ORTHODONTIC ANCHORAGE DEVICE

Abstract

An orthodontic anchor (10) to be attached to the surface (12) of a tooth (11). The anchor (10) includes a base (13) which is in the form of a plate having a surface (14) that is dually fixed to the surface (12). Base (13) is in the form of a duct portion (15) providing a through passage (16). The passage (16) receives a tube (19), through which an elongated orthodontic element, such as a wire (21) or a chain can pass.

Claims

1. An orthodontic anchor including: a base having a base surface to be fixed to a tooth surface; and a duct member fixed to the base and projecting from the base in a direction away from the base surface, and providing a tubular main passage extending through the duct member and generally parallel to the base surface and into which an orthodontic elongated element may enter and that is to be fixed to the duct member and therefore the base; and wherein, the main passage and the duct member includes a tubular filling passage, the tubular filling passage extending to the main passage and configured to deliver a flowable settable material to said main passage to fix the elongated element to the duct member.

2. The orthodontic anchor of claim 1, wherein the orthodontic elongated element is a wire or tube.

3. The orthodontic anchor of claim 1, wherein the base and duct member are integrally formed.

4. The orthodontic anchor of claim 1, wherein the main passage extends along a longitudinal axis, and the main passage is elongated in a direction transverse of said longitudinal axis and generally parallel to said base surface.

5. The orthodontic anchor of claim 4, wherein the main passage has a width that is transverse of said longitudinal axis and generally parallel to said base surface that is greater than a transverse width that is transverse of said longitudinal axis and transverse relative to said base surface.

6. The orthodontic anchor of claim 1, wherein the base is a plate that is generally planar.

7. The orthodontic anchor of claim 1, wherein the base is a plate that is arcuate so as to have a convex surface adjacent the duct member.

8. The orthodontic anchor of claim 1, wherein the elongated element is rigid.

9. The orthodontic anchor of claim 1, further comprising a hook formation extending from the anchor for attachment of another orthodontic device.

10. The orthodontic anchor of claim 1, wherein the tubular main passage has an axial extension and cross section and wherein the tubular filling passage has an axial extension and cross section and wherein a minimum area of the cross section of the tubular main passage is greater than a minimum area of the cross section of the tubular filling passage.

11. An orthodontic anchor including: a base having a base surface to be fixed to a tooth surface; a duct member fixed to the base and projecting from the base in a direction away from the base surface, and providing a tubular main passage extending generally parallel to the base surface; and a tube passing through the main passage through which an orthodontic elongated element is to pass to be secured to the base surface by the duct member; and wherein, the main passage and the duct member includes a tubular filling passage, the tubular filling passage extending to the main passage and configured to deliver a flowable settable material to said main passage to fix the tube to the duct member.

12. The orthodontic anchor of claim 11, wherein the base and duct member are integrally formed.

13. The orthodontic anchor of claim 12, wherein the base and duct member are integrally formed of metal.

14. The orthodontic anchor of claim 11, wherein the tube is plastically deformable to provide for the formation of bends to be located in said main passage.

15. The orthodontic anchor of claim 11, further comprising a hook formation extending from the anchor for attachment of another orthodontic device.

16. An orthodontic anchor assembly for providing a passive orthodontic anchorage unit, said assembly comprising: a first orthodontic anchor, said first orthodontic anchor includes: a first base having a first base surface to be fixed to a first tooth surface; and a first duct member fixed to the first base and projecting from the first base in a direction away from the first base surface, and providing a first tubular main passage extending through the duct member and generally parallel to the first base surface and into which an orthodontic elongated element may enter and that is to be fixed to the duct member and therefore the base; and wherein, the first main passage and the first duct member includes a first tubular filling passage, the first tubular filling passage extending to the first main passage and configured to deliver a flowable settable material to said first main passage to fix the orthodontic elongated element to the first duct member; a second orthodontic anchor, said second orthodontic anchor includes: a second base having a second base surface to be fixed to a second tooth surface; and a second duct member fixed to the second base and projecting from the second base in a direction away from the second base surface, and providing a second tubular main passage extending through the duct member and generally parallel to the second base surface and into which the orthodontic elongated element may enter and that is to be fixed to the second duct member and therefore the second base; and the orthodontic elongated element to be fixed at a first end portion within said first main passage by said flowable settable material and at a second end portion within said second main passage by said flowable settable material.

17. The orthodontic anchor assembly of claim 16, further comprising the flowable settable material to be located in each main passage between the elongated element and respective duct member to thereby secure the elongated element to each base when set.

18. The orthodontic anchor assembly of claim 16, wherein the elongated element is a tube which accepts an orthodontic wire.

19. The orthodontic anchor assembly of claim 16, wherein the elongated element is rigid.

20. The orthodontic anchor assembly of claim 16, further comprising a hook formation extending from at least one of said first orthodontic anchor or second orthodontic anchor for attachment of another orthodontic device.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0039] Preferred forms of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein;

[0040] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an orthodontic anchor fixed to a tooth;

[0041] FIG. 2 is a schematic side elevation of the anchor of FIG. 1;

[0042] FIG. 3 is a further schematic view of the anchor of FIG. 1;

[0043] FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an orthodontic anchor assembly;

[0044] FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a modification of the assembly of FIG. 4;

[0045] FIG. 6 is a further schematic view of a modification of the anchor of FIG. 4;

[0046] FIG. 7 is a still further schematic view of an anchor assembly;

[0047] FIG. 8 is a schematic longitudinal section of a tube employed in the assembly of FIGS. 1 to 7;

[0048] FIG. 9 is a schematic sectioned end elevation of the tube of FIG. 8;

[0049] FIG. 10 is a schematic end elevation of the tube of FIG. 8 sectioned along the line 10-10;

[0050] FIG. 11 is a schematic end elevation of portion of the anchor assembly of FIG. 7;

[0051] FIG. 12 is a schematic view of an orthodontic anchor fixed to teeth;

[0052] FIG. 13 is a further schematic view of an orthodontic anchor fixed to the teeth; and

[0053] FIGS. 14 to 17 are schematic isometric views of orthodontic anchors employed in the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 13.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0054] In FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 there is schematically depicted an orthodontic anchor 10. In this particular illustration the anchor 10 is attached to a tooth 11, that may, for example, be a molar, with the anchor 10 attached to the tooth surface 12.

[0055] The anchor 10 includes a base 13 which is in the form of a plate, having a surface 14 that is fixed to the surface 12 by being adhered or bonded to the surface 12. The surface 12 may be on the palate side or the buccal side of the tooth 11.

[0056] Fixed to or formed integral with the base 13 is a duct portion 15, that projects from the base 13 so as to extend from the base 13 in a direction away from the surface 14. Preferably, the base 13 and portion 15 are integrally formed from metal.

[0057] The duct portion 15 provides a through passage 16, that is generally parallel to the surface 14.

[0058] The passage 16 may be of any desired cross-section, such as circular, elliptical, square or even round. However most preferably the passage 16 is generally oval in transverse cross-section so as to be upwardly elongated. Accordingly, the passage 16 has transverse width 17 that is less than the transverse length 18. That is, the passage 16 is transversely elongated in the direction generally parallel to the base 14, and transverse of the longitudinal axis 40 of the anchor 10.

[0059] Extending through the passage 16 is a tube 19 having a longitudinal passage 20. The tube 19 is of a smaller cross-section that the passage 16 so that there is spaced between the outer longitudinal surface of the tube 19, and the internal surface of the portion 15 surrounding the passage 16. Preferably, the tube 19 is plastically deformable so that bends can be provided, with the bends being located in the passage 16.

[0060] The passage 20 is to provide for an elongated orthodontic element, such as a wire 21. The orthodontic element passes longitudinally through the passage 20 and move relative to the passage 20. The element may also be a chain.

[0061] Preferably, the element 21 may be resilient deformable, and/or plastically deformable.

[0062] When the tube 19 is correctly located in the passage 16, a flowable settable substance is injected in the space between the tube 19 and the portion 15, with the substance setting to secure the tube 19 in the desired position within the passage 16.

[0063] Preferably, the portion 15 is provided with an injection passage 22 to which an applicator 23 is applied to inject the settable material into the passage 16. The applicator 23 would have a tubular nozzle 24 that would have an end extremity that fits within the passage 22.

[0064] Typically the abovementioned settable substance would be a self-curing cement such as a composite resin.

[0065] The element 21 would then pass from the anchor 10, to an adjacent anchor device (pad) 25 fixed to an adjacent tooth 26.

[0066] Preferably, the anchor 10 would include a hook 27 or other projection that would be provided to assist the dental professional in positioning the anchor 10, or may also aid in the attachment of other orthodontic devices to the anchor 10.

[0067] Preferably, the portion 15 is arcuate outwardly in configuration to inhibit irritation.

[0068] In FIG. 4 of the accompanying drawings there is schematically depicted an orthodontic anchor assembly 30. The assembly 30 includes two anchors 10 (as described previously) with the tube 19 passing therebetween and fixed to both bases so that the assembly 30 is fixed to two adjacent teeth 31 and 32, more particularly the anchors 10 are fixed to surfaces 33 and 34 of the teeth 31 and 32.

[0069] The tube 19 is fixed to both bases 11 by the abovementioned settable substance being located in the passages 16 and set to fix the tube 19 to both bases 11.

[0070] As can be seen with reference to FIG. 4, the tube 19 can be deformed to be positioned correctly in the passages 16 of the adjacent anchors 10.

[0071] In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the tube 19 is of a different configuration to the tube as shown in FIG. 4. In FIG. 5, the tube 19 is deformed to accommodate misalignment of the adjacent teeth 33 and 34.

[0072] A further modification of the tube 19 is shown in FIG. 6.

[0073] The anchor 10 of FIG. 5 can be used with a typical curve of Spee, or an excessive one. The tube 19 can be aligned in the most mesial anchorage element such that the wire 21 will run into the orthodontic bracket 25 (labelled OB) which is typically on the premolar without any significant deflection in the element and without causing the premolar to move in any particular direction, unless the dental professional should desire that.

[0074] The tube 19 has a bend correctly directs the tube 19 in order for the tube 19 to fit within the passage 16 without any stress (which would cause movement to the anchor units).

[0075] The anchor 10 of FIG. 6 is used where the second molar has over erupted. The angular 10 is placed (on the buccal surface of the molars typically) in their most favourable alignment and position to get the greatest contact with and adhesion to the tooth. The tube 19 is then bent using standard orthodontic pliers to create an offset or an angular bend, in this case an offset bend is shown. This allows the tube 19 on the first molar 34 to have a trajectory that aims at and delivers the element 21 within it passively into the slot of the orthodontic bracket 25 on the adjacent premolar 26 without any stress between the molar 34 and the premolar 33, unless of course it is desired to move the molar 34 or premolar 33 relative to each other.

[0076] Where a lower molar has been extracted and an upper first molar has substantially super-erupted, an assembly 30 as shown in FIG. 7 is used.

[0077] The tube 19 can be adjusted within the passage 16 and thus allow the operator to put the orthodontic wire 21 in a neutral stress free position by moving the tube 19, and the wire 24 within it, to one end of the available slot in the portion 15, as shown in FIG. 4, where the tube 19 has been moved to the extreme gingival edge of the portion 15. This then allows the assembly 30 to be used as a passive anchorage unit, not causing unwanted movements in adjacent teeth, and at the same time compensating (within limits/) for variations in molar eruption and angulation.

[0078] Where a first molar may have been removed and there is a mesial drift of the second and third molars. These teeth typically drift with a substantial tilt to the mesial. The tube 19 is in the most favourable and anatomically correct position, and the tube 19 in such a way as to allow them to be joined together whilst allowing the tube 19 to have a trajectory towards the slot on the adjacent premolar bracket, thus allowing a passive placement of the wire 21.

[0079] A bend in the tube 19 can be located in the passage 16 at an appropriate distance from the passage 16 entrance so that forces are internally reciprocated, and have no effect on moving the premolar.

[0080] The tube 19, may be generally circular in transverse cross-section as shown in FIG. 10, or may be oval or square in transverse cross-section. However, the tube 19 may be also provided with irregularities to aid in securing it to the portion 15. In the embodiment of FIG. 8, the tube 19 has transverse slots or grooves 35 within which the abovementioned settable substance hardens to aid in securing the tube 19 in position. In an alternative embodiment, the tube 19 may have a flattened portion 36 as shown in FIG. 11.

[0081] The anchor assembly 30 can also be applied to the palatal surfaces of molars and pre-molars in various situations. It can be applied to first molars and used to then attach to a large diameter palatal wire 21 which transmits force through to a Nance button, either laboratory made, or made in situ from light cured composite.

[0082] The anchorage 10 makes it a lot easier for the dentist or orthodontist to quickly construct his own Nance button without the time delay, inconvenience, cost and inaccuracy of having a laboratory product made. Nance buttons made in situ fit perfectly and generally more accurately than laboratory made products and get less food debris underneath and less bad taste/bad smell as a result.

[0083] The anchor assembly 30 can be used to provide massive palatal anchorage in order to retract anterior dental segments such as Canine to canine, especially in cases of premolar extractions, or for retraction of teeth with excessive protrusion, such as in bimaxillary protrusive cases, and/or to retract segments of teeth such as pre-molars and canines to correct malaligned mid lines, or to distalize impacted canines without disturbing the existing symmetry or positive qualities of the existing dental arch due to abberent reciprocal forces.

[0084] The use of the assembly 30 on the maxillary teeth provides such substantial anchorage that it can be used simultaneously to retract both maxillary arch teeth and mandibular teeth by running the appropriate interarch class two elastics.

[0085] In addition to the retraction of anterior teeth the assembly 10 can also be positioned on premolars or canines, and then engaged with a sufficiently large diameter and rigid wire traversing the hard palate in the region of the rugae, and with the aid of a laboratory made or in situ Nance button, can be used to provide substantial anchorage against which entire molar posterior segments can be distalized as a block.

[0086] This is particularly helpful in cases of class two malocclusion—unilateral or bilateral, and in cases of maxillary excess and protrusive maxillary teeth.

[0087] Once these posterior segments are distalized into the ideal position and the appropriate bite relationship, the assembly 10 can then be removed from the premolars and fitted to these distalized molars and a Nance button attached in order to simultaneously both prevent them spontaneously relapsing towards the mesial, and to provide a source of anchorage in order to use them to retract rotate or move the anterior or premolar segments in order to fill any space that has been created by distalizing the posterior segments.

[0088] The assembly can be used for orthodontists and dentists who have provided optimal and comprehensive treatment and have moved the molars into the ideal position and relationship and who now desire them to be locked into that position, without the use of headgear or surgical devices such as implants or bone screws, with a minimal probability of mesial spontaneous drifting, and also to lock them in sufficiently to utilise them as anchorage units in order to retract or rotate or move other teeth in the dental arch, with minimal anchorage slip or untoward anchor teeth movement.

[0089] Grooves 35 can be cut or stamped or cast into the primary tube. These grooves (19, 35) mechanically engage the cement and stop slippage of the tube 19 relative to the cement, and by extension, stop movement relative to the tooth, thus forming a rigid splint that stops any mesial tilting and minimises mesial drift.

[0090] The rough cut edges are faced away from the cheek so as not to cause aggravation.

[0091] In FIG. 12 there is schematically depicted a pair of the orthodontic anchors 10, with an orthodontic wire 21 extending therebetween. The wire 21 has end portions fixed in respective main passages 16 by the above described settable flowable substance.

[0092] In the embodiment of FIG. 13, Nance assembly, includes at least one anchor, and then optionally one or two anchors 10, with the wire 21 secured to each of the anchors 10 by the abovementioned flowable substance.

[0093] In the embodiments of 12 and 13, there is no tube 19 employed, the wires 21 are directly fixed to the anchors 10 by the flowable substance.

[0094] In FIGS. 14 to 17, there is schematically depicted various modifications of the anchor 10. In each of these embodiments, the base 13 is of a plate configuration so as to have the surface 14 that engages the tooth, and a surface 38 adjacent the duct portion 15. In the embodiment of FIG. 14 the base 13 is arcuate so that the surface 38 is generally convex. In the embodiment of FIGS. 15, 16 and 17, the base 13 is generally planar, accordingly the surfaces 38 are generally flat.

[0095] In each of these embodiments, the passage 16 has the longitudinal axis 40, with the passage 16 preferably elongated in the direction transverse of the axis 40 but generally parallel to the surfaces 14 and 38. Each of the passages 16 has a transverse width, generally perpendicular to the surfaces 14 and 38, that is less than the width that is generally parallel to the surface 38.

[0096] The passage 16 is dimensioned so that the wires (or other elongated element) can be positioned in the passage 16 in a desired position and orientation, and then fixed in that position. This has the advantage of providing the dentist with more latitude in respect of positioning the anchor 10. A still further advantage is that the passage 16 can accommodate wires 21 of different diameters.