Pin coupling based thermoelectric device

Abstract

A method includes coupling a number of sets of N and P thermoelectric legs to a substrate. Each set includes an N thermoelectric leg and a P thermoelectric leg electrically contacting each other through a conductive material on the substrate. The method also includes forming a conductive thin film on another substrate, and coupling the each set on an end thereof away from the substrate to the conductive thin film formed on the another substrate through a pin several times longer than a height of the N thermoelectric leg and the P thermoelectric leg of the each set to form a thermoelectric device.

Claims

1. A method comprising: coupling a plurality of sets of N and P thermoelectric legs to a first substrate, each set comprising an N thermoelectric leg and a P thermoelectric leg electrically contacting each other through a conductive material on the first substrate, and the first substrate being a flexible substrate; forming a conductive thin film on a second substrate, the second substrate being a rigid substrate; coupling the each set on an end thereof away from the first substrate to the conductive thin film formed on the second substrate through a pin several times longer than a height of the N thermoelectric leg and the P thermoelectric leg of the each set to form a thermoelectric device; applying one of: heat and cold to the formed thermoelectric device at an end of one of: the first substrate and the second substrate; and controlling a temperature difference across the N thermoelectric leg and the P thermoelectric leg of the each set on the first substrate based on at least one of: varying a height of the pin, a thickness of the pin and replacing the pin with a pin having a different area therefrom.

2. The method of claim 1, comprising: depositing the plurality of sets of N and P thermoelectric legs on the first substrate through a roll-to-roll sputtering process.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the pin is a pogo pin.

4. The method of claim 1, comprising forming the conductive thin film on the second substrate through sputtering.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising coupling the formed thermoelectric device to a solar panel device.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising coupling the formed thermoelectric device to a solar thermal collector.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising forming a set of terminals on the first substrate to measure potential difference generated based on the application of the one of: the heat and the cold to the formed thermoelectric device.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The embodiments of this invention are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements and in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a thermoelectric device.

(3) FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an example thermoelectric device with alternating P and N elements.

(4) FIG. 3 is a top schematic view of a thermoelectric device component, according to one or more embodiments.

(5) FIG. 4 is a front schematic view of a thermoelectric device including the thermoelectric device component of FIG. 3, according to one or more embodiments.

(6) FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a solar panel device configured to have the thermoelectric device of FIG. 4 integrated therein.

(7) FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram representation of a hybrid device including the solar panel device of FIG. 5 and the thermoelectric device of FIG. 4 integrated therein.

(8) FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a flat plate collector, according to one or more embodiments.

(9) FIG. 8 is a process flow diagram detailing the operations involved in realizing the thermoelectric device of FIG. 4, according to one or more embodiments.

(10) FIG. 9 is another front schematic view of the thermoelectric device of FIG. 4 including the thermoelectric device component of FIG. 3 with pins, according to one or more embodiments.

(11) Other features of the present embodiments will be apparent from the accompanying drawings and from the detailed description that follows.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(12) Example embodiments, as described below, may be used to provide a method, a device and/or a system of a pin coupling based thermoelectric device. Although the present embodiments have been described with reference to specific example embodiments, it will be evident that various modifications and changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the various embodiments.

(13) FIG. 1 shows a thermoelectric device 100. Thermoelectric device 100 may include different metals, metal 1 102 and metal 2 104, forming a closed circuit. Here, a temperature difference between junctions of said dissimilar metals leads to energy levels of electrons therein shifted in a dissimilar manner. This results in a potential/voltage difference between the warmer (e.g., warmer junction 106) of the junctions and the colder (e.g., colder junction 108) of the junctions. The aforementioned conversion of heat into electricity at junctions of dissimilar metals is known as Seebeck effect.

(14) The most common thermoelectric devices in the market may utilize alternative P and N type legs/pellets/elements made of semiconducting materials. As heat is applied to one end of a thermoelectric device based on P and N type elements, charge carriers thereof may be released into the conduction band. Electron (charge carrier) flow in the N type element may contribute to a current flowing from the end (hot end) where the heat is applied to the other end (cold end). Hole (charge carrier) flow in the P type element may contribute to a current flowing from the other end (cold end) to the end (hot end) where the heat is applied. Here, heat may be removed from the cold end to prevent equalization of charge carrier distribution in the semiconductor materials due to migration thereof.

(15) In order to generate voltage at a meaningful level to facilitate one or more application(s), typical thermoelectric devices may utilize alternating P and N type elements (legs/pellets) electrically coupled in series (and thermally coupled in parallel) with one another, as shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 2 shows an example thermoelectric device 200 including three alternating P and N type elements 202.sub.1-3. The hot end (e.g., hot end 204) where heat is applied and the cold end (e.g., cold end 206) are also shown in FIG. 2.

(16) Typical thermoelectric devices (e.g., thermoelectric device 200) may be limited in application thereof because of rigidity, bulkiness and high costs (>$20/watt) associated therewith. Also, these devices may operate at high temperatures using active cooling. Exemplary embodiments discussed herein provide for a thermoelectric platform (e.g., enabled via roll-to-roll sputtering on a substrate (e.g., plastic)) that offers a large scale, commercially viable, high performance, easy integration and inexpensive (<20 cents/watt) route to flexible thermoelectrics.

(17) In accordance with the exemplary embodiments, P and N thermoelectric legs may be deposited on a flexible substrate (e.g., plastic) using a roll-to-roll process that offers scalability and cost savings associated with the N and P materials. In a typical solution, bulk legs may have a height in millimeters (mm) and an area in mm.sup.2. In contrast, N and P bulk legs described in the exemplary embodiments discussed herein may have a height in microns (m) and an area in the m.sup.2 to mm.sup.2 range.

(18) FIG. 3 shows a top view of a thermoelectric device component 300, according to one or more embodiments. Here, in one or more embodiments, a number of sets of N and P legs (e.g., sets 302.sub.1-M including N legs 304.sub.1-M and P legs 306.sub.1-M therein) to one skilled in the art; therefore, detailed discussed associated therewith has been skipped for the sake of convenience. In one or more embodiments, FIG. 3 shows terminals (370, 372) to measure the potential difference generated based on heat (or, cold) applied at an end of thermoelectric device 400. It is obvious that heat (or, cold) may be applied at any end of thermoelectric device 400; in other words, the heat (or, the cold) may be applied at an end of substrate 350 or substrate 450.

(19) In one or more embodiments, a thermoelectric module (e.g., thermoelectric device 400) with the pin setup may offer several advantages over a traditional implementation. In one or more embodiments, a temperature difference across the thermoelectric P and N legs may be controlled by varying a height, a thickness and/or an area of pins 402.sub.1-M (each of pins 402.sub.1-M whose height, thickness and/or area can be varied may be used). The modularized approach to thermoelectric device 400 may provide for replacing pins 402.sub.1-M with another set thereof having a different height of constituent individual pins, a different thickness of constituent individual pins and/or a different area of constituent individual pins. In one example implementation, the height of each pin 402.sub.1-M may be adjusted through a spring associated therewith.

(20) In one or more embodiments, the controllability of the height, the thickness and/or the area of pins 402.sub.1-M may allow thermoelectric device 400/module to operate at higher temperatures and a wider temperature spectrum compared to a traditional implementation thereof. In the traditional implementation, the height of the P and N legs may be fixed based on material costs and performance. Exemplary embodiments discussed herein may offer scalability and cost savings.

(21) Exemplary embodiments discussed herein (e.g., thermoelectric device 400) may also offer easy integration with respect to solar and solar thermal applications. As discussed above, the traditional thermoelectric module may have a size limitation and may not scale to a larger area. For example, a typical solar panel may have an area in the square meter (m.sup.2) range and the traditional thermoelectric module may have an area in the square inch range. A thermoelectric module in accordance with the exemplary embodiments may be of varying sizes and/or dimensions ranging from a few mm.sup.2 to a few m.sup.2.

(22) For efficient harnessing of solar energy, optimum hybridization of photovoltaic (PV) and thermoelectric devices may be considered ideal. In the PV operation, 40% of solar spectral irradiance may spontaneously be transformed into heat by thermalization loss of high energy photons and transmission loss of low energy photons. Therefore, additional energy harvesting from waste heat may be useful not only for increasing efficiency but also for removing unwanted heat that prevents efficient PV operation. Achieving lossless coupling may enable the power output from the hybrid device be equal to the sum of the maximum power outputs produced separately from individual PV and thermoelectric devices.

(23) FIG. 5 shows a solar panel device 500. Solar panel device 500 may include a glass sheet 502 (e.g., tempered low iron glass) under which a layer of interconnected solar cells 504 may be sandwiched between lamination layers (506, 508). In one implementation, the lamination layers (506, 508) may be made of ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) films. The framework for solar panel device 500 may be provided by a backsheet 510, which lies underneath lamination layer 508. It should be noted that other implementations of solar panel device 500 are within the scope of the exemplary embodiments discussed herein.

(24) In one or more embodiments, a thermoelectric module 550 (e.g., thermoelectric device 400) may be coupled to the layer of interconnected solar cells 504 between said layer of interconnected solar cells 504 and lamination layer 508 to realize the hybrid device discussed above. FIG. 6 shows a circuit diagram representation of a hybrid device 600 (e.g., solar panel device 500 with thermoelectric module 550 of FIG. 5), according to one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, solar panel device 500 may be represented as a current source 602 in parallel with a diode 604 and a shunt resistance R.sub.SH 606. In one or more embodiments, the series resistance representation of solar panel device 500 is shown as R.sub.S 608 in FIG. 6. In one or more embodiments, thermoelectric module 550 may be represented by a voltage source 612 in series with an internal resistance R.sub.I 614. FIG. 6 also shows that the output voltage of hybrid device 600 to be the sum of the voltage of solar panel device 500 (V.sub.SOLAR) and the voltage of thermoelectric module 550 (V.sub.TM).

(25) Solar thermal collectors may be of several types including but not limited to flat plate collectors, evacuated tube collectors, Integral Collector Storage (ICS) system based collectors, thermosiphon based collectors and concentrating collectors. The most common type of solar thermal collectors may be flat plate collectors. FIG. 7 shows a flat plate collector 700, according to one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, flat plate collector 700 may include a glass plate 702 (e.g., tempered glass) on top and an absorber plate 704 (e.g., copper based, aluminum based) on a bottom thereof. Sunlight may pass through glass plate 702 and heat up absorber plate 704; solar energy may thereby be converted into heat energy. The heat may be passed onto liquid passing through pipes 706 attached to absorber plate 704.

(26) The working of a typical flat plate collector is well known to one skilled in the art. Detailed discussion associated therewith has, therefore, been skipped for the sake of convenience. FIG. 7 shows insulation 708, header 710, inlet 712 and outlet 714 of flat plate collector 700 merely for the sake of completeness. It should be noted that glass plate 702 may, instead, be replaced with a polymer cover plate. Other implementations of flat plate collector 700 are within the scope of the exemplary embodiments discussed herein.

(27) In one or more embodiments, a thermoelectric module 750 (e.g., thermoelectric device 400; analogous to thermoelectric module 550) may be integrated into flat plate collector 700 (an example solar thermal collector) at the back of absorber plate 704 (or underneath absorber plate 704). In one or more embodiments, in the case of a pure water heater system implementation, flat plate collector 700 including thermoelectric module 750 may produce electricity in addition to thermal energy to be used for lighting and other purposes; said thermal energy may also heat water at the same time. As absorber plate 704 reaches temperatures in the vicinity of 400 degrees Celsius (C), there may be a lot of temperature gradients to be exploited and harvested through thermoelectric module 750.

(28) FIG. 8 shows a process flow diagram detailing the operations involved in realizing a pin coupling based thermoelectric device (e.g., thermoelectric device 400), according to one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, operation 802 may involve coupling a number of sets (e.g., sets 302.sub.1-M) of N (e.g., N legs 304.sub.1-M) and P (e.g., P legs 306.sub.1-M) thermoelectric legs on a substrate (e.g., substrate 350). In one or more embodiments, the each set may include an N thermoelectric leg and a P thermoelectric leg electrically contacting each other through a conductive material (e.g., conductive material 308.sub.1-M) on the substrate.

(29) In one or more embodiments, operation 804 may involve forming a conductive thin film (e.g., conductive thin film 404) on another substrate (e.g., substrate 450). In one or more embodiments, operation 806 may then involve coupling the each set on an end thereof away from the substrate to the conductive thin film formed on the another substrate through a pin (e.g., pin 402.sub.1-M) several times longer than a height of the N thermoelectric leg and the P thermoelectric leg of the each set to form/realize the thermoelectric device (e.g., thermoelectric device 400).

(30) FIG. 9 shows another front schematic view of thermoelectric device 400 including thermoelectric component 300 with pins 402.sub.1-M, according to one or more embodiments. Here, the connection of pins 402.sub.1-M to N legs 304.sub.1-M and P legs 306.sub.1-M within sets 302.sub.1-M on substrate 350 is shown. Also, FIG. 9 shows connection of said pins 402.sub.1-M to conductive thin film 404 on substrate 450. The perspective view (second of two views in FIG. 9) of thermoelectric device 400 in FIG. 9 omits the physical depiction of terminals (370, 372) merely because the surface of substrate 350 across which N legs 304.sub.1-M and P legs 306.sub.1-M are deposited is crowded. However, terminals (370, 372) are depicted as lines with polarities. The location of terminals (370, 372) on the surface of substrate 350 in the perspective view of thermoelectric device 400 can easily be deduced from location thereof on thermoelectric component 300 (first view in FIG. 9) in both FIG. 9 and FIG. 3.

(31) It should be noted that the exemplary embodiments discussed above do not limit application thereof to solar devices (e.g., hybrid solar device 600, flat plate collector 700). For example, in low temperature applications such as harvesting body heat in a wearable device, a milli-volt (mV) output of thermoelectric device 400 may be boosted using a Direct Current (DC)-DC converter to a desired voltage output (e.g., 3.3 V) to augment a life of a battery used or to replace said battery. Also, it should be noted that additional electronics and/or wiring may be needed to integrate thermoelectric device 400 within a device/system associated with relevant applications (e.g., automotive devices/components, Internet of Things (IoT).

(32) Although the present embodiments have been described with reference to specific example embodiments, it will be evident that various modifications and changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the various embodiments. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.