Fluid treatment system

Abstract

There is described a fluid treatment system that is particularly well suited for treating ballast water on a shipping vessel. The present fluid treatment system is characterized by having two general modes of operation. A so-called ballasting mode and a so-called deballasting mode. In the ballasting mode, water is pumped from the sea or other body of water in which the shipping vessel is located to a ballast fluid inlet in the present fluid treatment system. Thereafter, it passes through the filter separation and radiation treatment sections in the fluid treatment zone of the fluid treatment system. Next, the fluid exits the fluid outlet of the fluid treatment system and it is pumped to one or more ballast tanks that are located on the shipping vessel. In the deballasting mode, water contained in the ballast tank(s) is pumped to a deballasting fluid inlet of the fluid treatment system after which it is treated in the radiation section onlyi.e., in the deballasting mode, water substantially bypasses the fluid separation section of the fluid treatment system. Next, the treated fluid exits the fluid outlet of the fluid treatment system and is discharged overboard the shipping vessel. A valve system is used to switch between ballasting mode and deballasting mode.

Claims

1. A fluid treatment system comprising: a housing; a first fluid inlet in the housing; a second fluid inlet in the housing; a fluid outlet in the housing; a fluid treatment zone disposed in the housing, the fluid treatment zone comprising a fluid separation section and a fluid radiation section in fluid communication with one another and in fluid communication with the first fluid inlet, the second fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, at least a portion of the fluid separation section being disposed within at least a portion of the fluid radiation section; and a programmed system control operating a valve system in each of: (i) a first mode in which the valve system causes fluid to pass through the first fluid inlet and then through the fluid separation section and fluid radiation section and then through the fluid outlet, (ii) a second mode in which the valve system causes fluid to pass through the second fluid inlet so as to substantially bypass the fluid separation section and pass through the fluid radiation section and then through the fluid outlet, (iii) a third mode in which the valve system causes fluid to substantially bypass the fluid treatment system, and (iv) a fourth mode in which the valve system causes fluid to backwash through the fluid separation section, wherein the backwash element comprises a backwash valve element configured to be operated between an open position in which at least one separation element is backwashed and a closed position to define a backwash cycle.

2. The fluid treatment system defined in claim 1, wherein the valve system comprises a first valve element and a second valve element.

3. The fluid treatment system defined in claim 2, wherein, in the first mode, the first valve element is in an open position and the second valve element is in a closed position.

4. The fluid treatment system defined in claim 2, wherein, in the second mode, the first valve element is in a closed position and the second valve element is in an open position.

5. The fluid treatment system defined in claim 1, wherein the fluid separation section comprises a plurality of separation elements arranged in a separation element array.

6. The fluid treatment system defined in claim 5, wherein each separation element is configured to receive an independent flow of fluid with respect to an adjacent separation element.

7. The fluid treatment system defined in claim 5, wherein each separation element comprises a longitudinal axis that is substantially parallel with respect to a longitudinal axis of at least two adjacent separation elements.

8. The fluid treatment system defined in claim 1, wherein the valve system comprises a third valve element and, in the third mode, the first valve element is in closed position, the second valve element is in a closed position and the third valve element is in an open position.

9. The fluid treatment system defined in claim 1, wherein the fluid radiation section comprises at least one elongate radiation source assembly.

10. The fluid treatment system defined in claim 9, wherein the elongate radiation source assembly comprises a longitudinal axis that is configured to be transverse to the direction of fluid flow through the fluid radiation section.

11. The fluid treatment system defined in claim 1, wherein the fluid separation section and the fluid radiation section are disposed serially along a direction of fluid flow through the fluid treatment zone.

12. The fluid treatment system defined in claim 1, wherein the fluid separation section and the fluid radiation section are disposed non-coaxially along a direction of fluid flow through the fluid treatment zone.

13. The fluid treatment system defined in claim 1, wherein the fluid separation section and the fluid radiation section are disposed coaxially along a direction of fluid flow through the fluid treatment zone.

14. The fluid treatment system defined in claim 1, wherein the fluid separation section and the fluid radiation section are disposed in a ship.

15. The fluid treatment system defined in claim 1, wherein the housing is pressurized.

16. The fluid treatment system defined in claim 1, wherein the fluid treatment system deballasts a ship.

17. A fluid treatment system comprising: a housing; a first fluid inlet in the housing; a second fluid inlet in the housing; a fluid outlet in the housing; a fluid treatment zone disposed in the housing, the fluid treatment zone comprising (i) a fluid separation section and (ii) a fluid radiation section in fluid communication with one another and in fluid communication with the first fluid inlet, the second fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, at least a portion of the fluid separation section being disposed within at least a portion of the fluid radiation section, wherein the fluid separation section comprises a plurality of separation elements arranged in a separation element array, wherein the fluid separation section further comprises a backwash element, the backwash element including an arm portion rotatably movable with respect to adjacent separation elements; and a programmable system control programmed to operate a valve system in each of: (i) a first mode in which the valve system causes fluid to pass through the first fluid inlet and then through the fluid separation section and fluid radiation section and then through the fluid outlet, (ii) a second mode in which the valve system causes fluid to pass through the second fluid inlet so as to substantially bypass the fluid separation section and pass through the fluid radiation section and then through the fluid outlet, (iii) a third mode in which the valve system causes fluid to substantially bypass the fluid treatment system, and (iv) a fourth mode in which the valve system causes fluid to backwash through the fluid separation section, wherein the backwash element comprises a backwash valve element configured to be operated between an open position in which at least one separation element is backwashed and a closed position to define a backwash cycle.

18. The fluid treatment system defined in claim 17, wherein the valve system comprises a first valve element, and second valve element, and a third valve element, wherein in the third mode, the first valve element is in closed position, the second valve element is in a closed position, and the third valve element is in an open position.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like parts, and in which:

(2) FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic of installation and use of a preferred embodiment of the present fluid treatment system in a shipping vessel operating in the ballasting mode;

(3) FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic of installation and use of a preferred embodiment of the present fluid treatment system in a shipping vessel operating in the deballasting mode;

(4) FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic of installation and use of a preferred embodiment of the present fluid treatment system in a shipping vessel operating in the ballasting mode during full bypass of the fluid treatment system;

(5) FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic of installation and use of a preferred embodiment of the present fluid treatment system in a shipping vessel operating in the deballasting mode during full bypass of the fluid treatment system;

(6) FIG. 5 illustrates a section of a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the present fluid treatment system;

(7) FIG. 6 illustrates a sectional view of a side elevation of the embodiment of the fluid treatment system illustrated in FIG. 5;

(8) FIG. 7 illustrates a view similar to that shown in FIG. 5 with the exception that the fluid separation section has been removed;

(9) FIG. 8 illustrates a perspective view of the fluid separation section removed from the fluid treatment system illustrated in FIG. 7;

(10) FIG. 9 illustrates a sectional view from the top of the fluid treatment system illustrated in FIG. 1;

(11) FIG. 10 illustrates a sectional view through a top section of the fluid treatment system illustrated in FIG. 1; and

(12) FIGS. 11-14 illustrate perspective views at various sections of the fluid treatment system illustrated in FIG. 1 operating in various modes which will be discussed herein below.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(13) In one of its aspects, the present invention relates to a fluid treatment system fluid treatment system comprising: a first fluid inlet; a second fluid inlet; a fluid outlet; a fluid treatment zone comprising a housing within which is disposed a fluid separation section and a fluid radiation section in fluid communication with one another and in fluid communication with the first fluid inlet, the second fluid inlet and the fluid outlet; and a valve system configured to operate in: (i) a first mode in which fluid passes through the fluid separation section and fluid radiation section, and (ii) a second mode in which fluid substantially bypasses the fluid separation section and passes through the fluid radiation section. Preferred embodiments of this embodiment of the present invention may include any one or a combination of any two or more any of the following features: the valve system may comprise a first valve element and a second valve element; in the first mode, the first valve element may be in an open position and the second valve element may be in a closed position; in the second mode, the first valve element may be in a closed position and the second valve element may be in an open position; the fluid separation section may be in fluid communication with the fluid inlet; the fluid radiation section may be in fluid communication with the fluid outlet; the fluid separation section may be in fluid communication with the fluid inlet, and the fluid radiation section is in fluid communication with the fluid outlet; the fluid treatment zone may be configured to receive a pressurized flow of fluid; the fluid treatment zone may be configured to constrain on all sides a flow of fluid received from the fluid inlet; the fluid separation section may comprise a filter element (e.g., bag filtration, cartridge filtration with a wide variety of filtering materials, ceramic filtration, screen filtration, woven wire filtration, cloth filtration, wedgwire filtration, plastic filtration granular filtration (sacrificial and non-sacrificial) and any combination of two or more of these); the fluid separation section may comprise a cyclone element; the fluid separation section may comprise a membrane element; the fluid separation section may comprise at least one candle filter; the at least one candle filter may comprise an elongate filter housing having an filter inlet in fluid communication with the fluid inlet and a filter outlet in fluid communication with fluid radiation section; the filter housing may comprise a substantially cylindrical portion; the elongate filter housing may be fluid permeable between the filter inlet and the filter outlet to allow for fluid to pass laterally from an interior to an exterior of the filter housing or from an exterior to an interior of the filter housing; the filter housing may comprise a filter element on an inner surface of the filter housing; the filter housing may comprise a filter element on substantially an entire inner surface of the filter housing; the filter element may comprise a ceramic material; the filter element may comprise a porous ceramic material; the filter element may comprise a metal tube; the filter element may comprise a sintered metal tube; the filter element may comprise an expanded sheet material; the filter element comprises an expanded metal sheet material; the filter element may comprise a mesh screen; the filter element may comprise a woven mesh screen; the filter element may comprise a filter cloth material; the filter element may comprise a non-undulating surface; the filter element may comprise an undulating surface; the fluid separation section may comprise a plurality of separation elements arranged in a separation element array; each separation element may be configured to receive a flow of fluid; each separation element may be configured to receive an independent flow of fluid with respect to an adjacent separation element; each separation element may be elongate; each separation element may comprise a longitudinal axis that is substantially parallel with respect to a longitudinal axis of at least two adjacent separation elements; each separation element may comprise a longitudinal axis that is substantially equidistant from longitudinal axis of three adjacent separation elements; each separation element may comprise a longitudinal axis that is substantially equidistant from longitudinal axis of four adjacent separation elements; each separation element may comprise a longitudinal axis that is substantially equidistant from longitudinal axis of five adjacent separation elements; the fluid separation section may comprise a backwash element; the backwash element may comprise a backwash valve element configured to be operated between an open position in which at least one separation element is backwashed and a closed position to defined a backwash cycle; the backwash element may be configured to backwash single separation element per backwash cycle the backwash element may be configured to backwash a pair of separation elements per backwash cycle; the backwash element may comprise an arm portion configured to be movable with respect to adjacent separation elements; the backwash element may comprise an arm portion configured to be rotatably movable with respect to adjacent separation elements; the arm portion may be connected to a vent element; the valve system may be further configured to operate in a third mode in which fluid substantially bypasses the fluid treatment system; the valve system may comprise a third valve; in the third mode, the first valve element is in closed position, the second valve element is in a closed position and the third valve element is in an open position; the fluid radiation section may comprise at least one elongate radiation source assembly; the at least one elongate radiation source assembly may comprise at least one elongate radiation source; the at least one elongate radiation source may comprise an ultraviolet radiation source; the ultraviolet radiation source may comprise a low pressure ultraviolet radiation lamp; the ultraviolet radiation source may comprise a low pressure high output ultraviolet radiation lamp; the ultraviolet radiation source may comprise a medium pressure ultraviolet radiation lamp; the ultraviolet radiation source may comprise a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) ultraviolet radiation lamp; the ultraviolet radiation source may comprise an ultraviolet radiation light emitting diode (LED) or an array of ultraviolet radiation LEDs; the at least one elongate radiation source may be disposed in a protective sleeve; the protective sleeve may be constructed of a radiation transparent material; the protective sleeve may be constructed of quartz; the elongate radiation source assembly may comprise a longitudinal axis that is configured to be transverse to the direction of fluid flow through the fluid radiation section; the elongate radiation source assembly may comprise a longitudinal axis that is configured to be orthogonal to the direction of fluid flow through the fluid radiation section; the fluid treatment system may comprise a plurality of radiation source assemblies; the plurality of radiation source assemblies may be arranged in a radiation source array; the array may comprise a central portion in which is disposed the fluid separation section; the fluid separation section and the fluid radiation section may be disposed serially along a direction of fluid flow through the fluid treatment zone; the fluid separation section and the fluid radiation section may be disposed coaxially along a direction of fluid flow through the fluid treatment zone; and/or the fluid separation section and the fluid radiation section may be disposed coaxially along a direction of fluid flow through the fluid separation section.

(14) Another aspect of the present invention relates to a shipping vessel comprising the present fluid treatment system, preferably having one or more of the above preferred features.

(15) Other aspects of the present invention relate to a method for installing the present fluid treatment system in a shipping vessel in a shipping vessel having at least one ballast tank configured to receive ballast water, a ballast pump for pumping water to the at least one ballast tank and a first plumbing line to convey ballast water from the ballast pump to the at least one ballast tank.

(16) In a first embodiment, the method comprises the steps of:

(17) cutting the first plumbing line;

(18) splitting an upstream cut portion of the first plumbing line into a main plumbing line and a bypass plumbing line;

(19) connecting the main plumbing line to the first fluid inlet;

(20) connecting the bypass plumbing line to the second fluid inlet;

(21) connecting a downstream cut portion of the first plumbing line to the fluid outlet;

(22) installing the first valve element in the main plumbing line upstream of the fluid treatment system; and

(23) installing the second valve element in the bypass line upstream of the fluid treatment system.

(24) In a second embodiment where the fluid separation section of the fluid treatment system comprises a backwash element, the method comprises the steps of:

(25) cutting the first plumbing line;

(26) splitting an upstream cut portion of the first plumbing line into a main plumbing line and a bypass plumbing line;

(27) connecting the main plumbing line to the first fluid inlet;

(28) connecting the bypass plumbing line to the second fluid inlet;

(29) connecting a downstream cut portion of the first plumbing line to the fluid outlet;

(30) connecting discharge portion of the backwash element to a overboard discharge plumbing line;

(31) installing the first valve element in the main plumbing line upstream of the fluid treatment system;

(32) installing the second valve element in the bypass line upstream of the fluid treatment system; and

(33) installing the backwash valve element in the overboard discharge plumbing line.

(34) In a third embodiment where it is desired to be able to bypass the fluid treatment system entirely, the method comprises the steps of:

(35) cutting the first plumbing line;

(36) splitting an upstream cut portion of the first plumbing line into a main plumbing line, a first bypass plumbing line and a second bypass plumbing line;

(37) connecting the main plumbing line to the first fluid inlet;

(38) connecting the first bypass plumbing line to the second fluid inlet;

(39) connecting a downstream cut portion of the first plumbing line to the fluid outlet;

(40) connecting the second bypass plumbing line to the downstream cut portion of the first plumbing line

(41) installing the first valve element in the main plumbing line upstream of the fluid treatment system;

(42) installing the second valve element in the first bypass line upstream of the fluid treatment system; and

(43) installing the third valve element in the second bypass line.

(44) With respect to each of the above-mentioned methods, the order of conducting the various steps is not particularly restrictedi.e., order is not necessarily in the sequence shown for each method.

(45) The above described method for installing the present fluid treatment system involves mechanically installation. Such mechanical installation is part of an overall installation scheme that may be conveniently summarized as follows: 1. Determine optimum location aboard the shipping vessel for fluid treatment system and supporting equipment and develop an installation plan. 2. Locate fluid treatment system and supporting equipment to the predetermined locations as per the installation plan. 3. Proceed with the mechanical installation as per the installation plan (the method described above). 4. Proceed with the electrical installation as per the installation plan. 5. Interface fluid treatment system controls with existing ships control system. 6. Debug fluid treatment system installation, if necessary. 7. Commence with fluid treatment system start up.

(46) Step 1Find the most suitable location to install the fluid treatment system taking into account space available, ease of installation (can system fit through existing hatches between top side deck and proposed installation location), proximity to existing ballast water plumbing and proximity to required power infrastructure.

(47) Step 2Move fluid treatment equipment into position while relocating any existing mechanical and electrical infrastructure required for installation.

(48) Step 3Proceed with mechanical installation (see FIGS. 1-4). Mount fluid treatment system to ship structure. Cut into existing ballast water plumbing installing the valve bypass arrangement allowing for complete fluid treatment system bypass in the event of ship emergency. This bypass preferably provides for manual control in the event of an automatic control failure. The valve bypass plumbing is preferably extended to the inlet and outlet of the fluid treatment system completing the circuit from the ballast water pumps through the fluid treatment system to the ballast water tanks forming the flow path for the ballast cycle. The plumbing is preferably extended from the ballast water tanks through the ballast water pumps and back to the bypass connection of the fluid treatment system providing a flow path that will bypass the filtration portion of the fluid treatment system during the deballast cycle. This plumbing is then extended from the outlet of the fluid treatment system to overboard of the ship completing the deballast cycle. Install the appropriate actuated valves and flow monitoring equipment needed to complete an installation that can be controlled remotely from the ballast water control system as part of the ships controls.

(49) Step 4Proceed with the electrical installation securing all panels as necessary. Locate the control panel in an appropriate position within the ships control room or other suitable location. Appropriate electrical connections are made to ships control system and to the fluid treatment system to complete installation. The switch gear panel is located in a suitable location taking into consideration the location of the main power supply that will be feeding this electrical panel. Appropriate electrical connections are made to the ships main power supply and to the fluid treatment system control panel and driver panel to complete installation. The driver panel is located within close proximity of the ballast water treatment system (10 meters of cable length available). The supplied cables from the driver panel are connected to the UV lamps located in the fluid treatment system. The solenoid panel is located within reasonable proximity to the fluid treatment system. Existing wiring and tubing from this panel is connected to the fluid treatment system and the necessary control and power wires to the appropriate electrical panels.

(50) Step 5Fluid treatment system controls are interfaced to existing ships control system. Appropriate programming is provided to coordinate the fluid treatment system controls to the ships controls making full operation of the fluid treatment system available from the current ballast water control panel aboard the ship.

(51) Step 6Debug ballast water treatment installation. Electrical connections are checked to make sure they are correct and are fastened securely. The system is powered up to simulate a treatment operation. Checks for proper operation are made taking care to observe actuated valve positions as control system is cycled through the various steps. Once the electrical system has been verified to be working properly and all plumbing connections have been checked to make sure they are correct and tightened properly, the fluid treatment system is ready to be pressurized. The ballast water pumps are energized at the lowest setting possible and the necessary valves are opened to allow the fluid treatment system to be filled with water. Once the fluid treatment system is filled with water, the outlet valves are closed and pressure is allowed to begin to build within the fluid treatment system. As the pressure builds, checks are made for any leaks and correction, as necessary, is made. The system is fully pressurized to the maximum pressure rating of the system or the maximum pressure available within the systems maximum pressure rating. Once this pressure has been reached, the pressure is held for the necessary period of time as to determine that there are no leaks throughout the system and its associated plumbing.

(52) Step 7Commence with ballast water treatment system startup. Once ballast water system function has been verified and tested the system is ready to be brought online. Once system has been put on line with the ships ballast water system, operation of the fluid treatment system is observed for an appropriate amount of time to ensure proper trouble free operation.

(53) With reference to FIGS. 1-4, there is illustrated a schematic for operation of a fluid treatment system 100 in a variety of modes on a shipping vessel.

(54) As shown, fluid treatment system 100 comprises a filter section (this corresponds to the fluid separation section) and a UV section (this corresponds to the fluid radiation section). A main plumbing line 10 connects a supply of sea water from a sea chest 12 to fluid treatment system 100. Main plumbing line 10 includes suction valves 14,16, a ballast pump 18, a discharge valve 20 and a main valve 22. Main plumbing line 10 is connected to a ballast tank 24 via four tank valves 26. A suction line 28 is connected to main plumbing line 10 and contains a suction valve 30. A discharge line 32 is connected to main plumbing line 10 and includes a discharge valve 34. A filter bypass line 36 is connected to main plumbing line 10 and includes filter bypass valve 38.

(55) A fluid treatment system bypass line 40 is connected to filter bypass line 36 and main plumbing line 10 and includes a fluid treatment system bypass valve 42. Bypass valves 44,46 are disposed in main plumbing line 10 on either side of fluid treatment system 100.

(56) A filter backwash line 48 emanates from the filter section of fluid treatment system 100 and includes a filter backwash valve 50.

(57) With continued reference to FIG. 1, when it is desired to fill ballast tank 24 with sea water that has been treated by fluid treatment system 100, the valves are oriented as shown in FIG. 1 and as follows:

(58) TABLE-US-00001 Valve Position 14 open 16 open 20 open 22 open 26 open 30 closed 34 closed 38 closed 42 closed 44 open 46 open 50 open
This results in water travelling from sea chest 12 through fluid treatment system 100 (wherein it is filtered and subjected to radiation) and into ballast tanks 24 in the direction of arrows X. Also during this mode, the filter backwash operation is conducted.

(59) When it is desired to deballast the sea water from ballast tanks 24, the valves are adjusted as shown in FIG. 2 and as follows:

(60) TABLE-US-00002 Valve Position 14 closed 16 open 20 open 22 closed 26 open 30 open 34 open 38 open 42 closed 44 open 46 open 50 closed
This results in water flowing from ballast tanks 24 through suction line 28, a portion of main plumbing line 10, filter bypass line 36, the UV section (only) of fluid treatment 100 and discharge line 32 in the direction of arrows X. Notably, sea water does not pass through the filter section (fluid separation section) of fluid treatment system 100.

(61) When it is desired to continue to ballast sea (or other) water from ballast tanks 24 while bypassing fluid treatment system 100, the valves are oriented as shown in FIG. 3 (ballasting) and as follows:

(62) TABLE-US-00003 Valve Position 14 open 16 open 20 open 22 open 26 open 30 closed 34 closed 38 closed 42 open 44 closed 46 closed 50 closed
This result is in flow of water in the direction of arrows X.

(63) When it is desired to continue to deballast sea (or other) water from ballast tanks 24 while bypassing fluid treatment system 100, the valves are oriented as shown in FIG. 4 and as follows:

(64) TABLE-US-00004 Valve Position 14 closed 16 open 20 open 22 closed 26 open 30 open 34 open 38 closed 42 open 44 closed 46 closed 50 closed
This result is in flow of water in the direction of arrows X.

(65) With reference to FIGS. 5-14, there is illustrated a fluid treatment system 100. Fluid treatment system 100 comprises a ballasting inlet 102, a deballasting inlet 104 and a fluid outlet 106. Fluid treatment system 100 comprises a housing 108 which contains a filter section 110 and a trio of radiation section 112.

(66) Fluid separation section 110 comprises an annular arrangement of filter elements 114. Disposed in the central region of fluid separation section 110 is a fluid backwash element 116 which consists of a motor 118 having connected thereto a pair of flushing arms 120,122 which are oriented approximately 90 apart. Flushing arms 120,122 are connected to a conduit 124 that is in turn connected to a backwash line 126.

(67) Fluid separation section 110 is configured so that the fluid to be treated must pass within the end openings of filter elements 114 in the direction of arrows A. Filtered water emanates from individual filter elements 114 in the direction of arrows B.

(68) Motor 118 of backwash element 116 is configured to rotate arms 120,122 to cover one end opening of an individual filter element 114 (i.e., the combined effect of having arms 120,122 is that an end opening for two filter elements 114 is covered).

(69) Radiation sections 112 each contain a series of elongate ultraviolet radiation sources 130 which serve to disinfect water which is received from fluid separation section 110.

(70) As can be seen particularly in FIG. 7, an isolation wall 132 separates fluid separation section 110 from radiation sections 112. An opening 134 is disposed in isolation wall 132 to permit fluid that has been filtered in fluid separation section 110 to pass to radiation sections 112.

(71) With particular reference to FIG. 9, it can been seen that each radiation section 112 comprises a wiper 140 and a wiper drive 142 which moves wiper 140 to clean the exterior of radiation sources 130 to remove fouling materials. Further, a baffle plate 145 is disposed between each pair of adjacent radiation sections 112.

(72) With particular reference to FIGS. 11-13, there is shown the flow path of fluid as it progresses through fluid treatment system 100 during the ballasting mode thereof. Thus, in FIG. 11, fluid enters fluid ballast inlet 102 in the direction of arrow C and continues in the direction of arrows D to enter the individual filter elements 114 from the top (FIG. 11) and the bottom (FIG. 13).

(73) With particular reference to FIG. 12, fluid that has been filtered through filter elements 114 exits fluid separation section 110 via opening 134 and enters fluid radiation section 112 where it travels in the direction of arrows E so that it passes through each of the three radiation sections 112 and exits via fluid outlet 106 in the direction of arrow F.

(74) With reference to FIG. 14, the fluid path flow through fluid treatment system 100 is shown in the deballasting mode of the system. Here it can be seen that fluid enters the ballasting fluid inlet 104 and passes through radiation sections 112 without being passed through fluid separation section 110. The flow of fluid is depicted by arrows F.

(75) While this invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments and examples, the description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Thus, various modifications of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the invention, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to this description. It is therefore contemplated that the appended claims will cover any such modifications or embodiments.

(76) All publications, patents and patent applications referred to herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference in its entirety.