Bioactive Intraosseous Dental Implant

Abstract

An intraosseous dental implant for the application of biologically active agents directly to the surrounding soft tissues and bone tissue, and their substitutes, is described. The implant enables the measurement of the newly formed or lost bone tissue volume immediately adjacent to the implant. Increasing the dynamics of osseointegration growth directly results in the possibility of reducing the duration of the entire treatment protocol. To increase dynamics of the osseointegration process, the type of material from which the implant is made, its design features, surface topography, as well as the formation of layered structures and coating applications, are described. The implant introduces growth factors and other biologically active factors that affect an increase in the dynamics of osseointegration strength. The entire implant or a porous section thereof can be produced by 3D printing through selective melting/sintering of biocompatible metallic, ceramic, or metallic-ceramic composite powders with laser or electron beams.

Claims

1.-7. (canceled)

8. An intraosseous dental implant, comprising: a shaft having a central part, an upper part, and a lower part; a thread with a variable height and pitch arranged about the shaft; and at least two internal channels including a first internal channel that extends from an opening in the upper part for supporting an implant socket to an outlet at the lower part and a second internal channel that extends between the first internal channel and an outlet in the central part, wherein: in the central part, the shaft has a reduced diameter in relation to a diameter of the shaft in the upper part and the lower part, and a material of the shaft in the central part has an open porosity from 0.1% to 90% and a pore diameter in a range from 0.3 μm to 1000 μm,

9. The intraosseous dental implant according to claim 8, wherein the central part of the shaft has a reduced diameter of at least two different dimensions.

10. The intraosseous dental implant according to claim 9, wherein the first internal channel extends axially through the shaft.

11. The intraosseous dental implant according to claim 10, wherein the second internal channel extends from the first internal channel at an angle of 1-179 degrees with respect to the first internal channel.

12. The intraosseous dental implant according to claim 9, wherein the second internal channel extends from the first internal channel at an angle of 1-179 degrees with respect to the first internal channel.

13. The intraosseous dental implant according to claim 8, wherein the first internal channel extends axially through the shaft.

14. The intraosseous dental implant according to claim 8, wherein the second internal channel extends from the first internal channel at an angle of 1-179 degrees with respect to the first internal channel.

15. The intraosseous dental implant according to claim 8, wherein each of the at least two internal channels has a diameter in a range of 0.3-3000 μm.

16. The intraosseous dental implant according to claim 8, wherein the shaft has a cylindrical shape, a conical shape, or a cylindrical-conical shape.

17. The intraosseous dental implant according to claim 8, wherein at least one or the lower part or the central part has spiral recesses.

18. The intraosseous dental implant according to claim 17, wherein each of the spiral recesses has an outlet through a surface of the lower part.

19. The intraosseous dental implant according to claim 8, wherein the shaft is a solid shaft at the upper part, is a solid shaft at the lower part, and is a porous section at the central part.

20. The intraosseous dental implant according to claim 8, wherein the thread, in the upper part, is a continuation of the thread in the central part and the lower part and has a different height and pitch than the thread in the central part and the lower part.

21. The intraosseous dental implant according to claim 8, comprising: a bioactive layer based on calcium phosphate or an osseointegration-enhancing layer that covers at least a part of the shaft and the thread.

22. The intraosseous dental implant according to claim 8, wherein the second internal channel comprises three channels inclined to a main axis of the shaft at an angle of 60° and are arranged relative to a transverse axis of the shaft at angles of 240°, 120°, and 0°.

23. The intraosseous dental implant according to claim 8, wherein the second internal channel comprises four channels inclined to a main axis of the shaft at an angle of 45° and are arranged relative to a transverse axis of the shaft at angles of 90°, 270°, 180°, and 0°.

24. The intraosseous dental implant according to claim 8, wherein the thread in the lower part has a constant pitch and a constant edge thickness.

25. The intraosseous dental implant according to claim 8, comprising: two spiral recesses located along the shaft from the central part to respective endings through the lower part arranged relative to a transverse axis of the shaft at angles of 90° and 270°.

26. The intraosseous dental implant according to claim 8, wherein the thread located at the lower part and the central part has a variable pitch and a variable edge thickness, and the thread located at the upper part has a constant pitch and a variable thread height.

27. The intraosseous dental implant according to claim 8, wherein the central part has pores with a gradient size at an outer edge larger than a gradient size of pores towards an axis of the shaft.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

[0023] An implant according to embodiments of the invention is shown in the figures.

[0024] FIG. 1 shows an implant view.

[0025] FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section of the implant shown in the view in FIG. 1.

[0026] FIG. 3 shows a view of an implant according to Example A with cross sections.

[0027] FIG. 4 shows a view of an implant according to Example B with cross sections.

[0028] FIG. 5 shows a view of an implant according to Example C with cross sections.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Example A

[0029] The implant according to the invention shown in the embodiment in FIGS. 1-3 has a conical shape with a length of 11.5 mm. The solid shaft 1 has a thread 2. The solid upper part 3 of the implant has a length of 2 mm and an upper diameter of 3.75 mm, the central porous part 4 has a length of 5 mm, and the solid lower part 5 has a length of 4.5 mm. A portion of the thread 2 located in the lower part 5 and the porous part 4 has a variable pitch in the range of 1 to 2 mm and a variable edge thickness from 0.05 to 0.15 mm. In the upper part 3, the thread 2 has a constant pitch of 0.2 mm and a variable thread height from 0.01 to 0.125 mm. The porous part 4 has pores with a gradient size from 0.5 mm at the outer edge of the implant to 0.2 mm looking towards the implant axis. The porosity of the porous part 4 having pores with a gradient size of 0.5 mm is 52%, and the porosity of the porous part 4 having pores with a gradient size of 0.2 mm is 89%. The solid shaft 1 in the central porous part 4 has a diameter of 1.5 mm in the lower part and 2.5 mm in the upper part that forms an opening intended for supporting an implant socket 7. The lower part of the implant has two spiral recesses 6.

[0030] Along the main axis of the implant from the implant socket 7 to the extreme lower surface of the implant, there is a main supply channel 8 with a diameter of 0.4 mm and with an outlet 10. The lateral supply channels 9 extend from the main supply channel 8. Three channels of the lateral supply channels 9 are located in the central part 4 and are inclined to the main axis of the implant at an angle of 60°, are arranged relative to the transverse axis at angles of 240° (B-B cross-section), 120° (C-C cross-section), and 0° (D-D cross-section), and have respective endings 11 open in the porous area 4. Two side channels are located in the lower part 5 and are directed at an angle of 60° to the implant axis. The two side channels have an end 11 in spiral recesses 6 (one in each) and arranged in relation to the transverse axis at 0° and 180° (E-E cross-section). The implant is made by 3D printing from Ti6Al4V alloy powder (Grade 5).

Example B

[0031] The implant according to the invention shown in the embodiment in FIG. 4 has a conical shape and is 16 mm long. The solid shaft 1 has a thread 2. The solid upper part 3 of the implant has a length of 2 mm and an upper diameter of 5 mm, the central porous part 4 has a length of 8 mm, and the solid lower part 5 has a length of 6 mm. The lower part 5 and the porous part 4 have a thread 2 with a constant pitch of 1 mm and a constant edge thickness of 0.03 mm. In the upper part 3, there are recesses 12 of a trapezoidal shape with a depth of 0 to 0.2 mm. The porous part 4 has pores with a gradient size from 0.7 mm at the outer edge of the implant to 0.5 mm looking towards the implant axis. The porosity of the porous part 4 having pores with a gradient size of 0.7 mm is 69%, and the porosity of the porous part 4 having pores with a gradient size of 0.5 mm is 75%. The solid shaft 1 in the central porous part 4 has a diameter of 1.5 mm in the lower part and 2.5 mm in the upper part that forms an opening intended for supporting the implant socket 7. In the lower part 5 and the porous part 4, there are two spiral recesses 6.

[0032] Along the main axis of the implant from the implant socket 7 to the extreme lower surface of the implant, there is a main supply channel 8 with a diameter of 0.4 mm and with an outlet 10. The lateral supply channels 9 depart from the main supply channel 8, wherein four channels lateral supply channels 9 are located in the central part 4, are inclined to the main axis of the implant at an angle of 60°, are arranged relative to the transverse axis at an angle of 240° (B-B cross-section), 120° (C-C cross-section), 0° (D-D cross-section), and 240° (F-F cross-section). and have an ending 11 open in the porous area 4. Two of the lateral supply channels 9 are in the lower part 5 and are directed at an angle of 60° to the main axis of the implant, have an ending 11 in spiral recesses 6 (one in each), and are arranged in relation to the transverse axis at 0° and 180° (F-F cross-section). The implant is made by 3D printing from Grade 2 titanium powder.

Example C

[0033] The implant according to the invention shown in the embodiment in FIG. 5 has a conical shape with a length of 13 mm. The solid shaft 1 has a thread 2. The solid upper part 3 has a length of 2 mm and an upper diameter of 2.9 mm. The central porous part 4 is 6.5 mm long. The solid lower part 5 has a length of 4.5 mm. The lower part 5 and the porous part 4 have a double thread with a variable pitch in the range of 4 to 2 mm and a variable edge thickness from 0.04 to 0.1 mm. In the upper part 3 there are millings 13 with a semicircular shape, 0.05 mm deep and oriented perpendicular to the implant axis. The porous part 4 has pores with a gradient size from 0.5 mm at the outer edge of the implant to 0.2 mm looking towards the implant axis. The porosity of the porous part 4 having pores with a gradient size of 0.5 mm is 61%, and the porosity of the porous part 4 having pores with a gradient size of 0.2 mm is 83%. The solid shaft 1 in the central porous part 4 has a diameter of 1 mm with a thickening for supporting the implant socket 7 having a diameter of 2.2 mm. The lower part 5 has two spiral recesses 6. Along the main axis of the implant from the implant socket 7 to the extreme lower surface of the implant, there is a main supply channel 8 with a diameter of 0.4 mm and with an outlet 10. The lateral supply channels 9 depart from the main supply channel 8, wherein four of them are located in the central part 4 and are inclined to the main axis of the implant at an angle of 45°. The lateral supply channels 9 are arranged relative to the transverse axis at angles of 90° and 270° (B-B cross-section) and 0° and 180° (C-C cross-section) and have an open ending 11 in the porous area 4. Two of the lateral supply channels 9 are in the lower part 5 and are directed at an angle of 45° to the main axis of the implant, have endings 11 in spiral recesses 6 (one in each), and are arranged with respect to the transverse axis at angles of 90° and 270° (D-D cross-section). The implant is made by 3D printing from Al.sub.2O.sub.3 corundum ceramics.