TORSIONAL VIBRATION DAMPER WITH DISCRETIZED HUB

Abstract

The disclosed invention is a novel method for constructing a Torsional Vibration Damper (TVD). The traditional means used to construct the hub of the TVD was to employ a single material. The disclosed invention essentially discretizes the construction of the TVD hub into three regions: nose, spokes, and flange, and simultaneously aligns unique materials and manufacturing methods for each region with the structural loads borne thereby. Consequently, the invention helps in reduces four unwanted characteristics: (1) mass; (2) polar mass moment of inertia; and (3) casting scrap; and (4) cost. Furthermore, because of this construction other enhancements to the axial and angular structural integrity of the TVD can be reaped in certain cases.

Claims

1. A hub of a Torsional Vibration Damper (TVD), comprising: a nose including a first planar annular surface oriented perpendicular to the central axis of the TVD (CL); opposed by a second planar annular surface; bounded by a first cylindrical surface radially proximate to the CL; and a second axis-symmetric surface radially distal to the CL, further including a plurality of blind threaded holes that are radially oriented pointing towards the CL; a flange including a first annular planar surface oriented perpendicular to the CL, opposed by a second annular planar surface; bounded by a first axis-symmetric surface radially proximate to the CL; and a second axis-symmetric surface radially distal to the CL further including a plurality of counter bored holes radially oriented pointing towards the CL; spokes including a plurality of bolts the heads of which are received by the Counterbored or Countersunk (CB/CS) holes in the flange; the threads of which are engaged by the threaded holes in the nose; and the heads of which are partially machined off to create the continuous second axis-symmetric surface of the flange for receiving the elastomer.

2. The hub defined in claim 1 where the spokes include a plurality of shoulder bolts the heads of which are received by the CB/CS holes in the flange; the threads of which are engaged by the threaded holes in the nose; and the heads of which are partially machined off to create the continuous second axis-symmetric surface of the flange for receiving the TVD elastomer.

3. The hub defined in claim 1 where the spokes do not interfere with the axis-symmetric surface of the flange that receives the elastomer, and the heads of the bolts do not need to be machined off.

4. The hub defined in claim 2 where the spokes do not interfere with the axis-symmetric surface of the flange that receives the elastomer, and the heads of the shoulder bolts do not need to be machined off.

5. A TVD that includes the hub defined in claim 3 (counterbored holes only) and that further includes an elastomer band, and ring positioned radially outward from the hub and has features corresponding to the plurality of the heads of the bolts that allow the operational angular and axial movement of the ring with respect to the hub but enable a hard stop angularly and axially under high loads as a safety feature.

6. A TVD that includes the hub defined in claim 3 (counterbored holes only) and that further includes an elastomer band, and ring positioned radially inward from the hub and has features corresponding to the plurality of the heads of the bolts that allow the operational angular and axial movement of the ring with respect to the hub but enable a hard stop angularly and axially under high loads as a safety feature.

7. A TVD that includes the hub defined in claim 4 (counterbored holes only) and that further includes an elastomer band, and ring positioned radially outward from the hub and has features corresponding to the plurality of the heads of the shoulder bolts that allow the operational angular and axial movement of the ring with respect to the hub but enable a hard stop angularly and axially under high loads as a safety feature.

8. A TVD that includes the hub defined in claim 4 (counterbored holes only) and that further includes an elastomer band, and ring positioned radially inward from the hub and has features corresponding to the plurality of the heads of the shoulder bolts that allow the operational angular and axial movement of the ring with respect to the hub but enable a hard stop angularly and axially under high loads as a safety feature.

9. A hub of a TVD, comprising: a nose including a first planar annular surface oriented perpendicular to the central axis of the TVD (CL); opposed by a second planar annular surface; bounded by a first cylindrical surface radially proximate to the CL; and a second axis-symmetric surface radially distal to the CL, further including a plurality of blind holes that are radially oriented pointing towards the CL; a flange including a first annular planar surface oriented perpendicular to the CL, opposed by a second annular planar surface; bounded by a first axis-symmetric surface radially proximate to the CL; and a second axis-symmetric surface radially distal to the CL further including a plurality of counter bored holes radially oriented pointing towards the CL; spokes including a plurality of headed pins the heads of which are received by the CB/CS holes in the flange; the opposite ends of which are engaged via a press-fit by the holes in the nose; and the heads of which are partially machined off to create the continuous second axis-symmetric surface of the flange for receiving the elastomer.

10. The hub defined in claim 9 where the spokes do not interfere with the axis-symmetric surface of the flange that receives the elastomer, and the heads of the headed pins do not need to be machined off.

11. A TVD that includes the hub defined in claim 10 (counterbored holes only) and that further includes an elastomer band, and ring positioned radially outward from the hub and has features corresponding to the plurality of the heads of the headed pins that allow the operational angular and axial movement of the ring with respect to the hub but enable a hard stop angularly and axially under high loads as a safety feature.

12. A TVD that includes the hub defined in claim 10 (counterbored holes only) and that further includes an elastomer band, and ring positioned radially inward from the hub and has features corresponding to the plurality of the heads of the headed pins that allow the operational angular and axial movement of the ring with respect to the hub but enable a hard stop angularly and axially under high loads as a safety feature.

13. A hub for a TVD, comprising: a nose including a first planar annular surface oriented perpendicular to the central axis of the TVD (CL); opposed by a second planar annular surface; bounded by a first cylindrical surface radially proximate to the CL; and a second axis-symmetric surface radially distal to the CL, further including a plurality of blind holes that are radially oriented pointing towards the CL; a flange including a first annular planar surface oriented perpendicular to the CL, opposed by a second annular planar surface; bounded by a first axis-symmetric surface radially proximate to the CL; and a second axis-symmetric surface radially distal to the CL further including a plurality of counter bored threaded holes radially oriented pointing towards the CL; spokes including a plurality of partially threaded bolts the location of the threads being proximate to the head of the bolt the heads of which are received by the CB/CS holes in the flange; the threads of which are engaged by the threaded holes in the flange; the opposite ends of which are engaged via a press-fit or slip-fit by the holes in the nose; and the heads of which are partially machined off to create the continuous second axis-symmetric surface of the flange for receiving the elastomer.

14. The hub defined in claim 13 where the spokes do not interfere with the axis-symmetric surface of the flange that receives the elastomer, and the heads of the partially threaded bolts do not need to be machined off.

15. A TVD that includes the hub defined in claim 14 (counterbored holes only) and that further includes an elastomer band, and ring positioned radially outward from the hub and has features corresponding to the plurality of the heads of the partially threaded bolts that allow the operational angular and axial movement of the ring with respect to the hub but enable a hard stop angularly and axially under high loads as a safety feature.

16. A TVD that includes the hub defined in claim 14 (counterbored holes only) and that further includes an elastomer band, and ring positioned radially inward from the hub and has features corresponding to the plurality of the heads of the partially threaded bolts that allow the operational angular and axial movement of the ring with respect to the hub but enable a hard stop angularly and axially under high loads as a safety feature.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] FIG. 1 is a partial cross-section illustrating the structure of a conventional TVD.

[0015] FIG. 2 is a partial cross-section illustrating an embodiment of the invention where the ring is positioned radially outward from the hub.

[0016] FIG. 3 is an illustration of the process of constructing the invention.

[0017] FIG. 4 is a partial cross-section illustrating another embodiment of the invention where the ring is positioned radially outward from the hub and the spokes do not interfere with the surfaces that receive the elastomer.

[0018] FIG. 5 is a partial cross-section illustrating another embodiment of the invention where the ring is positioned radially inward from the hub and the spokes do not interfere with the surfaces that receive the elastomer.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The disclosed invention geometrically trisects the standard TVD hub and couples the structural demand of each resulting region with a corresponding material, and a practical method for manufacturing the same. The resulting device enables dramatic reduction of the mass and PMMI of the hub, while not compromising its structural integrity, NVH performance, and cost-effectiveness.

[0020] FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of the invention that comprises of hub 1a, ring 3, and elastomer 2. Here the ring 3 and elastomer 2 have not changed from those represented in FIG. 1, and therefore need not be discussed except with reference to their geometric positioning with respect to hub 1a. In this embodiment, elastomer 2 and ring 3 are positioned radially outward from the hub 1a.

[0021] Hub 1a includes three regions that are constructed using separate materials and manufacturing processes. At the radially proximate location to the TVD center-line is nose 11a including a first planar annular surface namely washer face 111a, opposed by a second planar annular surface namely back face 112a and bounded by a radially proximate cylindrical surface namely bore 113a, and a radially distal axis-symmetric surface namely seal 114a. Nose 11a also includes a plurality of holes 115 that may or may not be threaded (depending upon the type of fasteners used) acting as receivers for spokes 12a.

[0022] Extending radially outward from nose 11a are a plurality of spokes 12a connecting the distal radial periphery of nose 11a to the proximate radial periphery of the flange 13a, including but not limited to threaded bolts, partially threaded bolts, shoulder bolts, stepped or straight pins, hollow pins, spring pins, rivets, stakes etc. Spokes 12a may have a tensile preload on them (if they are threaded bolts, or shoulder bolts); a compressive preload on them (if they are partially threaded boltsthread being proximate to the head of the bolt); or no preload (if they are press-fitted solid or hollow pins).

[0023] At the radially distal location to the TVD centerline, is the flange 13a including a first annular planar surface 133a, opposed by a second annular planar surface 134a and bounded by a radially proximate axis-symmetric surface 131a, and a radially distal axis-symmetric surface 132a. Flange 13a also includes a plurality of radially oriented counterbored or countersunk (CB/CS) holes 135 that receive spokes 12a. The through holed portions of CB/CS holes 135 may be threaded if partially threaded bolts are usedthread being proximate to the head of the bolt); or non-threaded if standard bolts, shoulder bolts, or pins are used for spokes 12a. It must be appreciated that the radially distal axis-symmetric surface 132a after machining includes two materials (of spokes 12a and of flange 13a).

[0024] There are several possible embodiments that have been contemplated using different fastener types for spokes 12a. Furthermore, alternate embodiments may be contemplated where the spokes 12a are not vertically oriented, but oriented at an angle to produce hub 1a where the nose 11a and the flange 13a are axially offset with respect to each other.

[0025] The nose 11a can be constructed from any rigid material that can bear the compressive load of the crankshaft bolt that is tightened against the washer face 111a, and has adequate wear resistance for the front engine seal (at seal 114a). Most commonly this would be either Gray Iron or Nodular Iron. However, the manufacturing method may now incorporate billet machining (machining from bar stock) as a cost-effective alternative given the small size of this component. Billet machined Aluminum with a hardened Chrome Molybdenum Steel sleeve could also be used as an alternative material.

[0026] The spokes 12a usually experience a combination of reverse torsional and bending fatigue type loading in the application and must be constructed from a rigid strong material with some ductility. Such materials include but are not limited to Aluminums, Gray Irons, Nodular Irons, Steels, or even Composite materials such as Glass Reinforced Nylons. However, the most cost-effective option for the construction of spokes 12a is to use commercial grade Steel fasteners including but not limited to threaded bolts, partially threaded bolts, shoulder bolts, stepped or straight pins, hollow pins, spring pins, rivets, stakes etc.

[0027] The flange 13a is constructed from a relatively light but rigid material including but not limited to Aluminums, Gray Irons, Nodular Irons, Steels, or even Composite materials such as Glass Reinforced Nylons. Flange 13a is a lightly loaded structural component but is essential to support the elastomer 2 at a certain radial distance from the axial centerline of the TVD. Therefore, due to the nature of its geometric construction flange 13a the largest contributor to the parasitic mass and PMMI of hub 1a. Every effort must be made to make this component as light as possible without compromising its structural stability.

[0028] The resulting construction yields a dramatic reduction in mass and PMMI of the hub 1a when compared to its traditional counterpart hub 1 in FIG. 1. For example, the hub 1 in FIG. 1 when cast and machined completely out of Gray Iron (or Nodular Iron because it has the same density) has a mass of 0.483 kg and a PMMI of 769 kg-mm.sup.2; while the hub 1a in FIG. 2 which has the same geometric configuration where the nose 11a is constructed from Gray Iron (or Nodular Iron because it has the same density), the spokes 12a are constructed from standard steel bolts, and the flange 13a is constructed from Aluminum has a mass of 0.256 kg and a PMMI of 314 kg-mm.sup.2. This essentially shows a mass reduction of 47% and a PMMI reduction of 59% between a traditionally constructed hub and that disclosed by the invention. Though different configurations would yield different reductions, it can be safely assumed that mass reduction between 0% and 70% can be expected and PMMI reduction between 0% to 80% can be expected. Additionally, the invention will also yield reduction in casting scrap and cost.

[0029] FIG. 3 illustrates a method for constructing the invention. The process of manufacturing a finished hub 1a essentially consists of four stages followed by final assembly. These stages are illustrated via arrows from the left-hand top to the right-hand bottom of FIG. 3.

[0030] In the first stage the hub 1a starts off with three components: (1) the raw flange 13b which has associated machining stock on its outer-diameter surface; (2) the spokes 12a that comprise of a plurality of desired headed fasteners; and (3) a fully machined nose 11a with threaded or unthreaded holes 115 for receiving spokes 12a.

[0031] In the second stage, a series of radially oriented CB/CS holes 135 are machined into flange 13c. The through holed portions of CB/CS holes 135 may be threaded if partially threaded bolts are usedthread being proximate to the head of the bolt; or non-threaded if standard bolts, shoulder bolts, or headed pins are used for spokes 12a. This modified flange 13c is still not in its finished condition.

[0032] In the third stage the spokes 12a are installed into the counterbored holes in flange 13c and received by the receptacles 115 in nose 11a. The hub 1a is now in one piece.

[0033] In the fourth stage the hub 1a is machined on its radially distal periphery to obtain the desired geometry for receiving elastomer 2. Hub 1a thus transforms into its finished condition 1a.

[0034] Lastly, elastomer 2 is press-fitted in between hub 1a and ring 3 thereby completing the assembly of the TVD.

[0035] FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment of the invention where elastomer 2d and ring 3d are positioned radially outward from hub 1d. However, the spokes 12d do not interfere with surface 132d of hub 1d and with surface 31d of ring 3d; therefore, the requirement to machine surface 132d after assembly of the spokes 12d is essentially eliminated.

[0036] The construction of the nose 11d remains unaltered from the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2. Flange 13d may now have a plurality of tab like axial extensions that contain the CB/CS holes 135d, or just an extended axis-symmetric region without tabs that contains the CB/CS holes 135d. Correspondingly, ring 3d may have a plurality of openings through which the heads of the spokes 12d extend. This construction essentially creates an angular hard stop for preventing the slip of the elastomer along surfaces 31d and 132d under high torsional loading such as a Front End Accessory Drive (FEAD) lock. Furthermore, this construction also creates an axial hard stop for preventing the slip of the elastomer along surfaces 31d and 132d under high axial loading such as a vehicle collision.

[0037] FIG. 5 illustrates another embodiment of the invention where elastomer 2e and ring 3e are positioned radially inward to hub 1e. Such a construction is otherwise known as an Internal Mass TVD, or alternatively as a Direct-Drive TVD and is the preferred construction for Belt Start Generation (BSG) systems used in engine start-stop applications. Such vehicles require that the torque path from the FEAD to the crankshaft be directly through hub 1e, and not through the elastomer 2e which could potentially slip along surfaces 132e or 31e. However, the spokes 12e do not interfere with surface 132e of hub 1e and with surface 31e of ring 3e; therefore, the requirement to machine surface 132e after assembly of the spokes 12e is essentially eliminated.

[0038] The construction of the nose 11e remains unaltered from the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2. Flange 13e may now have a plurality of tab like axial extensions that contain the CB/CS holes 135e, or just an extended axis-symmetric region without tabs that contains the CB/CS holes 135e. Correspondingly, ring 3e may have a plurality of openings through which the heads of the spokes 12e extend. This construction essentially creates an angular hard stop for preventing the slip of the elastomer along surfaces 31e and 132e under high torsional loading such as a FEAD lock. Furthermore, this construction also creates an axial hard stop for preventing the slip of the elastomer along surfaces 31e and 132e under high axial loading such as a vehicle collision.