METHOD FOR PRODUCING A VENEERED BOARD

Abstract

A method for producing a veneered board having a veneer and a carrier board having improved use properties includes the steps of providing a veneer and a carrier board, providing a sheet of paper impregnated with binder, the sheet of paper being arranged in a stack of materials to be pressed between an upper face of the carrier board and a lower face of the veneer, and pressing the stack of materials to be pressed. The sheet of paper is impregnated with a binder, the sheet of paper impregnated with binder is pre-dried so that it is still sticky, at least one additive is applied onto the pre-dried, still sticky binder, and the sheet of paper which is impregnated with binder and provided with an additive is dried to a residual moisture content of up to 8%.

Claims

1. A method for producing a veneered board (1), comprising a veneer (8) and a carrier board (2), said method comprising the steps of: providing a veneer (8) and a carrier board (2), providing a sheet of paper (4) impregnated with binder, said sheet of paper being arranged in a stack of materials to be pressed between an upper face (3) of the carrier board (2) and a lower face of the veneer (8), and pressing the stack of materials to be pressed, wherein the sheet of paper (4) is impregnated with a binder, the sheet of paper (4) impregnated with binder is pre-dried so that it is still sticky, at least one additive (7) is applied onto the pre-dried, still sticky binder, and the sheet of paper (4) which is impregnated with binder and provided with an additive (7) is dried to a residual moisture content of up to 8%.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein one of the following substances or a mixture of two or more of the following substances is used as the additive (7): dye, pigment, effect pigment, flame retardant, ink, UV stabilizer, infrared absorber, agents for increasing the conductivity, antibacterial agents, hydrophobizing agents, bleaching agents, stain.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the additive (7) is applied as a particulate solid or in liquid form.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the additive (7) is not soluble in the binder or is not homogeneously soluble in the binder.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, after the sheet of paper (4) is impregnated with binder, excess binder is removed on a lower face (5) of the sheet of paper (4), which faces the carrier board.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the binder is used in a first partial amount in liquid form and in a second partial amount in solid form.

7. A veneered board (1), comprising a carrier board (2) and a veneer (8) arranged above the carrier board (2), wherein a sheet of paper (4) impregnated with binder is arranged between an upper face (3) of the carrier board (2) and a lower face of the veneer (8), wherein the veneer (8) is impregnated with binder at least in sections, and wherein an additive (7) is present on the upper face of binder in the veneer (8), wherein one of the following substances or a mixture of two or more of the following substances is used as the additive (7): dye, pigment, effect pigment, flame retardant, ink, UV stabilizer, infrared absorber, agents for increasing the conductivity, antibacterial agents, hydrophobizing agents, bleaching agents, stain.

8. The veneered board (1) according to claim 7, wherein a backing (10) is present on a lower face (9) of the carrier board (2).

9. The veneered board (1) according to one of claim 7, wherein a veneer (8) is used as the backing (10).

10. The veneered board (1) according to claim 7, wherein the carrier board (2) is a wood composite board.

11. The veneered board (1) according to claim 7, wherein the carrier board is a water-resistant board that is provided with a veneer on one or both sides.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

[0030] Details of the invention are explained in greater detail below using exemplary embodiments. In the FIGURE:

[0031] FIG. 1 a schematic representation of the layers of a carrier board according to the invention is shown.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] As shown in FIG. 1, the veneered board 1 according to the invention comprises a carrier board 2 and a sheet of paper 4 impregnated with synthetic resin arranged on the upper face 3 of the carrier board 2. The sheet of paper 4 impregnated with synthetic resin comprises a lower face 5 and an upper face 6. The lower face 5 lies on the upper face 3 of the carrier board 2. The upper face 6 comprises synthetic resin. An additive 7 is applied on the upper face 6. A veneer 8 is arranged on the sheet of paper provided with the additive 7 and impregnated with synthetic resin. The carrier board 2 comprises a lower face 9, on which a backing 10 consisting of a sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin is arranged.

[0033] The carrier board 2, the sheet of paper 3 impregnated with synthetic resin, the additive 7 and the veneer 8 form a stack of materials to be pressed which is then pressed in order to form a veneered board 1. Optionally, the stack of materials to be pressed is supplemented by the backing 10, which then forms the lower face of the veneered board 1.

Exemplary Embodiment 1—Coloring the Surface

[0034]

TABLE-US-00001 Starting materials: Veneer for the upper face: Thickness: 0.8 mm Type: Oak Overlay impregnated with Paper weight: 25 g/m.sup.2 synthetic resin: Resin application: 600% Synthetic resin: Melamine resin Additive: 2.7 g liquid digital printing ink/m.sup.2 black, aqueous, applied by means of spraying Carrier board: High-density fiberboard: HDF Thickness: 12 mm Backing: Sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin, with veneer as outer layer Paper weight: 25 g/m.sup.2 Resin application: 600% (Top turned to the backing veneer) Type of veneer: Birch Thickness: 0.8 mm
Producing the Sheet of Paper Impregnated with Synthetic Resin

[0035] The sheet of paper (overlay) is guided through an impregnation bath with liquid synthetic resin, in this case melamine resin. After impregnation, excess synthetic resin is removed by means of a scraper such that only a layer of synthetic resin sits on the upper face of the sheet of paper, which is now impregnated with synthetic resin. The upper face of the sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin consists of synthetic resin, in this case melamine resin.

[0036] The sheet of paper impregnated in this manner is subjected to intermediate drying to a VC value of at most 15%, preferably 12%, preferably 10%. In this state, the synthetic resin is sticky. An additive is applied onto the sticky surface of the sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin. In the present exemplary embodiment, 2.7 g/m.sup.2 of aqueous digital printing ink is sprayed on, e.g. by means of an ink jet printer or by means of another spraying device. The additive adheres to the sticky surface of the synthetic resin.

[0037] The sheet of resin-impregnates paper thus provided with an additive is then dried further to a moisture content (VC value) of 6%. The intermediate drying and drying take place in known drying devices, e.g. in a tunnel drier, in which hot air nozzles blast the sheet of paper from the top and bottom and thus dry same. The dried sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin and provided with an additive can now be stored until it is used.

[0038] The sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin (overlay) for the backing can be produced in the same way as described above. It can therefore be produced without or with an additive. The additive or the combination of additives may be the same as or different from the sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin placed onto the upper face of the carrier board. The sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin for the backing is also dried to a VC value of 6%. In exemplary embodiment 1, the backing consists of the sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin, with or without additive, and of a veneer, usually an inexpensive veneer that forms the outer layer on the lower face of the veneered board.

Producing the Veneered Board

[0039] The backing, carrier board, sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin and having an additive, and the veneer are layered in order to form a stack of materials to be pressed.

[0040] The stack of materials to be pressed is introduced into an SC press (short-cycle press), where it is pressed at a temperature of 180° C. and a pressure of p=30 N/mm.sup.2 for a pressing time of 30 seconds. It can be pressed with a simple, smooth press plate. However, in this embodiment, textured press plates may also be used to provide texture. For example, a press plate with a wood texture may be used. After the pressing, black color seepage could be observed in the pores of the veneer and in the veneer flaws (knotholes, etc.). The wood texture of the press plate was visible in the veneer. No visible layer of melamine resin had formed on the upper face of the veneer. Visible discoloration was solely produced by the additive, in this case the black ink. The black ink was therefore conveyed through larger openings in the veneer or, respectively between the fibers of the veneer to the surface of the veneer by means of the liquefying synthetic resin during the pressing process. The veneer surface has therefore been accentuated or respectively designed in a manner that was not possible previously. The method according to the invention offers better design properties and thus use property for a veneered board.

[0041] This method can be controlled by scattering melamine resin powder onto the resin that has yet to be dried. In order to illustrate the principle, a defined amount of melamine resin powder was applied onto the overlay impregnated with synthetic resin but yet to be dried, and then dried, and then different amounts of the above-described, diluted digital printing ink were applied. For comparison, an overlay without melamine resin powder scattered on was produced as well in each case. The overlays were then pressed under the same conditions and with the same structure as described in exemplary embodiment 1. As can be seen in the table, the distribution/penetration of the additive can be controlled using this approach.

[0042] According to an alternative, within the scope of exemplary embodiment 1, some of the synthetic resin may be applied in solid form, in particular as a powder. A typical sequence for applying synthetic resin may, for example, be that the sheet of paper is firstly impregnated with liquid synthetic resin and then synthetic resin is applied as a powder. After the synthetic resin has been fully applied, the method is continued as described above.

TABLE-US-00002 Melamine Color Dilu- Color powder application tion application application diluted Color: undiluted No. in g/m.sup.2 fl./m.sup.2 Water in g/m.sup.2 Assessment 1  0 40 1:15  2.7 Slight color seepage into pore 2 36 39 1:15  2.6 More significant color seepage into pore 3  0 49 1:5  9.8 Significant color seepage into pore 4 36 51 1:5 10.2 Very significant color seepage into pore 5  0 77 1:5 15.4 Very significant color seepage into pore 6 36 75 1:5 15 Very significant color seepage into pore, slight color seepage into surface

Exemplary Embodiment 2—Increasing the Conductivity

[0043]

TABLE-US-00003 Starting materials: Veneer for the upper face: Thickness: 0.8 mm Type: Oak Overlay impregnated with Paper weight: 25 g/m.sup.2 synthetic resin: Resin application: 600% Synthetic resin: Melamine resin Additive: Aquacyl AQ 0302 (3%) 30 g/m.sup.2 Applied by means of spraying (*1) (2*) Carrier board: High-density fiberboard: HDF Thickness: 12 mm Backing (overlay): Paper weight: 25 g/m.sup.2 Resin application: 600% (Top turned to the backing veneer) Veneer for the backing: Thickness: 0.8 mm Type: Birch (*1) The product Aquacyl AQ 0302 is an aqueous dispersion of multi-wall carbon nanotubes. (2*) When used in the context of this text, “%” without further addition refers to % by weight.

[0044] The sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin is produced as described above for exemplary embodiment 1. However, an aqueous, 3% dispersion of multi-wall carbon nanotubes is sprayed on as the additive, for example by means of a nozzle arrangement that extends across the width of the carrier board.

[0045] The backing is also produced as described for exemplary embodiment 1. The carrier board, the sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin and the oak veneer are layered onto the backing in order to form a stack of materials to be pressed. Said stack of materials to be pressed is pressed in an SC press at a temperature of 180° C. and a pressure of p=30 N/mm.sup.2 for a pressing time of 30 seconds.

[0046] For comparison, a board with otherwise the same structure and production was produced without the additive Aquacyl AQ0302 on the sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin.

[0047] In this exemplary embodiment, a press plate with an embossed wood texture was also used to provide texture. The wood texture of the press plate was visible in a negative way in the veneer. No layer of melamine resin that would have been apparent due to a dark discoloration of the veneer was visible on the upper face of the veneer. After the veneered board had cooled, in both specimens with and without additive, the surface resistance was determined in accordance with DIN EN 1081:2018 following climatization (48 h, 23° C., 50% relative air humidity). A value of 3×10.sup.11Ω was determined for the sample without Aquacyl AQ 0302. For the sample with the additive, 5×10.sup.8Ω was measured.

[0048] Additionally, for the sample with the additive, approx. 0.2 mm of the veneer surface was additionally sanded off using a belt sander in another sample. A repeat measurement of the surface resistance produced 5.5×10.sup.8Ω. The surface resistance can therefore be reduced by approx. three powers of ten compared with the control sample by using Aquacyl AQ 0302 with carbon nanotubes. The conductivity of the veneered upper face of the veneered board is thus substantially improved, despite making sparing use of the additive, which is conveyed by means of the synthetic resin in a targeted manner through the veneer to the surface of the veneer during the pressing by being applied onto the sticky surface of the synthetic resin.

Exemplary Embodiment 3—Improving the Light-Fastness

[0049]

TABLE-US-00004 Starting materials: Veneer for the upper face: Thickness: 0.8 mm Type: Oak Sheet of paper impregnated Paper weight: 25 g/m.sup.2 with synthetic resin: Resin application: 600% Synthetic resin: Melamine resin Additives: Lignostab 1198 (10% solution) 1 g/m.sup.2 Tinuvin 292 (10% solution) 1 g/m.sup.2 Applied one after the other by means of spraying Carrier board: High-density fiberboard: HDF Thickness: 12 mm Backing: Paper weight: 25 g/m.sup.2 Resin application: 600% (Top turned to the backing veneer) Veneer: Birch Thickness: 0.8 mm

[0050] The sheet of paper (overlay) impregnated with synthetic resin and the backing (like overlay) were produced in the same manner as described for exemplary embodiment 1. Two additives were applied onto the pre-dried and thus sticky sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin one after the other, i.e. a 10% solution of Lignostab and a 10% solution of Tinuvin, each in an amount of 1 g/m.sup.2.

[0051] The stack of materials to be pressed, which, apart from the additives, has the same structure as in the previous exemplary embodiments, is pressed in an SC press at a temperature of 180° C., a pressure of p=30 N/mm.sup.2 and with a pressing time of 30 seconds.

[0052] For comparison, an otherwise identical veneered board without additives (Lignostab 1198 and Tinuvin 292) was produced on the overlay.

[0053] A press plate with a wood texture was used to provide texture. The wood texture of the press plate was visible in the veneer of the veneered board. No layer of melamine resin that would have been apparent due to a dark discoloration of the veneer was visible on the upper face of the veneer.

[0054] Subsequently, a light-fastness test according to DIN EN ISO 4892-2, 2013-06 (600 h) was performed. The comparison board (control sample) without the two additives was also tested. In the veneered board according to the invention with the additives, the ΔE was <1.5, and in the sample without agent, the ΔE was 4. The veneered board according to the invention is therefore far more stable than a comparison board without additives. In this case, too, it was found that the additives lie on the surface of the liquefied synthetic resin and are conveyed into or, respectively, through the veneer during the pressing.

[0055] The three exemplary embodiments mentioned exhibit only a small selection of the possibilities offered by this method. To improve the properties of the veneers used, no intensive surface treatment and no “dip impregnation” is required. The melamine resin penetrating into the veneer serves as a substrate or respectively transport medium for the agents. At the same time, the agent is distributed in the veneer cross-section.

Exemplary Embodiment 4—Veneer on Both Sides of the Carrier Board

[0056]

TABLE-US-00005 Veneer for the lower and upper face: Thickness: 0.8 mm Type: Oak Sheet of paper impregnated Paper weight: 25 g/m.sup.2 with synthetic resin (overlay): Resin application: 600% Synthetic resin: Melamine resin Carrier board: High-density HDF fiberboard: Thickness: 6 mm

[0057] In each case, a veneer made of oak is applied onto the upper face of the carrier board and a veneer made of oak is applied onto the lower face of the carrier board. For this purpose, two sheets of paper are provided with synthetic resin in the same way as described for exemplary embodiment 1. An additive is placed on the synthetic resin, which subsequently penetrates into the veneer. In this connection, a dye, a pigment, an effect pigment, e.g. metal pigments or reflective pigments, flame retardants such as boron compounds or water glass, ink, a UV stabilizer, an infrared absorber, agents for increasing the conductivity, antibacterial agents, hydrophobizing agents, bleaching agents or stain may be used as the additive. The additive may be present as a solid, preferably as a particulate solid, e.g. as dust or powder, but also as granular material. Alternatively, a liquid or paste-like additive may be used, which is preferably not soluble in the synthetic resin or, alternatively, is not homogeneously miscible in the synthetic resin. However, the additive may also be soluble in the binder; in this case, the additive may not be completely transported to the surface. It is a question of the dose of the additive. The amount to be used depends on the desired technical or aesthetic effect and can be determined within few experiments.

[0058] In this case, the carrier board is a HDF board that is thin compared with the previous exemplary embodiments, with a thickness of 6 mm. Thin carrier boards are particularly suitable for equipping vehicles, e.g. for the interior finishing of driver's cabs, camper vans, motor homes, airplanes or boats, in particular cruise ships.

[0059] In principle, other thin boards of sufficient strength may be used as an alternative, e.g. water-resistant boards with minimal swelling and shrinkage, which are also suitable for use in humid spaces such as swimming pools or saunas, but also bathrooms and kitchens, in particular water-resistant MDF boards or fiberboards with a high content of binder. Exemplary embodiments for implementing the invention with water-resistant boards are given below.

Exemplary Embodiment 5—Water-Resistant Board

[0060]

TABLE-US-00006 Starting materials: Veneer for the upper Thickness: 0.8 mm face: Type: Oak Sheet of paper Paper weight: 25 g/m.sup.2 impregnated with Resin application: 600% synthetic resin: Synthetic resin: Melamine resin Additive: Black digital printing ink, liquid, 2.7 g/m.sup.2 aqueous, applied by means of spraying: Carrier board: Board consisting of 55 wt. % melamine resin and 45 wt. % wood fibers Thickness: 5.8 mm Backing: Sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin, with veneer as outer layer Paper weight: 25 g/m.sup.2 Resin application: 600% (Top turned to the backing veneer) Type of veneer: Birch Thickness: 0.8 mm
Producing the Sheet of Paper Impregnated with Synthetic Resin

[0061] The sheet of paper is guided through an impregnation bath with liquid synthetic resin, in this case melamine resin. After impregnation, excess synthetic resin is removed by means of a scraper such that only a layer of synthetic resin sits on the upper face of the sheet of paper, which is now impregnated with synthetic resin. The upper face of the sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin consists of synthetic resin, in this case melamine resin. The amount of resin applied is 600% relative to the weight of the sheet of paper.

[0062] The sheet of paper impregnated in this manner is subjected to intermediate drying to a VC value of at most 15%, preferably 12%, preferably 10%. In this state, the synthetic resin is sticky. An additive is applied onto the sticky surface of the sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin. In the present exemplary embodiment, 2.7 g/m.sup.2 of aqueous digital printing ink is sprayed on, e.g. by means of an ink jet printer or by means of another spraying device. The additive adheres to the sticky surface of the synthetic resin.

[0063] The sheet of paper provided with additive and impregnated with synthetic resin is then dried further to a moisture content (VC value) of 6%. The intermediate drying and drying take place in known drying devices, e.g. in a tunnel drier, in which hot air nozzles blast the sheet of paper from the top and bottom and thus dry same. The dried sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin and provided with an additive can now be stored until it is used.

[0064] The sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin for the backing can be produced in the same way as described above. It can be produced without or with an additive. The additive or the combination of additives may be the same as or different from the sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin placed onto the upper face of the carrier board. The sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin for the backing is also dried to a VC value of 6%. In exemplary embodiment 6, the backing consists of the sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin, with or without additive, and also of a veneer, usually an inexpensive veneer that forms the outer layer on the lower face of the veneered board.

Producing the Veneered Board

[0065] The backing, sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin, carrier board, sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin and having an additive, and the veneer are layered in order to form a stack of materials to be pressed.

[0066] The stack of materials to be pressed is introduced into an SC press (short-cycle press), where it is pressed at a temperature of 180° C. and a pressure of p=30 N/mm.sup.2 for a pressing time of 30 seconds. It can be pressed with a simple, smooth press plate. However, in this embodiment, textured press plates may also be used to provide texture. For example, a press plate with a wood texture may be used.

[0067] After the pressing, black color seepage could be observed in the cracks and pores of the veneer and in the veneer flaws (knotholes, etc.). The wood texture of the press plate was visible in the veneer. No visible layer of melamine resin had formed on the upper face of the veneer. Visible discoloration was solely produced by the additive, in this case the black ink. The black ink was therefore conveyed through larger openings in the veneer or respectively, between the fibers of the veneer to the surface of the veneer by means of the liquefying synthetic resin during the pressing process.

[0068] The boards were finished or rather sealed after the pressing process by means of the application of a UV varnish or UV oil in the surface. The amounts applied were based on the desired use class.

[0069] The veneer surface has therefore been accentuated or respectively designed in a manner that was not possible previously. The method according to the invention offers better design properties and thus use properties for a veneered board.

Exemplary Embodiment 6

[0070] Water-Resistant Board with Digitally Printed Veneer:

TABLE-US-00007 Starting materials Veneer for the upper face: Thickness: 0.8 mm Type: Oak, natural, without knotholes Sheet of paper impregnated Paper weight: 25 g/m.sup.2 with synthetic resin: Resin application: 600% Synthetic resin: Melamine resin Additive: 2.7 g liquid digital printing ink/m.sup.2 black, aqueous, applied by means of spraying Carrier board: Board consisting of 55 wt. % melamine resin and 45 wt. % wood fibers Thickness: 5.8 mm Format: 2800 × 2060 mm Backing: Sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin, with veneer as outer layer Paper weight: 25 g/m.sup.2 Resin application: 600% (Top turned to the backing veneer) Type of veneer: Birch Thickness: 0.8 mm
Producing the Sheet of Paper Impregnated with Synthetic Resin

[0071] The sheet of paper is guided through an impregnation bath with liquid synthetic resin, in this case melamine resin. After impregnation, excess synthetic resin is removed by means of a scraper such that only a layer of synthetic resin sits on the upper face of the sheet of paper, which is now impregnated with synthetic resin. The upper face of the sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin consists of synthetic resin, in this case melamine resin. Subsequently, the additive, in this case digital printing ink, is applied in an amount of 2.7 g/m.sup.2 onto the still sticky synthetic resin.

[0072] The sheet of paper impregnated in this manner is dried to a VC value of approx. 6%. The drying takes place in known drying devices, e.g. in a tunnel drier, in which hot air nozzles blast the sheet of paper from the top and bottom and thus dry same. The dried sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin can now be stored until it is used.

[0073] The sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin for the backing can be produced in the same way as described above. It can therefore be produced without or with an additive. The sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin for the backing is also dried to a VC value of 6%. In exemplary embodiment 5, the backing consists of the sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin, with or without additive, and also of a veneer, usually an inexpensive veneer that forms the outer layer on the lower face of the veneered board.

Producing the Veneered Board

[0074] The backing, sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin, carrier board, sheet of paper impregnated with synthetic resin and the veneer are layered in order to form a stack of materials to be pressed.

[0075] The stack of materials to be pressed is introduced into an SC press (short-cycle press), where it is pressed at a temperature of 180° C. and a pressure of p=30 N/mm.sup.2 for a pressing time of 30 seconds. It can be pressed with a simple, smooth press plate. However, in this embodiment, textured press plates may also be used to provide texture. For example, a press plate with a wood texture may be used. The wood texture of the press plate was visible in the veneer. No visible layer of melamine resin had formed on the upper face of the veneer.

[0076] Subsequently, knotholes or veneer flaws (cracks etc.) were printed on the veneer at random using a digital printer. One imprint is present on at least each plank (1400×195 mm) which later is cut from the large format. The boards were then finished with a UV varnish or UV oil in the surface. The amounts applied were based on the desired use class. On the method according to the invention offers better design properties and thus use properties for a veneered board.

[0077] In general, it should be noted for the exemplary embodiments given above that the boards with the veneer surfaces can, of course, be used to produce wall or ceiling paneling. They can also be used to produce furniture.

[0078] In addition, this technology can also cover special applications in which product properties that were not achievable before with wood surfaces are required. These may be, for example, resistance to moisture, cleanability/disinfectability, scratch resistance, etc. By virtue of the method, a veneer/wood surface that has the properties of a melamine resin surface is obtained. Said surface is known for its good resistance to mechanical, chemical and thermal stresses. By controlling the flow of melamine resin, it is possible to achieve the properties of a melamine resin surface without it actually being visible. Specifically, when the melamine resin rises to the surface, the appearance of the veneer changes from wood-like, i.e. natural, to plastic-like. This effect is undesirable and is avoided here according to the invention. Some examples of possible applications include partitions in sanitary/changing areas, the vehicle sector, payment counters, outdoor furniture, etc. Of course, this list is not exhaustive and illustrates only some possible applications.