Medical Treatment Device And Hose Set For A Medical Treatment Device And Method For Monitoring A Peristaltic Hose Pump

Abstract

The invention relates to a medical treatment apparatus comprising a tube set 20, a peristaltic pump 6 for conveying fluid, and a monitoring apparatus 15 for monitoring the occlusion of the positive displacement elements 13A, 13B of the peristaltic pump. In addition, the invention relates to a tube set 20 for a medical treatment apparatus, and to a method for monitoring the occlusion of the occlusion elements of a peristaltic pump for conveying a fluid for a medical treatment apparatus. The invention is based on the fact that the occlusion of the positive displacement elements 13A, 13B of the peristaltic pump 6 is monitored in order to monitor the fluid flow in the hose line 5. For this purpose, the electrical resistance or a variable which correlates with the electrical resistance is measured between a first and a second electrode 16A, 16B, the first electrode 16A being arranged on the hose line 5 upstream of the occlusion elements 12 of the peristaltic pump 6 and the second electrode 16b being arranged on the hose line downstream of the occlusion elements such that an electrical contact is produced between the first and second electrode 16A, 16B and the fluid flowing in the hose line 5. The electrodes 16A, 16B are preferably integral component parts of a connecting piece 10, by means of which the hose segment 5A to be inserted into the peristaltic pump 6 is fixed in the form of a loop.

Claims

1. A medical treatment apparatus comprising a tube set which comprises one or more hose lines, a peristaltic pump for conveying fluid, which comprises a receiving unit having a pump bed for inserting a hose segment of the hose line, and movable occlusion elements for acting on the hose segment inserted into the pump bed, and a monitoring apparatus for monitoring the occlusion of the occlusion elements of the peristaltic pump, characterised in that the monitoring apparatus comprises: a device for measuring the electrical resistance or a variable which correlates with the electrical resistance between a first and a second electrode, the first electrode being arranged on the hose line upstream of the occlusion elements and the second electrode being arranged on the hose line downstream of the occlusion elements of the peristaltic pump such that an electrical contact can be produced between the first and second electrode and the fluid flowing in the hose line, and a calculation and evaluation unit which detects the electrical resistance or a variable which correlates with the electrical resistance.

2. The medical treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the calculation and evaluation unit is designed such that a change in the electrical resistance is detected, a lack of occlusion of the occlusion elements being concluded if the electrical resistance falls below a predetermined threshold value, or such that a change in the electrical conductivity is detected, a lack of occlusion of the occlusion elements being concluded if the electrical conductivity exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

3. The medical treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the receiving unit of the peristaltic pump comprises an arcuate pump bed, the hose segment to be inserted into the receiving unit forming a loop.

4. The medical treatment apparatus according to claim 3, characterised in that the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged in the region of the intersecting portions of the hose segment that forms a loop.

5. The medical treatment apparatus according to claim 3, characterised in that the tube set comprises a connecting piece, by means of which the intersecting portions of the hose segment forming a loop are fixed, the first and second electrode being component parts of the connecting piece.

6. The medical treatment apparatus according to claim 5, characterised in that the connecting piece is a plastics part in which a first channel comprising an inlet and an outlet, and a second channel comprising an inlet and an outlet are formed, and in that the electrodes are formed in the wall of the first and second channels.

7. The medical treatment apparatus according to claim 6, characterised in that the plastics material of the connecting piece consists of a conductive and a non-conductive component, the plastics material in the region of the first and second channel in which the first and second electrodes are formed being a conductive plastics material for forming the electrodes.

8. The medical treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the first and/or second electrodes are annular electrodes.

9. The medical treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the medical treatment apparatus is a blood treatment apparatus comprising an extracorporeal blood circuit, the tube set being a blood tube set comprising a blood line which is to be inserted into the receiving unit of the peristaltic pump.

10. A tube set for a medical treatment apparatus, comprising one or more hose lines, at least one electrode being provided on a hose line for connecting at least one electrical line of a monitoring apparatus, characterised in that the at least one electrode is a component part of a plastics part consisting of a conductive and a non-conductive component, in which plastics part at least one channel is formed which comprises an inlet, to which a hose segment of the hose line is connected, and an outlet, to which a hose segment of the hose line is connected, the plastics material in a region of the plastics part in which the electrode is formed being a conductive plastics material.

11. The tube according to claim 10, characterised in that a first and a second electrode are provided on the hose segment of the hose line for connecting a first and a second electrical line of a monitoring apparatus for monitoring the occlusion of the occlusion elements of the peristaltic pump.

12. The tube set according to claim 10, characterised in that the hose segment of the hose line, at which segment the first and second electrodes are provided, forms a loop for inserting into an arcuate pump bed of a receiving unit of the peristaltic pump, the plastics part being a connecting piece by means of which the intersecting portions of the hose segments are fixed.

13. The tube set according to claim 12, characterised in that a first channel comprising an inlet and an outlet, and a second channel comprising an inlet and an outlet are formed in the connecting piece, and in that the electrodes are formed in the wall of the first and second channels.

14. The tube set according to claim 10, characterised in that the electrode is an annular electrode.

15. A method for monitoring the occlusion of the occlusion elements of a peristaltic pump for conveying a fluid for a medical treatment apparatus, the peristaltic pump comprising a receiving unit having a pump bed for inserting a hose segment of a hose line, and movable occlusion elements for acting on the hose segment inserted into the pump bed, characterised in that the electrical resistance or a variable which correlates with the electrical resistance is measured between a first and a second electrode, the first electrode being arranged on the hose line upstream of the occlusion element and the second electrode being arranged on the hose line downstream of the occlusion element such that an electrical contact is produced between the first and second electrode and the fluid flowing in the hose line, and in that the electrical resistance or the variable which correlates with the electrical resistance is detected.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterised in that a change in the electrical resistance is detected, a lack of occlusion of the occlusion elements being concluded if the electrical resistance falls below a predetermined threshold value, or in that a change in the electrical conductivity is detected, a lack of occlusion of the occlusion elements being concluded if the electrical conductivity exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

Description

[0030] An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings, in which:

[0031] FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic view of a medical treatment apparatus according to the invention which comprises a monitoring apparatus for monitoring the occlusion of the peristaltic pump,

[0032] FIG. 2 is a simplified schematic view of the peristaltic pump of the medical treatment apparatus,

[0033] FIG. 3 is a simplified schematic view of the hose segment to be inserted into the peristaltic pump, together with a connecting piece and the adjacent hose line portions, and

[0034] FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the connecting piece.

[0035] In the present embodiment, the medical treatment apparatus is an extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus, in particular a haemodialysis apparatus, which has a dialyser 1 which is divided into a blood chamber 3 and a dialysate chamber 4 by a semi-permeable membrane 2. An arterial blood line 5, in which a blood pump 6 is arranged, leads from a patient to an inlet of the blood chamber 3, whilst a venous blood line 7 leads from an outlet of the blood chamber to the patient.

[0036] The fresh dialysate is provided in a dialysate source 8. A dialysate supply line 9 leads from the dialysate source 8 to an inlet of the dialysate chamber 4 of the dialyser 1, whilst a dialysate discharge line 30 leads from an outlet of the dialysate chamber 4 to a drain 11. A dialysate pump 12 is arranged in the dialysate discharge line 30.

[0037] The blood pump 6 is a peristaltic pump, in particular a roller pump, the arterial and venous blood lines 5, 7, being flexible hose lines of a tube set 20 intended for single use (disposable).

[0038] FIG. 2 is a simplified schematic view of the peristaltic pump 6. The peristaltic pump 6 comprises a housing body 27 having a receiving unit 28, into which a hose segment 5A of the arterial hose line 5 is inserted. The hose segment forms a loop which is fitted in an arcuate pump bed 29 formed in the receiving unit 28. The intersecting portions of the hose line 5 are fixed by a connecting piece 10 which is fitted, preferably in a latching manner, into a recess 31 in the housing body 27. A peristaltic pump of this kind is known from WO 2005/111424 A1.

[0039] In the present embodiment, the peristaltic pump comprises rollers 13A, 13B as positive displacement elements, which rollers are rotatably mounted on a rotor 13 which is enclosed by the pump bed 29. The rollers are resiliently pre-loaded on the rotor 13 against the hose line 5 in the radial direction R. During correct operation, the rollers 13A, 13B completely squeeze the hose line 5, as shown in FIG. 3. Since the rollers 13A, 13B are resiliently pre-loaded on the rotor 13, the rollers can be removed from the hose line 5 if the pressure increases as a result of a blockage of the fluid flow in the hose line 5 downstream of the pump 6. The roller pump can also have more than two rollers.

[0040] The blood treatment apparatus comprises a central control and calculating unit 14 and can have additional components, for example a balancing device or an ultrafiltration device, and various sensors for monitoring the blood treatment, which are not, however, shown in FIG. 1.

[0041] In addition, the blood treatment apparatus comprises a monitoring apparatus 15 for monitoring the occlusion of the positive displacement elements 13A, 13B of the peristaltic pump. The monitoring apparatus 15 comprises a device 16 for measuring the electrical resistance or a variable which correlates with the electrical resistance, and a calculation and evaluation unit 17, which can also be component parts of the central control and calculating unit 14 of the blood treatment apparatus.

[0042] The device 16 for measuring the electrical resistance comprises a first and a second electrode 16A, 16B, between which the electrical resistance is measured by means of a resistance or conductivity meter 16C. The first electrode 16A is connected to the resistance or conductivity meter 16C via a first electrical connecting line 16D, and the second electrode 16B is connected to the resistance or conductivity meter via a second electrical connecting line 16E. The two electrodes 16A, 16B are integral component parts of the connecting piece 10 of the hose line 5.

[0043] FIGS. 3 and 4 show an embodiment of the connecting piece 10 shown schematically in FIG. 1, in which connecting piece the electrodes 16A, 16B are integrated. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the connecting piece 10. The connecting piece 10 is a plastics part which is preferably formed as a single piece, but which can also be formed as a plurality of pieces, for example consisting of a housing lower part and a housing upper part.

[0044] A first channel 10A and a second channel 10B are formed in the plastics part, which channels intersect. The end pieces of the first channel 10A are formed as an inlet piece and an outlet piece 10AA, 10AB and the end pieces of the second channel 10B are formed as an inlet piece and an outlet piece 10BA, 10BB. The adjacent hose line portions are connected to the inlet piece and the outlet piece 10AA, 10AB and 10BA, 10BB of the first and second channel 10A, 10B, such that the patient's blood flows through one channel 10A to the peristaltic pump 6 and through the other channel 10B from the pump.

[0045] The first electrode 16A is provided on the first channel 10A and the second electrode 16B is provided on the second channel 10B. The electrodes 16A, 16B are preferably annular electrodes which are formed in the wall of the channel, such that an electrical contact is produced between the electrode and the blood. The annular electrodes preferably extend over the entire cross section of the channel.

[0046] The plastics part 10 consists of a first component made of a non-conductive plastics material, and a second component made of a conductive plastics material, the annular electrodes 16A, 16B being made of the conductive plastics material. The conductive plastics material is shown by black shading in FIGS. 3 and 4. The connecting piece 10 is produced in the two component injection moulding process (2K injection moulding process), a conductive hemocompatible plastics material being used in the region of the channel 10A, 10B, in which the electrode 16A, 16B is intended to be formed. The annular electrodes are preferably formed as an annular extension of the hose line. The conductive plastics material can be, for example, a polymer compound made of polypropene and stainless steel fibres.

[0047] Additional electrodes 16C and 16D can also be integrated in the connecting piece 10, for example electrodes for leakage currents (earthing) or for coupling or decoupling additional signals.

[0048] Portions of the electrical connecting lines 16D, 16E for the electrodes 16A, 16B are also formed in the connecting piece 10 as tracks made of a conductive plastics material. The ends of these conductive tracks are formed as connection contacts 16F, 16G, which come into contact with corresponding connection contacts 16H, 16I on the receiving unit 28 when the connecting piece 10 is inserted into the recess 31 in the receiving unit 28 of the housing body 27. As a result, the electrical connection to the resistance or conductivity meter 16C can be produced in a particularly simple manner, and therefore the handling process is further simplified.

[0049] The calculation and evaluation unit 17 can be designed in different ways. For example, the calculation and evaluation unit 17 can be a microcomputer, on which a data processing program (software) runs. The calculation and evaluation unit 17 is designed such that the resistance measured between the electrodes 16A, 16B is compared with a predetermined threshold value. The measurement takes place at a high resistance. As long as the positive displacement elements 13A, 13B are not removed from the hose line 5, the measured resistance is high. If the resistance falls below a threshold value, it is concluded that the positive displacement elements 13A, 13B have been removed from the hose line 5. Instead of the resistance, the conductivity can also be measured. As long as the positive displacement elements 13A, 13B are not removed from the hose line 5, the conductivity measured is low. If the conductivity increases above the threshold value, it is concluded that the positive displacement elements have been removed from the hose line. The magnitude of the resistance or the conductivity is also a measurement for the distance by which the positive displacement elements 13A, 13B have been removed, since the cross section for conductive fluid, in particular blood, to pass through increases when the positive displacement elements 13A, 13B are pushed back against the resilient force. Consequently, by evaluating the resistance or the conductivity, the position of the positive displacement elements can also be concluded, it being possible to calculate or empirically determine the dependency of the position of the positive displacement elements on the resistance or the conductivity from the relevant flow cross sections, taking account of the resistance or the conductivity of the fluid. A corresponding function or the corresponding value can be stored in a memory of the calculation and evaluation unit 17, and therefore the calculation and evaluation unit 17 can calculate the position of the positive displacement elements.

[0050] The central control and calculating unit 14 is connected to the monitoring apparatus 15 via a data line 18. If the monitoring apparatus 15 detects a removal of the positive displacement elements 13A, 13B by a particular amount as a result of an increase in pressure in the hose line, the monitoring apparatus 15 generates a control or alarm signal, which is received by the central calculation and control unit 14. The central calculation and control unit 14 is connected via a data line 19 to an alarm unit 21, which emits an alarm. The central calculation and control unit 14 can also intervene in the machine control, for example stopping the peristaltic pump.

[0051] The monitoring apparatus 15 can also generate a control signal (data signal), which is dependent on the displacement of the positive displacement elements 13A, 13B. This signal can be received by a display unit (not shown), on which the position of the positive displacement elements is displayed.