is backing layer 44. Backing layer 44 provides a substrate to which reinforcement layer 46 and adhesive layer 48 may be affixed. An aperture 56 extends through the backing layer 44 to permit fluid communication between the reservoir 14 and vacuum system 12. Backing layer 44 may be formed from a flexible polymeric membrane to serve as a fluid barrier to allow for a sub-atmospheric pressure to be established in vacuum reservoir 14, and also as a microbial barrier preventing contaminants from entering the wound area. For example, backing layer 44 may comprise a polyurethane film having a thickness from about 0.8 mils to about 1.0 mil. Preferably, the backing layer 44 is formed from a moisture vapor permeable membrane to promote the exchange of oxygen and moisture vapor between the wound site and the atmosphere. One exemplary material is a transparent membrane sold under the trade name POLYSKIN® II by Kendall Corp., a division of Covidien. Other materials which may be suitable for use in a backing layer include the thin films marketed under the names TEGADERM™ by 3M of St. Paul, Minn. and OPSITE™ by Smith and Nephew PLC of London, UK. Reinforcement layer 46 may be configured so as not to impede the transmission of moisture vapor by including, for example, a large pore size.

(30) As seen in FIG. 4A, reservoir 14 is defined by or within wound dressing 16 when applied to the skin. Filler 38 may be included to fill the reservoir 14. Evacuating atmospheric gasses from the reservoir 14 may impart a tendency for cover layer 40 to flatten against the wound “w” as depicted in FIG. 4B. This tendency of cover layer 40 to deform may draw the peri-wound margins into the wound “w” and put the surrounding skin “s” in tension. This tendency may be counteracted or resisted by the shear stiffness in reinforcement layer 46 such that the cover layer 40 may better main its shape. Because reinforcement layer 46 extends to a peripheral region of cover layer 40 and backing layer 44 anchored to healthy skin “s,” the forces associated with evacuating reservoir 14 may be transferred beyond the perimeter of the wound “w,” and may be manifested as compression forces. Thus reinforcement layer 46 reinforces cover layer 40 and vacuum reservoir 14.

(31) A central region of reinforcement layer 46 may be devoid of an adhesive coating, such that the reinforcement layer 46 may not tend to adhere to or disturb filler 38, particularly as the reduced pressure is removed from reservoir 14. Reinforcement layer 46 thus further protects wound “w” to promote healing throughout the evacuation cycles of a VWT procedure.

(32) Although the foregoing disclosure has been described in some detail by way of illustration and example, for purposes of clarity or understanding, it will be obvious that certain changes and modifications may be practiced within the scope of the appended claims.