COMPOSITION FOR DRILLING FLUID AND METHOD OF DRILLING A BOREHOLE

Abstract

A drilling fluid composition comprises a concentrated mixture of mud additives. The concentrate comprises a water-based suspension medium comprising a colloidal solid and an effective amount of a water-sequestering polymer and an effective amount of at least one drilling mud additive mixed into the water-based suspension medium.

Claims

1. A drilling fluid composition comprising a concentrate, the concentrate comprising: a water-based suspension medium comprising a colloidal solid and an effective amount of a water-sequestering polymer; and an effective amount of at least one drilling mud additive mixed into the water-based suspension medium.

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the colloidal solid comprises bentonite.

3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the water-sequestering polymer comprises polyacrylic acid, polyether/polyethylene oxide and mixtures thereof.

4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the at least one drilling mud additive comprises at least one of a clay flocculent, a viscosifier, and a friction reducer.

5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the at least one drilling mud additive comprises at least one of a detergent and a clay stabilizer.

6. The composition of claim 1 wherein the concentrate further comprises at least one mud additive which may include one or more of the following: bentonite (including high-yield or other modified clay-based mud powders), xanthan gum, guar gum, poly-anionic cellulose, other modified cellulose derivatives, polyacrylamides, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate (AMPS), partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM, PHPA), sodium polyacrylate polymers, acrylamide/sodium acrylate copolymer (e.g. 2-Propenamide polymer), and/or PHPA/AMPS co-polymers, non-ionic detergents, foaming detergents, defoamers, clay stabilizers (e.g. choline chloride, tetra-methyl ammonium chloride (TMAC) and the like), flocculants, de-flocculants, dispersants, lost circulation material (including calcium carbonate, polyester or other synthetic fibers or natural fibers from bulk plant matter like coconut or peanut shells), pH modifiers and buffers, water conditioning agents.

7. The composition of claim 1 wherein the concentrate is mixed in water in a volume fraction of 0.2% to 5% concentrate to water to form a drilling fluid.

8. A method for making a drilling mud composition, comprising forming a concentrate by: mixing a colloidal solid in water; adding an effective amount of a water-sequestering polymer to the colloidal solid mixed in the water to produce a water-based suspension medium; and mixing an effective amount of at least one drilling mud additive to a water-based suspension medium.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the colloidal solid comprises bentonite.

10. The method of claim 8 wherein the water-sequestering polymer comprises polyacrylic acid, polyether/polyethylene oxide and mixtures thereof.

11. The method of claim 8 wherein the concentrate further comprises at least one of the following: bentonite (including high-yield or other modified clay-based mud powders), xanthan gum, guar gum, poly-anionic cellulose, other modified cellulose derivatives, polyacrylamides, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate (AMPS), partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM, PHPA), sodium polyacrylate polymers, acrylamide/sodium acrylate copolymer (e.g. 2-Propenamide polymer), and/or PHPA/AMPS co-polymers, non-ionic detergents, foaming detergents, defoamers, clay stabilizers (e.g. choline chloride, tetra-methyl ammonium chloride (TMAC) and the like), flocculants, de-flocculants, dispersants, lost circulation material (including calcium carbonate, polyester or other synthetic fibers or natural fibers from bulk plant matter like coconut or peanut shells), pH modifiers and buffers, water conditioning agents.

12. The method of claim 8 wherein the concentrate is mixed in water in a volume fraction of 0.2% to 5% concentrate to water to form a drilling fluid.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0009] Wellbore fluids, e.g., drilling fluid, according to the present disclosure may comprise a water-based suspension medium that serves as a universal carrier fluid for heterogeneous mixtures of various dry-powder additives. When the dry powder additives are mixed with the water-based suspension medium in specific ratios, the resulting fluid will form an all-in-one, conveniently premeasured drilling fluid system. Purposes of a drilling fluid composition according to the present disclosure may include the following: (1) to facilitate removal of the loosened soil material away from the borehole annulus, (2) to create a hydraulic seal to permeable earth around the borehole to prevent drilling fluid loss into the soil matrix surrounding the borehole, and (3) to reduce torque, drag, vibration and temperature on the drill pipe and tooling assembly by reducing friction between the tools/pipe and the soil matrix.

[0010] The water-based suspension medium may comprise a colloidal solid, such as 0.5 to 4% (by weight, wt %) sodium bentonite and at least one highly soluble water-sequestering polymer, such as 0.01 to 0.5 wt % polyacrylic acid (or sodium polyacrylate) and/or 35 to 60 wt % polyether/polyethylene oxide, e.g., poly-ethylene glycol (PEG). The water-based suspension medium may be made by first dispersing the colloidal solid (e.g., bentonite) in water until a substantially homogenous mixture is formed, and then directly adding the water-sequestering polymer(s) (PA/PEG pellets and/or powder) to the dispersed bentonite mixture. The foregoing components should be gently mixed to avoid excessive aeration and/or foaming until all of the water-sequestering polymer is dissolved in the water phase of the water-based suspension and the mixture is substantially homogenous. Such a suspension medium can be stored for extended periods and may be used as the suspension medium for multiple combinations of dry mud additives. The total concentration of water-sequestering polymer(s) in the mixture should be sufficiently high (generally greater than 20 wt %) to prevent over-hydration of mud additives subsequently introduced into the mixture such that the resulting mud-additive mixture can be packaged and stored as a stable liquid slurry or paste (e.g. the mixture does not continue to increase in viscosity as a result of over-hydration of the mud additives after the mixture is initially made). Furthermore, the concentrations of the mud additives in the concentrated pre-mix must be sufficiently high to enable convenient handling and dosing into mud tanks or hoppers. Generally, the rheological mud additives should range from 20% to 60 wt % of the final (concentrated) mixture, and the ancillary additives will generally range from 0.5% to 20 wt %. The concentrated pre-mix may then be dosed in the range of 0.1% to 5% (by volume or weight) into mud mixing tanks.

[0011] The desirable components of an effective mud system for various soil conditions can be combined into the suspension medium to create particular all-in-one mud-mix concentrates. For example, an all-in-one water-based suspension can be pre-made and packaged by combining the suspension medium with anionic PHPA (clay flocculent, viscosifier, and friction reducer), sodium tripolyphosphate (non-foaming detergent builder) and choline chloride (clay stabilizer) for use as a drilling fluid in soils containing greater than 20% clay. In another example, an all-in-one water-based suspension can be pre-made and packaged by combining the suspension medium with guar gum, xanthan gum, bentonite, and poly-anionic cellulose (PAC) to comprise a single-additive drilling fluid in soils containing more than 30% sand and/or other relatively high-density particles not susceptible to swelling. The very large number of pre-made mixes that can be pre-combinedusing this technique will be apparent to those skilled in the art of drilling mud compositions and mixing methods.

[0012] Common drilling mud additives to mix into the suspension medium for various all-in-one mixes may include, but would not necessarily be limited to, combinations of: bentonite (including high-yield or other modified clay-based mud powders), xanthan gum, guar gum, poly-anionic cellulose, other modified cellulose derivatives, polyacrylamides, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate (AMPS), partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM, PHPA), sodium polyacrylate polymers, acrylamide/sodium acrylate copolymer (e.g. 2-Propenamide polymer), and/or PHPA/AMPS co-polymers, non-ionic detergents, foaming detergents, defoamers, clay stabilizers (e.g. choline chloride, tetra-methyl ammonium chloride (TMAC) and the like), flocculants, de-flocculants, dispersants, lost circulation material (including calcium carbonate, polyester or other synthetic fibers or natural fibers from bulk plant matter like coconut or peanut shells), pH modifiers and buffers, water conditioning agents, and other commonly known dry-mix mud additives.

[0013] The ratio of each specific additive may be modified in the suspension depending on the target soil conditions to which the mixture is be applied for drilling; however, one embodiment of a pre-measured all-in-one drilling fluid mixture comprises, by weight percent:

TABLE-US-00001 Suspension medium (1% bentonite, .0025% 60 wt % polyacrylate, 50% PEG1450) Xanthan Gum powder 20 wt % Guar Gum powder 10 wt % Poly-Anionic Cellulose (PAC-R) powder 5 wt % Anionic HPAM/PHPA powder 5 wt %

[0014] The foregoing concentrated mixture (40% by weight of additives) can be added to water at a boring site at a ratio of 1 to 5 gallons per 500 gallons (0.2%-1% v/v) to form an effective drilling fluid with a plastic viscosity >15, yield point >5, and gel strength >3. Depending on the target soil conditions, the variations within the indicated range of ingredients may be used in the mixture to target different rheological properties. Other water-sequestering polymers (such as dextran-based polymers for example) may be substituted for or blended with the PEG as part of the suspension medium. The molecular weight range of the PEG may be from 200-20K g/mol. The amount of PEG in the suspension medium can range between 30 wt % to 65 wt % depending on the powder mixture composition and desired suspension properties. The amount of bentonite in the suspension medium can range from 0.5 to 10 wt % depending on the powder mixture composition and desired suspension properties.

[0015] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the addition of small amounts of surfactant in powder or liquid form, or powdered lubricant (e.g., graphic, lecithin), anti-caking agents (e.g. silicates), foamer or defoamer, additional colloidal suspension aides, or biological control agents (preservatives, biocides, e.g. sodium benzoate) would be reasonable to include in the water-based medium so long as the additives do not cause the rheology-modifying polymers to prematurely hydrate in the concentrated mixture.

[0016] The same or similar mixtures may be appropriately used in hydrocarbon extraction well construction as drilling additives and/or completion fluids.

[0017] Although only a few examples have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the examples. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure as defined in the following claims.