Abstract
The vehicle can have an engine and a moveable lift gate, a power unit driving the movement of the lift gate, the power unit including an electric motor and a capacitor pack, the capacitor pack being connected for powering the electrical motor, and being connectable to a DC alternator source of the engine.
Claims
1. A vehicle having an engine and a moveable lift gate, a power unit driving the movement of the lift gate, the power unit including an electric motor and a capacitor pack, the capacitor pack being connected for powering the electrical motor, and being connectable to a DC alternator source of the engine, wherein the capacitor pack is a supercapacitor bank including a plurality of supercapacitor elements in series between two main terminals, further comprising an additional terminal provided between each supercapacitor element, and control lines connected via the additional terminals and configured to measure the voltage of each supercapacitor element; and a computer operable to balance the voltage of the supercapacitor elements in real time based on the measured voltage.
2. The vehicle of claim 1 wherein the capacitor pack is connected to the electrical motor via an electrical cable having between 6 and 24 inches in length.
3. The vehicle of claim 1 wherein the capacitor pack is a supercapacitor bank including a plurality of Li-ion supercapacitors.
4. The vehicle of claim 1 wherein each supercapacitor element includes two individual elements in parallel.
5. The vehicle of claim 1 wherein the capacitor pack has sufficient power to drive the movement of the lift gate twice.
6. The vehicle of claim 1 wherein the electric motor is a rotary electric motor.
7. The vehicle of claim 1 wherein the capacitor pack is configured to deplete as it drives the movement of the lift gate.
Description
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
(1) In the figures,
(2) FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a lift gate having a power unit;
(3) FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the power unit of the system of FIG. 1;
(4) FIG. 3A is an oblique view of an example of a dumping trailer having a power unit;
(5) FIG. 3B is an oblique view of the power unit of the dumping trailer of FIG. 3A;
(6) FIGS. 4A and 4B are graphs showing values varying during corresponding successive electric motor cycles;
(7) FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an example of a capacitor pack;
(8) FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example of a capacitor pack in combination with an on-board fast charger having an optional overvoltage protection and voltage balancing function;
(9) FIGS. 7A and 7B are schematic view showing respective example modes of operation of a capacitor pack and charger.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
(10) FIG. 1 schematically depicts the different components of an example vehicle 10, such as a delivery truck for instance, which includes a lift gate 12 with a lift gate platform 14, an electric power unit 16, and an engine 18 (e.g. Diesel or gasoline engine) which provides a DC voltage source 20 to the electric power unit 16. The electric power unit 16 includes a capacitor pack 22, more specifically a supercapacitor bank in this case, which is used to power an electric motor 24. The electric motor 24 is used to move the lift gate platform 14 of the lift gate 12, which can be performed via an additional actuator such as a hydraulic cylinder, for instance. In an alternative embodiment, which will be detailed further below the vehicle can be a trailer instead of a delivery truck and the moveable component can be a pivotable open box of the trailer instead of a lift gate, for instance. Alternate embodiments can have any other suitable auxiliary equipment/moveable component. The supercapacitor bank is adapted to receive power from a DC voltage source. The DC voltage source 20 can be a low voltage source (e.g. equal to or less than 24 volts DC), such as an engine alternator voltage source of a motorized vehicle, for instance. Vehicle alternator DC sources are often slightly above 12 V DC (e.g. around 14 or 15 V DC). Accordingly, a suitable voltage protection device 26, such as a transformer for instance, can be used to reduce the voltage to a voltage found suitable for the capacitor pack, if required in the context of the specific capacitor pack selected for a given application.
(11) FIG. 2 provides more schematic detail about an example configuration for a supercapacitor bank 30. In this example, the supercapacitor bank 30 includes a plurality of supercapacitors elements 32, 34, 36 in series between two main terminals 38, 40. The DC voltage source 20 and the electric motor 24 can both be connected to the two main terminals 38, 36 of the supercapacitor bank. As shown in FIG. 2, a voltage protection circuit 26 can optionally be provided in relation with the supercapacitor elements. This embodiment has three supercapacitor elements 32, 34, 36, but it will be understood that the number of supercapacitor elements of a particular embodiment will be adapted as a function of the characteristics of the individual supercapacitor elements and of the requirements of the application, and therefore a different number of supercapacitor elements can be preferred in alternate embodiments.
(12) Turning now to FIGS. 3A and 3B, a second example is presented. In this example, two vehicles are involved: a towing vehicle having the engine (not shown), and a trailer vehicle 42 bearing the auxiliary equipment 44. The moveable component of the auxiliary equipment is a pivotable open box 46 in this example. The trailer 42 has a wheeled frame 48 with a coupling 50 at the front end. The nature of the coupling 50 can vary from one embodiment to another, and the coupling 50 can be a tow hitch or a fifth wheel coupling, to name two examples. The open box 46 is pivotally mounted around a transversal horizontal axis 52 for dumping as known in the art. An actuator, provided here in the form of a hydraulic cylinder 54, has a first end connected to the wheeled frame 48, and a second end connected to the open box 46. The actuator is operable to change the distance between the first end and the second end, thereby raising (for dumping) or lowering the front end of the open box.
(13) FIG. 3B, presents the power unit 16 in greater detail. An electric motor 24 is provided to drive a hydraulic pump which feeds hydraulic pressure to the actuator. The supercapacitor bank 30 is positioned close to the electric motor 24, in a manner to limit the length of cable required to connect the supercapacitor bank to the electric motor. In this example, the length of the cables can be between 6 and 24 inches, preferably below 18 inches, for instance.
(14) The DC voltage source 20 can be the vehicle's alternator, in which case a connector can be provided to connect an electrical wire/cable of the supercapacitor bank on the trailer 42 to an electrical wire/cable connected to the alternator in the vehicle. Such a connector can be the main power line for the trailer for instance, in which case the supercapacitor bank may be configured to share the towing vehicle alternator's power with other electrical devices of the trailer (e.g. lights).
(15) The example embodiment shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B were tested over various cycles. During testing over two successive cycles, the oil pressure, the current, and the voltage of the supercapacitor bank were measured and plotted against the graphs presented at FIGS. 4A and 4B. As shown, the results are positive. While the supercapacitor voltage lowered during the first activation (from 12 to 11 V), and lowered again during the second activation (from 11 to 10V), the operation of the electric motor which was driving the hydraulic pump was satisfactory over the two cycles.
(16) FIG. 5 shows an example of an alternate embodiment in which additional circuitry has been provided. More specifically, it can be seen that in this example, each one of the supercapacitor elements 32, 34, 36 includes two individual elements (e.g. C1, C4) in parallel. Additional terminals are provided between each supercapacitor element. Each individual supercapacitor element is provided with cell overvoltage protection and voltage balance circuitry. The individual elements can be Li-ion capacitors, for instance.
(17) FIG. 6 presents other details of one possible embodiment. In particular, the additional terminals can be used to connect control lines (Vc1, Vc2, Vc3) which can measure the voltage of each individual supercapacitor element. This data can be provided to a computer, such as a programmable integrated circuit for instance, which can then be used to toggle DC contactors of a charging unit to balance the voltage between the individual supercapacitor elements in real time. Examples of this balancing operation is shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B. In FIG. 7A, the DC contactors K1 and K3 are activated to direct current from the DC source solely to supercapacitor element Cl. This can correspond to a scenario where the voltage of supercapacitor element Cl is below the voltage of supercapacitors C2 and C3, for instance. In FIG. 7B, contactors K2 and K6 are activated to direct current from the DC source to both supercapacitor elements C2 and C3. This can correspond to a scenario where the voltage of supercapacitor element C1 is above the voltage of supercapacitors C2 and C3, for instance. When the supercapacitor elements are balanced, normal charging operation can occur by activating contacting elements K1 and K6, for instance. Such a voltage balancing circuit is optional. In some embodiments, disbalance between the voltage of capacitor elements can be considered entirely acceptable, or otherwise acceptable to the extent that the extra costs associated to balancing circuitry are not worth investing into. It will be understood that in this example, the supercapacitor bank has three supercapacitor elements, but that in alternate embodiments having less or more than three supercapacitor elements, the circuit can be adapted accordingly.
(18) In an alternate embodiment, the actuator can be electrical instead of hydraulic, and can thus directly be the electric motor which is powered by the capacitor pack. This may require additional circuitry, however, as many electric cylinders require more precise voltage to be activated than rotary electric motors do.
(19) As can be understood, the examples described above and illustrated are intended to be exemplary only. Indeed, supercapacitors can be used to drive the movement of a moveable component on an auxiliary equipment (e.g. a high power equipment such as an open box, other than the wheels) on a motorized vehicle (a vehicle having an engine driving the movement of its wheels). Indeed, many vehicles, motorized or not, have auxiliary equipment which are designed for intermittent use, and which can advantageously be powered by a capacitor pack rather than a battery. Delivery trucks are an example as many delivery trucks have lift gates which are raised and lowered at each delivery location. The charging of the capacitor pack by the alternator can be performed in a few minutes, which it typically less than the amount of time between delivery locations. The scope is indicated by the appended claims.
