Use of a polycarbonate composition

Abstract

In an embodiment, a method for the manufacture of an injection molded article in an injection mold comprises at least one flow length of at least 50 cm, the flow length being defined as the shortest distance between a point of injection in the mold and an inner mold wall, the method comprising injection molding a polycarbonate composition comprising an aromatic polycarbonate, from 0.01 wt. % to 0.30 wt. % based on the weight of the polycarbonate composition of an epoxy additive having at least two epoxy groups per molecule, and from 0.01 wt. % to 0.30 wt. % based on the weight of the polycarbonate composition of a phenolic diphosphite derived from pentaerythritol.

Claims

1. A method for the manufacture of an injection molded article in an injection mold comprising at least one flow length of at least 50 cm, the flow length being defined as the shortest distance between a point of injection in the mold and an inner mold wall, the method comprising injection molding a polycarbonate composition comprising: aromatic polycarbonate, from 0.01 wt. % to 0.30 wt. % based on the weight of the polycarbonate composition, of an epoxy additive having at least two epoxy groups per molecule, and from 0.01 wt. % to 0.30 wt. % based on the weight of the polycarbonate composition, of a phenolic diphosphite derived from pentaerythritol.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the injection molded article is an article of furniture.

3. An article, comprising: a polycarbonate composition comprising aromatic polycarbonate, from 0.01 wt. % to 0.30 wt. % based on the weight of the polycarbonate composition, of an epoxy additive having at least two epoxy groups per molecule, and from 0.01 wt. % to 0.30 wt. % based on the weight of the polycarbonate composition, of a phenolic diphosphite derived from pentaerythritol, wherein the article is prepared by injection molding of said composition and wherein at least one flow length of the polycarbonate composition in an injection mold is at least 50 cm, the flow length being defined as the shortest distance between a point of injection in the mold and an inner mold wall.

4. The article of claim 3 wherein the aromatic polycarbonate is polycarbonate manufactured by an interfacial process and having a melt volume rate (MVR) of from 1-10 cm.sup.3/10 min (ISO 1133, 300° C., 1.2 kg), the epoxy additive is of the formula ##STR00009## and the phenolic diphosphite comprises 2,4-dicumylphenyl pentaerythritol diphosphite.

5. The article of claim 3, wherein said article is an injection molded article of furniture.

6. The article of claim 5, wherein the furniture is a table, a chair, a stool or a couch.

7. The article of claim 6, wherein the furniture is a chair or a stool comprising a seat leg or stool leg of at least 20 cm.

8. The article of claim 3, wherein the article consists of the polycarbonate composition.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the polycarbonate composition does not contain a silicone compound.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the epoxy additive is a carboxylate epoxy resin.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the epoxy additive is an aliphatic epoxide having a molecular weight of at most 600 g/mol.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the epoxy additive is of the formula: ##STR00010##

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the phenolic diphosphite is according to the formula: ##STR00011## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, and R.sub.10 each independently represents hydrogen or a C.sub.1-20 organic radical.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein R.sub.2, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.7, R.sub.9, and R.sub.10 are H, and R.sub.1, R.sub.3, R.sub.6 and R.sub.8 each independently represents a C.sub.1-20 organic radical.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein the epoxy additive is of the formula ##STR00012## and wherein the phenolic diphosphite comprises 2,4-dicumylphenyl pentaerythritol diphosphite.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the aromatic polycarbonate has an MVR of 5-9 cm.sup.3/10 min as determined in accordance with ISO 1133 (300° C., 1.2 kg).

17. A method for the manufacture of an injection molded article in an injection mold comprising at least one flow length of at least 50 cm, the flow length being defined as the shortest distance between a point of injection in the mold and an inner mold wall, the method comprising injection molding a polycarbonate composition comprising: aromatic polycarbonate having an MVR of 0.1-10 cm.sup.3/10 min as determined in accordance with ISO 1133 (300° C., 1.2 kg), from 0.01 wt. % to 0.30 wt. % based on the weight of the polycarbonate composition, of an epoxy additive having at least two epoxy groups per molecule, and from 0.01 wt. % to 0.30 wt. % based on the weight of the polycarbonate composition, of a phenolic diphosphite derived from pentaerythritol; wherein the polycarbonate composition does not contain a silicone compound, and wherein the epoxy additive is an aliphatic epoxide having a molecular weight of at most 600 g/mol.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the epoxy additive is of the formula ##STR00013## and wherein the phenolic diphosphite comprises 2,4-dicumylphenyl pentaerythritol diphosphite.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein the MVR is 2-9 cm.sup.3/10 min as determined in accordance with ISO 1133 (300° C., 1.2 kg).

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Referring now to the figures, which are exemplary aspects.

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a test piece; and

(3) FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of another test piece.

(4) More in particular it is preferred that the present invention is directed at the aforementioned use wherein the polycarbonate composition does not contain a modified silicone having at least one of functional group selected from an alkoxy group, a vinyl group, and a phenyl group, and which is preferably, for example, a functional group-containing modified silicone compound (such as an organosiloxane) obtained by introducing at least one of group selected from a methoxy group, a vinyl group, and a phenyl group into a silicone compound and wherein the content of the modified silicone compound is preferably in the range of from 0.01 to 1 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the aromatic polycarbonate

(5) Since the problem with bubble formation is of particular relevance for more complex mouldings the present invention is in particular applicable to a moulding process wherein a flow length of the polycarbonate composition in an injection mould is at least 50 cm, the flow length being defined as the distance the molten polycarbonate composition travels in a mould from a point of injection in said mould. Or, with reference to the actual mould, the flow length may be defined as the shortest distance between a point of injection in the mould and an inner mould wall. The flow length is not limited to lengths in a single geometrical plane. For example, if the moulded object is a table and the injection point of the mould corresponds to the middle of the table then the flow length from the injection point to the lowest part of the table leg includes the length of the table leg as well as the distance between the start of the table leg and the center of the table.

(6) The injection moulded article may be configured for virtually any application such as, for example, computer and business machine housings such as housings for monitors, handheld electronic device housings such as housings for cell phones, electrical connectors, and components of lighting fixtures, ornaments, home appliances, roofs, greenhouses, sun rooms, swimming pool enclosures, and the like. Additionally, the thermoplastic composition may be used for applications such as illuminant lenses or covers (including light emitting diode (LED) illuminants), light guides, edge-lit display panels, optical fibers, transparent sheets, diffusive sheets, display films, or articles of furniture.

(7) Preferably the injection moulded article is an article of furniture such as a chair, stool, couch, or a table. The article of furniture may be for household or office use. The article of furniture may have a seat leg, stool leg or table leg of at least 20 cm, preferably at least 30 cm, more preferably at least 40 cm. In an embodiment the use of the polycarbonate composition excludes the use for toy furniture.

(8) As mentioned above, the thermoplastic composition includes an aromatic polycarbonate, meaning a polycarbonate having aromatic groups in its backbone. Such polycarbonates are well known in the art and described in detail for example in WO 2014/191942. The polycarbonate according to the present invention may be a homopolymer or a copolymer, a homopolymer being preferred. The method for the manufacture of the polycarbonate is not limited and both polycarbonates manufactured according to the interfacial process as polycarbonates manufactured using the melt process may be suitable for the present invention. The present invention is not particularly limited with respect to the molecular weight or molecular weight distribution of the polycarbonate. It is however preferred that the melt volume rate (MVR) is at most 10 cm.sup.3/10 min (300° C., 1.2 kg) as determined in accordance with ISO 1133. Preferably the MVR is from 0.1-10, more preferably 1-10 cm.sup.3/10 min. The MVR may be from 2-9 or 5-9 cm.sup.3/10 min.

(9) In view of better color, the polycarbonates described herein are preferably manufactured by interfacial polymerization. Although the reaction conditions for interfacial polymerization can vary, the process generally involves dissolving or dispersing a dihydric phenol, such as bisphenol A (BPA) reactant in aqueous caustic soda or potash, adding the resulting mixture to a water-immiscible solvent medium, and contacting the reactants with a carbonate precursor in the presence of a catalyst such as triethylamine and/or a phase transfer catalyst, under controlled pH conditions, e.g., 8 to 12. The most commonly used water immiscible solvents include methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, toluene, and the like. Carbonate precursors include a carbonyl halide such as carbonyl bromide or carbonyl chloride, or a haloformate such as a bishaloformates of a dihydric phenol (e.g., the bischloroformates of bisphenol A, hydro quinone, or the like) or a glycol (e.g., the bishaloformate of ethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, polyethylene glycol, or the like). Combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing types of carbonate precursors can also be used. Phosgene can also be a carbonate precursor in, an interfacial polymerization reaction to form carbonate linkages, which is referred to as a phosgenation reaction. It is preferred to manufacture the polycarbonate of the present invention using the interfacial polymerization of bisphenol A and phosgene.

(10) The composition of the invention comprises from 0.01-0.30 wt. % based on the weight of the composition of an epoxy additive having at least two epoxy groups per molecule. Preferably, the epoxy additive is a carboxylate epoxy resin, more preferably an aliphatic epoxide having at least two epoxy groups per molecule and a molecular weight lower than 600 g/mol. Epoxy compounds useful as additives include epoxy modified acrylic oligomers or polymers (such as a styreneacrylate-epoxy polymer, prepared from for example a combination of: a substituted or unsubstituted styrene such as styrene or 4-methylstyrene; an acrylate or methacrylate ester of a C.sub.1-22 alkyl alcohol such as methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, or the like; and an epoxy-functionalized acrylate such as glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl acrylate, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl methacrylate, or the like), or an epoxy carboxylate oligomer based on cycloaliphatic epoxides (such as, for example, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate, or the like).

(11) The epoxy additive may comprise an additional functional group such as hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid ester, and the like. More than one functional group may be present. Specific examples of the epoxy stabilizer include epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized linseed oil, phenyl glycidyl ether, allyl glycidyl ether, tert-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4′-epoxy cyclohexyl carboxylate, 3,4-epoxy-6-methylcylohexylmethyl-3′,4′-epoxy-6′-methylcyclohexyl carboxylate, 2,3 epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3′,4′-epoxycyclohexyl carboxylate, 4-(3,4-epoxy-5-methylcyclohexyl)butyl-3′,4′-epoxycyclohexyl carboxylate, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylethyleneoxide, cyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexyl carboxylate, 3,4 epoxy-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl-6′methylcyclohexyl carboxylate, bisphenol A glycidyl ether, tetrabromobisphenol A glycidyl ether, diglycidyl phthalate, diglycidyl hexahydrophthalate, bisepoxydicyclopentadienyl ether, bis-epoxyethylene glycol, bis-epoxycyclohexyl adipate, butadiene diepoxide, tetraphenylethylene epoxide, octyl epoxyphthalate, epoxidized polybutadiene, 3,4-dimethyl-1,2-epoxycyclohexane, 3,5-dimethyl-1,2-epoxycyclohexane, 3-methyl-5 tert-butyl-1,2-epoxycyclohexane, octadecyl-2,2-dimethyl 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl carboxylate, N-butyl-2,2-dimethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexyl carboxylate, cyclohexyl-2-methyl-3,4 epoxycyclohexyl carboxylate, N-butyl-2-isopropyl-3,4 epoxy-5-methylcyclohexyl carboxylate, octadecyl-3,4 epoxycyclohexyl carboxylate, 2-ethylhexyl-3′,4′ epoxycyclohexyl carboxylate, 4,6-dimethyl-2,3 epoxycyclohexyl-3′,4′-epoxycyclohexyl carboxylate, 4,5 epoxytetrahydrophthalic anhydride, 3-tert-butyl-4,5 epoxytetrahydrophthalic anhydride, diethyl-4,5-epoxy-cis 1,2-cyclohexyl dicarboxylate, and di-n-butyl-3-tertbutyl-4,5-epoxy-cis-1,2-cyclohexyl dicarboxylate. The epoxy compounds can be used singly or in combination. Of these, epoxy carboxylates such as alicyclic epoxy carboxylates (e.g., 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3″ 4′-epoxycyclo hexyl carboxylate) can be used.

(12) Preferably the epoxy additive is a carboxylate epoxy resin and more preferably the epoxy additive is a carboxylate epoxy resin comprising a carboxylate diepoxide according to the formula:

(13) ##STR00005##

(14) Specific commercially available exemplary epoxy functionalized stabilizers include Cycloaliphatic Epoxide Resin ERL-4221 supplied by Union Carbide Corporation (a subsidiary of Dow Chemical), Danbury, Conn.; and epoxy functional acrylic (co)polymers such as JONCRYL® ADR-4300 and JONCRYL® ADR-4368, available from BASF Corporation, Sturtevant, Wis. The epoxy additive can be used in different amounts, for example from 0.01 to 0.25 wt. %, more specifically from 0.02 wt. % to 0.10 wt. %, based on the weight of the thermoplastic composition.

(15) The thermoplastic composition also comprises from 0.01-0.30 wt. % based on the weight of the composition, of a phenolic diphosphite derived from pentaerythritol. Preferably the phenolic diphosphite is a compound according to the formula:

(16) ##STR00006##

(17) wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, and R.sub.10 each independently represents hydrogen or a C.sub.1-20 organic radical. In some embodiments, the position on the phenolic phenyl group to which the oxygen is attached is hindered, for example at the ortho and para positions. With respect to the above formula, for example, in some embodiments

(18) R.sub.2, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.7, R.sub.9, and R.sub.10 are H and R.sub.1, R.sub.3, R.sub.6 and R.sub.8 each independently represents a C.sub.1-20 organic radical, more specifically an alkaryl radical of 4 to 13 carbon atoms such as cumyl (e.g., bis(2,4-dicumyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite). Examples of phenolic diphosphites are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,364,895, 5,438,086, 6,613,823, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Phenolic diphosphites are also available commercially, e.g. under the Doverphos* brand, e.g., Doverphos* S-9228 and from ADK palmarole (e.g. ADK STAB PEP-36). The phenolic diphosphite is preferably (2,4-dicumylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite.

(19) The phenolic diphosphite can be present in the thermoplastic composition at different levels, for example, 0.02 wt. % to 0.30 wt. %, more specifically from 0.05 wt. % to 0.15 wt. %, based on the weight of the thermoplastic composition.

(20) In an aspect the present invention is directed at the use of a polycarbonate composition comprising aromatic polycarbonate manufactured by the interfacial polymerisation of bisphenol A and phosgene and having a melt volume rate (MVR) of from 1-10 cm.sup.3/10 min (ISO 1133, 300° C., 1.2 kg) from 0.01-0.30 wt. % of an epoxy additive of the formula

(21) ##STR00007## from 0.01-0.30 wt. % of 2,4-dicumylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite

(22) in an injection moulding process for the manufacture of an article of furniture.

(23) It is preferred that the polycarbonate composition does not contain a silicone compound, in particular not a modified silicone compound.

(24) The term furniture should be understood as including both household and office furniture thus excluding toy furniture. In this aspect of the present invention the article of (household and/or office) furniture may be a table, a chair, a stool, a couch a closet and the like. As the article of furniture is a household or office article of furniture, the table leg or seat leg is preferably at least 30, more preferably at least 50 cm, the couch height of at least 30 cm and the closet height at least 30 cm.

(25) In the injection mould for moulding the polycarbonate composition a flow length is preferably at least 50 cm the flow length being defined as the distance the molten polycarbonate composition travels in a mould from a point of injection in said mould. Or, with reference to the actual mould, the term flow length may be defined as the shortest distance between a point of injection in the mould and an inner mould wall. In a preferred embodiment a flow length is at least 60 cm, at least 70 cm, at least 80 cm, at least 90 cm or at least 100 cm. The skilled person will understand that, moulds will have multiple flow lengths. Hence a mould may have flow lengths both shorter as longer than 50 cm. The present invention is directed specifically to moulds having at least one flow length longer than 50 cm.

(26) For the avoidance of doubt the article prepared by injection moulding is an article that consists of the polycarbonate composition. It should be understood and recognised however that any article of furniture may be combined with further parts of further materials. For example, if the article is a chair then the chair may have arm legs padded with rubber or fabric material. Likewise the outer parts of seat legs or table legs may be provided with means for protecting either or both the leg or the surface on which the table, chair, stool or couch is used. For example rubber pads may be positioned on the outer edge of the legs for protection.

(27) The thermoplastic composition may further comprise additional additives such as reinforcing agents, antioxidants, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers (including ultraviolet (UV) light stabilizers), plasticizers, lubricants, mould release agents, antistatic agents, surface effect additives, radiation stabilizers, flame retardants, and anti-drip agents. Combinations of additives can also be used.

(28) The thermoplastic composition may further contain tinting colorants to achieve specifically targeted color space values. Colorants include, for example, anthraquinones, perylenes, perinones, indanthrones, quinacridones, xanthenes, oxazines, oxazolines, thioxanthenes, indigoids, thioindigoids, naphtalimides, cyanines, xanthenes, methines, lactones, coumarins, bisbenzoxaxolylthiophenes (BBOT), napthalenetetracarboxylic derivatives, monoazo and disazo pigments, triarylmethanes, aminoketones, bis(styryl)biphenyl derivatives, and the like, as well as combinations comprising at least two of the foregoing colorants.

(29) The amount of colorant depends on the target color properties for the article, the spectral absorbance properties of the colorant(s), and the intrinsic color properties of the polycarbonate and any other materials or additives in the thermoplastic composition. The amount can vary, provided that it is kept below the level at which L* falls below a target specifications, in some embodiments an L* value of 95.65, in some embodiments an L* value of 95.75, and in some embodiments an L* value of 98.85. The L* value being a CIELAB 1976 color space value determined in accordance with ISO 11664-4:2008(E)/CIE S 014-4/E:2007 using CIE illuminant D65 and a 2.5 mm thick moulded plaque of the thermoplastic composition.

(30) Exemplary amounts of colorant can range from 0.00005 to 0.01 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polycarbonate resin.

(31) In a further aspect the present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of an injection moulded article in an injection mould comprising at least one flow length of at least 50 cm, the flow length being defined as the shortest distance between a point of injection in the mould and an inner mould wall, the method comprising injection moulding a polycarbonate composition comprising aromatic polycarbonate from 0.01 wt. % to 0.30 wt. % based on the weight of the polycarbonate composition, of an epoxy additive having at least two epoxy groups per molecule from 0.01 wt. % to 0.30 wt. % based on the weight of the polycarbonate composition, of a phenolic diphosphite derived from pentaerythritol.

(32) Preferred embodiments for the method are similar to preferred embodiments for the use as disclosed herein. That is, by way of example, the injection moulded article is preferably an article of furniture preferably an article of household or office furniture such as a table, a chair, a stool or a couch.

(33) Likewise it is preferred that the polycarbonate composition does not contain a silicone compound, in particular not a modified silicone compound

(34) In yet a further aspect the present invention relates to an article comprising or consisting of a polycarbonate composition comprising aromatic polycarbonate from 0.01 wt. % to 0.30 wt. % based on the weight of the polycarbonate composition, of an epoxy additive having at least two epoxy groups per molecule from 0.01 wt. % to 0.30 wt. % based on the weight of the polycarbonate composition, of a phenolic diphosphite derived from pentaerythritol,

(35) wherein the article is prepared by injection moulding of said composition and wherein at least one flow length of the polycarbonate composition in an injection mould is at least 50 cm, the flow length being defined as the shortest distance between a point of injection in the mould and an inner mould wall.

(36) Preferred embodiments for the method are similar to preferred embodiments for the use as disclosed herein. By way of example the article preferably comprises or consists of a polycarbonate composition that comprises aromatic polycarbonate manufactured by an interfacial process and having a melt volume rate (MVR) of from 1-10 cm.sup.3/10 min (ISO 1133, 300° C., 1.2 kg), from 0.01-0.30 wt. % of an epoxy additive of the formula

(37) ##STR00008## from 0.01-0.30 wt. % of 2,4-dicumylphenyl pentaerythritol diphosphite.

(38) The article is preferably an injection moulded article of furniture such as an article of household or office furniture such as a table, a chair, a stool or a couch, preferably a chair or a stool comprising a seat leg or stool leg of at least 20, preferably at least 30, more preferably at least 40 cm.

EXAMPLES

(39) The following materials were used:

(40) TABLE-US-00001 PC Polycarbonate homopolymer prepared with an interfacial process, having a molecular weight of about 30,000 g/mol (GPC using PC standards), a MFR of 6 g/10 min (ISO 1133, 300° C., 1.2 kg) CAEP Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3, 4-epoxycyclohexyl carboxylate TDP Irgaphos 168, tris(2,4,-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphite S-9228 Doverphos S-9228, bis(2,4-dicumyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite Release Palmitic/Stearic Acid (50/50) ester of dipentaerythritol

(41) The compositions of all the examples were moulded into test parts using a custom mould for the manufacture of test pieces for tensile bars. FIGS. 1 and 2 schematically show the test pieces comprising the tensile bars 2a and 2b and runners 3, 2a and 2b. In the injection moulding process the polycarbonate composition flows along the direction as indicated by means of the arrows. The top part of introduction runner 3 in FIG. 2 corresponds to the position where molten polycarbonate composition is injected into the mould. In other words, this point is the point of injection of the polycarbonate composition. The introduction runner 3 is connected to runners 2a and 2b as schematically shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Runners 2a and 2b and tensile bars 4a and 4b are identical in dimensions. The combined length of runners 3 and 2a is equal to the combined length of runners 3 and 2b and is about 190 mm. The diameter of runner 3 is 5.9 mm at the injection point and 7.7 mm at the point where it splits into runners 2a and 2b. Runners 2a and 2b have a flatted cone cross sectional shape with a straight base having a width of 8.1 mm and a height 5.5 mm. The diameter at the cone is around 7.5 mm. The tensile bars 4a and 4b have a standard thickness of 4 mm and fulfill the requirements of the ISO 527-2 standard.

(42) Injection moulding was carried out with a melt temperature of 300° C. and the mould temperature was set at 70° C. The injection pressure was kept relatively low, yet sufficient to completely fill the mould. No holding pressure was applied. These conditions were found to simulate the pressure conditions that would apply near the outer ends of a mould for complex parts, such as for example the legs of a stool. The test pieces were visually inspected on the presence of voids.

(43) The table below shows the samples that were made.

(44) TABLE-US-00002 CE1 CE2 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 PC 99.55 99.50 99.49 99.48 99.47 99.46 99.45 99.42 99.40 CAEP 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.10 TPP 0.05 S-9228 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 Release 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 Voids + + +/− − − − − − −

(45) The amounts of the components are in weight percent on the basis of the composition. A “+” indicates the presence of voids in the material, whereas a “−” indicates no voids were observed.

(46) As is clear from the table the combination of S-9228 as the diphosphite and CAEP results in mouldings that do not contain voids or at least mouldings wherein the void formation is reduced to a minimum. With respect to Example 1 it was observed that some samples contain voids where others did not.