Method and composition for improved agglomeration resistance of polyamide polymers

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a leaching process and resulting composition which prevents or substantially reduces agglomeration of polyamide 6/66 copolymers. The leaching process includes applying hot water in the presence of an agglomeration inhibitor to the polyamide 6/66 copolymers in order to separate unreacted caprolactam and small molecular weight oligomers from the copolymers while preventing or substantially reducing agglomeration of the copolymers.

Claims

1. A method of improving agglomeration resistance of a polyamide polymer comprising the steps of: polymerizing at least one polyamide copolymer from caprolactam monomers and adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine monomers, the at least one polyamide copolymer including between 80 mol % and 99 mol % caprolactam monomers and between 1 mol % and 20 mol % of combined adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine monomers, based on the total moles of caprolactam monomers and adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine monomers; and leaching the at least one polyamide copolymer with a solution of water in the presence of an agglomeration inhibitor comprising stearic acid at a temperature between 80° C. and 140° C.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of agglomeration inhibitor used in the leaching step is between 0.05 wt. % and 2 wt. %, based on the total solids weight of the copolymer.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one polyamide copolymer includes between 80 mol % and 85 mol % caprolactam monomers and between 15 mol % and 20 mol % adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine monomers, based on the total moles of caprolactam monomers and adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine monomers.

4. A method of improving agglomeration resistance of a polyamide polymer, comprising the steps of: forming at least one polyamide copolymer polymerized from caprolactam monomers and adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine monomers, the at least one polyamide copolymer including between 80 mol % and 99 mol % caprolactam monomers and between 1 mol % and 20 mol % of combined adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine monomers, based on the total moles of caprolactam monomers and adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine monomers, the at least one polyamide copolymer having an initial concentration of acid/amine terminal ends; and leaching the at least one polyamide copolymer with a solution of water in the presence of an agglomeration inhibitor comprising stearic acid to reduce the initial concentration of acid/amine terminal ends by 5% to 25%.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the leaching step is carried out at a temperature between 80° C. and 140° C.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(1) The present disclosure provides a leaching process and resulting composition which prevents or substantially reduces agglomeration of polyamide 6/66 copolymers. The leaching process includes applying hot water in the presence of an agglomeration inhibitor to the polyamide 6/66 copolymers in order to separate unreacted caprolactam and small molecular weight oligomers from the copolymers while preventing or substantially reducing agglomeration of the copolymers.

(2) Polyamide resins in the form of copolymers of polyamide 6 and polyamide 66 (polyamide 6/66 copolymers) are synthesized from caprolactam monomers and adipic acid/hexamethylenediamine monomers and then leached with water in the presence of an agglomeration inhibitor. The adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine components of the adipic acid/hexamethylenediamine monomers may be provided in a salt of 1:1 molar proportion, referred to as “AH salt”, which may be either in solid form or in the form of an aqueous solution. The terms “adipic acid/hexamethylenediamine” and “AH salt” are used interchangeably herein.

(3) I. Preparation of Polyamide 6/66 Copolymers.

(4) Caprolactam is traditionally used to form polyamide 6 via ring opening by hydrolysis, followed by polymerization. AH salts are traditionally used to form polyamide 66 via condensation polymerization. In the present process, caprolactam monomers and AH salt monomers are polymerized together to produce polyamide 6/66 copolymers including a majority component of monomers based on caprolactam and a minority component of monomers based on AH salt, i.e., adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine. As discussed further below, in the present polyamide 6/66 copolymers, the polymer chains include monomers, or repeating units, based on caprolactam and monomers, or repeating units, based on adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine, which are mutually present in the polymer chains according to a random or near random distribution.

(5) In the present polyamide 6/66 copolymers, the caprolactam monomers make up as little as 80 mol. %, 90 mol. %, 94 mol. %, 95 mol. %, 96 mol. %, or as great as 97 mol. %, 98 mol. %, or 99 mol. %, based on the total moles of caprolactam and AH salt monomers, or within any range defined between any two of the foregoing values, such as 80 mol. % to 99 mol. %, 80 mol. % to 95 mol. %, 80 mol. % to 90 mol. %, or 80 mol. % to 85 mol. %, for example.

(6) In the present polyamide 6/66 copolymers, the AH salt monomers make up as little as 1 mol. %, 2 mol. %, 3 mol. %, or as great as 4 mol. %, 5 mol. %, 6 mol. %, 10 mol. %, 18 mol. %, 20 mol. % based on the total moles of caprolactam and AH salt monomers, or within any range defined between any two of the foregoing values, such as 1 mol. % to 20 mol. %, 5 mol. % to 20 mol. %, 10 mol. % to 20 mol. %, or 15 mol. % to 18 mol. %, for example.

(7) To form the present polyamide 6/66 copolymers, caprolactam and AH salt are blended together at elevated temperatures which may be as low as 145° C., 150° C., or 155° C., as great as 160° C., 165° C., or 170° C., or within any range defined between any two of the foregoing values, such 150° C. to 170° C., or 155° C. to 165° C., for example. The caprolactam and AH salt may be mildly agitated during heating to provide more uniform heat transfer and mixing. The AH salt may be combined with the caprolactam as a dry powder, or may be combined with the caprolactam as an aqueous solution, such as an aqueous solution containing as little as about 50 wt. %, 52 wt. %, 55 wt. %, or as great as 58 wt. %, 60 wt. % solids, or within any range defined between any two of the foregoing values, such 50 wt. % to 60 wt. % or 55 wt. % to 60 wt. %, for example. Further, particularly when AH salt is used as a dry powder, the caprolactam and AH salt may be blended in the presence of added water.

(8) The mixture of caprolactam and AH salt, and optionally water, is polymerized at a temperature of approximately 230° C. to form the polyamide composition. The polymerization may be carried out using a batch continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR), a VK tube, or by using a continuous polymerization train, for example. Excess water is removed to drive the reaction to equilibrium. Optionally, a terminating agent may be used to terminate the reaction. The resultant copolymer may be in the form of solid pellets.

(9) II. Leaching of Polyamide 6/66 Copolymer Pellets.

(10) The polymerized pellets of the polyamide 6/66 copolymer are then leached in hot water with an agglomeration inhibitor for a period of time to remove or wash away any excess caprolactam and/or small molecular weight oligomers. The agglomeration inhibitor may be any long chain fatty acid of formula C.sub.10-25OOH, or amide of formula C.sub.10-25CONH.sub.2. The long chains of the foregoing agglomeration inhibitors may contain branching or unsaturation. The residence time period in a continuous process during which the polymerized pellets are leached can be as little as about 2 hours, 3 hours, or 4 hours, or as great as 5 hours, 6 hours, or 8 hours, or within any range defined between any two of the foregoing values, such 3 hours to 4 hours or 4 hours to 5 hours, for example. In some embodiments, the temperature of the hot water may be as low as 80° C., or as high as 160° C., or more specifically between 90° C. and 140° C. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the leaching process may be carried out at atmospheric pressure or under various pressures, for example, the pressure may be as low as 0 psi, or as high as 80 psi, or more specifically between 20 psi and 40 psi.

(11) The amount of agglomeration inhibitor used is as little as 0.05 wt. %, 0.1 wt. %, 0.2 wt. %, 0.4 wt. %, or 0.5 wt. %, or as great as 1.0 wt. %, 1.5 wt. %, or 2 wt. %, based on the total solids weight of the copolymer, or within any range defined between any two of the foregoing values, such as 0.05 wt. % to 2 wt. %, 0.1 wt. % to 1.5 wt. %, or 0.2 wt. % to 1 wt. %, for example.

(12) By leaching the polymerized pellets in hot water with an agglomeration inhibitor, some of the acid and/or amine terminal end groups of the polymer molecules on or near the surfaces of the pellets are reacted and bound to the agglomeration inhibitor, resulting in a lower overall extent of termination. Each pellet itself is composed of individual polymer molecules having an exposed surface, a subsurface region proximate to the surface, and a core in the middle of the pellet covered by the subsurface region. After the application of the hot water including the agglomeration inhibitor, a difference exists in the degree of termination of the copolymer end groups between the surface, subsurface region, and the core of the pellets. The difference generally results in a gradient of change, such that in cross section, each pellet includes more agglomeration inhibitor terminated end group sites at the surface than at the core, which may have no agglomeration inhibitor terminated end group sites. As such, in some embodiments, the number of terminal end groups at or near the surface of the pellets is less than the number of terminal end groups within the core of the pellets. Alternatively conceptualized, the agglomeration inhibitor may be thought of as at least partially coating the surfaces of the pellets to prevent agglomeration of the pellets.

(13) The agglomeration inhibitor may be stearic acid, for example, which reacts with the amine terminal end groups of the pellets, while in other embodiments, the agglomeration inhibitor may be stearamide, for example, which reacts with the acid terminal end groups of the pellets. Other agglomeration inhibitors include myristic acid (C14), palmitic acid (C16), linoleic acid (C18), and behenic acid (C22), for example.

(14) III. Properties of the Polyamide 6/66 Copolymers.

(15) The leached polyamide 6/66 copolymers have a lower degree of end group termination, measured by titrating the terminal end groups, as compared to polyamide 6/66 copolymers leached only with hot water. In particular, the polyamide 6/66 copolymers leached in the presence of an agglomeration inhibitor have a degree of termination that may be as low as 20 mEq/kg, 25 mEq/kg, 30 mEq/kg, or as high as 40 mEq/kg, 50 mEq/kg, 70 mEq/kg, or 80 mEq/kg, or within any range defined between any two of the foregoing values, such as 20 mEq/kg to 80 mEq/kg, 30 mEq/kg to 70 mEq/kg, or 20 mEq/kg to 30 mEq/kg. for example.

(16) The polyamide 6/66 copolymers leached in the presence of an agglomeration inhibitor also have a relatively low crush resistance as measured by a compression testing device according to ASTM 4179-11 as compared to polyamide 6/66 copolymers leached only with hot water. In particular, the polyamide 6/66 copolymers leached in the presence of an agglomeration inhibitor may have crush resistances as low as 1 lbf, 5, lbf, 10 lbf, or 15 lbf, or as high as 25 lbf, 35, lbf, 45 lbf, 55 lbf, or 65 lbf, or within any range defined between any two of the foregoing values, such as 1 lbf to 65 lbf, 5 lbf to 55 lbf, or 5 lbf to 25 lbf, for example.

(17) As used herein, the phrase “within any range defined between any two of the foregoing values” literally means that any range may be selected from any two of the values listed prior to such phrase regardless of whether the values are in the lower part of the listing or in the higher part of the listing. For example, a pair of values may be selected from two lower values, two higher values, or a lower value and a higher value.

EXAMPLES

(18) Formulations were tested using a compression testing device to determine crush resistance in accordance with ASTM D4179-11, and titration techniques to determine degrees of termination.

Example 1

Leaching with Stearic Acid

(19) A 5 gallon leaching pot was charged with 12 pounds of nylon copolymer and 12 liters of water. Subsequently, a 20 gram dispersion of stearic acid was added to the mixture within the leaching pot. The dispersion of stearic acid was prepared by ballmilling 100 parts stearic acid with 100 parts water and 1 part sodium lauryl sulfate surfactant. The mixture was leached at 120° C., and samples were removed at 3, 6, and 9 hours.

(20) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Crush Resistance and Amine Ends After Leaching Crush Crush Crush Amine Resistance Resistance Resistance Ends @ Mol. % Mol. % @ 3 hours @ 6 hours @ 9 hours 6 hours Ref. No. Caprolactam AH Salt (lbf) (lbf) (lbf) (mEq/kg) Sample 85 15 87 94 88 32 Control 85 15 52 23  8 26

Example 2

Leaching with Stearamide

(21) A 5 gallon leaching pot was charged with 12 pounds of nylon copolymer and 12 liters of water. Subsequently, a 5 gram dispersion of stearamide was added to the mixture within the leaching pot. The dispersion of stearamide was prepared by ballmilling 100 parts stearamide with 100 parts water and 1 part sodium lauryl sulfate surfactant. The mixture was leached at 130° C. and samples were removed at 3, 6, and 9 hours.

(22) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Crush Resistance and Amine Ends After Leaching Crush Crush Crush Amine Resistance Resistance Resistance Ends @ Mol. % Mol. % @ 3 hours @ 6 hours @ 9 hours 6 hours Ref. No. Caprolactam AH Salt (lbf) (lbf) (lbf) (mEq/kg) Sample 82 18 87 94 88 35 Control 82 18 45 15 n/a 29

(23) While this disclosure has been described as relative to exemplary designs, the present disclosure may be further modified within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Further, this application is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this disclosure pertains.