Phenyl c-glucoside derivative containing deoxyglucose structure, preparation method and use thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a phenyl C-glucoside derivative containing a deoxyglucose structure as represented by formula I, preparation method thereof, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, and uses thereof in the preparation of medicaments for treating diabetes, wherein substituents R.sup.1-R.sup.7 are as defined in the specification. The present invention also provides a method for synthesizing the phenyl C-glucoside derivative containing a deoxyglucose structure and an intermediate product. The method has advantages of being simple to manage and of low cost, which is suitable for large-scale industrial production. The present invention further provides a cocrystal of (1S)-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1,6-dideoxy-D-glucose and L-proline, and preparation method and uses thereof. ##STR00001##

Claims

1. A compound having one of the following structures or a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug ester thereof: ##STR00325## ##STR00326## ##STR00327## ##STR00328##

2. The compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug ester thereof according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug ester includes an ester formed by one or more hydroxyl groups on the molecule of the compound having general formula I with acetyl, pivaloyl, phosphoryl, carbamoyl and/or alkoxycarbonyl.

3. A method for preparing a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug ester thereof according to claim 1, the method comprising using an undeoxidized phenyl C-glucoside having the same structure as that of the target product as raw materials, when the target product is a fully deoxidized phenyl C-glucoside, the method comprises converting all the hydroxyl groups on the sugar ring into iodine with an iodizating reagent, and then removing the iodine on the sugar ring by reduction so as to obtain the target product; when the target product is a partially deoxidized phenyl C-glucoside, the method comprises the following steps: (1) hydroxyl protection: protecting the hydroxyl to be retained on the sugar ring with a hydroxyl protecting reagent; (2) dehydroxylation: converting the hydroxyls to be removed on the sugar ring into iodine with an iodizating reagent, and then reducing the iodine on the sugar ring so as to remove the hydroxyls to be removed; and (3) deprotection: removing the hydroxyl protecting group in the compound obtained in the above step so as to obtain the target product.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the iodizating reagent is I.sub.2/triphenylphosphine/imidazole reagent.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the method for reducing in the step (2) is palladium-catalyzed hydrogenation or reducing with n-Bu.sub.3SnH/AIBN reagent.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the hydroxyl-protecting reagent is selected from one or more of acetic anhydride, acetyl chloride, tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (TBDMSCl), tert-butyldiphenylsilyl chloride (TBDPSCl), benzoyl chloride, p-methyl benzoyl chloride, pivaloyl chloride, (dimethoxymethyl)benzene(PhCH(OMe).sub.2), benzoic acid, 1,1,2,2-tetramethoxy cyclohexane/trimethyl orthoformate, chloroacetyl chloride and bromoacetyl chloride.

7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the hydroxyl-protecting reagent is selected from one or more of acetic anhydride, acetyl chloride, tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (TBDMSCl), tert-butyldiphenylsilyl chloride (TBDPSCl), benzoyl chloride, p-methyl benzoyl chloride, pivaloyl chloride, (dimethoxymethyl)benzene(PhCH(OMe).sub.2), benzoic acid, 1,1,2,2-tetramethoxy cyclohexane/trimethyl orthoformate, chloroacetyl chloride and bromoacetyl chloride.

8. The method according to claim 3, wherein the method for reducing in the step (2) is palladium-catalyzed hydrogenation or reducing with n-Bu.sub.3SnH/AIBN reagent.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the hydroxyl-protecting reagent is selected from one or more of acetic anhydride, acetyl chloride, tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (TBDMSCl), tert-butyldiphenylsilyl chloride (TBDPSCl), benzoyl chloride, p-methyl benzoyl chloride, pivaloyl chloride, (dimethoxymethyl)benzene(PhCH(OMe).sub.2), benzoic acid, 1,1,2,2-tetramethoxy cyclohexane/trimethyl orthoformate, chloroacetyl chloride and bromoacetyl chloride.

10. The method according to claim 3, wherein the hydroxyl-protecting reagent is selected from one or more of acetic anhydride, acetyl chloride, tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (TBDMSCl), tert-butyldiphenylsilyl chloride (TBDPSCl), benzoyl chloride, p-methyl benzoyl chloride, pivaloyl chloride, (dimethoxymethyl)benzene(PhCH(OMe).sub.2), benzoic acid, 1,1,2,2-tetramethoxy cyclohexane/trimethyl orthoformate, chloroacetyl chloride and bromoacetyl chloride.

11. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug ester thereof according to claim 1, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents.

12. The composition according to claim 11, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug ester includes an ester formed by one or more hydroxyl groups on the molecule of the compound having general formula I with acetyl, pivaloyl, phosphoryl, carbamoyl and/or alkoxycarbonyl.

13. A method for inhibiting SGLT2 enzyme in a subject, the method comprising administering a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug ester thereof according to claim 1 to a subject in an amount effective to inhibit SGLT2 enzyme.

14. A method for treating diabetes, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug ester thereof according to claim 1 to a patient in need of treatment.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The embodiments of the present invention are now illustrated in more detail with reference to the drawings, wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 illustrates the Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) spectra of the cocrystal prepared in example 138;

(3) FIG. 2 illustrates the PXRD spectra of the cocrystal prepared in example 138;

(4) FIG. 3 illustrates the .sup.1H NMR spectra of the cocrystal prepared in example 138;

(5) FIG. 4 illustrates the Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) spectra of the I-D1-6 raw materials for preparing cocrystal;

(6) FIG. 5 illustrates the PXRD spectra of the I-D1-6 raw materials for preparing cocrystal;

(7) FIG. 6 illustrates the Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) spectra of the cocrystal of L-proline for preparing cocrystal;

(8) FIG. 7 illustrates the PXRD spectra of the L-proline for preparing cocrystal.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

(9) The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the examples below. It is necessary to state that, the examples below are only for illustration, but not for limitation of the present invention. Various alterations that are made by a person skilled in the art in accordance with teaching from the present invention should be within the scope claimed by the claims of the present invention.

Example 1

Preparation of (1S)-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl) phenyl]-1,6-dideoxy-D-glucose (I-D1-6)

(10) ##STR00090##
A.

(11) 4.09 g (10 mmol) of compound 1 is dissolved in 30 mL of dry DMF, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 2.72 g (40 mmol) of imidazole is added, and then 1.66 g (11 mmol) of TBDMSCl (tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride) is added dropwise slowly over 15 min. After the addition, the reaction compounds is stirred for another 3 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with 150 mL of dichloromethane, washed with 50 mL3 of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 2, a white foam-like solid. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz), 7.35 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.28 (d, 1H, J=2.0 Hz), 7.17 (dd, 1H, J=2.0 Hz and 8.4 Hz), 7.05 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 6.79 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 4.92-4.95 (m, 2H), 4.81 (d, 1H, J=6.0 Hz), 3.93-3.99 (m, 5H), 3.85 (d, 1H, J=10.4 Hz), 3.66 (dd, 1H, J=5.2 Hz and 11.6 Hz), 3.17-3.28 (m, 3H), 3.02-3.08 (m, 1H), 1.28 (t, 3H, J=7.0 Hz), 0.80 (s, 9H), 0.05 (s, 3H), 0.09 (s, 3H).

(12) B.

(13) 4.19 g (8 mmol) of compound 2 is dissolved in 30 mL of pyridine, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath. 15 mL of acetic anhydride is added dropwise slowly, and then 0.1 g of DMAP (4-dimethylaminopyridine) is added. After the addition, the reaction mixture is further stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is dumped into 200 mL of ice water, stirred, and extracted with 50 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed successively with 50 mL 5% of diluted hydrochloric acid and 100 mL of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 3, a white solid, with a melting point of 101-102 C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.19-7.22 (m, 2H), 7.03 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 6.80 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 5.30 (t, 1H, J=9.4 Hz), 5.06 (t, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 4.83 (t, 1H, J=9.8 Hz), 4.61 (d, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 3.90-4.00 (m, 4H), 3.81-3.84 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.71 (m, 2H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.90 (s, 3H), 1.69 (s, 3H), 1.28 (t, 3H, J=7.0 Hz), 0.82 (s, 9H), 0.03 (s, 3H), 0.08 (s, 3H).

(14) C.

(15) 3.90 g (6 mmol) of compound 3 is dissolved in 50 mL 90% of acetic acid solution, stirred for 5 hours at 45 C., and then dumped into 200 mL of ice water, adjusted to pH=7-8 with saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution, and extracted with 50 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with 100 mL of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 4, a white solid, melting point 120-121 C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz), 7.38-7.41 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.20 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.05 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 6.81 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 5.29 (t, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 5.02 (t, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 4.90 (t, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 4.75 (t, 1H, J=5.8 Hz), 4.59 (d, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 3.92-4.01 (m, 3H), 3.74-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.48-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.39-3.43 (m, 1H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.91 (s, 3H), 1.68 (s, 3H), 1.28 (t, 3H, J=7.0 Hz).

(16) D.

(17) 12.69 g (50 mmol) of iodine is dissolved in 50 mL of dry dichloromethane, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 13.11 g (50 mmol) of triphenylphosphine is added slowly, after addition the reaction compounds are stirred for another 10 min. 13.62 g (200 mmol) of imidazole is then added slowly, and is stirred for another hour after the addition. 2.67 g (5 mmol) of compound 5 is added to the above resulting system, and after the addition the reaction compounds are stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with 200 mL of dichloromethane, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 5, a white solid, melting point 141-142 C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz), 7.43 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.24 (dd, 1H, J=2.0 Hz and 8.4 Hz), 7.20 (d, 1H, J=2.0 Hz), 7.06 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 6.82 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 5.35 (t, 1H, J=9.4 Hz), 4.92 (t, 1H, J=9.4 Hz), 4.86 (t, 1H, J=9.8 Hz), 4.71 (d, 1H, J=10.0 Hz), 3.92-4.01 (m, 4H), 3.68-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.49 (dd, 1H, J=2.8 Hz and 11.2 Hz), 3.23-3.27 (m, 1H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.90 (s, 3H), 1.69 (s, 3H), 1.28 (t, 3H, J=7.0 Hz).

(18) E.

(19) 1.93 g (3 mmol) of compound 5, 2.91 g (10 mmol) of n-Bu.sub.3SnH and 0.49 g (3 mmol) of AIBN are dissolved in 20 mL of dry benzene, heated to reflux for 3 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. After cooling the reaction mixture is diluted with 100 mL of dichloromethane, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 6, a white foam-like solid. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz), 7.39 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.23-7.26 (m, 2H), 7.04 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 6.81 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 5.26 (t, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 4.94 (t, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 4.83 (t, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 4.57 (d, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 3.92-4.01 (m, 4H), 3.80-3.87 (m, 1H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.91 (s, 3H), 1.67 (s, 3H), 1.28 (t, 3H, J=6.8 Hz), 1.12 (d, 3H, J=6.0 Hz). .sup.13C NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 100 MHz), 169.55, 169.49, 168.41, 156.91, 138.35, 136.52, 132.82, 130.92, 130.16, 129.50, 129.25, 126.57, 114.27, 77.52, 73.25, 73.01, 72.95, 72.65, 62.85, 37.37, 20.42, 20.26, 19.98, 17.33, 14.60.

(20) F.

(21) 0.2 g of metallic sodium is added to 10 mL of dry absolute methanol, stirred under the protection of nitrogen at room temperature, until the metallic sodium disappears. Then 0.52 g (1 mmol) of compound 6 is added, and stirred for another 3 hours at room temperature. 2 g of strong acid cation exchange resin is added to the reaction system, stirred overnight at room temperature, until the reaction mixture's pH=7. The resin is removed by suction filtration, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is further dried on the vacuum oil pump to obtain the product I-D1-6, a white, foam-like solid. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz), 7.35 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.25 (d, 1H, J=2.0 Hz), 7.18 (dd, 1H, J=2.0 Hz and 8.0 Hz), 7.08 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 6.82 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 4.96 (d, 1H, J=5.2 Hz, D.sub.2O-exchangeable), 4.91 (d, 1H, J=4.4 Hz, D.sub.2O-exchangeable), 4.80 (d, 1H, J=5.6 Hz, D.sub.2O-exchangeable), 3.92-4.01 (m, 5H), 3.26-3.32 (m, 1H), 3.18-3.25 (m, 1H), 3.09-3.15 (m, 1H), 2.89-2.95 (m, 1H), 1.28 (t, 3H, J=7.0 Hz), 1.15 (d, 3H, J=6.0 Hz). .sup.13C NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 100 MHz), 156.85, 139.65, 137.82, 131.83, 131.16, 130.58, 129.52, 128.65, 127.14, 114.26, 80.71, 77.98, 75.77, 75.51, 74.81, 62.84, 37.56, 18.19, 14.63. HR-ESI-MS, calcd for C.sub.21H.sub.29ClNO.sub.5, 410.1734. found 410.1730 ([M+NH.sub.4].sup.+).

Example 2

Preparation of (1S)-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl) phenyl]-1,4-dideoxy-D-glucose (I-D1-4)

(22) ##STR00091##
A.

(23) 4.09 g (10 mmol) of compound 1, 1.83 g (12 mmol) of benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal and 0.1 gram of CAS (camphorsulfonic acid) is dissolved in L of dry DMF, heated and stirred for 3 hours at 110 C. under nitrogen atmosphere. After cooling the reaction mixture is diluted with 150 mL of dichloromethane, washed successively with 20 mL of 5% sodium carbonate solution and saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 7, a white solid. Melting point 176-178 C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz), 7.45-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.36-7.40 (m, 4H), 7.28 (d, 1H, J=1.6 Hz), 7.21 (dd, 1H, J=2.0 Hz and 8.4 Hz), 7.08 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 6.83 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 5.60 (s, 1H), 5.31 (d, 1H, J=3.6 Hz), 5.13 (d, 1H, J=5.6 Hz), 4.16-4.22 (m, 2H), 3.94-3.99 (m, 4H), 3.65-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.51 (m, 3H), 3.24-3.28 (m, 1H), 1.29 (t, 3H, J=6.8 Hz).

(24) B.

(25) 3.98 g (8 mmol) of compound 7 is dissolved in 30 mL of pyridine, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath. 15 mL of acetic anhydride is added dropwise slowly, and then 0.1 g of DMAP (4-dimethylaminopyridine) is added. After the addition, the reaction mixture is further stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is dumped into 200 mL of ice water, stirred, and extracted with 50 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed successively with 50 mL of 5% diluted hydrochloric acid and 100 mL of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 8, a white, foam-like solid. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz), 7.36-7.42 (m, 6H), 7.23-7.26 (m, 2H), 7.04 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 6.82 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 5.66 (s, 1H), 5.37 (t, 1H, J=9.4 Hz), 4.97 (t, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 2.55 (d, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 4.25-4.26 (m, 1H), 3.93-4.02 (m, 5H), 3.78-3.82 (m, 2H), 1.96 (s, 3H), 1.70 (s, 3H), 1.29 (t, 3H, J=7.0 Hz).

(26) C.

(27) 3.49 g (6 mmol) of compound 8 and 0.5 g of CAS are dissolved in 30 mL of methanol, and stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction compounds are diluted with 100 mL of dichloromethane, washed successively with 50 mL of 2% sodium carbonate solution and saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 9, a white, foam-like solid. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz), 7.37-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.03 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 6.81 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 5.47 (d, 1H, J=5.6 Hz, D.sub.2O-exchangeable), 5.04 (t, 1H, J=9.2 Hz), 4.73 (t, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 4.58 (t, 1H, J=5.8 Hz, D.sub.2O-exchangeable), 4.46 (d, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 3.91-4.00 (m, 4H), 3.71 (dd, 1H, J=5.2 Hz and 10.8 Hz), 3.49-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.43-3.47 (m, 1H), 1.95 (s, 3H), 1.62 (s, 3H), 1.28 (t, 3H, J=7.0 Hz).

(28) D.

(29) 2.46 g (5 mmol) of compound 9 and 0.72 g (0.55 mmol) of benzoyl cyanide are dissolved in 20 mL of dry acetonitrile, and stirred at room temperature. 0.21 mL (0.15 g, 1.5 mmol) of triethylamine is added dropwise slowly with an injector. After the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is dumped into 200 mL ice water, stirred, and extracted with 50 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed successively with 50 mL of 1% diluted hydrochloric acid and 100 mL of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 10, a white, foam-like solid. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz), 7.97-7.99 (m, 2H), 7.66 (t, 1H, J=7.4 Hz), 7.53 (t, 2H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.37 (d, 1H, J=9.2 Hz), 7.20-7.21 (m, 2H), 7.02 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 6.76 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 5.79 (d, 1H, J=6.0 Hz, D.sub.2O-exchangeable), 5.12 (t, 1H, J=9.4 Hz), 4.82 (t, 1H, J=9.8 Hz), 4.56-4.59 (m, 2H), 4.42 (dd, 1H, J=5.2 Hz and 12.0 Hz), 3.86-3.97 (m, 5H), 3.71-3.77 (m, 1H), 1.97 (s, 3H), 1.67 (s, 3H), 1.27 (t, 3H, J=7.0 Hz).

(30) E.

(31) 12.69 g (50 mmol) of iodine is dissolved in 50 mL of dry dichloromethane, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 13.11 g (50 mmol) of triphenylphosphine is added slowly, After the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred for another 10 min. 13.62 g (200 mmol) of imidazole is then added, and stirred for another hour after the addition. To the above resulting system, 2.39 g (4 mmol) of compound 10 is added, after the addition the reaction compounds are stirred at reflux overnight under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture is diluted with 200 mL of dichloromethane, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 11, a white, foam-like solid. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz), 7.92 (d, 2H, J=7.2 Hz), 7.66 (t, 1H, J=7.4 Hz), 7.52 (t, 2H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.44 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.25 (dd, 1H, J=2.0 Hz and 8.4 Hz), 7.15 (d, 1H, J=2.0 Hz), 7.04 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 6.81 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 5.17 (t, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 4.94 (d, 1H, J=3.6 Hz), 4.82 (dd, 1H, J=4.0 Hz and 9.6 Hz), 4.65 (d, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 4.42 (dd, 1H, J=6.8 Hz and 11.2 Hz), 4.29 (dd, 1H, J=4.4 Hz and 11.6 Hz), 3.91-4.01 (m, 4H), 3.83 (t, 1H, J=5.4 Hz), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.72 (s, 3H), 1.28 (t, 3H, J=6.8 Hz).

(32) F.

(33) 1.41 g (2 mmol) of compound 11 and 3 mL of triethylamine are dissolved in 10 mL THF, and then 0.2 g of Pd(OH).sub.2 is added, and the reaction mixture is hydrogenated overnight at room temperature. The reaction compounds are suction filtered to remove the catalyst, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by column chromatography to obtain the pure product 12, a white solid. Melting point 45-47 C. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz), 7.96 (d, 2H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.66 (t, 1H, J=7.2 Hz), 7.52 (t, 2H, J=7.4 Hz), 7.38 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.21-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.03 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 6.78 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 5.14-5.21 (m, 1H), 4.80 (t, 1H, J=9.4 Hz), 4.51 (d, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 4.36-4.37 (m, 2H), 4.14-4.17 (m, 1H), 3.89-3.99 (m, 4H), 2.21-2.24 (m, 1H), 1.95 (s, 3H), 1.69 (s, 3H), 1.28 (t, 3H, J=6.8 Hz). .sup.13C NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 100 MHz), 169.64, 168.67, 165.46, 156.89, 138.25, 136.98, 133.40, 132.64, 130.91, 130.06, 129.48, 129.39, 129.20, 129.14, 128.77, 126.47, 114.25, 77.75, 73.35, 72.58, 71.03, 65.98, 62.84, 37.38, 32.48, 20.61, 20.09, 14.59.

(34) G.

(35) 0.58 g (1 mmol) of compound 12 is dissolved in 10 mL of ethanol, stirred, and 1 mL of 50% NaOH solution is added. The reaction mixture is heated to reflux for 1 hour, dumped into water after cooling, adjusted with concentrated hydrochloric acid to pH=3, and extracted with 50 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed successively with 50 mL of 5% sodium carbonate solution and saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product I-D1-4, a white, foam-like solid. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz), 7.35 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.28 (d, 1H, J=1.6 Hz), 7.20 (dd, 1H, J=1.8 Hz and 8.2 Hz), 7.08 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 6.82 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 4.82 (d, 1H, J=4.8 Hz), 4.75 (d, 1H, J=5.6 Hz), 4.59 (t, 1H, J=5.8 Hz), 3.92-4.01 (m, 5H), 3.46-3.51 (m, 2H), 3.31-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.99-3.05 (m, 1H), 1.89 (dd, 1H, J=4.8 Hz and 11.6 Hz), 1.23-1.30 (m, 4H). .sup.13C NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz), 156.84, 139.83, 137.72, 131.76, 131.16, 130.76, 129.51, 128.58, 127.31, 114.25, 80.97, 76.57, 76.24, 71.97, 64.04, 62.83, 37.57, 36.28, 14.62.

Example 3

Preparation of (1S)-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl) phenyl]-1,3-dideoxy-D-glucose (I-D1-3)

(36) ##STR00092##
A.

(37) 4.97 g (10 mmol) of compound 7 is dissolved in 30 mL of dry DMF, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 2.72 g (40 mmol) of imidazole is added, and then 1.66 g (11 mmol) of TBDMSCl (tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride) is added dropwise slowly over 15 min. After the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred for another 3 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with 150 mL of dichloromethane, washed with 50 mL3 of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 13, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=628 ([M+NH.sub.4].sup.+).

(38) B.

(39) 4.89 g (8 mmol) of compound 13 is dissolved in 30 mL of pyridine, and stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath. 10 mL of acetic anhydride is added dropwise slowly, and then 0.1 g of DMAP (4-dimethylaminopyridine) is added. After the addition, the reaction mixture is further stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is dumped into 200 mL of ice water, stirred, and extracted with 50 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed successively with 50 mL of 5% diluted hydrochloric acid and 100 mL of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 14, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=670 ([M+NH.sub.4].sup.+).

(40) C.

(41) 3.92 g (6 mmol) of compound 14 is dissolved in 40 mL of dry THF, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 0.37 g (6 mmol) of glacial acetic acid is added, and then 6 mL (6 mmol, 1 M of THF solution) of TBAF (tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride) solution is added dropwise. The reaction compounds are stirred overnight at room temperature, dumped into 200 mL of ice water, stirred, and extracted with 50 mL3 of dichloromethane, The organic phases are combined, washed with the saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 15, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=561 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(42) D.

(43) 12.69 g (50 mmol) of iodine is dissolved in 50 mL of dry dichloromethane, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, and 13.11 g (50 mmol) of triphenylphosphine is added slowly, after the addition the reaction compounds are stirred for another 10 min. 13.62 g (200 mmol) of imidazole is then added slowly, and stirred for another hour after the addition. To the above resulting system, 2.70 g (5 mmol) of compound 15 is added, after the addition the reaction compounds are stirred to reflux overnight under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture is diluted with 200 mL of dichloromethane, washed with the saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 16, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=671 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(44) E.

(45) 1.95 g (3 mmol) of compound 16 and 3 mL of triethylamine are dissolved in 10 mL of THF, 0.3 g of Pd(OH).sub.2 is then added, and the reaction mixture is hydrogenated overnight at room temperature. The reaction compounds are suction filtered to remove the catalyst, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by column chromatography to obtain the pure product 17, a white solid. ESI-MS, m/z=545 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(46) F.

(47) 1.05 g (2 mmol) of compound 17 is dissolved in 10 mL of ethanol, 1 mL 50% of NaOH solution is added, heated to reflux for 1 hour, after cooling to room temperature, the pH is adjusted with the concentrated hydrochloric acid to pH=2, heated to continue to reflux for half an hour. The reaction compounds are dumped into 100 mL saturated salt water, stirred, and extracted with 50 mL3 of dichloromethane, The organic phases are combined, washed with the saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product I-D1-3, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=415 ([M+Na].sup.+). .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz), 7.35 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.30 (d, 1H, J=1.6 Hz), 7.22 (dd, 1H, J=1.8 Hz and 8.2 Hz), 7.08 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 6.81 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 4.82 (d, 1H, J=5.6 Hz), 4.73 (d, 1H, J=6.4 Hz), 4.38 (t, 1H, J=5.8 Hz), 3.92-4.01 (m, 4H), 3.85 (d, 1H, J=9.2 Hz), 3.67-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.27-3.45 (m, 3H), 3.07-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.25 (m, 1H), 1.43 (q, 1H, J=11.5 Hz), 1.28 (t, 3H, J=6.8 Hz). .sup.13C NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 100 MHz), 156.83, 139.91, 137.66, 131.78, 131.17, 130.73, 129.48, 128.55, 127.18, 114.24, 83.29, 82.92, 69.20, 64.67, 62.83, 61.22, 42.81, 37.60, 14.62.

Example 4

Preparation of (1S)-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl) phenyl]-1,2-dideoxy-D-glucose (I-D1-2)

(48) ##STR00093##
A.

(49) 4.97 g (10 mmol) of compound 7 and 0.2 g of DMAP are dissolved in 20 mL dry pyridine, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 1.55 g (11 mmol) of benzoyl chloride is added dropwise. After the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with 150 mL of dichloromethane, washed successively with 100 mL 5% of diluted hydrochloric acid and 50 mL2 of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 18, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=623 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(50) B.

(51) 12.69 g (50 mmol) of iodine is dissolved in 50 mL of dry dichloromethane, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, and 13.11 g (50 mmol) of triphenylphosphine is added slowly, After the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred for another 10 min. 13.62 g (200 mmol) of imidazole is then added slowly, and stirred for another hour after the addition. To the above resulting system, 3.01 g (5 mmol) of compound 18 is added, after the addition the reaction compounds are stirred to reflux overnight under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture is diluted with 200 mL of dichloromethane, washed with the saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 19, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=733 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(52) C.

(53) 2.13 g (3 mmol) of compound 19 and 3 mL of triethylamine are dissolved in 10 mL of THF, 0.3 g of Pd(OH).sub.2 is then added, and the reaction mixture is hydrogenated overnight at room temperature. The reaction compounds are suction filtered to remove the catalyst, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by column chromatography to obtain the pure product 20, a white solid. ESI-MS, m/z=607 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(54) D.

(55) 1.17 g (2 mmol) of compound 20 is dissolved in 10 mL of ethanol, 1 mL 50% of NaOH solution is added, heated to reflux for 1 hour, after cooling to room temperature the pH is adjusted with the concentrated hydrochloric acid to pH=2, heated to continue to reflux for half an hour. The reaction compounds are dumped into 100 mL of saturated salt water, stirred, and extracted with 50 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with the saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product I-D1-2, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=410 ([M+NH.sub.4].sup.+). .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz), 7.36 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.34 (d, 1H, J=1.6 Hz), 7.25 (dd, 1H, J=2.0 Hz and 8.4 Hz), 7.07 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 6.82 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 4.88 (d, 1H, J=5.2 Hz), 4.83 (d, 1H, J=4.8 Hz), 4.38-4.43 (m, 2H), 3.93-3.98 (m, 4H), 3.69-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.16-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.01-3.07 (m, 1H), 1.98-2.02 (m, 1H), 1.35 (q, 1H, J=12.0 Hz), 1.28 (t, 3H, J=7.0 Hz)

Example 5

Preparation of (1S)-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl) phenyl]-1,4,6-trideoxy-D-glucose (I-D1-4,6)

(56) ##STR00094##
A.

(57) 4.97 g (10 mmol) of compound 7 and 0.2 g of DMAP are dissolved in 30 mL dry pyridine, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 10 mL of acetic anhydride is added dropwise. After the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with 150 mL of dichloromethane, washed successively with 100 mL 5% of diluted hydrochloric acid and 50 mL2 of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 21, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=603 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(58) B.

(59) 4.65 g (8 mmol) of compound 21 and 0.5 g of CAS are dissolved in 30 mL methanol, stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction compounds are diluted with 100 mL dichloromethane, washed successively with 50 mL 2% of sodium carbonate solution and saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 22, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=493 ([M+H].sup.+).

(60) C.

(61) 12.69 g (50 mmol) of iodine is dissolved in 50 mL of dry dichloromethane, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 13.11 g (50 mmol) of triphenylphosphine is added slowly, After the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred for another 10 min. 13.62 g (200 mmol) of imidazole is then added slowly, and stirred for another hour after the addition. To the above resulting system, 2.46 g (5 mmol) of compound 22 is added, after the addition the reaction compounds are stirred to reflux overnight under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture is diluted with 200 mL of dichloromethane, washed with the saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 23, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=735 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(62) D.

(63) 2.14 g (3 mmol) of compound 23 and 2 mL of triethylamine are dissolved in 10 mL of THF, 0.2 g of Pd(OH).sub.2 is then added, the reaction mixture is hydrogenated overnight at room temperature. The reaction compounds are suction filtered to remove the catalyst, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by column chromatography to obtain the pure product 24, a white solid. ESI-MS, m/z=483 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(64) E.

(65) To 10 mL of dry absolute methanol, 0.3 g of metallic sodium is added, stirred under the protection of nitrogen at room temperature, until the metallic sodium disappears. 0.46 g (1 mmol) of compound 24 is then added, and stirred for another 3 hours at room temperature. To the reaction system, 3 g of strong acid cation exchange resin is added, stirred overnight at room temperature, until the reaction mixture's pH=7. The resin is removed by suction filtration, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is further dried on the vacuum oil pump to obtain the product I-D1-4,6, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=399 ([M+Na].sup.+).

Example 6

Preparation of (1S)-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl) phenyl]-1,3,6-trideoxy-D-glucose (I-D1-3,6)

(66) ##STR00095## ##STR00096##
A.

(67) 4.09 g (10 mmol) of compound 1, 3.06 g (15 mmol) of 1,1,2,2-tetramethoxy cyclohexane and 1 mL of trimethyl orthoformate are dissolved in 40 mL of dry methanol, 0.2 g of camphorsulfonic acid is added. The reaction mixture is heated to reflux overnight. After the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature, 0.5 g of potassium carbonate is added, stirred at room temperature, until pH>7. The solid is removed by suction filtration, and then the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the residue is purified directly by column chromatography to obtain the pure product 25, a white solid. ESI-MS, m/z=571 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(68) B.

(69) 4.39 g (8 mmol) of compound 25 is dissolved in 30 mL of dry DMF, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 2.72 g (40 mmol) of imidazole is added, and then 2.75 g (10 mmol) of TBDPSCl (tert-butyldiphenylsilyl chloride) is added dropwise slowly over 15 min. After the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred for another 3 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with 150 mL of dichloromethane, washed with 50 mL3 of the saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 26, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=809 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(70) C.

(71) 4.72 g (6 mmol) of compound 26 and 0.2 g of DMAP are dissolved in 30 mL dry pyridine, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, and 10 mL of acetic anhydride is added dropwise. After the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with 150 mL of dichloromethane, washed successively with 100 mL of 5% diluted hydrochloric acid and 50 mL2 of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 27, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=851 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(72) D.

(73) 4.15 g (5 mmol) of compound 27 is dissolved in the mixture composed of 10 mL of dichloromethane and 10 mL of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is dumped into 100 mL of saturated salt water, stirred, and extracted with 50 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 28, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=473 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(74) E.

(75) 1.80 g (4 mmol) of compound 28 dissolved in 20 mL of dry DMF, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 2.72 g (40 mmol) of imidazole is added, and then 1.37 g (5 mmol) of TBDPSCl (tert-butyldiphenylsilyl chloride) is added dropwise slowly over 15 min. After the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred for another 3 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with 150 mL of dichloromethane, washed with 50 mL3 of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 29, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=711 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(76) F.

(77) 2.76 g (4 mmol) of compound 29 is dissolved in 20 mL of dry DMF, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 2.72 g (40 mmol) of imidazole is added, and then 1.37 g (5 mmol) of TBDPSCl (tert-butyldiphenylsilyl chloride) is added dropwise slowly over 15 min. After the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred for another 3 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with 150 mL of dichloromethane, washed with 50 mL3 of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 30, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=949 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(78) G.

(79) 2.78 g (3 mmol) of compound 30 and 0.15 g DMAP are dissolved in 20 mL dry pyridine, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, and 8 mL of acetic anhydride is added dropwise. After the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with 150 mL of dichloromethane, washed successively with 100 mL of 5% diluted hydrochloric acid and 50 mL2 of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 31, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=991 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(80) H.

(81) 2.42 g (2.5 mmol) of compound 31 is dissolved in 20 mL of 90% aqueous acetic acid solution, heated up to 60 C., and stirred overnight. After cooling the reaction mixture is dumped into 100 mL of saturated salt water, adjusted to pH=6-7 with saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution, stirred, and extracted with 50 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 32, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=515 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(82) I.

(83) 6.35 g (25 mmol) of iodine is dissolved in 50 mL of dry dichloromethane, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 6.56 g (25 mmol) of triphenylphosphine is added slowly, after the addition the reaction compounds are stirred for another 10 min. 6.81 g (100 mmol) of imidazole is then added slowly, and stirred for another hour after the addition. To the above resulting system, 0.99 g (2 mmol) of compound 32 is added, After the addition the reaction compounds are stirred at reflux overnight under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture is diluted with 100 mL of dichloromethane, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 33, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=735 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(84) J.

(85) 0.93 g (1.3 mmol) of compound 33 and 1 mL of triethylamine are dissolved in 5 mL of THF, then 0.1 g of Pd(OH).sub.2 is added, and the reaction mixture is hydrogenated overnight at room temperature. The reaction compounds are suction filtered to remove the catalyst, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by column chromatography to obtain the pure product 34, a white solid. ESI-MS, m/z=478 ([M+NH.sub.4].sup.+).

(86) K.

(87) To 5 mL of dry absolute methanol, 0.1 g metallic sodium is added, stirred under the protection of nitrogen at room temperature, until the metallic sodium disappears. 0.46 g (1 mmol) of compound 34 is then added, and stirred for another 3 hours at room temperature. To the reaction system, 1 g of strong acid cation exchange resin is added, stirred overnight at room temperature, until the reaction mixture's pH=7. The resin is removed by suction filtration, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is further dried on the vacuum oil pump to obtain the product I-D1-3,6, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=399 ([M+Na].sup.+).

Example 7

Preparation of (1S)-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1,2,6-trideoxy-D-glucose (I-D1-2,6)

(88) ##STR00097##
A.

(89) 12.69 g (50 mmol) of iodine is dissolved in 50 mL of dry dichloromethane, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 13.11 g (50 mmol) of triphenylphosphine is added slowly, after the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred for another 10 min. 13.62 g (200 mmol) of imidazole is then added slowly, and stirred for another hour after the addition. To the above resulting system, 2.75 g (5 mmol) of compound 25 is added, after the addition the reaction compounds are stirred at reflux overnight under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture is diluted with 100 mL of dichloromethane, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 35, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=791 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(90) B.

(91) 1.54 g (3 mmol) of compound 35 and 2 mL of triethylamine are dissolved in 10 mL of THF, then 0.2 g of Pd(OH).sub.2 is added, and the reaction mixture is hydrogenated overnight at room temperature. The reaction compounds are suction filtered to remove the catalyst, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by column chromatography to obtain the pure product 36, a white solid. ESI-MS, m/z=539 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(92) C.

(93) 0.52 g (1 mmol) of compound 36 is dissolved in a mixture composed of 6 mL of dichloromethane and 6 mL of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is dumped into 100 mL of saturated salt water, stirred, and extracted with 50 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with the saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product I-D1-2,6, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=393 ([M+NH.sub.4].sup.+).

Example 8

Preparation of (1S)-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1,3,4-trideoxy-D-glucose (I-D1-3,4)

(94) ##STR00098##
A.

(95) 5.49 g (10 mmol) of compound 25 and 0.30 g DMAP are dissolved in 30 mL of dry pyridine, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, and 15 mL of acetic anhydride is added dropwise. After the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with 150 mL of dichloromethane, washed successively with 100 mL of 5% diluted hydrochloric acid and 50 mL2 of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 37, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=655 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(96) B.

(97) 3.80 g (6 mmol) of compound 37 is dissolved in a mixture composed of 10 mL of dichloromethane and 10 mL of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is dumped into 100 mL of saturated salt water, stirred, and extracted with 100 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 38, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=493 ([M+H].sup.+).

(98) C.

(99) 12.69 g (50 mmol) of iodine is dissolved in 50 mL of dry dichloromethane, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 13.11 g (50 mmol) of triphenylphosphine is added slowly, after the addition the reaction compounds are stirred for another 10 min. 13.62 g (200 mmol) of imidazole is then added slowly, and stirred for another hour after the addition. To the above resulting system, 2.46 g (5 mmol) of compound 38 is added, after the addition the reaction compounds are stirred at reflux overnight under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture is diluted with 100 mL of dichloromethane, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 39, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=735 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(100) D.

(101) 2.14 g (3 mmol) of compound 39 and 2 mL of triethylamine are dissolved in 10 mL of THF, then 0.2 g of Pd(OH).sub.2 is added, and the reaction mixture is hydrogenated overnight at room temperature. The reaction compounds are suction filtered to remove the catalyst, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by column chromatography to obtain the pure product 40, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=483 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(102) E.

(103) To 5 mL of dry absolute methanol, 0.1 g of metallic sodium is added, stirred under the protection of nitrogen at room temperature, until the metallic sodium disappearing. 0.46 g (1 mmol) of compound 40 is then added, stirred for another 3 hours at room temperature. To the reaction system, 1 g of strong acid cation exchange resin is added, stirred overnight at room temperature, until the pH of the reaction mixture is pH=7. The resin is removed by suction filtration, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is further dried on the vacuum oil pump to obtain the product I-D1-3,4, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=394 ([M+NH.sub.4].sup.+).

Example 9

Preparation of (1S)-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-trideoxy-D-glucose (I-D1-2,4)

(104) ##STR00099##
A.

(105) 5.49 g (10 mmol) of compound 25 and 0.5 g of DMAP are dissolved in 20 mL of dry pyridine, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, and 1.33 g (11 mmol) of pivaloyl chloride is added dropwise. After the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with 150 mL of dichloromethane, washed successively with 100 mL of 5% diluted hydrochloric acid and 50 mL2 of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 41, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=655 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(106) B.

(107) 5.07 g (8 mmol) of compound 41 is dissolved in a mixture composed of 10 mL of dichloromethane and 10 mL of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is dumped into 200 mL of saturated salt water, stirred, and extracted with 100 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 42, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=510 ([M+NH.sub.4].sup.+).

(108) C.

(109) 2.96 g (6 mmol) of compound 42 and 0.3 g of DMAP are dissolved in 20 mL of dry pyridine, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 0.96 g (8 mmol) of pivaloyl chloride is added dropwise. After the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with 150 mL of dichloromethane, washed successively with 100 mL of 5% diluted hydrochloric acid and 50 mL2 of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 43, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=599 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(110) D.

(111) 12.69 g (50 mmol) of iodine is dissolved in 50 mL of dry dichloromethane, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 13.11 g (50 mmol) of triphenylphosphine is added slowly, after the addition the reaction compounds are stirred for another 10 min. 13.62 g (200 mmol) of imidazole is then added slowly, and stirred for another hour after the addition. To the above resulting system, 2.89 g (5 mmol) of compound 43 is added, after the addition the reaction compounds are stirred at reflux overnight under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture is diluted with 100 mL of dichloromethane, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 44, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=797 ([M+H].sup.+).

(112) E.

(113) 2.39 g (3 mmol) of compound 44 and 2 mL of triethylamine are dissolved in 10 mL of THF, then 0.2 g of Pd(OH).sub.2 is added, and the reaction mixture is hydrogenated overnight at room temperature. The reaction compounds are suction filtered to remove the catalyst, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by column chromatography to obtain the pure product 45, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=567 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(114) F.

(115) 0.55 (1 mmol) of compound 45 is dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, stirred, and 1 mL of 50% NaOH solution is added, heated to reflux for half an hour. The reaction compounds are dumped into water after cooling, adjusted with the concentrated hydrochloric acid to pH=4, and extracted with 50 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product I-D1-2,4, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=377 ([M+H].sup.+).

Example 10

Preparation of (1S)-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1,2,3-trideoxy-D-glucose (I-D1-2,3)

(116) ##STR00100##
A.

(117) 12.69 g (50 mmol) of iodine is dissolved in 50 mL of dry dichloromethane, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 13.11 g (50 mmol) of triphenylphosphine is added slowly, after the addition the reaction compounds are stirred for another 10 min. 13.62 g (200 mmol) of imidazole is then added slowly, and stirred for another hour after the addition. To the above resulting system, 2.48 g (5 mmol) of compound 7 is added, after the addition the reaction compounds are stirred at reflux overnight under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture is diluted with 100 mL of dichloromethane, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 46, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=734 ([M+NH.sub.4].sup.+).

(118) B.

(119) 1.43 g (2 mmol) of compound 46 and 2 mL of triethylamine are dissolved in 10 mL of THF, then 0.2 g of Pd(OH).sub.2 is added, and the reaction mixture is hydrogenated overnight at room temperature. The reaction compounds are suction filtered to remove the catalyst, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by column chromatography to obtain the pure product 47, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=487 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(120) C.

(121) 0.46 g (1 mmol) of compound 47 dissolved in 5 mL of methanol containing 3 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid, stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is dumped into 100 mL saturated salt water, stirred, and extracted with 100 mL3 dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product I-D1-2,3, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=394 ([M+NH.sub.4].sup.+).

Example 11

Preparation of (1S)-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-D-glucose (I-D1-3, 4, 6)

(122) ##STR00101##
A.

(123) 6.53 g (10 mmol) of compound 14 is dissolved in 50 mL of 90% acetic acid solution, stirred overnight at 60 C., dumped into 200 mL of ice water after cooling slightly, adjusted to pH=7-8 with saturated NaHCO.sub.3, and extracted with 50 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with 100 mL of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 48, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=468 ([M+NH.sub.4].sup.+).

(124) B.

(125) 12.69 g (50 mmol) of iodine is dissolved in 50 mL of dry dichloromethane, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 13.11 g (50 mmol) of triphenylphosphine is added slowly, after the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred for another 10 min. 13.62 g (200 mmol) of imidazole is then added slowly, and stirred for another hour after the addition. To the above resulting system, 2.25 g (5 mmol) of compound 48 is added, after the addition the reaction compounds are stirred at reflux overnight under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture is diluted with 100 mL of dichloromethane, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 49, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=803 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(126) C.

(127) 1.56 g (2 mmol) of compound 49 and 2 mL of triethylamine are dissolved in 10 mL of THF, then 0.2 g of Pd(OH).sub.2 is added, and the reaction mixture is hydrogenated overnight at room temperature. The reaction compounds are suction filtered to remove the catalyst, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by column chromatography to obtain the pure product 50, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=425 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(128) D.

(129) To 5 mL of dry absolute methanol, 0.1 g of metallic sodium is added, stirred under the protection of nitrogen at room temperature, until the metallic sodium disappeared. 0.40 g (1 mmol) of compound 50 is then added, and stirred for another 3 hours at room temperature. To the reaction system, 1 g of strong acid cation exchange resin is added, stirred overnight at room temperature, until the pH of the reaction mixture is pH=7. The resin is removed by suction filtration, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is further dried on the vacuum oil pump to obtain the product I-D1-3, 4, 6, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=378 ([M+NH.sub.4].sup.+).

Example 12

Preparation of (1S)-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1,2,4,6-tetradeoxy-D-glucose (I-D1-2, 4, 6)

(130) ##STR00102##
A.

(131) 6.01 g (10 mmol) of compound 18 is dissolved in 50 mL of 90% acetic acid solution, stirred overnight at 60 C., dumped into 200 mL of ice water after cooling slightly, adjusted to pH=7-8 with saturated NaHCO.sub.3, and extracted with 50 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with 100 mL of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 51, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=535 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(132) B.

(133) 12.69 g (50 mmol) of iodine is dissolved in 50 mL of dry dichloromethane, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 13.11 g (50 mmol) of triphenylphosphine is added slowly, after the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred for another 10 min. 13.62 g (200 mmol) of imidazole is then added slowly, and stirred for another hour after the addition. To the above resulting system, 2.05 g (4 mmol) of compound 51 is added, after the addition the reaction compounds are stirred at reflux overnight under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture is diluted with 100 mL of dichloromethane, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 52, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=864 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(134) C.

(135) 1.56 g (2 mmol) of compound 52 and 2 mL of triethylamine are dissolved in 10 mL of THF, then 0.2 g of Pd(OH).sub.2 is added, and the reaction mixture is hydrogenated overnight at room temperature. The reaction compounds are suction filtered to remove the catalyst, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by column chromatography to obtain the pure product 53, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=487 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(136) D.

(137) To 5 mL of dry absolute methanol, 0.1 g of metallic sodium is added, stirred under the protection of nitrogen at room temperature, until the metallic sodium disappeared. 0.47 g (1 mmol) of compound 53 is then added, and stirred for another 3 hours at room temperature. To the reaction system, 1 g of strong acid cation exchange resin is added, stirred overnight at room temperature, until the reaction mixture's pH=7. The resin is removed by suction filtration, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is further dried on the vacuum oil pump to obtain the product I-D1-2, 4, 6, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=361 ([M+H].sup.+).

Example 13

Preparation of (1S)-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1,2,3,6-tetradeoxy-D-glucose (I-D1-2, 3, 6)

(138) ##STR00103## ##STR00104##
A.

(139) 4.97 g (10 mmol) of compound 7 and 6.07 g (60 mmol) of triethylamine are dissolved in 50 mL of dry dichloromethane, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath. 3.39 g (30 mmol) of chloroacetyl chloride is added dropwise slowly. After the addition, the reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with 150 mL of dichloromethane, washed successively with saturated salt water, 2% diluted hydrochloric acid and saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 54, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=671 and 673 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(140) B.

(141) 5.20 g (8 mmol) of compound 54 is dissolved in 40 mL of methanol containing 5 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid, stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is dumped into 200 mL of saturated salt water, stirred, and extracted with 100 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 55, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=578 and 580 ([M+NH.sub.4].sup.+).

(142) C.

(143) 3.37 g (6 mmol) of compound 55 is dissolved in 20 mL of dry DMF, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 2.72 g (40 mmol) of imidazole is added, and then 2.20 g (8 mmol) of TBDPSCl (tert-butyldiphenylsilyl chloride) is added dropwise slowly over 15 min. After the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred for another 3 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with 150 mL of dichloromethane, washed with 50 mL3 of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 56, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=821 and 823 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(144) D.

(145) 4.00 g (5 mmol) of compound 56 and 0.30 g of DMAP are dissolved in 30 mL of dry pyridine, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, and 15 mL of acetic anhydride is added dropwise. After the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with 150 mL of dichloromethane, washed successively with 100 mL of 5% diluted hydrochloric acid and 50 mL2 of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 57, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=863 and 865 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(146) E.

(147) 3.37 g (4 mmol) of compound 57 is dissolved in 30 mL of absolute ethanol, stirred at room temperature, 1.68 g (20 mmol) of NaHCO.sub.3 solid is added, and further stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is dumped into 200 mL of saturated salt water, stirred, and extracted with 100 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 58, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=706 ([M+NH.sub.4].sup.+).

(148) F.

(149) 2.07 g (3 mmol) of compound 58 is dissolved in 20 mL of 90% aqueous acetic acid solution, stirred overnight at 60 C., dumped into 200 mL of ice water after cooling slightly, adjusted to pH=7-8 with saturated NaHCO.sub.3, and extracted with 50 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with 100 mL of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 59, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=473 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(150) G.

(151) 12.69 g (50 mmol) of iodine is dissolved in 50 mL of dry dichloromethane, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 13.11 g (50 mmol) of triphenylphosphine is added slowly, after the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred for another 10 min. 13.62 g (200 mmol) of imidazole is then added slowly, and stirred for another hour after the addition. To the above resulting system, 0.90 g (2 mmol) of compound 59 is added, after addition the reaction compounds are stirred at reflux overnight under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture is diluted with 100 mL of dichloromethane, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 60, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=781 ([M+H].sup.+).

(152) H.

(153) 1.17 g (1.5 mmol) of compound 60 and 1 mL of triethylamine are dissolved in 10 mL of THF, then 0.2 g of Pd(OH).sub.2 is added, and the reaction mixture is hydrogenated overnight at room temperature. The reaction compounds are suction filtered to remove the catalyst, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by column chromatography to obtain the pure product 61, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=425 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(154) I.

(155) To 5 mL of dry absolute methanol, 0.1 g of metallic sodium is added, stirred under the protection of nitrogen at room temperature, until the metallic sodium disappeared. 0.40 g (1 mmol) of compound 61 is then added, and stirred for another 3 hours at room temperature. To the reaction system, 1 g of strong acid cation exchange resin is added, stirred overnight at room temperature, until the reaction mixture's pH=7. The resin is removed by suction filtration, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is further dried on the vacuum oil pump to obtain the product I-D1-2, 3, 6, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=383 ([M+Na].sup.+).

Example 14

Preparation of (1S)-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1,2,3,4-tetradeoxy-D-glucose (I-D1-2, 3, 4)

(156) ##STR00105##
A.

(157) 4.09 g (10 mmol) of compound 1 and 0.5 g of DMAP are dissolved in 20 mL of dry pyridine, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, and 1.33 g (11 mmol) of pivaloyl chloride is added dropwise. After the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with 150 mL of dichloromethane, washed successively with 100 mL of 5% diluted hydrochloric acid and 50 mL2 of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 62, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=515 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(158) B.

(159) 12.69 g (50 mmol) of iodine is dissolved in 50 mL of dry dichloromethane, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 13.11 g (50 mmol) of triphenylphosphine is added slowly, after the addition the reaction compounds are stirred for another 10 min. 13.62 g (200 mmol) of imidazole is then added slowly, and stirred for another hour after the addition. To the above resulting system, 0.99 g (2 mmol) of compound 62 is added, after the addition the reaction compounds are stirred at reflux overnight under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture is diluted with 100 mL of dichloromethane, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 63, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=840 ([M+NH.sub.4].sup.+).

(160) C.

(161) 1.23 g (1.5 mmol) of compound 63 and 1 mL of triethylamine are dissolved in 10 mL of THF, then 0.2 g 10% of Pd/C is added, and the reaction mixture is hydrogenated overnight under the pressure of 0.3 MPa of hydrogen gas at room temperature. The reaction compounds are suction filtered to remove the catalyst, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by column chromatography to obtain the pure product 64, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=467 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(162) D.

(163) 0.44 (1 mmol) of compound 65 is dissolved in 5 mL methanol, stirred, 0.5 mL 50% of NaOH solution is added, heated up to reflux for half an hour. The reaction compounds are dumped into water after cooling, adjusted with the concentrated hydrochloric acid to pH=4, and extracted with 50 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product I-D1-2, 3, 4, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=361 ([M+H].sup.+).

Example 15

Preparation of (1S)-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1,2,3,4,6-pentadeoxy-D-glucose (I-D1-2, 3, 4, 6)

(164) ##STR00106##
A.

(165) 12.69 g (50 mmol) of iodine is dissolved in 50 mL of dry dichloromethane, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 13.11 g (50 mmol) of triphenylphosphine is added slowly, after the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred for another 10 min. 13.62 g (200 mmol) of imidazole is then added slowly, and stirred for another hour after the addition. To the above resulting system, 0.98 g (2 mmol) of compound 1 is added, after the addition the reaction compounds are stirred at reflux overnight under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture is diluted with 100 mL of dichloromethane, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 65, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=870 ([M+Na].sup.+).

(166) B.

(167) 0.85 g (1.5 mmol) of compound 65 and 1 mL of triethylamine are dissolved in 10 mL of THF, then 0.2 g of Pd(OH).sub.2 is added, and the reaction mixture is hydrogenated overnight at room temperature. The reaction compounds are suction filtered to remove the catalyst, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by column chromatography to obtain the pure product I-D1-2, 3, 4, 6, a white, foam-like solid. ESI-MS, m/z=367 ([M+Na].sup.+).

Example 16-106

(168) The following compounds having general formula I are prepared with the methods of Examples 1-15.

(169) TABLE-US-00002 Preparation Example Structure ESI-MS method 16 07 embedded image 429 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 1 17 08 429 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 2 18 09 429 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 3 19 0 429 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 4 21 413 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 5 22 413 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 6 23 413 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 7 24 413 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 8 25 413 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 9 26 embedded image 413 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 10 27 397 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 11 28 397 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 12 29 397 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 13 30 0 397 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 14 31 381 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 15 32 389 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 1 33 389 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 2 34 389 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 3 35 embedded image 389 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 4 36 373 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 5 37 373 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 6 38 373 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 7 39 373 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 8 40 0 373 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 9 41 373 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 10 42 357 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 11 43 357 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 12 44 embedded image 357 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 13 45 357 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 14 46 341 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 15 47 435 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 1 48 435 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 2 49 435 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 3 50 0 435 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 4 51 419 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 5 52 419 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 6 53 embedded image 419 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 7 54 419 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 8 55 419 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 9 56 419 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 10 57 403 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 11 58 403 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 12 59 403 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 13 60 0 403 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 14 61 387 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 15 62 embedded image 405 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 1 63 405 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 2 64 405 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 3 65 405 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 4 66 389 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 5 67 389 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 6 68 389 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 7 69 389 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 8 70 0 389 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 9 71 embedded image 389 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 10 72 373 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 11 73 373 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 12 74 373 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 13 75 373 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 14 76 357 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 15 77 419 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 1 78 419 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 2 79 419 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 3 80 0 embedded image 419 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 4 81 403 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 5 82 403 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 6 83 403 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 7 84 403 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 8 85 403 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 9 86 403 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 10 87 387 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 11 88 387 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 12 89 embedded image 387 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 13 90 0 387 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 14 91 371 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 15 92 421 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 1 93 421 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 2 94 421 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 3 95 421 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 4 96 405 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 5 97 405 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 6 98 embedded image 405 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 7 99 405 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 8 100 0 405 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 9 101 405 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 10 102 389 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 11 103 389 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 12 104 389 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 13 105 389 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 14 106 373 ([M + H].sup.+) Example 15

Example 107

(170) TABLE-US-00003 amount/tablet sample in Example 1 20 mg microcrystalline cellulose 80 mg pregelatinized starch 70 mg polyvinyl pyrrolidone 6 mg sodium carboxymethyl starch 5 mg magnesium stearate 2 mg talc powders 2 mg

(171) The active ingredient, pregelatinized starch and microcrystalline cellulose are sieved and mixed sufficiently, and then polyvinyl pyrrolidone solution is added and mixed to make soft materials. The soft materials are sieved to make wet granules, which are dried at 50-60 C. Sodium carboxymethyl starch, magnesium stearate and talc powders are pre-sieved, and then added to granules described above for tabletting.

Example 108

(172) TABLE-US-00004 amount/tablet sample in Example 2 20 mg microcrystalline cellulose 80 mg pregelatinized starch 70 mg polyvinyl pyrrolidone 6 mg sodium carboxymethyl starch 5 mg magnesium stearate 2 mg talc powders 2 mg

(173) The active ingredient, pregelatinized starch and microcrystalline cellulose are sieved and mixed sufficiently, and then polyvinyl pyrrolidone solution is added and mixed to make soft materials. The soft materials are sieved to make wet granules, which are dried at 50-60 C. Sodium carboxymethyl starch, magnesium stearate and talc powders are pre-sieved, and then added to granules described above for tabletting.

Example 109

(174) TABLE-US-00005 amount/capsule sample in Example 3 20 mg microcrystalline cellulose 30 mg pregelatinized starch 20 mg polyvinyl pyrrolidone 3 mg magnesium stearate 2 mg talc powders 1 mg

(175) The active ingredient, pregelatinized starch and microcrystalline cellulose are sieved and mixed sufficiently, and then polyvinyl pyrrolidone solution is added and mixed to make soft materials. The soft materials are sieved to make wet granules, which are dried at 50-60 C. Magnesium stearate and talc powders are pre-sieved, and then added to granules described above for capsulizing to obtain the final product.

Example 110

(176) TABLE-US-00006 amount/capsule sample in Example 4 20 mg microcrystalline cellulose 30 mg pregelatinized starch 20 mg polyvinyl pyrrolidone 3 mg magnesium stearate 2 mg talc powders 1 mg

(177) The active ingredient, pregelatinized starch and microcrystalline cellulose are sieved and mixed sufficiently, and then polyvinyl pyrrolidone solution is added and mixed to make soft materials. The soft materials are sieved to make wet granules, which are dried at 50-60C. Magnesium stearate and talc powders are pre-sieved, and then added to granules described above for capsulizing to obtain the final product.

Example 111

(178) TABLE-US-00007 amount/50 mL sample in Example 5 20 mg citric acid 100 mg NaOH q.s. (to adjust pH to 4.0-5.0) distilled water 50 mL

(179) The distilled water and citric acid are firstly added into the distilled water. After stirring to dissolve, the sample is then added, and heated slightly for dissolving. pH value is adjusted to 4.0-5.0, and 0.2 g of the active carbon is added, stirred for 20 minutes at room temperature and then filtered. The filtrate, whose concentration is determined in a central-controlled manner, is batched into 5 mL per ampoule and sterilized for 30 minutes at high temperature to obtain the injection.

Example 112

(180) TABLE-US-00008 amount/50 mL sample in Example 6 20 mg citric acid 100 mg NaOH q.s. (to adjust pH to 4.0-5.0) distilled water 50 mL

(181) The distilled water and citric acid are firstly added into the distilled water. After stirring to dissolve, the sample is then added, and heated slightly for dissolving. pH value is adjusted to 4.0-5.0, and 0.2 g of the active carbon is added in, stirred for 20 minutes at room temperature and then filtered. The filtrate, whose concentration is determined in a central-controlled manner, is batched into 5 mL per ampoule and sterilized for 30 minutes at high temperature to obtain the injection.

Example 113

(182) TABLE-US-00009 sample in Example 7 3.0 g Poloxamer 1.0 g sodium hydroxide 0.2 g citric acid QS Mannitol 26.0 g Lactose 23.0 g water for injection 100 mL

(183) Preparation process: To 80 mL of water for injection, the active ingredient, mannitol, lactose, Poloxamer are added, and stirred to dissolve, 1 mol/L of citric acid is added to adjust pH to 7.0-9.0, and then water is complemented to 100 mL. 0.5 g of active carbon is added and stirred for 20 minutes at the temperature of 30 C. The active carbon is removed, and filtered for sterilization by using micro-porous filtrating film. The filtrate is batched at 1 ml per piece. After pre-freezing for 2 hours, the samples are lyophilized for 12 hours under the reduced pressure. After the temperature of the samples reaches room temperature, they are dried for 5 hours again to make white loose bulks. After sealing, the final products are obtained.

Example 114

(184) TABLE-US-00010 Granules 100 bags sample in Example 8 30.0 g Lactose 55.0 g Mannitol 14.0 g Aspartame 0.05 g Essence 0.05 g 2% hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose QS (formulated with pure water)

(185) Preparation process: the active ingredient and adjuvants are sieved at 100 mesh respectively, and mixed sufficiently. Then, the prescribed amount of adjuvants and the active ingredient are weighted and mixed sufficiently. The adhesive is added to make the soft materials, sieved at 14 mesh to form granules, and dried at 55 C. The granules are sieved at 12 mesh, and then the bags are weighted for packaging.

Example 115

(186) The health SD rats are injected intraperitoneally with multiple low doses of streptozotocin for modeling (type 2 diabetes model) after feeding with high-fat and high-sucrose diet, and the content of blood glucose is measured before and after modeling. After the modeling successful, the rats for modeling are randomly divided (8 rats/group) into one blank group (administering the same volume of 0.5% CMC sodium solution) and several groups for compounds to be tested (6 mg/kg) according to the content of 24-hour urine glucose and the body weight. Rats in each group are fasted for 16 hours before experiment. The experimental rats are administered intragastrically with glucose (2 g/kg) at 0.5 h after intragastrical administration with compounds to be tested. The urine is collected at the time-period of 0-12 h after administration, and the urine glucose values are measured at each time-period by glucose-oxidase method. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

(187) TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 1 Urine glucose values measured by glucose-oxidase method at each time period Urine glucose excretion (mg/200 g body weight of Compound the rat) embedded image 743 621 655 00 643 01 587 02 455 03 609 04 457 05 644 06 622 07 688 08 523 09 671 0 613 310 328 230 625 470 736 410 721 700 0 712 539 833 439 288 213 378 198 235 880 0 811 801 698 749 721 611 748 744 412 426 0 828 723 772 656 689 716 457 723 634 712 0 embedded image 677 717 786 665 751 765 656 677 755 766 0 728 698 565 711 701 721 730

(188) The above results show that the compounds having the structures of general formula I of the present invention have stronger urine glucose excreting ability than that of the corresponding compound having no deoxy on the sugar ring. In the series of 6-deoxy compounds of compound I (see Example 1), the product I-D1-6 recorded in Example 1 have stronger urine glucose excretion effect than that of the I-D1-6 analogues having combinations of the other substituents on the two benzene rings at the rightside of the molecule, suggesting that the combinations of the substituents on the two benzene rings at the rightside of the molecule of products I-D1-6 recorded in Example 1 of the present invention are optimal. In the series of 4-deoxy compounds of compound I (see Example 2), the products I-D1-4 recorded in example 2 have stronger urine glucose excretion effect than that of the I-D1-4 analogues having combinations of the other substituents on the two benzene rings at the rightside of the molecule, suggesting that the combinations of the substituents on the two benzene rings at the rightside of the molecule of products I-D1-4 as recorded in Example 2 of the present invention are optimal. In the series of 3-deoxy compounds of compound I (see Example 3), the products I-D1-3 recorded in example 3 have stronger urine glucose excretion effect than that of the I-D1-3 analogues having combinations of the other substituents on the two benzene rings at the rightside of the molecule, suggesting that the combinations of the substituents on the two benzene rings at the rightside of the molecule of products I-D1-3 as recorded in Example 3 of the present invention are optimal. Similarly, in the series of 2-deoxy compounds of compound I (see Example 4), the products I-D1-2 recorded in Example 4 have stronger urine glucose excretion effect than that of the I-D1-2 analogues having combinations of the other substituents on the two benzene rings at the rightside of the molecule, suggesting that the combinations of the substituents on the two benzene rings at the rightside of the molecule of products I-D1-2 as recorded in Example 4 of the present invention are optimal.

Example 116

(189) Mice (18-20 g) with equal numbers of male and female are divided into groups (10 mice/group), after normal feeding for 3 days, fasted for 12 hours, and then administered intragastrically with a single dose of 750 mg/kg compound respectively. The mice are observed for the behaviors and deaths within one week after administration with compounds to be tested. The observed results are shown in Table 2 below.

(190) TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 2 Behavior and deaths of the mice within one week after administration with compounds to be tested Behaviors after administration with the compound to Compound be tested embedded image 8 dead 7 dead 7 dead 0 9 dead 6 dead 2 dead 2 dead 3 dead 5 dead 2 dead 0 dead 9 dead 7 dead 0 10 dead 7 dead 1 dead 3 dead 4 dead 3 dead 0 dead 1 dead 3 dead 1 dead 0 2 dead 5 dead 1 dead 2 dead 3 dead 3 dead 4 dead 1 dead 1 dead 1 dead 00 2 dead 01 5 dead 02 embedded image 3 dead 03 0 dead 04 3 dead 05 4 dead 06 2 dead 07 3 dead 08 0 dead 09 2 dead 0 0 dead

(191) The above results show that the compounds with the structures of general formula I have less toxicity than that of the corresponding compounds having no deoxy on the sugar rings.

Example 117

(192) IC.sub.50 values of inhibition of some compounds described in the present invention and related compounds on SGLT2 and SGLT1 are determined according to the method similar to that recorded in the document (Meng, W. et al, J. Med. Chem., 2008, 51, 1145-1149). The results are shown in Table 3 below.

(193) TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 3 IC.sub.50 values of some compounds against SGLT1 and SGLT2 Selectivity IC.sub.50 (hSGLT2, IC.sub.50 (hSGLT1, IC.sub.50 (hSGLT1)/ Compound nM) nM) IC.sub.50 (hSGLT2) embedded image 3.3 86 26 0.67 250.8 374 7.8 187.3 24

(194) The above results of determination of IC.sub.50 show that, comparing with the molecule containing an methoxyl at the corresponding position and the molecule containing an methyl at the corresponding postion on the left benzene ring listed in Table 3, the derivative described above containing an ethoxyl at the right side of 6-deoxy glucoside molecule represented by 1-D1-6 prepared in example 1 has: (1) much stronger inhibition to SGLT2; (2) much less inhibition to SGLT1; (3) much better selectivity on SGLT1/SGLT2, suggesting that the combination of the substituents on the two benzene rings at the right side of the molecule of product I-D1-6 recorded in example 1 of the present invention is optimal.

(195) Examples of the industrial synthetic method and intermediates of I-D1-6 are provided as follows.

Example 118: Synthesis of Compound M-2

(196) ##STR00314##

(197) 28.72 g (50 mmol) of compound M-1 is dissolved in 300 mL methanol, 15.18 g (150 mmol) of triethylamine and 3.00 g of Pd/C catalyst with the Pd mass fraction of 10% are added, and then the catalytic hydrogenation is conducted at room temperature and normal pressure, and the reaction process is monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC), until the reaction completes. This process typically requires 12-24 hours.

(198) After the reaction completes, the Pd/C catalyst is removed by suction filtration, the resulting filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is dissolved with dichloromethane, and then washed with 0.1 mol/l of aqueous NaCl solution, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. After that, the dichloromethane is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by column chromatography to obtain the pure product M-2.

(199) M-2 is a colourless oil, the .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) of which is as follows: 7.26-7.34 (m, 15H), 4.83 (d, 1H, J=11.2 Hz), 4.77 (d, 1H, J=11.2 Hz), 4.74 (d, 1H, J=3.2 Hz), 4.69 (d, 1H, J=11.2 Hz), 4.60-4.67 (m, 2H), 4.59 (d, 1H, J=11.6 Hz), 3.71 (t, 1H, J=9.2 Hz), 3.54-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.47 (dd, 1H, J=3.6 Hz and 9.6 Hz), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.10 (t, 1H, J=9.2 Hz), 1.16 (d, 3H, J=6.4 Hz).

Example 119: Synthesis of Compound M-2

(200) 28.72 g (50 mmol) of compound M-1 is dissolved in 200 mL of tetrahydrofuran (THF), 23.02 g (0.5 mol) of formic acid and 2.00 g of Pd/C catalyst with the Pd mass fraction of 10% are added, and then stirred in the nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature, and the reaction process is monitored by TLC, until the reaction substantially completes. This process typically requires 12-24 hours.

(201) After the reaction completes, the Pd/C catalyst is removed by suction filtration, the resulting filtrate is dumped into 500 mL of water, the pH value is adjusted to pH=5-6 with saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 solution, and extracted with 100 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with 0.1 mol/l aqueous NaCl solution, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated on the rotary evaporator to remove the solvent, and the resulting residue is purified by column chromatography to obtain the pure product M-2. M-2 is a colourless oil, the .sup.1H NMR spectra is the same as that of Example 118.

Example 120: Synthesis of Compound M-2

(202) The raw materials and operations are essentially the same as Example 119, except that the formic acid in Example 119 is replaced by ammonium formate and cyclohexene respectively, and the pure products M-2 are prepared respectively, the .sup.1H NMR spectra of which are the same as Example 118, and thus the conversion from M-1 to M-2 are achieved.

Example 121: Synthesis of Compound M-3

(203) ##STR00315##

(204) 17.94 g (40 mmol) of compound M-2 is dissolved in 150 mL of glacial acetic acid, followed by adding 20 mL of hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 6 M, and then heated for 30 min under stirring in 85 C. water bath. At this moment, TLC shows that the reaction completes substantially. The reaction mixture is quickly cooled to room temperature, dumped into 500 mL of ice water, stirred, and the pH value is adjusted to pH=4-6 with saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution, and extracted with 100 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with 0.1 mol/l aqueous NaCl solution, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by column chromatography to obtain the pure product M-3.

(205) M-3 is a white solid, has a melting point of 92-94 C., and is analyzed with .sup.1H NMR, which is shown as a mixture of a and 3 isomer.

Example 122: Synthesis of Compound M-3

(206) The raw materials and operations are essentially the same as Example 121, except that the hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 6 M in Example 121 is replaced by sulfuric acid with a concentration of 3 M, and the pure product M-3 is prepared, the melting point of which is 92-94 C., and thus the conversion from M-2 to M-3 is achieved.

Example 123: Synthesis of Compound M-4

(207) ##STR00316##

(208) 80 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is added into a 250 mL of round-bottom flask, and cooled with ice water bath. 50 mL of acetic anhydride (Ac.sub.2O) is added dropwise slowly under stirring, and stirred for another half an hour at this temperature after addition. After that, the solution prepared by dissolving 13.04 g (30 mmol) of M-3 in 20 mL of DMSO is added dropwise slowly, and then stirred at room temperature until the TLC shows that the reaction completes.

(209) After the reaction completes, the reaction mixture is dumped into 500 mL of ice water, stirred for half an hour, the pH value is adjusted to pH=4-6 with saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 solution, and extracted with 100 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with 0.1 mol/l aqueous NaCl solution, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by column chromatography to obtain the pure product M-4.

(210) M-4 is a white solid, has a melting point of 66-67 C., the .sup.1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) of which are as follows: 7.22-7.38 (m, 15H), 4.92 (d, 1H, J=11.2 Hz), 4.68 (d, 1H, J=11.2 Hz), 4.64 (d, 1H, J=11.6 Hz), 4.62 (d, 1H, J=11.6 Hz), 4.50-4.56 (m, 3H), 4.10 (d, 1H, J=4.8 Hz), 3.88 (t, 1H, J=5.4 Hz), 3.44 (dd, 1H, J=5.6 Hz and 8.8 Hz), 1.39 (d, 3H, J=6.4 Hz). Moreover, .sup.13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) of M-4 is as follows: 168.99, 137.36, 137.30, 136.77, 128.48, 128.45, 128.43, 128.34, 128.14, 127.99, 127.93, 81.36, 81.15, 77.29, 74.58, 73.48, 73.21, 72.97, 18.27.

Example 124: Synthesis of Compound M-5

(211) ##STR00317##

(212) To a 250 mL of dry round-bottom flask, 6.51 g (20 mmol) of (2-chloro-5-bromophenyl) (4-ethoxyphenyl) methane and 60 mL of dry THF are added, and the magneton is added. After purging with nitrogen gas, the mouth of the round-bottom flask is sealed with a soft rubber plug. The flask is placed in a liquid nitrogen-ethanol system to cool to 78 C., and stirred. 12.5 mL of n-butyl lithium solution with a concentration of 1.6 M (20 mmol n-butyl lithium) is added slowly with a injector, and stirred for another half an hour at this temperature after the addition, and then the solution prepared by dissolving 8.65 g (20 mmol) of M-4 in 40 mL of dry THF is added slowly with a injector. After the addition, the reaction mixture is stirred for another 1 hour at this temperature. After which, at this temperature, the solution prepared by dissolving 4.81 g (50 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid in 20 mL of methanol is added slowly with a injector, and stirred at room temperature for 12 hours after the addition.

(213) The reaction mixture is dumped into 400 mL of ice water, stirred, the pH value is adjusted to pH=4-6 with saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution, and extracted with 100 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with 0.1 mol/l aqueous NaCl solution, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is the crude product of M-5. The crude product of M-5 is analyzed using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), the mass-charge ratio of which is m/z=693 ([M+H].sup.+). Wherein, the crude product can be used for the next step of reaction without purification.

Example 125: Synthesis of Compound M-5

(214) To a 250 mL of dry round-bottom flask, 6.51 g (20 mmol) of (2-chloro-5-bromophenyl)(4-ethoxyphenyl)methane, 0.61 g (25 mmol) of metal magnesium and 20 mL of dry THF are added, the magneton is added, and stirred at room temperature. A small particle of iodine is added, and then heat the whole flask with hot water of 45 C.-65 C., until the reaction is initiated and most of the metal magnesium is used up. The flask is cooled with ice water, and to which a solution prepared by dissolving 8.65 g (20 mmol) of M-4 in 40 mL dry THF is added dropwise slowly through a dropping funnel. After the addition, the reaction mixture is stirred for another 1 hour at this temperature. The solution prepared by dissolving 4.81 g (50 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid in 20 mL of methanol is added dropwise slowly through a dropping funnel under cooling with ice water, and is stirred overnight at room temperature after addition.

(215) The reaction mixture is dumped into 400 mL of ice water, stirred for half an hour, the pH value is adjusted to pH=4-6 with saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution, and extracted with 100 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with 0.1 mol/l aqueous NaCl solution, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is the crude product of M-5. The crude product of M-5 is analyzed using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), the mass-charge ratio of which is m/z=693 ([M+H].sup.+). Wherein, the crude product can be used for the next step of reaction without purification.

Example 126: Synthesis of Compound M-6

(216) ##STR00318##

(217) In a 250 mL of round-bottom flask, the crude product of compound M-5 prepared in Example 7 is dissolved in the mixture solvents of 100 mL of dry dichloromethane and 50 mL of acetonitrile, 5.81 g (50 mmol) of Et.sub.3SiH is added, and stirred under cooling at 30 C. The solution prepared by dissolving 2.84 g (20 mmol) of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate in 10 mL of dry dichloromethane is added dropwise slowly through a dropping funnel. After the addition, the reaction mixture is heated up to room temperature, and stirred for another 5 hours at this room temperature, TLC shows that the reaction has completed. 20 mL of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution is carefully added into the reaction mixture, dumped into 400 mL of ice water after being stirred for another half an hour, stirred, and then extracted with 100 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with 0.1 mol/l aqueous NaCl solution, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator. The resulting residue is purified by column chromatography to obtain the pure product of M-6.

(218) M-6 has a melting point of 97-98 C., the .sup.1H-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz) of which is as follows: 7.41 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.22-7.35 (m, 12H), 7.14-7.20 (m, 3H), 7.03 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 6.83-6.85 (m, 3H), 6.73 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 4.76-4.82 (m, 3H), 4.66 (d, 1H, J=11.2 Hz), 4.35 (d, 1H, J=10.8 Hz), 4.23 (d, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 3.89-4.01 (m, 4H), 3.78 (d, 1H, J=10.8 Hz), 3.69 (t, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 3.47-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.27 (t, 1H, J=9.2 Hz), 1.27 (t, 3H, J=7.0 Hz), 1.20 (d, 3H, J=6.0 Hz).

Example 127: Synthesis of Compound M-7

(219) ##STR00319##

(220) 6.63 g (10 mmol) of compound M-6 is dissolved in 60 mL of redistilled acetic anhydride, stirred at a temperature of 10 C., 11.11 g (50 mmol) of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) is added dropwise slowly, and heat it up slowly to room temperature after the addition, and then stirred overnight. The reaction mixture is carefully dumped into 300 mL of ice water, stirred, and extracted with 100 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with 0.1 mol/l aqueous NaCl solution, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator. The resulting residue is purified by column chromatography to obtain the pure product of M-7.

(221) M-7 has a melting point of 130-131 C., the .sup.1H-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz) of which is as follows: 7.39 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.23-7.26 (m, 2H), 7.04 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 6.81 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 5.26 (t, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 4.94 (t, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 4.83 (t, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 4.57 (d, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 3.92-4.01 (m, 4H), 3.80-3.87 (m, 1H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.91 (s, 3H), 1.67 (s, 3H), 1.28 (t, 3H, J=6.8 Hz), 1.12 (d, 3H, J=6.0 Hz). and, M-7 custom character .sup.13C-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 100 MHz), 169.55, 169.49, 168.41, 156.91, 138.35, 136.52, 132.82, 130.92, 130.16, 129.50, 129.25, 126.57, 114.27, 77.52, 73.25, 73.01, 72.95, 72.65, 62.85, 37.37, 20.42, 20.26, 19.98, 17.33, 14.60.

Example 128: Synthesis of Compound I-D1-6

(222) ##STR00320##

(223) 2.59 g (5 mmol) of compound M-7 is dissolved in 30 mL of methanol, stirred at room temperature, 3 mL of NaOH solution with a concentration of 30% is then added, and then heated to reflux for half an hour, TLC shows that the reaction has completed. The reaction mixture, after slightly cooling, is dumped into 300 mL of ice water, stirred, the pH value is adjusted with hydrochloric acid to pH=7, and extracted with 50 mL3 of ethyl acetate. The organic phases are combined, washed with 0.1 mol/l aqueous NaCl solution, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator. The resulting residue is purified by column chromatography with a short silica gel column. The resulting product is recrystallized with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether to obtain the pure product of I-D1-6.

(224) I-D1-6 has a melting point of 145 C., the .sup.1H-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz) of which is as follows: 7.35 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.25 (d, 1H, J=2.0 Hz), 7.18 (dd, 1H, J=2.0 Hz and 8.0 Hz), 7.08 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 6.82 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 4.96 (d, 1H, J=5.2 Hz, D.sub.2O-exchangeable), 4.91 (d, 1H, J=4.4 Hz, D.sub.2O-exchangeable), 4.80 (d, 1H, J=5.6 Hz, D.sub.2O-exchangeable), 3.92-4.01 (m, 5H), 3.26-3.32 (m, 1H), 3.18-3.25 (m, 1H), 3.09-3.15 (m, 1H), 2.89-2.95 (m, 1H), 1.28 (t, 3H, J=7.0 Hz), 1.15 (d, 3H, J=6.0 Hz).

(225) .sup.13C-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 100 MHz) of I-D1-6 is as follows: 156.85, 139.65, 137.82, 131.83, 131.16, 130.58, 129.52, 128.65, 127.14, 114.26, 80.71, 77.98, 75.77, 75.51, 74.81, 62.84, 37.56, 18.19, 14.63.

(226) The I-D1-6 as prepared in this Example is analyzed using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) at high resolution, wherein C.sub.21H.sub.29ClNO.sub.5 ([M+NH.sub.4].sup.+) is calculated as 410.1734, and measured as 410.1730.

Example 129: Synthesis of Compound I-D1-6

(227) 0.2 g of metallic sodium is added in 20 mL of absolute methanol, stirred at room temperature, until the metallic sodium disappears, then 2.59 g (5 mmol) of compound M-7 is added, and stirred for another 5 hours, by this time TLC shows that the reaction has completed. After the reaction completes, the dry model 732 strong acid cation exchange resin is added, stirred overnight at room temperature, until pH=7. The resin is removed by suction filtration, the resulting filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by column chromatography with a short silica gel column. The resulting product is recrystallized with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether to obtain the pure product of I-D1-6.

(228) The I-D1-6 as prepared in this Example has a melting point of 145 C., the .sup.1H-NMR, .sup.13C-NMR and HR-ESI-MS have the same data with the corresponding data in Example 128.

Example 130: Synthesis of Compound I-D1-6

(229) 2.59 g (5 mmol) of compound M-7 is dissolved in 30 mL of saturated NH.sub.3/methanol, stirred overnight at room temperature, TLC shows that the reaction has completed. The reaction mixture, after slightly cooling, is dumped into 300 mL of ice water, stirred, and extracted with 50 mL3 of ethyl acetate.

(230) The organic phases are combined, washed with 0.1 mol/l aqueous NaCl solution, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator. The resulting residue is purified by column chromatography with a short silica gel column. The resulting product is recrystallized with ethyl acetate/petroleum to obtain the pure product of I-D1-6.

(231) The I-D1-6 as prepared in this Example has a melting point of 145 C., the .sup.1H-NMR, .sup.13C-NMR and HR-ESI-MS have the same data with the corresponding data in Example 128.

Example 131: Synthesis of the Crude Product of Compound I-D1-6

(232) ##STR00321##

(233) 6.63 g (10 mmol) of compound M-6 is dissolved in 40 mL of dry anisole, stirred under cooling with ice-water bath, 6.67 g (50 mmol) of anhydrous AlCl.sub.3 is added slowly, after the addition heat it up slowly to room temperature, and then stirred overnight, and TLC shows that the reaction substantially completes.

(234) After the reaction completes, the reaction mixture, after slightly cooling, is dumped into 300 mL of ice water, stirred, and extracted with 50 mL3 of ethyl acetate. The organic phases are combined, washed with 0.1 mol/l aqueous NaCl solution, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator. The resulting residue is the crude product of I-D1-6.

(235) The crude product of I-D1-6 prepared in this Example is analyzed using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). Wherein C.sub.21H.sub.29ClNO.sub.5 ([M+NH.sub.4].sup.+) is calculated as 410.1734, and measured as 410.1732.

(236) Since the crude product I-D1-6 has more impurities than the I-D1-6 prepared from the pure product M-7 in Example 128, it needs more creative work in the purification.

Example 132: Synthesis of the Crude Product of Compound I-D1-6

(237) 6.63 g (10 mmol) of compound M-6 is dissolved in 40 mL of dry acetonitrile, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 10.00 g (50 mmol) of iodotrimethylsilane (TMSI) is added slowly, and heated up slowly to room temperature after the addition, stirred overnight at room temperature, and then heated up to reflux for 3 hours, and TLC shows that the reaction basically completes.

(238) After the reaction completes, the reaction mixture, after slightly cooling, is dumped into 300 mL of ice water, stirred, and extracted with 50 mL3 of ethyl acetate. The organic phases are combined, washed with 0.1 mol/l aqueous NaCl solution, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator. The resulting residue is the crude product of I-D1-6.

(239) The crude product of I-D1-6 prepared in this Example is analyzed using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). Wherein C.sub.21H.sub.29ClNO.sub.5 ([M+NH.sub.4].sup.+) is calculated as 410.1734, and measured as 410.1732.

Example 133: Synthesis of Compound I-D1-6 Crude Product

(240) 6.63 g (10 mmol) of compound M-6 is dissolved in 20 mL of dry dichloromethane, cooled to 30 C., stirred, 50 mL (50 mmol) of BCl.sub.3 in dichloromethane solution with a concentration of 1 M is added slowly, and heated up slowly to room temperature after the addition, stirred overnight at room temperature, and TLC shows that the reaction completes.

(241) After the reaction completes, the reaction mixture, after slightly cooling, is dumped into 300 mL of ice water, stirred, and extracted with 50 mL3 of ethyl acetate. The organic phases are combined, washed with 0.1 mol/l NaCl aqueous solution, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator. The resulting residue is the crude product of I-D1-6.

(242) The crude product of I-D1-6 prepared in this Example is analyzed using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). Wherein C.sub.21H.sub.29ClNO.sub.5 ([M+NH.sub.4].sup.+) is calculated as 410.1734, and measured as 410.1736.

Example 134: Synthesis of the Crude Product of Compound I-D1-6

(243) 6.63 g (10 mmol) of compound M-6 is dissolved in 40 mL of THF, 0.5 g of Pd/C catalyst with a Pd mass fraction of 10% is added, catalytic hydrogenated overnight at room temperature, and TLC shows that the reaction substantially completes. After the reaction completes, the reaction mixture is filtered by suction, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is the crude product of I-D1-6.

(244) The crude product of I-D1-6 prepared in this Example is analyzed using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). Wherein C.sub.21H.sub.29ClNO.sub.5 ([M+NH.sub.4].sup.+) is calculated as 410.1734, and measured as 410.1740.

Example 135: Synthesis of Compound M-7 from the Crude Product of I-D1-6

(245) ##STR00322##

(246) 3.93 g (10 mmol) of the crude product of compound I-D1-6 prepared in Example 131 is dissolved in 30 mL of pyridine, 0.5 g of dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) is added, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 20 mL of acetic anhydride is added dropwise slowly through a dropping funnel. After the addition, the reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature, TLC shows that the reaction completes.

(247) After the reaction completes, the reaction mixture is dumped into 300 mL of ice water, stirred, and extracted with 50 mL3 of ethyl acetate. The organic phases are combined, washed with 100 mL of 5% hydrochloric acid and 0.1 mol/l aqueous NaCl solution respectively, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator. The resulting residue is purified by column chromatography to obtain the pure product of M-7.

(248) The M-7 as prepared in this Example has a melting point of 130-131 C., the .sup.1H-NMR and .sup.13C-NMR HR-ESI-MS have the same data with the corresponding data in Example 127.

Example 136: Synthesis of Compound M-7 from the Crude Product of I-D1-6

(249) 3.93 g (10 mmol) of the crude product of compound I-D1-6 prepared in Example 132 and 0.5 g of anhydrous sodium acetate are suspended in 30 mL of acetic anhydride, heated up to reflux for half an hour, and TLC shows that the reaction completes. The reaction mixture, after slightly cooling, is dumped into 300 mL of ice water, stirred for 5 hours, and extracted with 50 mL3 of ethyl acetate. The organic phases are combined, washed with 100 mL of saturated NaHCO.sub.3 and 0.1 mol/l aqueous NaCl solution respectively, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator. The resulting residue is purified by column chromatography to obtain the pure product of M-7.

(250) The M-7 as prepared in this Example has a melting point of 130-131 C., the .sup.1H-NMR and .sup.13C-NMR HR-ESI-MS have the same data with the corresponding data in Example 127.

Example 137: Directly Purification of the Crude Product of I-D1-6 to Obtain the Pure Product I-D1-6

(251) ##STR00323##

(252) 3.00 g of the crude product of compound I-D1-6 prepared in Example 133 is carefully purified by column chromatography: 3 cm30 cm glass chromatography column, firstly eluting with 500 mL of ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (volume ratio 1/2) mixture solvent, and then eluting with pure ethyl acetate, and collecting the eluent. After that, the solvent is removed by evaporating on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is recrystallized with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (volume ratio 1/1), to obtain the pure product I-D1-6.

(253) The purity of the pure product I-D1-6 is analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the purity is above 99.6%, individual impurity <0.2%, and determination of the heavy metal is eligible.

(254) Examples of the Cocrystal of I-D1-6 and L-Proline are Provided Below.

(255) The materials and experimental methods used in the experiment of the present invention are generally described in this Section. Although many materials and operation methods used for achieving the purpose of the present invention are well known in the art, they are described as much detail as possible in the present invention. A person skilled in the art understands that, unless otherwise indicated in the context, materials and operation methods used in the present invention are well known in the art.

(256) In Combination with the Following Examples, the Determination Conditions of the Cocrystal in the Present Invention are as Follows:

(257) Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) Condition:

(258) Instrument: Model Rigaku D/Max-2500 18 kW

(259) Diffractometer: polycrytalling powder diffractometer

(260) Target: Cu-K radiation, =1.5405 , 2=3-50

(261) Tube voltage: 40 KV

(262) Tube current: 100 mA

(263) Scanning speed: 8 C./min

(264) Crystal graphite monochromator

(265) DS/SS=1; RS: 0.3 mm

(266) Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) condition:

(267) Instrument: Rigaku PTC-10A TG-DTA analyzer

(268) Heating rate: 10 C./min

(269) Scanning temperature range: 0-300 C.

(270) Reference compound: Al.sub.2O.sub.3

(271) Sample amount: 5.0 mg of cocrystal to be tested

(272) High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Condition:

(273) Chromatographic column: C.sub.18, 150 mm4.6 mm, 5 um

(274) Mobile phase: methanol:water:acetic acid=70:30:0.25

(275) Wave length: 230 nm

(276) Flow rate: 0.8 ml/min

(277) Injection volume: 10 uL

(278) Column temperature: 35 C.

(279) Instrument: Purkinje General L6 liquid chromatograph; Hitachi L-7250 automatic injector; Purkinje General LC Win chromatograph work station

(280) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Condition:

(281) Instrument: Bruker AV400 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer

(282) Solvent: DMSO-d.sub.6

Example 138

(283) This Example is used for illustrating the cocrystal of I-D1-6 and L-proline of the present invention and preparation process thereof.

(284) I-D1-6 is prepared as the raw material. The following processes can be referenced:

(285) ##STR00324##
The specific preparation process is as follows:

(286) 40.9 g (100 mmol) of the above formula compound 1 is dissolved in 300 mL of dry DMF, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 27.2 g (400 mmol) of imidazole is added, and then 16.6 g (110 mmol) of TBDMSCl (tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride) is added dropwise slowly over 15 min. After the addition, the reaction compounds are stirred for another 3 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with 1500 mL of dichloromethane, washed with 500 mL3 of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 2, which is a white, foamed solid.

(287) 41.9 g (80 mmol) of compound 2 is dissolved in 300 mL of pyridine, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath. 150 mL of acetic anhydride is added dropwise slowly, and then 1 g of DMAP (4-dimethylaminopyridine) is added. After the addition, the reaction mixture is further stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is dumped into 2000 mL of ice water, stirred, and extracted with 500 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed successively with 500 mL of 5% diluted hydrochloric acid and 1000 mL of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration; the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator. The resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 3, which is a white solid and has a melting point of 101-102 C.

(288) 39.0 g (60 mmol) of compound 3 is dissolved in 500 mL of 90% aqueous acetic acid solution, stirred for 5 hours at 45 C., and then dumped into 2000 mL of ice water, adjusted the pH to pH=7-8 with saturated NaHCO.sub.3, and extracted with 500 mL3 of dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined, washed with 1000 mL of saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 4, which is a white solid and has a melting point of 120-121 C.

(289) 126.9 g (500 mmol) of iodine is dissolved in 500 mL of dry dichloromethane, stirred under cooling with an ice-water bath, 131.1 g (500 mmol) of triphenylphosphine is added slowly, after the addition the reaction compounds are stirred for another 10 min. 136.2 g (2 mol) of imidazole is then added slowly, stirred for another hour after the addition. To the above resulting system, 26.7 g (50 mmol) of compound 5 is added, after the addition the reaction compound is stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with 2000 mL of dichloromethane, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pure product 5, which is a white solid and has a melting point of 141-142 C.

(290) 19.3 g (30 mmol) of compound 5, 29.1 g (100 mmol) of n-Bu.sub.3SnH and 4.9 g (30 mmol) of AIBN are dissolved in 200 mL of dry benzene, heated to reflux for 3 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture, after cooling, is diluted with 1000 mL of dichloromethane, washed with saturated salt water, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The drying agent is removed by filtration, the solvent in the filtrate is removed on the rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain pure product 6, which is a white, foamed solid.

(291) To 100 mL of dry absolute methanol, 0.5 g of metallic sodium is added, stirred under the protection of nitrogen at room temperature, until the metallic sodium disappeared. After that, 5.2 g (10 mmol) of compound 6 is added, and stirred for another 3 hours at room temperature. To the reaction system, 5 g of strong acid cation exchange resin is added, stirred overnight at room temperature, until the reaction mixture's pH=7. The resin is removed by suction filtration, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator, the resulting residue is further dried on the vacuum oil pump to obtain the product I-D1-6, which is a white, foamed solid. The DTA spectra is shown as FIG. 4, and the PXRD spectra is shown as FIG. 5.

(292) The DTA spectra and PXRD spectra of L-proline are as shown in FIG. 6, FIG. 7 respectively.

(293) 1.00 g (2.5 mmol) of compound I-D1-6 prepared according to the above method is dissolved in 20 mL of absolute ethanol under slightly heating to obtain the ethanol solution of I-D1-6. In addition, 0.60 g (5.2 mmol) of L-proline, 0.5 mL of water and 5 mL of absolute ethanol are added into a 50 mL of round-bottom flask, stirred at room temperature to obtain a clear mixture solution. The ethanol solution of I-D1-6 described above is added slowly into the said mixture solution containing L-proline under stirring to obtain a clear solution. This solution continues to be stirred at room temperature to obtain a white, crystal slurry system. The crystal is collected by suction filtration, and dried at 30 C. for 5 hours on the vacuum oil pump to obtain a white solid of 0.83 g.

(294) The Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) spectra and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) spectra of this white solid product (cocrystal) are shown as FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 respectively, the .sup.1H NMR spectra is shown as FIG. 3. It can be determined that the white solid prepared in this Example is the cocrystal of I-D1-6 and L-proline of the present invention.

Example 139

(295) This Example is used for illustrating the cocrystal of I-D1-6 and L-proline of the present invention and preparation process thereof.

(296) Compound I-D1-6 is prepared as the raw material according to the same method as Example 138.

(297) 1.00 g (2.5 mmol) of compound I-D1-6 prepared above is dissolved in 20 mL of absolute ethanol under slightly heating to obtain the ethanol solution of I-D1-6. In addition, 0.40 g (3.5 mmol) of L-proline, 0.3 mL of water and 4 mL of absolute ethanol are added into a 50 mL round-bottom flask, stirred at room temperature to obtain a clear mixture solution. The ethanol solution of I-D1-6 described above is added slowly into said mixture solution containing L-proline under stirring to obtain a clear solution. This solution is further stirred at room temperature to obtain a white, crystal slurry system. The crystal is collected by suction filtration, and dried at 30 C. for 4 hours on the vacuum oil pump to obtain a white solid of 0.80 g.

(298) It is determined by DTA and PXRD that the white solid is the cocrystal of I-D1-6 and L-proline. The DTA spectra has a absorption peak near 170 C.

Example 140

(299) This Example is used for illustrating the cocrystal of I-D1-6 and L-proline of the present invention and preparation process thereof.

(300) Compound I-D1-6 is prepared as the raw material according to the same method as Example 138.

(301) 1.00 g (2.5 mmol) of compound I-D1-6 prepared above is dissolved in 20 mL of absolute ethanol under slightly heating to obtain the ethanol solution of I-D1-6. In addition, 0.29 g (2.5 mmol) of L-proline, 0.3 mL of water and 4 mL of absolute ethanol are added into a 50 mL round-bottom flask, stirred at room temperature to obtain a clear mixture solution. The ethanol solution of I-D1-6 described above is added slowly into said mixture solution containing L-proline under stirring to obtain a clear solution. This solution is further stirred at room temperature to obtain a white, crystal slurry system. The crystal is collected by suction filtration, and dried at 30 C. for 5 hours on the vacuum oil pump to obtain a white solid of 0.79 g.

(302) It is determined by DTA and PXRD that the white solid is the cocrystal of I-D1-6 and L-proline. The DTA spectra has a absorption peak near 170 C.

Example 141

(303) This Example is used for illustrating the cocrystal of I-D1-6 and L-proline of the present invention and preparation process thereof.

(304) Compound I-D1-6 is prepared as the raw material according to the same method as Example 138.

(305) 1.00 g (2.5 mmol) of compound I-D1-6 prepared above is dissolved in 20 mL of absolute ethanol under slightly heating to obtain the ethanol solution of I-D1-6. In addition, 0.40 g (3.5 mmol) of L-proline and 6 mL of absolute ethanol are added into a 50 mL round-bottom flask, stirred at 40 C. to obtain a clear mixture solution. The ethanol solution of I-D1-6 described above is added slowly into said mixture solution containing L-proline under stirring to obtain a clear solution. This solution is cooled naturally to room temperature and further stirred overnight to obtain a white, crystal slurry system. The crystal is collected by suction filtration, and dried at 30 C. for 8 hours on the vacuum oil pump to obtain a white solid of 0.80 g.

(306) It is determined by DTA and PXRD that the white solid is the cocrystal of I-D1-6 and L-proline. The DTA spectra has a absorption peak near 170 C.

Example 142

(307) This Example is used for illustrating the preparation of the tablet containing the cocrystal of I-D1-6 and L-proline of the present invention.

(308) TABLE-US-00014 Prescription amount/tablet sample prepared in Example 138 7 mg microcrystalline cellulose 80 mg pregelatinized starch 70 mg polyvinyl pyrrolidone 6 mg sodium carboxymethyl starch 5 mg magnesium stearate 2 mg talc powders 2 mg

(309) The sample cocrystal prepared in Example 138, pregelatinized starch and microcrystalline cellulose are sieved and mixed sufficiently in the prescription amount, and then prescription amount of polyvinyl pyrrolidone solution is added and mixed to make soft materials. The soft materials are sieved to make wet granules, which are dried at 40-50 C. Sodium carboxymethyl starch, magnesium stearate and talc powders are then pre-sieved, and added to granules described above in the prescription amount for tabletting, so as to obtain the tablet containing the cocrystal of I-D1-6 and L-proline.

Test Example 1

(310) The IC.sub.50 value of the inhibition of the cocrystal of I-D1-6 and L-proline prepared in Example 138 on SGLT2 and SGLT1 is measured according to the method recorded in the literature (Meng, W. et al, J. Med. Chem., 2008, 51, 1145-1149). The results are as shown in Table 4 below:

(311) TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 4 IC50 value of the inhibition of the cocrystal of I-D1-6 and L-proline on SGLT2 and SGLT1 Selectivity IC.sub.50 (hSGLT2, IC.sub.50 (hSGLT1, IC.sub.50 (hSGLT1)/ nM) nM) IC.sub.50 (hSGLT2) 0.69 259 375

(312) It can be seen from the results of IC.sub.50 value in the above Table that, the cocrystal of I-D1-6 and L-proline is a strong selective SGLT2 inhibitor.

Test Example 2

(313) The purity of the cocrystal of I-D1-6 and L-proline prepared in Example 138 is measured by HPLC, which is 99.49%, and there are total of 3 small impurity peaks (0.27%, 0.07% and 0.17% respectively). Whereas the purity of the I-D1-6 raw materials used for preparing the cocrystal is measured as 99.11%, and there are total of 7 small impurity peaks (the impurities corresponding to the cocrystal are 0.32%, 0.08% and 0.19% respectively, there are 4 other extra impurities 0.11%, 0.10%, 0.03% and 0.06%). Thus it can be seen that the purity of the cocrystal is improved significantly, and it is more suitable for batch production of medicines.

Test Example 3

(314) The cocrystal of I-D1-6 and L-proline prepared in Example 138 and the I-D1-6 raw materials serving as a contrast are tested for the influencing factors, and placed for two weeks (14 days) under the conditions of light (natural daylight, averages about 80000 Lx), higher temperature (45 C.) and higher humidity (30% relative humidity at 30 C.). The appearance, number of impurity and the amount of impurity (measured by HPLC) are compared with that of day 0. The test results are shown in Tables 5-7 respectively.

(315) TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 5 Test data of light stability Investigation items Total amount Number of of impurity Time (day) Sample Appearance impurity (%) Crystal form 0 I-D1-6 raw a white, foam-like 7 0.89 materials solid cocrystal white crystalline 3 0.51 as shown in powder FIG. 2 7 I-D1-6 raw a white, foam-like 7 0.93 materials solid cocrystal white crystalline 3 0.51 unchanged powder 14 I-D1-6 raw a white, foam-like 7 0.96 materials solid cocrystal white crystalline 3 0.52 unchanged powder

(316) TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 6 Test data of higher temperature stability Investigation items Total amount Number of of impurity Time (day) Sample Appearance impurity (%) Crystal form 0 I-D1-6 raw white, foam-like 7 0.89 materials solid cocrystal white crystalline 3 0.51 as shown in powder FIG. 2 7 I-D1-6 raw white, foam-like 8 0.97 materials solid cocrystal white crystalline 3 0.51 unchanged powder 14 I-D1-6 raw white, foam-like 9 1.13 materials solid cocrystal white crystalline 3 0.51 unchanged powder

(317) TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 7 Test data of higher humidity stability Investigation items Total amount Number of of impurity Crystal Time (day) Sample Appearance impurity (%) form 0 I-D1-6 raw white, foam-like 7 0.89 materials solid cocrystal white crystalline 3 0.51 as shown in powder FIG. 2 7 I-D1-6 raw white foam-like 7 0.93 materials solid cocrystal white crystalline 3 0.51 unchanged powder 14 I-D1-6 raw white foam-like 8 1.08 materials solid cocrystal white crystalline 3 0.52 unchanged powder

(318) It can be seen from Tables 5-7 that, in the two week stability test under the conditions of light, higher temperature, higher humidity condition, there is no visible change in the appearance of cocrystal of the present invention, the crystal form remains stable. In the meanwhile, the number of impurity and the total amount of impurity measured by HPLC did not increase significantly, and thus as compared with the I-D1-6 raw materials, the cocrystal has better storage stability, and may be a source of the I-D1-6 active pharmaceutical ingredient.

Test Example 4

(319) The inhibiting activity of the cocrystal of I-D1-6 and L-proline on SGLT2 is measured by the model for rat urine glucose excretion.

(320) The health SD rats are injected intraperitoneally with multiple low doses of streptozotocin for modeling (type 2 diabetes model) after feeding with high-fat and high-sucrose diet for one month, and the content of blood glucose is measured before and after modeling. After the modeling successful, the rats for modeling are randomly divided (8 rats/group) into one blank group (administering the same volume of 0.5% CMC sodium solution) and groups of tested compound (6 mg/kg) according to the content of 24-hour urine glucose and the body weight. Rats in each group are fasted for 16 hours before experiment. The experimental rats are administered intragastrically with the glucose (2 g/kg) at 0.5 h after intragastrical administration with the cocrystal of I-D1-6 and L-proline prepared in Example 138. The urine is collected at the time-period of 0-12 h after administration, and the urine glucose values are measured at each time-period by glucose-oxidase method. The experimental results show that the cocrystal is able to induce the production of 912 mg urine glucose/200 g body weight, indicating that the cocrystal has stronger ability of discharging urine glucose.

Phenyl c-glucoside derivative containing deoxyglucose structure, preparation method and use thereof

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Abstract

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