Method and device for ascertaining an inner resistance of a supply network for supplying energy to an occupant protection system of a vehicle

Abstract

A method for ascertaining an inner resistance of a supply network for supplying energy to an occupant protection system of a vehicle. The occupant protection system includes a charging unit connected to the supply network using a primary interface and to an energy buffer store using a secondary interface for the temporary storage of energy for activating occupant protection devices system and for supplying the system after being separated from the supply network. The method includes impressing a first charge current value at the secondary interface, and a first current/voltage at the primary interface during the impression. Further, a second, different, charge current value is impressed at the secondary interface. The method also includes determining a second current/voltage at the primary interface during the impression, and ascertaining the inner resistance of the supply network, using the detected first current and second current and/or the first voltage and the second voltage.

Claims

1. A method for ascertaining an inner resistance of a supply network for supplying energy to an occupant protection system of a vehicle, the method comprising: impressing a first charge current value at a secondary interface of an occupant protection system, the occupant protection system having a control unit including a charging unit which is connected to the supply network with a primary interface and to an energy buffer store with the secondary interface for temporary storage of energy for activating an occupant protection device of the occupant protection system and for supplying the occupant protection system after being separated from the supply network; detecting at least one of a first current and a first voltage, at the primary interface during the impressing of the first charge current value; impressing a second charge current value, which differs from the first charge current value, at the secondary interface; determining at least one of a second current and a second voltage at the primary interface during the impressing of the second charge current value; and ascertaining at the primary interface the inner resistance of the supply network, using at least one of: i) the first current and the second current, and ii) the first voltage and the second voltage; wherein the inner resistance, which is along a measurement path, includes a sum of all resistances between a positive terminal and a ground terminal of the charging unit.

2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein in the ascertaining step, the inner resistance is determined using an at least one of: i) an efficiency () of the charging unit, ii) the first charge current value, and iii) the second charge current value.

3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of: i) the at least one of the first current and the first voltage, and ii) the at least one of the second current and the second voltage, is low-pass filtered in the one of the detecting step and the determining step.

4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the second charge current value is higher than the first charge current value, the second charge current value being selected, compared to the first charge current value, so that an inner resistance, which is smaller than a predetermined inner resistance of the supply network is determinable from at least one of: i) the at least one of the first current and the first voltage, and ii) the at least one of the second current and the second voltage at the primary interface in the ascertaining step, as a function of an efficiency () of the charging unit.

5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the second charge current value is impressed within a predetermined period of time after the impression of the first charge current value in the step of impressing the second charge current value.

6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of: i) the inner resistance is determined in the ascertaining step, using a lookup table, ii) the at least one of the first current and the first voltage is detected in the detecting step using a lookup table, and ii) the at least one of the second current and the second voltage are determined in the determining step using a lookup table.

7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the steps of impressing first charge current value, detecting, impressing the second charge current value, and determining are carried out chronologically multiple times consecutively, the inner resistance being determined in the ascertaining step as a function of at least one of the first currents detected in the steps of impressing and the first voltages detected in the steps of impressing, and using the at least one of the second currents and the second voltages detected in the determining steps.

8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the inner resistance determined along the measurement path includes at least the following resistances: of all resistors on a circuit board from a connector of the control unit for positive supply to the control unit circuit supply; of all contact resistors of a plug connection of a battery to the circuit board; of all resistors of a cable battery connection from the battery positive terminal to the control unit; of all resistors of fuses in a feed line; of all contact resistors in the batter connection from the battery positive terminal to the battery.

9. The method as recited in claim 8, wherein the inner resistance determined along the measurement path includes at least the following further resistances: an inner resistance of the vehicle battery if the motor is off or an inner resistance of a generator if the motor is on; a transfer resistance of a battery/generator ground connection to a vehicle chassis; a vehicle chassis inner resistance; a transfer resistance of the vehicle chassis to a base plate of the control unit; of all contact resistors of the base plate of the control unit base plate the ground connection of the circuit board; of all resistors from the ground connection of the circuit board to a ground supply of the supply circuit.

10. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the inner resistance determined along the measurement path includes at least the following resistances: an inner resistance of the vehicle battery if the motor is off or an inner resistance of a generator if the motor is on; a transfer resistance of a battery/generator ground connection to a vehicle chassis; a vehicle chassis inner resistance; a transfer resistance of the vehicle chassis to a base plate of the control unit; of all contact resistors of the base plate of the control unit base plate the ground connection of the circuit board; of all resistors from the ground connection of the circuit board to a ground supply of the supply circuit.

11. A method for outputting an error message for providing information about a malfunction of a supply network for supplying energy to an occupant protection system of a vehicle, the method comprising: impressing a first charge current value at a secondary interface of an occupant protection system, the occupant protection system having a control unit including a charging unit which is connected to the supply network with a primary interface and to an energy buffer store with the secondary interface for temporary storage of energy for activating an occupant protection device of the occupant protection system and for supplying the occupant protection system after being separated from the supply network; detecting at least one of a first current and a first voltage, at the primary interface during the impressing of the first charge current value; impressing a second charge current value, which differs from the first charge current value, at the secondary interface; determining at least one of a second current and a second voltage at the primary interface during the impressing of the second charge current value; ascertaining at the primary interface the inner resistance of the supply network, using at least one of: i) the first current and the second current, and ii) the first voltage and the second voltage; and providing the error message when the inner resistance is in a predetermined relationship to a resistance threshold; wherein the inner resistance, which is along a measurement path, includes a sum of all resistances between a positive terminal and a ground terminal of the charging unit.

12. A device for ascertaining an inner resistance of a supply network for supplying energy to an occupant protection system of a vehicle, comprising: a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing a program, which is executable by a processor, including a program arrangement having program code for ascertaining an inner resistance of a supply network for supplying energy to an occupant protection system of a vehicle, by performing the following: impressing a first charge current value at a secondary interface of an occupant protection system, the occupant protection system having a control unit including a charging unit which is connected to the supply network with a primary interface and to an energy buffer store with the secondary interface for temporary storage of energy for activating an occupant protection device of the occupant protection system and for supplying the occupant protection system after being separated from the supply network; detecting at least one of a first current and a first voltage, at the primary interface during the impressing of the first charge current value; impressing a second charge current value, which differs from the first charge current value, at the secondary interface; determining at least one of a second current and a second voltage at the primary interface during the impressing of the second charge current value; and ascertaining at the primary interface the inner resistance of the supply network, using at least one of: i) the first current and the second current, and ii) the first voltage and the second voltage; wherein the inner resistance, which is along a measurement path, includes a sum of all resistances between a positive terminal and a ground terminal of the charging unit.

13. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing a program, which is executable by a processor, comprising: a program arrangement having program code for ascertaining an inner resistance of a supply network for supplying energy to an occupant protection system of a vehicle, by performing the following: impressing a first charge current value at a secondary interface of an occupant protection system, the occupant protection system having a control unit including a charging unit which is connected to the supply network with a primary interface and to an energy buffer store with the secondary interface for temporary storage of energy for activating an occupant protection device of the occupant protection system and for supplying the occupant protection system after being separated from the supply network; detecting at least one of a first current and a first voltage, at the primary interface during the impressing of the first charge current value; impressing a second charge current value, which differs from the first charge current value, at the secondary interface; determining at least one of a second current and a second voltage at the primary interface during the impressing of the second charge current value; and ascertaining at the primary interface the inner resistance of the supply network, using at least one of: i) the first current and the second current, and ii) the first voltage and the second; wherein the inner resistance, which is along a measurement path, includes a sum of all resistances between a positive terminal and a ground terminal of the charging unit.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a device for use in one exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

(2) FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of a device for use in one exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

(3) FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a chronological sequence of voltages or currents as a signal sequence of the signals needed for measuring the inner resistance of the vehicle electrical system.

(4) FIG. 4 shows a circuit diagram of a power supply circuit for use in another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

(5) FIG. 5 shows a circuit diagram of a suitable charge current source for the energy buffer store or a power supply circuit for use in one exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

(6) FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of one exemplary embodiment of the present invention as a method.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

(7) In the following description of favorable exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the elements which are illustrated in the various figures and have similar functions are identified by identical or similar reference numerals, a repeated description of these elements is dispensed with.

(8) One aspect of the present invention lies in an option to provide a means for forcing a targeted service or maintenance visit in a repair shop by detecting, for example, an excessively high supply inner resistance of a vehicle electrical system (sub-network) (as a supply network of a vehicle; the safety-relevant supply network of an occupant protection system in this case) and to eliminate a safety-relevant influence, in particular in systems without a redundant supply connection (as is the case, for example, in an all-plastic housing, carbon chassis or the like). The ground connection exposed to corrosion is generally an important source of errors.

(9) The robustness of the system against system errors may be increased by detecting critical (i.e., excessively high) inner resistances, for example of the vehicle airbag supply. In particular, the negative impact of excessively high ground resistances of the airbag supply on short circuits in triggering circuits are avoided (fault currents over squibs). The robustness of large airbag systems, in particular integrated safety units, having a high current consumption, may be brought to the level of today's small airbag systems with respect to shunts in triggering circuits without requiring redundant supply paths.

(10) Airbag systems may dispense with, for example, a redundant supply connection, in particular, of the ground. This has advantages for the housing design (e.g., all-plastic or by using the ground connection via the plug connection in chassis made of carbon, etc.). It is also recognized in good time whether backup structures for restraint device activation (firing) from the vehicle battery (and not the energy buffer store) would be effective.

(11) FIG. 1 shows an example of a circuit diagram of a supply network 100 of a vehicle 105, which is connected to a charging unit 110 of an energy buffer store 120 of an occupant protection unit 130, e.g., an electronic control unit, as part of an occupant protection system. Charging unit 110 (which is provided here as part of an airbag (control unit) supply ASIC) is connected to supply network 100 via a primary interface 135 having terminals A and B. Charging unit 110 is also connected to energy buffer store 120 with the aid of secondary interface 140, which is situated together with charging unit 110 on a shared circuit board PCB. This circuit board PCB may be situated on a base plate 145. Supply network 100 includes a generator G, a generator inner resistor RG and a generator controller GR, which charge a battery BAT (for example, a rechargeable vehicle battery) to a certain voltage.

(12) In FIG. 1, an overview shows which inner resistance of the vehicle electrical system is to be determined with the aid of the approach presented herein. The sum of all resistances between positive terminal A and ground terminal B of the control unit or charging unit 110 is determined. In other words, the inner resistance of supply network 100 is determined at primary interface 135. This inner resistance includes the sum of all resistances between points A and B. In particular, the inner resistance to be determined (along measurement path 150) thus includes the following resistances:

(13) R1: of all resistors on PCB from the connector of the control unit for positive supply to airbag (control units) circuit supply (e.g., track resistor; etc.)

(14) R2: of all contact resistors of plug connection UBAT to the circuit board (e.g., plug contact; press-fit contact)

(15) R3: of all Cu resistors of the cable UBAT connection from the battery positive terminal to the airbag control units UBAT+connector pin

(16) R4: of all resistors of the fuses in the feed line

(17) R5: of all contact resistors in the UBAT-+ connection to the battery (ignition lock; main fuse, etc.)

(18) R6/RG: (R6 is active) Inner resistance of the vehicle battery (if motor off, generator stopped or RG inner resistance of the generator if motor is on, generator running)

(19) R7: Transfer resistance, battery/generator ground connection to chassis

(20) R8: Chassis inner resistance

(21) R9: Transfer resistance, vehicle chassis to control unit base plate

(22) R10: of all contact resistors, control unit base plate to PCB ground connection

(23) R11: of all resistors from PCB ground connection to ground supply of the supply circuit (e.g., track, resistor, etc.)

(24) All changes to resistances are detected thereby. In reality, the contact resistors, in particular, are a source of error, in particular the ones exposed to increased corrosion (such as ground connections to the vehicle chassis).

(25) FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of a power supply circuit 200, which includes a charging unit 110 for use in one exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Charging unit 110 is connected to energy buffer store 120, which is also identified by the abbreviation ER, via secondary interface 140. Primary interface 135 is shown on the left in FIG. 1. The pure voltage measurement (UB) takes place via low-pass filter Mux+ADC. If a primary current measurement is needed in addition to pure voltage measurement UB in complex situations between the primary and secondary current, which are unable to be stored in tables, a shunt is inserted into the primary supply line, and another voltage measuring channel is run to a second MUX channel of the ADC via a second, identical low pass. Power supply circuit 200 includes multiple units, such as a controllable step-down converter (Dn converter) for generating system voltage VA S, needed for supplying the sensor interface according to the PSI standard, a controllable step-up converter for providing a high voltage level (VUP=20V . . . 50V) for optimum energy storage, an energy buffer store, at least one acceleration sensor A_Sensor, a microcontroller C and an SPI interface SPI. The power supply circuits have an efficiency of generally x, e.g., (_up for the step-up converter, _dn for the VAS step-down converter, etc.)

(26) Charging unit 110 is furthermore connected to serial peripheral interface (SPI) 245 via an ASIC-internal bus 210 at the other ASIC function blocks, such as the central multiplexer+ADC.

(27) Moreover, analog measured variables (signals) are present at multiplexer+ADC (240), in particular the energy buffer store voltage and optionally the charge current of the charging unit.

(28) The electrical energy supplied from supply network 100 may supply the up coverer and its external components, e.g. L1 and D2, charging unit 110 and, in parallel, the VAS step-down converter, via polarity reversal protection diode D1. A redundant supply path may likewise branch from terminal UB in the control unit of the supply network for activating the occupant protection devices.

(29) Terminal UB of the control unit to power supply 200 detects supply voltage UB via connected multiplexer+ADC 240, using a low-pass filter 220, formed, for example by a resistive voltage divider having a capacitance between a connecting point A and a ground potential B (integrated or partially integrated into the airbag control unit system ASIC). As a result, the UB voltage measured value is transferable to the microcontroller upon the SPI command of the microcontroller via ASIC-internal bus 210 and the SPI interface.

(30) A differential voltage measurement may also be optionally carried out via a low-impedance shunt, which is connected in series upstream or downstream from diode D1 in the UB/VZP line, using additional input measuring channels of the multiplexer, and the supply current may thus be determined directly from the differential voltage measurement. The power or energy consumption may be determined directly from the measurement of supply voltage UB and the optionally measured input current by integration over time in the microcontroller.

(31) If the optional current measurement is not carried out, the change in the primary current consumption may be determined from the change in the current output of charging unit 110 with the aid of the efficiency of step-up converter _up, if the control unit configuration ensures that the current demand over the VAS step-down converter remains constant. The change in power consumption from the supply network may be ultimately determined thereby.

(32) For this purpose, charging unit 110 is programmable or controllable in such a way, for example, that different charge current values (IER) may be impressed at secondary interface 140 at different points in time. This means that charging unit 110 is controlled in such a way that currents of different sizes flow into energy buffer store 120 via secondary interface 140, and the charging speed increases or decreases thereby. For example, the programming or control of this current charging behavior at secondary interface 140 may take place via multiple programming connections 250, which are connected in parallel to I/Os of the microcontroller or to the charging unit with the aid of microcontroller SPI commands, which are transmitted to the charging unit or any other type of command transmission of the microcontroller. These different charge current values IER of the secondary interface have the effect that different currents IBAT and/or voltages UBAT also occur at different points in time at the primary interface in the UB feed line to D1 (observed via low-pass filtered analog measuring channels 135).

(33) To determine supply inner resistance R, an airbag control unit supply voltage measurement should be carried out at an input current I1{IBAT(t1)} and at an input current I2{IBAT(t2)}, close to each other in time, at points in time t1 and t2, at primary interface 135. The difference in input currents I1, I2 should be selected to be so great that relevant resistances (0.5 . . . 1.5) are resolvable. The resolution limit should be approximately <=100 m for airbag systems.

(34) To protect the measurement against interference voltages, load changes in the vehicle electrical system, etc., they are to be suitably filtered. In addition to low-pass filter 220, this also includes, for example, a multiple (>=3) rapid repetition of the measurement, including checking of the input voltage before and after the measurement.

(35) A filtering of the error over multiple start operations is also suitable for ruling out random errors or special phenomena after long vehicle standstill times.

(36) According to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the inner resistance of the supply network may be very favorably detected. Airbag control units form the conventional basis for the approach, which include an step-up converter for generating a regulated output voltage VUP (20 . . . 50)V, e.g. 33V, from polarity reversal-protected vehicle voltage VZP (5 . . . 20)V, and, on the one hand, provide a regulated output voltage VAS (6 . . . 8) V e.g. 6.7V, therefrom via a step-down converter for the further low-loss generation of the necessary system voltages (5V; 3.3V; 1.2V, etc.), and, on the other hand, include an ON/OFF-switchable energy buffer store charge current controller for charging the ER from VUP.

(37) The approach proposed herein adds to this base in the area of the hardware with a new, selectable energy buffer store charge current value, which meets the requirements for ascertaining supply inner resistance R according to the illustration in FIG. 1, without providing a completely new measuring device at the supply terminals.

(38) This means that the energy buffer store charge current controller (i.e., charging unit 110) is designed in such a way that at least two different charge current control values may be selected for the deactivation (charge current value zero). One value is used for normal charging of energy buffer store 120 or ER according to the system requirement, a second (for example higher) value is used for the primary increase in the airbag supply current in addition to the short-term, secondary (faster) energy buffer store charge, for the purpose of setting current value I2 for the inner resistance measurement.

(39) In another optimization, the control current value of charge current controller 110 may be programmed in a determined interval and thereby optimally matched to the different requirements.

(40) The following relationship applies between the input and the output of a step-up converter:
Pout=Pin.fwdarw.P_vup=_upP_vzpA)

(41) VUP=step-up converter output voltage,

(42) VZP=step-up converter input voltage,

(43) P_vup=step-up converter output power,

(44) P_vzp=step-up converter input power,

(45) _up is the efficiency of the converter.

(46) In a first approximation, the latter is constant. For real systems, however, it is dependent on the input voltage and the output current.

(47) For the application case of the airbag control units, it is sufficient to take into account the essential voltage dependency. The latter is apparent, in particular, in low input voltages VZP=5V . . . 8V; it becomes increasingly smaller for higher voltages VZP>8V.

(48) For the airbag application case, relationship A) may be further detailed and with the aid of a gradation of a maximum of 8 VZP ranges to a minimum of 3 VZP ranges may be very well to well approximated:

(49) Gradation into 8 VZP ranges:
P_vup=_up(5.5V . . . 6.0V)P_vzp; e.g., _up(5.5V)=0.7
P_vup=_up(6.0V . . . 6.5V)P_vzp; e.g., _up(6.0V)=0.75
P_vup=_up(6.5V . . . 7.0V)P_vzp; e.g., _up(6.5V)=0.8
P_vup=_up(7.0V . . . 8.0V)P_vzp; e.g., _up(7.0V)=0.825
P_vup=_up(8.0V . . . 9.0V)P_vzp; e.g., _up(8.0V)=0.85
P_vup=_up(9.0V . . . 10.0V)P_vzp; e.g., _up(9.0V)=0.875
P_vup=_up(10.0V . . . 12.0V)P_vzp; e.g., _up(10.0V)=0.9
P_vup=_up(>=12.0V)P_vzp; e.g., _up(6.5V)=0.9125A1)

(50) Gradation into 3 VZP ranges:
P_vup=_up(5.5V . . . 7.0V)P_vzp; e.g., _up(6.0V)=0.75
P_vup=_up(7.0V . . . 9.0V)P_vzp; e.g., _up(8.0V)=0.85
P_vup=_up(>=9.0V)P_vzp; e.g., _up(10V)=0.9A2)

(51) Note the following for defining the ER charge current value for determining supply inner resistance R:

(52) A supply voltage resolution of UBAT_ADC=(23.4 . . . 29.3) mV per digit may be achieved by using, for example, a 10-bit ADC (i.e. the ADC from FIG. 2) for the supply voltage measurement in the 0 . . . (24 . . . 30V) range at primary interface 135. This results in an inner resistance resolution of RBAT=UBAT_ADC/IBAT.

(53) If RBAT<=100 m is necessary, A3) IBAT=UBAT_ADC/RBAT(<=100 m)/is required. IBAT is the necessary current change from I1 to I2.fwdarw.IBAT=[(I2-I1)] for the purpose of resolving a supply inner resistance at a given voltage resolution of the UBAT measurement.

(54) The following applies for UBAT_ADC=25 mV and RBAT=100 m:
IBAT=25 mV/100 m=0.25 A

(55) The new charge current control value of energy buffer store ER may now be determined therefrom via secondary interface 140 for inner resistance measurement of inner resistance R.

(56) To use an increase in the supply current of the airbag control unit or power supply circuit 200 in a targeted manner for measuring purposes, the most meaningful and most cost-effective approach for the overall system is to do this by using an energy buffer store charge current circuit 110. An existing unit 110 is only improved thereby (costs), and the increased energy consumption is used for the purpose of charging the energy buffer store.

(57) Applied to the overall control unit, step-up converter relationship A) results in the following relationship:
p_ubat=p1+p2+p3+p4=p1+p2+(VUPlup_dn)/_up+(VUPIER)/_upB)

(58) where p1=power loss of polarity reversal protection diode D1

(59) p2=is the sum of all consumptions from UBAT or VZP which are primarily required by the control unit for auxiliary functions (e.g., divider transverse currents of measuring device 135, reference currents, communication currents through pull-up resistors for UBAT, VZP, etc.). This power is generally low; in particular, its fluctuation may be disregarded.

(60) p3=VZP*IBAT3=(VUPlup_dn)/_up represents the power which should be output in the present operating case to maintain the functionality of the airbag system to the VAS step-down converter. The airbag functionality is not to be expanded during the measurement, whereby p3 may be assumed to be constant.

(61) p4=VZP*IBAT4=(VUPIER)/_up represents the power which is to be additionally provided at the input of the airbag control unit, when charging the energy buffer store, for the purpose of achieving a certain charge current.

(62) If current IER is changed from 0 to IER_TEST, the current increases at VZP and thus at UBAT by B1) IBAT=VUPIER_TEST/(_upVZP).

(63) If the vehicle electrical system voltage, e.g. UBAT=16.5V, corresponds to step-up converter output voltage VUP=33V at the point in time of the inner resistance measurement, polarity reversal-protected voltage VZP (when using Schottky diodes) is Ud=0.5V lower than UBAT.
From B1) and A2).fwdarw.B2) IER_TEST=IBAT[_up(UBAT-Ud)]/VUP.fwdarw.e.g. IER_TEST=0.25 A0.916V/33V=0.11 A

(64) By selecting IER_TEST=120 mA, including additional tolerances, the input current of an airbag control unit may be increased by at least the required value for the purpose of achieving a particular inner resistance resolution of the vehicle electrical system supply of, e.g., <=100 m.

(65) If other requirements are given, a necessary charge current jump of the energy buffer store may be found according to the illustrated relationships.

(66) An example of a measuring process for determining the vehicle electrical system inner resistance is presented below, which may be understood as an example of a control program of charging unit 110:

(67) 1) Control unit or charging unit 110 is in the INIT phase (measuring loop RAM counter was reset upon starting the control unit ((=0 set)

(68) 2) Check measuring loop RAM counter (MS RAM counter) (forces up to 3 consecutive measuring cycles if measurement is not able to be evaluated)

(69) MS RAM counter=MS RAM counter+1<=3? If yes, run measurement; if no, cancel and

(70) FLASH or EEPROM read-only memory error counter

(71) Do not change VEHICLE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM INNER RESISTANCE R too high; resume program with check of error counter VEHICLE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM INNER RESISTANCE R too high in step 21).

(72) 3) Plausibility of VER; energy buffer store was checked but is not fully charged

(73) Is VER(t0)<=25V?; if yes, start measurement.fwdarw.4), if no, cancel.fwdarw.21)

(74) 4) Preparation: Set the LIN/K line communication

(75) Set all ignition circuit measurements

(76) All external sensors are deactivated.

(77) 5) Switch off charge current controller of the energy buffer store (lup_ER(t1)=0

(78) 6) Waiting time for stable conditions to set in

(79) 7) Measure step-up converter output voltage VUP(t2)

(80) 8) Waiting time for a stable input current to set in (initial value)

(81) 9) Measure airbag supply voltage UBAT(t3)

(82) 10) Switch on/program charge current controller of the energy buffer store IER(t4)=IER_TEST)

(83) 11) Waiting time for a higher stable input current to set in

(84) 12) Measure airbag supply voltage UBAT(t5)

(85) 13) Switch off charge current controller of the energy buffer store (lup_ER(t6)=0

(86) 14) Waiting time for a lower stable input current to set in (initial value)

(87) 15) Measure airbag supply voltage UBAT(t7)

(88) 16) Plausibility check for constancy of supply voltage during the measurement

(89) Is UBAT(t7)=UBAT(t3)+/(0 . . . 2LSB)? if yes.fwdarw.(Y); if no (N)

(90) (N) a voltage disturbance has occurred; measurement cannot be carried out

(91) .fwdarw.cancel, go to 2)

(92) (Y) no voltage disturbance has occurred; go to next program step 17)

(93) 17) Plausibility check for voltage difference of supply voltage

(94) Is UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)>2LSB? If yes.fwdarw.(YY); if no (NN)

(95) (NN) measurement is super good or unable to be evaluated.fwdarw.cancel and go to 2)

(96) (YY) measurement is able to be evaluated; go to next program step 18)

(97) 18) Check vehicle electrical system inner resistance R and adjust error counter

(98) Read inner resistance error limit from a data (read-only) memory (FLASH; EEPROM etc.) e.g. 1:

(99) Check whether error limit (resistance threshold) has not been exceeded:
R=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]/IBAT<=1?; if yes (YYY); if no (NNN)

(100) (NNN) vehicle electrical system inner resistance is too high; .fwdarw.go to 19)

(101) Procedure for inner resistance check: follows at B2)
R=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]/[(IER_TESTVUP)/{(UBAT(t5)Ud)_up}]
R=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]{(UBAT(t5)Ud)_up(i)}/(IER_TEST VUP)

(102) Take _up(i) from stored (data (read-only) memory

(103) Efficiency table having input variable UBAT(t5) (see A2)): e.g.
For 5.9 V<UBAT(t5)<=7.4V.fwdarw._up(I)=0.75
For 7.4 V<UBAT(t5)<=9.4V.fwdarw._up(II)=0.85
For 9.4V<UBAT(t5).fwdarw._up(III)=0.9

(104) Example: where VUP=33V; IER_TEST=120 mA; Ud=0.5V;
UBAT(t5)UBAT(t3)=0.4V; UBAT(t5)=9V follows:
R=0.4V(9V0.5V)0.85/0.12 A33V
R=2.89V.sup.2/3.96 AV=0.73 <=1!

(105) (YYY) The vehicle electrical system inner resistance for supplying the airbag is okay.fwdarw.go to next program step 20)

(106) 19) Increment FLASH/EEPROM error counter vehicle electrical system inner resistance too high by 1 step (since it is too high) and resume program in step 21

(107) 20) Decrement FLASH/EEPROM error counter vehicle electrical system inner resistance too high by 1 step (since it is not too high) (if>=1); otherwise do not and resume program in step 21

(108) 21) Check FLASH/EEPROM error counter

(109) Is error counter vehicle electrical system inner resistance>=1>=10?, if yes (YYYY); if no (NNNN)

(110) (NNNN) no status change of the warning lamp; no increased filtered vehicle electrical system inner resistance has occurred.fwdarw.go to 23)

(111) 22) (YYYY) An increased filtered vehicle electrical system resistance has occurred.

(112) Set airbag warning lamp to active (ON) and go to 23)

(113) 23) Measuring program for vehicle electrical system inner resistance too high END

(114) Resume rest of program

(115) Approach 1a) The error counter may be incremented or decremented by different amounts

(116) In the diagram from FIG. 3, the precise signal sequence of the signals needed for measuring the vehicle electrical system inner resistance is illustrated on the basis of the illustrated chronological sequence of voltages or currents. In the beginning, the system is in the charging phase of the energy buffer store, e.g. IER=60 mA, after the start of supply. At point in time t0, ER voltage VER is checked to ensure that charge current is still able to be received for measuring the inner resistance. At point in time t1, the charging of the energy buffer store is switched off, whereby VER no longer increases and the supply voltage increases at a finite inner resistance. The control unit now receives the lowest supply current. For control purposes, the output voltage of the step-up converter may be measured (generally invariable, since it is regulated) at point in time t2 or at another suitable point. Battery voltage UBAT is then measured at point in time t3 at a low input current IBAT(t3). At point in time t4, the ER charge current controller is set to a high value (programmed, etc.), e.g. IER(t4)=120 mA. As a result, the supply current of the control unit increases rapidly in a defined manner. In contrast, the battery voltage decreases at a finite inner resistance. UBAT is measured at point in time t5.

(117) The inner resistance may now be inferred from difference UBAT(t3) and UBAT(t5) (e.g., using a table stored in the microcontroller, which specifies a limiting value for UBAT(t3)-UBAT(t5) for each measured value UBAT(t5)) At the end of the measurement, ER charge current controller 110 is switched off again (IER=0 mA) to check for errors during the measuring period. If UBAT(t7)=UBAT(t3), no indication of an error is present. (Time t7t3 should be kept short).

(118) An example of the vehicle electrical system inner resistance measurement using the following values is illustrated in the diagram: VER(t0)<25 V is measured. According to the design used by way of example, a current I_up_dn=22.5 mA is needed for 100 mA airbag supply current from VAS=6.7 V and _dn=0.9 at the VUP input of the VAS step-down converter. The external sensors are not yet active. In addition, 60 mA is drawn from VUP for charging the ER. The total current load at VUP is therefore IVUP(t0)=60 mA+22.5 mA=82.5 mA. To raise this current at VUP, battery current is needed at UBAT(t0)=12V, IBAT(t0)=33V*82.5 mA/(0.9*(12V0.5V))=263 mA.

(119) IER(t1)=ER charge current is switched from 60 mA to 0 mA.

(120) VUP(t2)=33V and UBAT(t3)=12.2 V are measured.

(121) The current at VUP covers only the airbag supply current at VAS IVUP(t3)=I_up_dn=22.5 mA; for this purpose, IBAT(t3)=33V*22.5 mA/(0.9*(12.2V0.5V))=71 mA is needed on the battery side (measurement is not needed; only a fixed offset value).

(122) Furthermore, _up=0.9 according to the design and Ud=0.5V from the Schottky polarity reversal protection diode also apply. IER(t4)=ER_charge current is switched from 0 mA to 120 mA as a second charge current value. IER(t5)=120 mAtest current for vehicle electrical system inner resistance R. UBAT(T5)=11.8 V is then measured, for example at the primary interface with the aid of low pass circuit 135.

(123) $\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{IBAT}\left(\mathrm{t5}\right)=33V*142.5\mathrm{mA}/\left(0.9*11.8V\text{-}0.5V\right))\\ =463\mathrm{mA}\\ =\mathrm{IBAT}\left(\mathrm{t3}\right)+33V*120\mathrm{mA}/\left(0.9*11.8V\text{-}0.5V\right)\end{array}$

(124) With UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)=0.4V, determined by measurement, and IBAT(t3)IBAT(t5)=0.4 A, determined from the change in the ER charge current (120 mA) and a table or a current measurement with the aid of a shunt in the UBAT line, vehicle electrical system inner resistance R1 may be determined therefrom.

(125) IER(t6)=ER charge current is switched to 0 mA; ER is then not charged. To establish plausibility, it is then possible to check whether UBAT (t3)=UBAT (t7).

(126) FIG. 4 shows a circuit diagram of a power supply circuit 200 for use in another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. A step-down converter (dn converter) having output connection VAS for supplying the control unit (external sensors+internal presupply) is connected downstream from the step-up converter.

(127) A charging unit for energy buffer store ER is also connected downstream from the step-up converter. This charging unit 110 may be controlled either via parallel control lines 250 or via a serial interface 245.

(128) The area in an airbag control unit which is also able to cover the requirement for monitoring the vehicle electrical system inner resistance through a suitable adaptation is specially marked in FIGS. 2 and 4. The changes focus on ER charge current controller 110 and the battery voltage detection at primary interface 135. Charge current controller 110 should have a programmable or controllable design and include a new control current level which is able to induce a sufficient current change for inner resistance measurement R on the primary (UBAT) side.

(129) In addition, a suitable UBAT voltage monitoring function having low pass filter 220 is to be provided at an ADC (primary interface 135) for the purpose of detecting (620) the supply voltage change provided by the supply current change based on vehicle electrical system inner resistance R.

(130) A more precise circuit diagram of a suitable ER charge current source or a power supply circuit 200 is indicated in FIG. 5. The airbag system controller is able to specify different control current levels via a serial interface (e.g. SPI) or a parallel interface. They are used to charge energy buffer store ER.

(131) One current level is sufficient for a standard airbag system, for which purpose controller 110 is usually switched on or off only via control lines. Much higher charging control current values are to be specified for inner resistance measurement R. They may generally not be used for a complete charging of the ER (charging rate, power dissipation too high).

(132) Via more control lines or the full programmability, the ER charging control current is set to high values, limited in time, for inner resistance measurement R of vehicle electrical system 100. According to the illustration in FIG. 5, this takes place by changing the controller reference voltage. Higher reference voltages result in higher control currents at secondary interface 140.

(133) According to an alternative approach, the complex mathematics (division, multiplication) in the approach described above for checking inner resistance R may be transferred to a (lookup) table without any noticeable deterioration.

(134) The procedure for the check is changed thereby as follows:
UBAT(t5)<6V7=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=1107 mV; _up=0.65
6.0<UBAT(t5)<=6.5V.fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=942 mV; _up=0.7
6.5<UBAT(t5)<=7.0V.fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=812 mV; _up=0.75
7.0<UBAT(t5)<=7.5V.fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=707 mV; _up=0.8
7.5<UBAT(t5)<=8.0V.fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=640 mV; _up=0.825
8.0<UBAT(t5)<=8.5V.fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=600 mV; _up=0.825
8.5<UBAT(t5)<=9.0V.fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=548 mV; _up=0.85
9.0<UBAT(t5)<=9.5V.fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=517 mV; _up=0.85
UBAT(10.0V<=[UBAT(t3).fwdarw.UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=476 mV; _up=0.875
10<UBAT(t5)<=11V.fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=452 mV; _up=0.875
11<UBAT(t5)<=12V.fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=400 mV; _up=0.9
12<UBAT(t5)<=13V.fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=366 mV; _up=0.9
13<UBAT(t5)<=14V.fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=333 mV; _up=0.9125
14<UBAT(t5)<=15V.fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=309 mV; _up=0.9125
15<UBAT(t5)<=16V.fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=285 mV; _up=0.925
16<UBAT(t5)<=18V.fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=267 mV; _up=0.925
18<UBAT(t5).fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=237 mV; _up=0.925

(135) The check in program step 18) then includes only the check of UBAT; if this is less than a table value, defined by UBAT(t5), the check resumes in 20);

(136) otherwise in 19).

(137) Another exemplary embodiment of the present invention is apparent in the following description. The table may be reduced in size without any noticeable decrease in the quality of the error detection:
UBAT(t5)<6V=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=1107 mV; _up=0.65
6.0<UBAT(t5)<=6.5V.fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=942 mV; _up=0.7
6.5<UBAT(t5)<=7.0V.fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=812 mV; _up=0.75
7.0<UBAT(t5)<=8.0V.fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=707 mV; _up=0.8
8.0<UBAT(t5)<=9.0V.fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=600 mV; _up=0.825
9.0<UBAT(t5)<=11V.fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=517 mV; _up=0.85
11<UBAT(t5)<=14V.fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=400 mV; _up=0.9
14<UBAT(t5)<=18V.fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=309 mV; _up=0.9125
18<UBAT(t5).fwdarw.=[UBAT(t3)UBAT(t5)]=UBAT<=237 mV; _up=0.925

(138) To ascertain the supply inner resistance, an airbag control unit supply measurement should be carried out at an input current I1{IBAT(t1)} and at an input current I2{IBAT(T2)}, close together in time. The difference in input currents I1, I2 should be selected to be so large that relevant resistances (0.5 . . . 1.5) are resolvable. The resolution limit should be approximately <=100 m for airbag systems. To protect the measurement against interference voltages, load changes in vehicle electrical system 100 etc., it is to be suitably filtered. In addition to a low pass filter 220, this also includes a multiple (>=3) rapid repetition of the measurement, including checking of the input voltage before and after the measurement.

(139) A filtering of the error over multiple start operations is also suitable for ruling out random errors or special phenomena after long vehicle standstill times.

(140) Airbag control units form the known basis for the approach, which include a step-up converter for generating a regulated output voltage VUP (20 . . . 50)V, e.g. 33V from polarity reversal-protected vehicle voltage VZP (5 . . . 20)V, on the one hand, provide a regulated output voltage VAS (6 . . . 8)V e.g. 6.7V, therefrom via a step-down converter for the further low-loss generation of the necessary system voltages (5V; 3.3V; 1.2V, etc.) as well as external sensor supply, and, on the other hand, include an ON/OFF-switchable energy buffer store charge current controller for charging the ER to approximately VUP.

(141) FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of one exemplary embodiment of a method 600 for ascertaining an inner resistance of a supply network for supplying energy.

(142) The method includes a step of impressing 610 a first charge current value at secondary interface 140. The method also includes a step of detecting 620 or determining a current and/or a voltage at the primary interface (UB coupling to the supply unit of the control unit) during impression 610 of a first secondary charge current at secondary coupling 140 to energy buffer store (ER) via a suitable test circuit 135. Method 600 also includes a step 630 of impressing a second secondary charge current, which differs from the first one, at secondary coupling 140 to energy buffer store (ER) and a step 640 of a renewed detection or determination of a current and/or a voltage at the primary interface (UB) via a suitable test circuit.

(143) There is also a step of determining 650 inner resistance R of supply network 100, using the detected or determined current and/or the detected voltage during the step of impressing 610 and using the detected or determined current and/or detected 620 voltage during the step of impressing 630. Or by determining the current change at the primary interface via an assignment table, based on the defined current difference between secondary charge current value 2 and secondary charge current value 1 of the converter characteristic (efficiency) and the selection criterion of the measured primary voltage.

(144) In other words, FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of one exemplary embodiment of a method 600 for ascertaining an inner resistance of a supply network for supplying energy. The occupant protection system includes a charging unit, which is connected to the supply network with the aid of a primary interface and to an energy buffer store with the aid of a secondary interface for the temporary storage of energy for activating occupant protection devices of the occupant protection system and for supplying the occupant protection system after being separated from the supply network. Method 600 includes a step 610 of impressing a first charge current value at the secondary interface. The method furthermore includes a step 620 of detecting a first current and/or a first voltage at the primary interface during the step of impressing 610. Method 600 also includes a step 630 of impressing a second charge current value, which differs from the first charge current value, at the secondary interface. Method 600 also includes a step 640 of determining a second current and/or a second voltage at the primary interface during the impression. Finally, method 600 includes a step 650 of ascertaining the inner resistance of the supply network, using the first current and the second current and/or the first voltage and the second voltage.

(145) The exemplary embodiments described and shown in the figures have only been selected as examples. Different exemplary embodiments may be combined with each other in their entirety or with regard to their individual features. Also, one exemplary embodiment may be supplemented with features of another exemplary embodiment.

(146) Furthermore, the method steps presented herein may be repeated and carried out in a sequence different from the one described. If an exemplary embodiment has an and/or linkage, between a first feature and a second feature, this is to be read in such a way that the exemplary embodiment has both the first feature and the second feature according to one specific embodiment and either only the first feature or only the second feature according to another specific embodiment.