Outboard motor

Abstract

An outboard motor includes an engine, a cooling water passage, a pump that is driven in conjunction with the engine, an inlet water passage that branches from the cooling water passage, an oil cooler, an outlet water passage, a first thermostat located in the cooling water passage, and a second thermostat. The pump takes outside water into the cooling water passage. The oil cooler includes a water-storing space into which water in the inlet water passage is taken. The outlet water passage is connected to an outlet of the oil cooler. The first thermostat increases and decreases the flow rate of water flowing through the engine. The second thermostat is located at the outlet or at the outlet water passage, and increases and decreases the flow rate of water flowing through the outlet water passage.

Claims

1. An outboard motor comprising: an engine; a cooling water passage through which water flows from an inflow port, located in outside water outside the outboard motor, to an outflow port, via the engine; a pump that takes the outside water from the inflow port into the cooling water passage by being driven in conjunction with the engine; an inlet water passage that branches from the cooling water passage; an oil cooler that cools lubrication oil in the engine, the oil cooler including an inlet connected to the inlet water passage, a water-storing space into which water in the inlet water passage is taken from the inlet, and an outlet from which water in the water-storing space is discharged; an outlet water passage connected to the outlet; a first thermostat located in the cooling water passage and that increases and decreases a flow rate of water flowing through the engine; and a second thermostat located at the outlet or at the outlet water passage and that increases and decreases a flow rate of water flowing through the outlet water passage.

2. The outboard motor according to claim 1, wherein the outlet water passage is joined to the cooling water passage.

3. The outboard motor according to claim 1, wherein the engine includes an engine block in which the lubrication oil is contained; and the oil cooler is located at a wall that is bathed in the lubrication oil in the engine block.

4. The outboard motor according to claim 3, wherein the oil cooler includes the wall and a cover attached to the wall and that defines the water-storing space.

5. The outboard motor according to claim 4, wherein the outlet is located in the cover.

6. The outboard motor according to claim 1, wherein the oil cooler includes a plurality of oil coolers.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an outboard motor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

(2) FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a main portion of the outboard motor from which an engine cover has been detached.

(3) FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a cooling device in the outboard motor.

(4) FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an oil cooler of the outboard motor.

(5) FIG. 5 is a graph showing a relationship between the number of revolutions of an engine and an oil temperature.

(6) FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a cooling device according to a modified preferred embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(7) Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be hereinafter described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic front perspective view of an outboard motor 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 depicts the outboard motor 1 in a basic attitude. The basic attitude is an attitude of the outboard motor 1 when a rotation axis 2A of a propeller 2 in the outboard motor 1 extends along both the horizontal direction and the front-rear direction. The front-rear direction, the left-right direction, and the up-down direction in the following description correspond to the front-rear direction, the left-right direction, and the up-down direction taken when the outboard motor 1 is in the basic attitude, respectively.

(8) The outboard motor 1 includes an outboard motor body 10 and a mounting mechanism (not shown) to mount the outboard motor body 10 on a hull (not shown). In a state of being supported by the mounting mechanism, the outboard motor body 10 is turnable upwardly and downwardly around an abscissa axis 11 extending in the left-right direction, and is turnable rightwardly and leftwardly around an ordinate axis 12 extending in the up-down direction. The outboard motor body 10 includes the propeller 2, an engine 13, a drive shaft 14, a propeller shaft 15, a gear mechanism 16, a casing 17, an exhaust guide 18 (see FIG. 2 described below), and an engine cover 19.

(9) The engine 13 is preferably an internal combustion engine, and a piston (not shown) and a crankshaft 20 (see FIG. 3 described below) are built into the engine 13. The crankshaft 20 is rotated around a crankshaft axis 20A extending in the up-down direction (see FIG. 3) by the reciprocating rectilinear motion of the piston.

(10) The drive shaft 14 is connected to a lower end of the crankshaft 20, and extends downwardly. The drive shaft 14 rotates together with the crankshaft 20. The propeller shaft 15 extends along the front-rear direction below a lower end of the drive shaft 14. The gear mechanism 16 connects the lower end of the drive shaft 14 and a front end of the propeller shaft 15 to each other. The propeller 2 is attached to a rear end of the propeller shaft 15. The rotation of the drive shaft 14 in response to the driving of the engine 13 is transmitted to the propeller shaft 15 by the gear mechanism 16. Consequently, the propeller 2 is driven and rotated by the engine 13. The rotation axis 2A of the propeller 2 coincides with a central axis of the propeller shaft 15. A thrust by which the hull is moved forwardly or backwardly is generated by the rotation of the propeller 2.

(11) The casing 17 is a hollow body that extends in the up-down direction, and contains the drive shaft 14, the propeller shaft 15, and the gear mechanism 16. The propeller shaft 15 and the gear mechanism 16 are contained in a lower case 17A that is a lower end portion of the casing 17. The propeller 2 is located outside the lower case 17A. When the outboard motor 1 is in the basic attitude, the propeller 2 and the lower case 17A are located in the outside water.

(12) The exhaust guide 18 is preferably plate shaped or substantially plate shaped. The exhaust guide 18 is attached to an upper end portion of the casing 17 so as to close an internal space of the casing 17 from above. The engine 13 is mounted on an upper surface of the exhaust guide 18. The engine cover 19 is preferably box shaped or substantially box shaped, and is positioned above the casing 17, and covers the engine 13.

(13) FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a main portion of the outboard motor 1 from which the engine cover 19 has been detached. The engine 13 includes an engine block 21. The engine block 21 includes a crankcase 22 that contains the crankshaft 20 and a cylinder 23 that contains the piston. The engine 13 additionally includes a cylinder head (not shown) located behind the engine block 21. A combustion chamber (not shown) surrounded by the piston, the cylinder head, and the cylinder 23, is provided in the cylinder 23. Fuel is jetted into the combustion chamber, and, as a result, an air-fuel mixture is generated, and the piston is linearly reciprocated by the combustion of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. Lubrication oil, such as engine oil, is contained in the crankcase 22. The range of an optimum temperature of the lubrication oil is, for example, from about 70 C. to about 120 C.

(14) The outboard motor 1 includes a cooling device 25 that cools each component of the outboard motor 1 including the engine 13. FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the cooling device 25. The cooling device 25 includes a cooling water passage 26, an inlet water passage 27, an oil cooler 28, an outlet water passage 29, a pump 30, a first thermostat 31, and a second thermostat 32.

(15) The cooling water passage 26 includes an inflow port 26A and an outflow port 26B, and extends from the inflow port 26A to the outflow port 26B. The inflow port 26A is opened at an outer surface of the lower case 17A of the casing 17 (see FIG. 1). When the outboard motor 1 is in the basic attitude, the inflow port 26A is located in the outside water. A plurality of inflow ports 26A may be provided. The outflow port 26B is opened at an outer surface of the casing 17. The cooling water passage 26 includes a halfway portion 26C passing through the engine block 21. The halfway portion 26C extends along an outer surface of the engine block 21, and passes through a wall of the engine block 21. In the cooling water passage 26, most portions except the inflow port 26A, the outflow port 26B, and the halfway portion 26C are located in the casing 17.

(16) The inlet water passage 27 branches from a portion closer to the inflow port 26A than the halfway portion 26C in the cooling water passage 26.

(17) A single oil cooler 28 or a plurality of oil coolers 28 may be provided. The outboard motor 1 in the present preferred embodiment includes two oil coolers 28A and 28B, for example. These are referred to generically as the oil cooler 28 when necessary. Each oil cooler 28 is located at a wall 21A that is bathed in lubrication oil J in the engine block 21. An inner surface of the wall 21A is bathed in the lubrication oil J stirred by the rotating crankshaft 20. For example, the oil cooler 28A is located at a front wall of the crankcase 22, and the oil cooler 28B is located at a right wall of the cylinder 23 (see FIG. 2). The front wall of the crankcase 22 and the right wall of the cylinder 23 are each an example of the wall 21A. The oil cooler 28 includes the wall 21A and a cover 33 (see FIG. 4 described below). The cover 33 is attached to the wall 21A by a fastener member (not shown) such as a bolt or the like. A sealed water-storing space 34 is defined by the wall 21A and the cover 33. The oil cooler 28 includes the water-storing space 34, an inlet 35, and an outlet 36. The inlet 35 and the outlet 36 are provided in the cover 33, and communicate with the water-storing space 34 (see FIG. 4). The inlet 35 is connected to the inlet water passage 27. The inlet water passage 27 branches into two end portions 27A and 27B corresponding to the two oil coolers 28. The end portions 27A and 27B are connected to the inlet 35 of the oil cooler 28A and the inlet 35 of the oil cooler 28B, respectively.

(18) The outlet water passage 29 includes an outlet water passage 29A connected to the outlet 36 of the oil cooler 28A and an outlet water passage 29B connected to the outlet 36 of the oil cooler 28B. The outlet water passage 29A and the outlet water passage 29B join each other, and become a single outlet water passage 29, and this single outlet water passage 29 joins a portion closer to the outflow port 26B than the halfway portion 26C in the cooling water passage 26.

(19) The pump 30 is located at a portion closer to the inflow port 26A than a connection portion 26D joined to the inlet water passage 27 in the cooling water passage 26. The pump 30 includes an impeller 30A that rotates together with the drive shaft 14 and a pump case 30B that contains the impeller 30A (see FIG. 1). An internal space of the pump case 30B defines and functions as a portion of the cooling water passage 26.

(20) When the drive shaft 14 rotates in response to the driving of the engine 13, the impeller 30A rotates. In other words, the pump 30 is driven in conjunction with the engine 13. Water outside the outboard motor 1 is taken from the inflow port 26A into the cooling water passage 26 as indicated by an arrow Y1 by the rotation of the impeller 30A, and flows through the cooling water passage 26 to the outflow port 26B as cooling water. Cooling water flows through the cooling water passage 26 from the engine 13 into the halfway portion 26C, and hence cools the engine 13. The cooling water that has flowed to the outflow port 36B is discharged from the outflow port 26B to the outside of the outboard motor 1 as indicated by an arrow Y2.

(21) A portion of the cooling water flowing through the cooling water passage 26 flows into the inlet water passage 27 in the connection portion 26D of the cooling water passage 26, and is taken from the inlet 35 of each oil cooler 28 into the water-storing space 34 of the oil cooler 28. The cooling water that has been taken into the water-storing space 34 cools the wall 21A of the engine block 21 that defines a portion of the water-storing space 34. Consequently, the lubrication oil J in the engine block 21 is cooled when the wall 21A is bathed in the lubrication oil J. The cooling water in the water-storing space 34 is discharged from the outlet 36, and flows out to the outlet water passage 29, and then returns to the cooling water passage 26, and is discharged from the outflow port 26B to the outside of the outboard motor 1.

(22) The first thermostat 31 is located at a portion closer to the halfway portion 26C than the connection portion 26E joined to the outlet water passage 29 in the cooling water passage 26. The first thermostat 31 is opened and closed in accordance with the temperature of cooling water flowing through the halfway portion 26C of the cooling water passage 26, and its opening degree changes to an arbitrary value ranging from 0% to 100%. Consequently, the first thermostat 31 increases and decreases the flow rate of cooling water flowing from the engine 13 into the halfway portion 26C. The first thermostat 31 is in a fully closed state when the opening degree is 0%. In this state, the halfway portion 26C is shut off, and therefore the flow rate of cooling water flowing from the engine 13 into the halfway portion 26C becomes zero. The first thermostat 31 is in a fully open state when the opening degree is 100%, and, in this state, the flow rate of cooling water flowing from the engine 13 into the halfway portion 26C becomes the maximum.

(23) The second thermostat 32 includes a second thermostat 32A located at the outlet water passage 29A and a second thermostat 32B located at the outlet water passage 29B. The second thermostat 32A is opened and closed in accordance with the temperature of cooling water flowing through the outlet water passage 29A, and its opening degree changes to an arbitrary value ranging from 0% to 100%. Consequently, the second thermostat 32A increases and decreases the flow rate of cooling water that flows out from the water-storing space 34 of the oil cooler 28A and then flows through the outlet water passage 29A. The second thermostat 32B is opened and closed in accordance with the temperature of cooling water flowing through the outlet water passage 29B, and its opening degree changes to an arbitrary value ranging from 0% to 100%. Consequently, the second thermostat 32B increases and decreases the flow rate of cooling water that flows out from the water-storing space 34 of the oil cooler 28B and then flows through the outlet water passage 29B. The second thermostats 32A and 32B are each in a fully closed state when the opening degree is 0%. In this state, the outlet water passages 29A and 29B are shut off, and therefore the flow rates of cooling water flowing through the outlet water passages 29A and 29B each become zero. The second thermostats 32A and 32B are each in a fully open state when the opening degree is 100%, and, in this state, the flow rates of cooling water flowing through the outlet water passages 29A and 29B each become the maximum.

(24) As described above, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pump 30 driven in conjunction with the engine 13 takes outside water into the cooling water passage 26 from the inflow port 26A that is located in the water. Outside water that has been taken into the cooling water passage 26 flows through the engine 13 and cools the engine 13 as cooling water, and then flows out from the outflow port 26B. The first thermostat 31 located at the cooling water passage 26 is opened and closed so as to increase and decrease the flow rate of cooling water flowing from the engine 13 into the cooling water passage 26. The flow rate of cooling water flowing from the engine 13 increases due to the first thermostat 31 increasing the opening degree, and therefore it is possible to prevent the engine 13 from being overheated. The flow rate thereof decreases due to the first thermostat 31 decreasing the opening degree, and therefore it is possible to prevent the engine 13 from being cooled excessively.

(25) The inlet water passage 27 that branches from the cooling water passage 26 is connected to the inlet 35 of the oil cooler 28. Cooling water that has flowed into the inlet water passage 27 from the cooling water passage 26 is taken from the inlet 35 into the water-storing space 34 of the oil cooler 28, and cools the lubrication oil J of the engine 13 in the water-storing space 34, and then flows out from the outlet 36 of the oil cooler 28 to the outlet water passage 29. The second thermostat 32 located at the outlet water passage 29 is opened and closed so as to increase and decrease the flow rate of cooling water in the outlet water passage 29.

(26) More specifically, when outside water has a low temperature or when the number of revolutions of the engine 13 is low because of, for example, start-up time, i.e., when the lubrication oil J has a low temperature, the second thermostat 32 decreases its opening degree in accordance with the temperature of the low-temperature cooling water flowing out from the water-storing space 34. Consequently, the second thermostat 32 decreases the flow rate of cooling water in the outlet water passage 29. Therefore, the amount of cooling water taken into the water-storing space 34 decreases, and therefore it is possible to prevent a decrease in the oil temperature. In this state, the lubrication oil J is easily warmed by the engine 13, and therefore it is possible to swiftly increase the oil temperature to the optimum temperature. When the second thermostat 32 decreases its opening degree, the first thermostat 31 also decreases its opening degree, and therefore the engine 13 is also prevented from being lowered in temperature. Preferably, at this time, the flow rate of water flowing through the outlet water passage 29 (i.e., the opening degree of the second thermostat 32) is zero, and yet it may be larger than zero if it is slight. The same applies to the flow rate of cooling water flowing through the engine 13.

(27) On the other hand, when the engine 13 rotates at high speed, i.e., when the lubrication oil J has a high temperature, the second thermostat 32 increases its opening degree in accordance with the temperature of cooling water that has become high in temperature due to heat exchange with the lubrication oil J. Consequently, the second thermostat 32 increases the flow rate of cooling water in the outlet water passage 29. Therefore, the lubrication oil J is effectively cooled by a large amount of cooling water newly taken into the water-storing space 34, and therefore it is possible to prevent the oil temperature from exceeding the optimum temperature. At this time, the first thermostat 31 increases its opening degree so as to increase the flow rate of cooling water flowing through the engine 13, and therefore the engine 13 is also prevented from becoming high in temperature.

(28) Based on the above result, it is possible to keep the oil temperature at the optimum temperature regardless of the surrounding environment or the number of revolutions of the engine 13. The supplied amount of cooling water to the oil cooler 28 is variable when the oil temperature is low and when the oil temperature is high as described above, and therefore it is possible to keep the oil temperature at the optimum temperature even if the amount of heat generated by the engine 13 or the cooling area of the oil cooler 28 is not varied.

(29) FIG. 5 is a graph showing a relationship between the number of revolutions of the engine 13 and an oil temperature. In the graph of FIG. 5, the abscissa axis indicates the number of revolutions of the engine 13 (unit: rpm), and the ordinate axis indicates an oil temperature (unit: C.). In a comparative example in which the cooling device 25 of the present preferred embodiment is not provided, in a low-temperature environment in which the temperature of the outside water is about 0 C., the oil temperature is about 40 C. when the engine 13 rotates at low speed, whereas the oil temperature is about 110 C. when the engine 13 rotates at high speed (see the broken line). In this comparative example, in a high-temperature environment in which the temperature of the outside water is about 30 C., the oil temperature is about 60 C. when the engine 13 rotates at low speed, whereas the oil temperature is about 120 C., for example, when the engine 13 rotates at high speed (see the alternate long and short dashed line). On the other hand, in the present preferred embodiment in which the cooling device 25 is provided, regardless of the temperature of outside water, the oil temperature is about 80 C. when the engine 13 rotates at low speed, whereas the oil temperature is about 120 C., for example, when the engine 13 rotates at high speed (see the solid line). In short, in the present preferred embodiment, it is possible to keep the highest oil temperature during high-speed engine revolutions at the same level as in the comparative example, and it is possible to make the lowest oil temperature during low-speed engine revolutions higher than in the comparative example. Additionally, in the present preferred embodiment, it is possible to keep the oil temperature at the optimum temperature within a predetermined range (herein, about 70 C. to about 120 C., for example) regardless of the temperature of the outside water and regardless of the number of revolutions of the engine 13.

(30) Additionally, the second thermostat 32 is located at the outlet water passage 29, and therefore it is possible to perform an opening-closing operation based on the temperature of cooling water immediately after heat exchange with the lubrication oil J in the oil cooler 28. Consequently, when the engine 13 rotates at high speed, the second thermostat 32 increases its opening degree so that the temperature of cooling water whose temperature has become higher due to heat exchange with the lubrication oil J in the oil cooler 28 becomes lower, and increases the flow rate of cooling water flowing through the outlet water passage 29. On the other hand, for example, when outside water has a low temperature, the second thermostat 32 decreases its opening degree so that the temperature of cooling water whose temperature is still low after heat exchange with the lubrication oil J in the oil cooler 28 becomes higher, and decreases the flow rate of cooling water flowing through the outlet water passage 29. The second thermostat 32 may be located at the outlet 36 of the oil cooler 28, and, in this case, it is possible to achieve the same operations and effects as in a case in which the second thermostat 32 is located at the outlet water passage 29. It is also possible to locate the second thermostat 32 at the inlet 35 of the oil cooler 28.

(31) According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outlet water passage 29 joins the cooling water passage 26. With this structure, cooling water that has flowed out from the outlet 36 of the oil cooler 28 to the outlet water passage 29 is returned to the cooling water passage 26, and is discharged outwardly from the outflow port 26B. Therefore, another other outflow port, different from the outflow port 26B, is not required to be provided as a discharge port to outwardly discharge cooling water flowing through the outlet water passage 29. It is possible to keep the oil temperature at an optimum temperature with this simple structure. If a simple structure is not necessary, another outflow port may be provided independently of the outflow port 26B so that cooling water in the outlet water passage 29 and cooling water in the cooling water passage 26 are discharged individually.

(32) According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the engine 13 includes the engine block 21 in which the lubrication oil J is contained, and the oil cooler 28 is located at the wall 21A that is bathed in the lubrication oil J in the engine block 21. With this structure, the lubrication oil J in which the wall 21A in the engine block 21 has been bathed is cooled by allowing cooling water taken into the water-storing space 34 of the oil cooler 28 to cool the wall 21A. Therefore, a structure in which the lubrication oil J in the engine block 21 is taken out, and is cooled by the oil cooler 28, and is then returned into the engine block 21 is not required. It is possible to keep the oil temperature at the optimum temperature with this simple structure. If a simple structure is not necessary, it is permissible to dispose the oil cooler 28 separately from the engine block 21, and take out the lubrication oil J in the engine block 21, and cool the lubrication oil J with the oil cooler 28, and then return the lubrication oil J into the engine block 21.

(33) According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the oil cooler 28 includes the wall 21A and the cover 33 that is attached to the wall 21A and that defines the water-storing space 34. With this structure, it is possible to define the water-storing space 34 by attaching the cover 33 to the wall 21A. It is possible to keep the oil temperature at the optimum temperature with this simple structure.

(34) According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outlet 36 is provided in the cover 33. With this structure, it is possible to allow cooling water in the water-storing space 34 to flow out from the outlet 36 to the outlet water passage 29 by connecting the outlet water passage 29 to the outlet 36 of the cover 33.

(35) According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outboard motor 1 includes a plurality of oil coolers 28. With this structure, the cooling effect of the lubrication oil J is increased by the plurality of oil coolers 28, and therefore it is possible to prevent the oil temperature from exceeding the optimum temperature. Likewise, with this structure, it is possible to swiftly increase the oil temperature to the optimum temperature while preventing a decrease in the oil temperature by the second thermostat 32, for example, when the outside water has a low temperature or when the number of revolutions of the engine 13 is low, and therefore it is possible to keep the oil temperature at the optimum temperature.

(36) Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not restricted to the contents of these preferred embodiments and various modifications are possible within the scope of the present invention.

(37) The second thermostat 32 may be located at a junction portion between the outlet water passage 29A and the outlet water passage 29B as shown in FIG. 6 and not located at both the outlet water passage 29A and the outlet water passage 29B into which the outlet water passage 29 branches, as in the above-described preferred embodiments.

(38) A heat exchanger (not shown) different from the oil cooler 28 may be spaced apart from the engine 13 or from the oil cooler 28 so that the lubrication oil J is cooled by the heat exchanger and the oil cooler 28.

(39) An electric component may be attached to the cover 33 of the oil cooler 28. With this structure, it is possible to cool the electric component placed on the cover 33 by cooling water in the water-storing space 34 of the oil cooler 28.

(40) The pump 30 continuously takes cooling water into the cooling water passage 26 during the operation of the engine 13 even in a state in which the opening degree of the first thermostat 31 or of the second thermostat 32 is small, and therefore it is assumed that water pressure in the cooling water passage 26 will increase. Therefore, a relief valve (not shown), such as a pressure control valve, may be provided in the cooling water passage 26. In this case, a by-pass flow passage (not shown) that connects the relief valve to a portion closer to the outflow port 26B than the connection portion 26E in the cooling water passage 26 may be provided, for example. The relief valve is opened in accordance with an increase in the water pressure in the inside of the cooling water passage 26 to a predetermined value, and therefore water upstream of the relief valve in the cooling water passage 26 escapes to the outflow port 26B through the by-pass flow passage, and is forcibly discharged outwardly from the outboard motor 1.

(41) Also, features of two or more of the various preferred embodiments described above may be combined.

(42) While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it is to be understood that variations and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention, therefore, is to be determined solely by the following claims.