Bat system with performance limiting structure and methods of making same

Abstract

A bat, which has a hollow barrel and an internal assembly configured to resist deformation of the hollow barrel, is disclosed. The internal assembly includes multiple rods disposed longitudinally within the hollow barrel. The internal assembly can include a deformable ring having a substantially circular outer wall having a diameter less than an inner diameter of the hollow barrel and multiple holes, with each hole configured to at least partially receive a rod of the multiple rods. The bat can have an end cap including end cap holes extending partially through the end cap, with each end cap hole configured to at least partially receive a rod.

Claims

1. A bat comprising: a hollow barrel; an internal assembly disposed within the hollow barrel, the internal assembly comprising: a plurality of rods disposed longitudinally within the hollow barrel; and a deformable ring comprising: an outer wall having an outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the hollow barrel; and a plurality of holes, each hole configured to at least partially receive a corresponding rod of the plurality of rods; and an end cap attached to an end of the hollow barrel, the end cap having a plurality of recesses configured to receive an end of a corresponding rod of the plurality of rods, wherein the plurality of rods is configured to maintain the deformable ring in a predetermined suspended position within the hollow barrel such that, when the bat is at rest, the outer wall of the deformable ring is disposed a predetermined gap distance from an inner surface of the hollow barrel.

2. The bat of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of rods is rigid.

3. The bat of claim 1, wherein the internal assembly further comprises: an alignment insert having: an outer diameter approximately equal to the inner diameter of the hollow barrel; and a plurality of holes, each hole configured to receive a portion of a corresponding rod of the plurality of rods.

4. The bat of claim 3, wherein the plurality of holes of the alignment insert is a plurality of through-holes, each of the plurality of through-holes axially extending through the alignment insert.

5. The bat of claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of holes of the alignment insert is offset from a central axis of the alignment insert by a radial distance.

6. The bat of claim 5, wherein the plurality of holes of the alignment insert is disposed equidistantly along a circumference corresponding to the radial distance.

7. The bat of claim 3, wherein the alignment insert has a plurality of lobes.

8. The bat of claim 3, wherein the alignment insert comprises ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) foam.

9. The bat of claim 1, wherein: the bat has a central axis; the deformable ring has a central axis aligned with the central axis of the bat, and the plurality of holes of the deformable ring is disposed equidistantly about a circumference corresponding to a radial distance from the central axis of the bat.

10. The bat of claim 9, wherein: the end cap has a central axis aligned with the central axis of the bat, and the plurality of recesses of the end cap is disposed equidistantly about the circumference corresponding to the radial distance from the central axis of the bat.

11. The bat of claim 10 further comprising: an alignment insert having a central axis aligned with the central axis of the bat, the alignment insert including: an outer diameter approximately equal to an inner diameter of the hollow barrel; and a plurality of holes, each hole (i) axially extending at least partially into the alignment insert, (ii) disposed equidistantly about the circumference corresponding to a radial distance from the central axis of the bat, and (iii) configured to receive a portion of a corresponding rod of the plurality of rods, wherein the end cap and the alignment insert are configured to maintain the plurality of rods in a predetermined configuration when the bat is at rest, the predetermined configuration corresponding to each of the plurality of rods being parallel.

12. The bat of claim 1, wherein responsive to receiving force from an impact with an object, the hollow barrel is configured to flex inwardly such that the inner surface of the hollow barrel contacts the outer wall of the deformable ring.

13. The bat of claim 12, wherein: the hollow barrel is configured to transfer at least some of the force from the impact to the deformable ring, and the deformable ring is configured to: at least partially deform from an original shape to a deformed shaped upon receiving the at least some of the force from the impact; and return from the deformed shape to the original shape.

14. The bat of claim 13, wherein the deformable ring is further configured to transfer a rebound force to the hollow barrel as the deformable ring returns from the deformed shape to the original shape.

15. The bat of claim 1, wherein the deformable ring comprises a metal, a resin, a plastic, or a composite material.

16. The bat of claim 1, wherein the deformable ring comprises a plurality of inner lobes, each of the plurality of holes being at least partially disposed within a corresponding inner lobe of the plurality of inner lobes.

17. The bat of claim 1, wherein the deformable ring comprises a hollow inner portion.

18. The bat of claim 1, wherein at least some of the plurality of rods comprise metal, resin, carbon, or a mixture thereof.

19. The bat of claim 1, wherein at least some of the plurality of rods are hollow.

20. The bat of claim 1 further comprising: a compressible material disposed between the deformable ring and an inner surface of the hollow barrel such that the compressible material prevents direct contact between the deformable ring and the hollow barrel.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

(1) Reference will now be made to the accompanying figures, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a bat with the barrel depicted as transparent for clarity, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology;

(3) FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a bat, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology;

(4) FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional side view of a bat, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology;

(5) FIG. 4A is an isometric view of a deformable ring, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology;

(6) FIG. 4B is a wireframe drawing of the deformable ring depicted in FIG. 4A, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology;

(7) FIG. 4C is a wireframe drawing of a deformable ring, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology;

(8) FIG. 4D is a wireframe drawing of a deformable ring, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology;

(9) FIG. 5A is a cross-section of a deformable ring, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology;

(10) FIG. 5B is a cross-section of a deformable ring, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology;

(11) FIG. 6A is a graph illustrating performance of a bat incorporating an embodiment of the presently disclosed technology as compared to that of two prior art bats;

(12) FIG. 6B is a graph illustrating performance of a bat incorporating an embodiment of the presently disclosed technology as compared to that of two prior art bats;

(13) FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating a comparison of the compression and displacement of a prior art rigid washer and a deformable ring, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology; and

(14) FIG. 8 is a cross-section of a deformable ring within a hollow barrel, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(15) Throughout this disclosure, certain example embodiments are described in relation to bats including a plurality of rods and a deformable ring. Some embodiments of the disclosed technology will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosed technology may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The components described hereinafter as making up various elements of the disclosed technology are intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. Many suitable components that would perform the same or similar functions as components described herein are intended to be embraced within the scope of the disclosed electronic devices and methods. Such other components not described herein may include, but are not limited to, for example, components developed after development of the disclosed technology.

(16) In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth. But it is to be understood that embodiments of the disclosed technology may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description. References to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “example embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “certain embodiments,” “various embodiments,” etc., indicate that the embodiment(s) of the disclosed technology so described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, repeated use of the phrase “in one embodiment” does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may.

(17) Throughout the specification and the claims, the following terms take at least the meanings explicitly associated herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or.” Further, the terms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to mean one or more unless specified otherwise or clear from the context to be directed to a singular form.

(18) Unless otherwise specified, the use of the ordinal adjectives “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., to describe a common object, merely indicate that different instances of like objects are being referred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects so described should be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner.

(19) According to some embodiments, the disclosed technology relates to a bat, such as baseball bat or a softball bat. In some embodiments, the bat can include a hollow barrel and an internal assembly that is configured to resist deformation of the hollow barrel, especially deformation of the hollow barrel upon impact with a ball, for example. In certain embodiments, the internal assembly can be configured to resist, but not entirely prevent, deformation of the bat upon contact the hollow barrel's inner wall with an outer edge or surface of the deformable ring. In certain embodiments, the internal assembly can include a deformable ring that is suspended within the hollow barrel by a plurality of rods that extend longitudinally within the hollow barrel.

(20) FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a bat 100 according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology. The bat 100 can include a barrel 110, which is depicted as transparent in FIG. 1 to clearly show the internal components of the bat 100. In some embodiments, the bat 100 can include an internal assembly 120, which can include one or more deformable rings 130 and a plurality or rods 140. The deformable ring(s) 130 can be configured to limit (but not prevent) barrel flex at comparatively high impact forces while still allowing the barrel 110 to freely flex at comparatively low impact forces. In certain embodiments, a deformable ring 130 can be placed at a location along the length of the barrel 110 corresponding to the peak performance of the bat 100, or the bat's “sweet spot.” While some embodiments may include a single deformable ring 130, other embodiments can include two, three, four, five, six, or more deformable rings 130. Increasing the number of deformable rings 130 can provide a more constant control of deformation of the hollow barrel 110 upon impact with a ball, but increasing the number deformable rings 130 can also increase the overall weight of the bat 100, which can negatively impact performance of the bat 100. To provide uniformity of deformation about the exterior diameter of the bat 100, some embodiments can include three or more rods 140. For example, some embodiments can include three, four, five, six, or more rods 140. Similar to the number of deformable rings 130 used, an increased number of rods 140 can provide increased positional securely of the deformable ring 130, but increasing the number of rods 140 can increase the overall weight of the bat 100, which may negatively impact the performance of the bat 100. Accordingly, some embodiments can include as few as two rods 140, which can reduce the overall weight of the bat 100, but may do so at the cost of uniformity of deformation about the exterior diameter of the bat 100. Some embodiments can also include an alignment insert 150, which can provide limited or no effect on the deformation of the hollow barrel 110. According to some embodiments, the rods 140 can be solid. In some embodiments, the rods 140 can be substantially hollow, such as is depicted in FIG. 2. According to some embodiments, the rods 140 can comprise carbon tubes. In certain embodiments, the rods 140 can comprise metal, resin, carbon, or some mixture thereof. In some embodiments, each rod 140 can have a diameter in the range of approximately 1 mm to approximately 50 mm. For example, some embodiments can include rods 140 having a diameter in the range of approximately 5 mm to approximately 30 mm.

(21) In some embodiments, the alignment insert 150 can have a shape that mirrors the interior shape of the hollow barrel 110. For example, the alignment insert 150 can have a substantially cylindrical shape. Alternately, the alignment insert 150 can have a frustoconical shape. The alignment insert 150 can have an exterior diameter that is substantially equal to the interior diameter of the hollow barrel 110. The alignment insert 150 can include a plurality of holes extending axially therethrough. Each hole of the alignment insert 150 can be positioned at a common radius from a center of the alignment insert 150, and in certain embodiments, the holes can be positioned equidistantly about a circumference corresponding to this common radius. Each hole of the alignment insert 150 can be dimensioned to receive a corresponding rod 140. The alignment insert 150 can include a plurality of axially extending slits, and each slit can align with a corresponding hole of the alignment insert 150. Thus, each hole of the alignment insert 150 can be configured to receive a rod 140 through the slit such that each rod 140 is passed through a slit and into a corresponding hole in a radially inward direction.

(22) The alignment insert 150 can have other shapes. For example, the alignment insert 150 can have a plurality of lobes formed between adjacent niches, such as is shown in FIG. 1. Each niche can correspond to a rod 140 of the internal assembly 120, and each niche can be configured to receive at least a portion of the corresponding rod 140. Regardless of the shape, in some embodiments, the alignment insert 150 can be configured to substantially maintain the rods 140 in a predetermined alignment and/or position. In addition, the alignment insert 150 can also provide subjective benefits regarding the sound of the bat 100 striking a ball (i.e., the ball-striking sound of a bat 100 with an alignment insert 150 can be more pleasing to a general audience than the ball-striking sound of a bat 100 without an alignment insert 150). In some embodiments, the alignment insert 150 can comprise a light yet sturdy material. In some embodiments, the alignment insert 150 can comprise a polymer, copolymer, and/or foam, such as EVA foam. The alignment insert 150 can include a central hole (e.g., as shown in FIG. 1), which can reduce the weight of the alignment insert 150 (and thus the overall weight of the bat 100). The central hole can be dimensioned such that weight is reduced without negatively impacting the necessary rigidity of the alignment insert 150 that is required to maintain the rods 140 in alignment with other components of the internal assembly 120 and/or other components of the bat 100. Certain embodiments can exclude the alignment insert 150. In some embodiments, the bat 100 can include an end cap 160. As discussed more fully below, in some embodiments, the end cap 160 can be configured to fit securely into a distal end of the barrel 110 and can be configured to receive an end of each of a plurality of rods 140 and maintain the end of each rod 140 in a predetermined alignment and/or position.

(23) Referring to FIG. 2, the deformable ring 130 can include a circular outer wall 232 and a plurality of holes 234, where each hole 234 is configured to at least partially receive a rod 140. In some embodiments, the circular outer wall 232 has an outer diameter that is less than an inner diameter of the hollow barrel 110 such that, upon impact of the hollow barrel 110 with a ball, the hollow barrel 110 is permitted to deform a predetermined amount or a predetermined distance before contacting the circular outer wall 232 of the deformable ring 130. According to some embodiments, the deformable ring 130 is configured to at least partially deform upon receiving force from the impact of the hollow barrel 110 with a ball via contact of the hollow barrel 110 with the circular outer wall 232 of the deformable ring 130. In some embodiments, the deformable ring 130 can be configured to return to its original shape subsequent to deforming.

(24) According to certain embodiments, the deformable ring 130 can include one or more holes 234 that extend entirely through the deformable ring 130. Each hole 234 can be located in a corresponding inner lobe 436 of the deformable ring 130 (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 4A-4D). In some embodiments, each hole 234 of the deformable ring 130 can be positioned at a common radius from a center of the deformable ring 130, and in certain embodiments, the holes 234 can be positioned equidistantly about a circumference corresponding to this common radius. The positions of the holes 234 of the deformable ring 130 can correspond to, and align with, the holes of the alignment insert 150. It should be understood that the circumference corresponding to the common radius does not necessarily correspond to a circumference of the circular outer wall 232. In some embodiments, when the holes 234 receive the rods 140, the deformable ring 130 can be positioned such that it is suspended within the hollow barrel, and in coaxial alignment with the hollow barrel 110, when the bat 100 is at rest (e.g., when the bat 100 is not striking a ball). As will be discussed more fully below, because the outer diameter of the deformable ring 130 (i.e., the diameter of the circular outer wall 232) can be less than the internal diameter of the portion of the hollow barrel 110 adjacent to the deformable ring 130, a gap can be formed between the deformable ring 130 and the hollow barrel 110.

(25) In some embodiments, the end cap 160 can include a number of holes 262 that extend partially into the end cap 160. In some embodiments, each hole 262 can correspond to a rod 140. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, in some embodiments, the end cap 160 can include multiple protrusions extending from an inner surface of the end cap 160 with each protrusion including a partial hole 262. This can permit the end cap 160 to comprise a relatively lower amount of material, which can decrease the overall weight of the bat 100.

(26) Similar to the holes 234 of the deformable ring 130, in some embodiments, each hole 262 of the end cap 160 can be positioned at a common radius from a center of the end cap 160, and in certain embodiments, the holes 234 can be positioned equidistantly about a circumference corresponding to this common radius. In certain embodiments, the common radius with respect to the deformable ring 130 can be substantially equal to the common radius with respect to the end cap 160 and/or the holes 234 of the deformable ring 130 such that each rod 140 is substantially parallel to one another. In some embodiments, the common radius with respect to the deformable ring 130 can be smaller than the common radius with respect to the end cap 160 such that each rod 140 increasingly extends radially outward as the rod 140 extends longitudinally from the deformable ring 130 toward the end cap 160; in some embodiments, this configuration can provide rods 140 that are substantially parallel to an outer wall of the hollow barrel 110 if the hollow barrel 110 increases in outer diameter from a proximate end to a distal end, but it should be understood that such a configuration of the rods 140 is not limited to embodiments in which the diameter of the hollow barrel 110 changes.

(27) In certain embodiments, the end cap 160 can also include a protrusion 264, which can correspond to a notch 212 located proximate the distal end of the hollow barrel 110. In some embodiments, the end cap 160 can be permanently attached to the hollow barrel 110. In certain embodiments, the end cap can be attached to the hollow barrel with an adhesive, such as a glue or epoxy. In certain embodiments, the end cap 160 can be detachably attachable to the hollow barrel 110. Embodiments including a detachably attachable end cap 160 can permit multiple internal assemblies 120 and end caps 160 to be inserted into a single hollow barrel 110, which can enable a single bat 100 to be used in multiple leagues governed by rules requiring differing maximum performance metrics of bats. Thus, it should be appreciated that various components of the internal assembly 120, the end cap 160, and/or any combination thereof are herein contemplated as being provided separately from all other structures discussed herein. For example, it is contemplated that various embodiments of the deformable ring 130 can be provided separately from all other components discussed herein.

(28) As shown throughout the figures, the designs disclosed herein utilize multiple rods 140 as opposed to a single tube or rod (e.g., located along the central axis of the barrel 110). Such designs can permit the deformable ring 130 to be more evenly displaced within the barrel 110 (i.e., translational movement of the deformable ring 130 within the barrel 110) at impact. Such even displacement of the deformable ring 130 can facilitate decreased performance restriction (e.g., as opposed to a rigid washer design) for all but the high-speed impacts (e.g., impacts at a sufficient force to cause the barrel 110 to flex inward at the impact location such that the interior wall of the barrel 110 near the impact location contacts the deformable ring 130 and causes the deformable ring 130 to contact the interior wall of the barrel 110 opposite the impact location). Thus, such designs can limit the flex of the barrel 110 (and COR of the bat 100) at high-speed impacts, while permitting free flexing of the barrel 110 at lower speeds and thus maximizing performance of the bat 100 at lower speeds.

(29) FIGS. 4A and 4B more clearly depict the deformable ring 130 according to some embodiments, along with the circular outer wall 232 and holes 234. In some embodiments, one or more of the holes 234 can extend only partially into the deformable ring 130 such that only an end of a rod can extend into the hole 234. Some embodiments can include a combination of complete (i.e., formed fully through the deformable ring 130) and partial (i.e., formed only partially through the deformable ring 130) holes 234. Referring to FIGS. 4C and 4D, in certain embodiments, the deformable ring can include one or more holes 234 that extends partially into a first side (e.g., a top side) of the deformable ring 130 and can include one or more holes 234 that extends partially into a second side (e.g., a bottom side) of the deformable ring 130 such that an end of a first rod 140 can be inserted into the first side of the deformable ring 130 and an end of a second rod 140 can be inserted into the second side of the deformable ring 130. In some embodiments, a given pair of rods 140 on opposite sides of the deformable ring 130 (e.g., the first rod 140 inserted into the first side of the deformable ring 130 and the second rod 140 inserted into the second side of the deformable ring 130) can be axially aligned with respect to one another, such as shown in FIG. 4C. In certain embodiments, one or more of the rods 140 on opposite sides of the deformable ring 130 can be axially offset with respect to one another, such as shown in FIG. 4D.

(30) Referring to FIGS. 5A and 5B, in some embodiments, a plurality of deformable rings 130 can be provided, and according to some embodiments, the outer diameter of each deformable ring 130 is the same. Thus, each of the plurality of deformable rings 130 can be used with the same hollow barrel 110. In some embodiments, the diameters of the holes 234 can be different from deformable ring 130 such that rods 140 of differing diameters can be used, which can influence the deformability of the deformable ring 130. In certain embodiments, the diameters of the holes 234 can be the same among all deformable rings 130 such that the same rods 140 can be used for all deformable rings 130. In some embodiments, the inner diameter of the deformable rings 130 can be adjusted to provide differing rigidities and thus differing deformability of the hollow barrel 110, ultimately resulting in differing performance characteristics of the bat 100. For example, FIG. 5A depicts a deformable ring 130A having an outer diameter and an inner diameter ID′, and FIG. 5B depicts a deformable ring 130B having the same outer diameter as deformable ring 130A and having an inner diameter ID.sub.2, which is greater than the inner diameter ID.sub.1 of deformable ring 130A. Because deformable rings 130A and 130B have the same outer diameter and because deformable ring 130A has an inner diameter ID.sub.1 less than the inner diameter ID.sub.2 of deformable ring 130B, deformable ring 130A has a greater wall thickness than that of deformable ring 130B. Accordingly, deformable ring 130A is more rigid, and thus less deformable, than deformable ring 130B.

(31) In some embodiments, the deformable ring 130 can have a thickness (e.g., height) in the range of approximately 1 mm (approximately 0.04 inch) to approximately 50 mm (approximately 2 inches). For example, in some embodiments, the deformable ring 130 can have a thickness (e.g., height) in the range of approximately 1 mm (approximately 0.04 inch) to approximately 20 mm (approximately 0.8 inch). In certain embodiments, the deformable ring 130 can have a radial thickness (e.g., the smallest thickness of a sidewall of the deformable ring) in the range of approximately 1 mm (approximately 0.04 inch) to approximately 50 mm (approximately 2 inches). For example, in some embodiments, the deformable ring 130 can have a radial thickness in the range of approximately 5 mm (approximately 0.2 inch) to approximately 30 mm (approximately 1.2 inches). In some embodiments, the deformable ring can comprise one or more metals (e.g., aluminum), resin, one or more composite materials, one or more plastics (e.g., nylon), any combination thereof, or any other appropriate material(s).

(32) FIGS. 6A and 6B are graphs depicting the performance of three types of bats: a prior art bat having a rigid, washer-shaped ring, a prior art composite bat lacking any sort of internal ring structure, and a bat comprising the presently disclosed technology. As can be seen, the presently disclosed bat provides a batted ball speed that is higher than the normal composite bat and nearly as high as the bat including the washer-shaped ring at lower speeds and provides a batted ball speed that is higher than the bat including the washer-shaped ring and nearly as high as the normal composite bat at medium speeds. And at higher speeds, the presently disclosed bat provides a batted ball speed that is much higher than the bat including the washer-shaped ring. Thus, the presently disclosed can increase bat performance at a target force (e.g., to conform with controlling rules and regulations) while maintaining a high level of performance at forces beyond the target force. The increased overall performance of bats using a deformable ring 130 can be at least partly attributable to the unique balance of compression and displacement afforded by the disclosed technology. Referring to FIG. 7, a rigid washer of a prior art bat can be displaced within the bat as the bat barrel is compressed only until the rigid washer is in contact with both the impact side and opposite side of the barrel, at which time no further displacement is possible. In contrast, the deformable ring 130 of the disclosed technology can displace similarly but is also able to deform after contacting both the impact side and opposite side of the barrel. As can also be seen from FIG. 7, the degree of compression of the deformable ring 130 can be altered based on the inner diameter of the deformable ring 130 (assuming a constant outer diameter). Stated otherwise, the thickness of the deformable ring's 130 outer wall can affect the degree of compression of the deformable ring 130.

(33) As shown in FIG. 8, the deformable ring 130 can be suspended within the hollow barrel 110 such that a gap is formed between the circular outer wall 232 of the deformable ring 130 and the interior surface of the hollow barrel 110. The magnitude of this gap (i.e., distance D.sub.gap) can be altered to achieve a predetermined performance at various batted ball speeds. As will be appreciated, the outer surface of the deformable ring 130 and/or the inner surface of the barrel 110 may not be perfectly circular due to manufacturing limitations or other reasons. Thus, the gap distance D.sub.gap can refer to an average gap distance D.sub.gap between the outer surface of the deformable ring 130 and the inner surface of the barrel 110.

(34) Optionally, a compressible material 838 can be attached or affixed to the outer wall 232 of the deformable ring 130. The compressible material 838 can help to reduce or eliminate vibrations that can cause an undesirable sound (e.g., a rattling sound) that may occur when the deformable ring 130 contacts the inner surface of the barrel 110. The compressible material 838 can be or include a fabric (e.g., felt), a foam (e.g., a low-density polyurethane foam), or any other compressible material. As will be appreciated, the compressible material 838 can be highly compressible such that it can dampen, reduce, and/or remove audible rattling without inhibiting the benefits of the deformable ring 130 as described herein. The compressible material 838 can be attached or affixed to the outer wall 232 of the deformable ring 130 via adhesive (e.g., glue, epoxy, tape) or any type of attachment device. As a non-limiting example, the compressible material 838 can be a tape (e.g., a felt tape, a foam tape) and can be adhered to the outer wall 232 of the deformable ring 130. Alternatively or in addition, a compressible material 838 can be attached or affixed to the inner surface of the barrel 110. The compressible material 838 can have a thickness that is less than the gap distance D.sub.gap such that a gap exists between the compressible material 838 and the inner surface of the barrel 110 (if the compressible material 838 is attached to the outer wall 232 of the deformable ring 130) or between the compressible material 838 and the outer wall 232 of the deformable ring 130 (if the compressible material 838 is attached to the inner surface of the barrel 110). Alternatively, the compressible material 838 can have a thickness that is approximately equal to the gap distance D.sub.gap. Further, while the compressible material 838 has heretofore been described as being attached to the outer wall 232 of the deformable ring 130 and/or the inner surface of the barrel 110, it is contemplated that the compressible material 838 can be simply disposed between the deformable ring 130 and the barrel 110. For example, the compressible material 838 can have a thickness that approximately equal to or greater than (e.g., slightly greater than) the gap distance D.sub.gap such that the compressible material can be retained between the deformable ring 130 and the barrel 110 via friction forces and/or slight compression of the compressible material 838. Regardless of its positioning, the compressible material 838 can be positioned such that it prevents direct contact between the deformable ring 130 and the barrel 110.

(35) Table 1 below refers to data resulting from experiments conducted using examples of the disclosed technology, including two samples having rings of differing wall thickness and the same outer diameter (i.e., having differing inner diameters) and three samples having different outer diameters. Each sample was tested with the same hollow barrel 110, such that the difference between the inner diameter of the hollow barrel 110 and the outer diameter of each sample deformable ring 130 results in a corresponding gap distance D.sub.gap. The barrel 110 used in testing these samples had an inner diameter of approximately 50 mm (approximately 2 inches). Thus, as an example, the gap distance D.sub.gap for Sample A, which included a ring 130 having an outer diameter of 36 mm (approximately 1.4 inches), was approximately 7 mm (approximately 0.28 inches) (i.e., (50 mm outer diameter of barrel 110—36 mm outer diameter of deformable ring 130)÷2=7 mm D.sub.gap for Sample A). The force values of Table 1 refer how much force was required to compress the barrel 110 of each sample a constant, predetermined amount. For the purposes of these experiments, the predetermined displacement resulting from the compression of the barrel 110 was 0.050±0.001 inch (1.3±0.025 mm). Ring wall thickness refers to the difference between the deformable ring's 130 outer diameter and largest inner diameter (see, e.g., FIGS. 5A and 5B), ring height refers to the height of thickness of each deformable ring 130, and ring location refers to the position of each deformable ring 130 with respect to the cap end of the barrel of the bat (i.e., each of the samples was located at a position 7 inches from the cap end of the barrel 110). Each sample was tested using a robotic batter at a low speed, a medium speed, and a high speed.

(36) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Ring Outer Ring Wall Ring Ring Force Diameter Thickness Height Location Sample (lbf) (mm) (mm) (mm) (in) A 255 36 4.0 10.0 7.0 B 251 40 4.5 10.0 7.0 C 249 44 5.0 10.0 7.0 D 250 40 3.0 10.0 7.0

(37) Table 2 below shows the batted ball speed resulting from impacts of some of the above sample bats with balls traveling at three different speeds prior to impact: low speed (55 km/h (approximately 34 mph)), medium speed (80 km/h (approximately 50 mph)), and high speed (125 km/h (approximately 78 mph)). To determine the batted ball speed in this data, a swing robot was used for testing (not a bat cannon), and the exit velocity of ball was then measured. As can be seen from the data, there is little difference between the performances of Samples A, B, and C at the low and medium speeds. At the high speed, however, the biggest gap resulted in the best performance. This could be because contact between the barrel 110 and the deformable ring 130 is comparatively delayed, thus permitting the barrel 110 to flex farther and also spring back farther.

(38) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Sample 55 km/h 80 km/h 125 km/h A 49.9 74.2 119.6 B 49.9 74.1 118.1 C 50.1 74.0 118.1

(39) Table 3 below shows the batted ball speed resulting from impacts of some of the above sample bats with balls traveling at three different speeds prior to impact: low speed (55 km/h (approximately 34 mph)), medium speed (80 km/h (approximately 50 mph)), and high speed (105 km/h (approximately 65 mph)). As above, the batted ball speed in this data was determined during testing using a swing robot (not a bat cannon) and measuring the exit velocity of ball. Here, the data seems to indicate that a less stiff deformable ring 130 (e.g., having a thinner wall) provides comparatively increased performance.

(40) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Sample 55 km/h 80 km/h 125 km/h B 49.9 74.1 97.6 D 50.7 74.3 99.2

(41) While certain embodiments of the disclosed technology have been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical embodiments, it is to be understood that the disclosed technology is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

(42) This written description uses examples to disclose certain embodiments of the disclosed technology, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice certain embodiments of the disclosed technology, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of certain embodiments of the disclosed technology is defined in the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.