Sealant composition for releasable shingle

Abstract

A sealant composition for roofing shingles that includes a base asphalt, a linear and/or a radial copolymer, oil, and a wax is provided. The linear copolymer has an A-B di-block or an A-B-A tri-block structure. The radial copolymer may have an (A-B).sub.n radial structure, where n is at least 4, or a tri-block (A-B-A) radial structure having from 4 to 8 arms. Blocks A and B may individually represent (1) styrene and butadiene or (2) styrene and isoprene. The oil is a petroleum-based oil that both softens the asphalt and reduces the viscosity of the sealant composition. The wax may be a bis-stearamide wax. Additionally, the sealant composition may be reacted with elemental sulfur to crosslink the copolymer blend. The sealant composition seals at temperatures lower than conventional sealants and promotes the easy release of the shingle from a shingle bundle.

Claims

1. A composition for a sealant for a roofing shingle comprising: an asphalt-based material; at least 6.0 wt. % of a copolymer comprising a blend of at least one linear copolymer and at least one radial copolymer, said linear copolymer having an A-B di-block or an A-B-A tri-block structure and said radial copolymer selected from a block copolymer having an (A-B).sub.n radial structure where n is an integer of at least 4 and a block copolymer having a tri-block (A-B-A) radial structure having from 4-8 arms; 2.0 wt. % to 7.0 wt. % of an oil; and 0.2 wt. % to 5.0 wt. % of a bis-stearamide wax, wherein said composition seals and bonds shingles at temperatures as low as 40 F., and wherein said composition has a viscosity of no greater than 1,500 cP at 350 F.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein said sealant seals at temperatures lower than 135 F.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein said radial copolymer is selected from styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) radial copolymers and styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) radial copolymers; and wherein the copolymer forming said linear copolymer is selected from styrene-butadiene block copolymers and styrene-isoprene block copolymers.

4. The composition of claim 3, wherein said radial copolymer and said linear copolymer have a styrene content of less than 50%.

5. The composition of claim 1, wherein said oil is selected from petroleum-based oils, naphthenic oils, paraffinic oils and combinations thereof.

6. The composition of claim 1, further comprising up to 30% of one or more fillers selected from calcium carbonate, dolomite, wollastonite, talc and silica.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein: said asphalt-based material is present in said sealant composition in an amount from about 74.0% to about 90.5% by weight of said composition; said radial copolymer is present in said sealant composition in an amount from 3.5% to about 9.0% by weight of said composition; said linear copolymer is present in said sealant composition in an amount from about 2.5% to about 11.0% by weight of said composition; said oil is present in said sealant composition in an amount from about 2.0% to about 7.0% by weight of said composition; and said wax is present in said sealant composition in an amount from about 0.2% to about 5.0% by weight of said composition.

8. A composition for a sealant for a roofing shingle comprising: 74.0 weight % to 90.5 weight % of an asphalt-based material; a copolymer comprising a linear copolymer having an A-B-A tri-block structure; 4.0 weight % to 7.0 weight % of an oil; and 0.5 weight % to 2.0 weight % of a bis-stearamide wax, wherein said sealant composition has a viscosity of no more than 1,500 cP at 350 F.; and wherein said sealant composition seals and bonds shingles at temperatures as low as 40 F.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The advantages of these inventions will be apparent upon consideration of the following detailed disclosure of the invention, especially when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic top plan view of a front view of a shingle suitable for use in the present invention depicting the nail strip to which the sealant adheres;

(3) FIG. 2 is a schematic top plan view of the back side of the shingle of FIG. 1 depicting the positioning of the sealant and the release strip; and

(4) FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a pair of shingles used to form a stacked bundle of shingles for shipping and/or storing.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(5) Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. All references cited herein, including published or corresponding U.S. or foreign patent applications, issued U.S. or foreign patents, or any other references, are each incorporated by reference in their entireties, including all data, tables, figures, and text presented in the cited references. The terms sealant, sealant composition, adhesive sealant composition, inventive sealant, inventive sealant composition, asphaltic sealant composition and roofing sealant composition may be interchangeably used herein.

(6) The present invention relates to an asphaltic sealant composition for roofing shingles that includes a base asphalt, a linear copolymer and/or a radial copolymer, an oil, and a wax, and optionally one or more fillers. The adhesive sealant seals at temperatures lower than conventional sealants and permits the shingle to be easily removed from a packaged bundle of shingles. The inclusion of the wax in the asphaltic sealant composition permits the release of the shingle from the release tape of the adjacent shingle in the bundle without impacting the ability of the shingle to bond to another shingle when applied to a roof. Although the sealant effectively seals at higher roof temperatures, it may be particularly useful in winter applications and in cold, northern climates. In addition, the adhesive sealant provides good resistance to shingle lift-up and flexibility at lower temperatures, such as temperatures lower than or equal to about 40 F.

(7) The sealant contains, as one component, a base asphalt or other hydrocarbonaceous material. As used herein, the term asphalt is meant to include any of a variety of materials that are solid or semi-solid materials at room temperature that gradually liquefy when heated and are formed predominantly of naturally occurring bitumens obtained as residue in petroleum refilling. The base asphalt used in the inventive sealant composition is desirably a viscosity graded asphalt, such as AC-10 or AC-20, or a paving graded asphalt, such as PG58 or PG64, which are commercially available from British Petroleum and Conoco Philips. The base asphalt may be generally present in the sealant composition in an amount from about 74.0% to about 90.5% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the base asphalt may be present in the sealant composition in an amount from about 81% to about 88% by weight of the composition. As used herein, and unless defined otherwise, the phrase % by weight is meant to denote % by weight of the total sealant composition.

(8) As discussed above, the sealant composition contains a linear copolymer and/or a radial copolymer, each of which is described in detail below. The copolymers are thermoplastic and are selected for their ability to impart strength to the sealant at colder temperatures. As with conventional thermoplastic organic polymers, the copolymers used in the inventive sealant can be processed (i.e., melted and extruded) and can be repeatedly heated and cooled with no substantial loss in their properties, including elastomeric properties. Accordingly, the copolymers used herein substantially retain their properties when subjected to heating and cooling cycles. One particular advantageous feature is the ability of the copolymers to retain strength upon cooling the copolymers, which gives strength and flexibility to the sealant at colder temperatures.

(9) The adhesive sealant composition contains a linear copolymer having an A-B di-block or an A-B-A tri-block structure. In particular, the linear copolymer has a di-block content greater than 50%. Blocks A and B may individually represent (1) styrene and butadiene or (2) styrene and isoprene. Either block, A or B, may include more than one monomer. Additionally, each block segment may include 100 or more monomer units. The linear copolymer may have a styrene content of less than 50%, or from about 20% to about 40% styrene, or from about 20% to about 35% styrene. In some exemplary embodiments, the linear copolymer has a styrene/butadiene ratio of 33/67. In some examples the linear copolymer has styrene or polystyrene as the A block or end block units. Suitable copolymers include styrene-butadiene block copolymers and styrene-isoprene block copolymers. Specific, non-limiting examples include D1118K, a styrene-butadiene-styrene di-block copolymer, and D1113K, and D1119K, styrene-isoprene-styrene linear polymers with a high-di-block content (all are commercially available from Kraton). In some embodiments, the linear copolymer is a styrene-butadiene di-block copolymer, such as D1118K, commercially available from Kraton. The linear di-block copolymer may be present in the inventive sealant composition in an amount from about 2.5% to about 11.0% by weight of the composition. In other embodiments, the linear copolymer is present in the sealant composition in an amount from about 2.5% to about 6.5% by weight of the composition. In some exemplary embodiments, the linear copolymer may be present in the sealant composition in a greater amount, such as, for example, from about 10-14% by weight of the composition, or from 11.0-12.0% by weight.

(10) The radial copolymer may have an (A-B).sub.n radial structure, where n is an integer of at least 4, or from 4-20, or a tri-block (A-B-A) radial structure having from 4-8 arms. Block copolymers are well known and are described in numerous patents, including, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,738,884 to Algrim, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,824,880 to Algrim, et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 6,759,454 to Stephens, et al., each of which is incorporated by reference in their entirety. Similar to the linear copolymer, block A and/or B in the radial copolymer may include more than one monomer and each block segment may include 100 or more monomer units. Additionally, blocks A and B may individually represent (1) styrene and butadiene or (2) styrene and isoprene. It is desirable that the radial polymer have styrene or polystyrene as the A block or end block units. The radial copolymer may have a styrene content of less than 50%, or from about 20% to about 40% styrene, or from about 20% to about 35% styrene. In some embodiments, the styrene/butadiene ratio is 31/69.

(11) Exemplary radial copolymers include D4158K (includes 33% oil), D1184K, D1116K, and D1144K, all of which are styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) radial copolymers (commercially available from Kraton), and D1124K and D1126P, both of which are styrene-isoprene radial copolymers (commercially available from Kraton). In some embodiments, the radial copolymer is a styrene-butadiene radial copolymer, such as D4158K or D1184K (commercially available from Kraton). The radial copolymer may be present in the adhesive sealant composition in an amount from 0% to about 9.0% by weight of the composition. In exemplary embodiments, the radial copolymer may be present in the sealant composition in an amount from about 3.5% to about 7.0% by weight of the composition.

(12) When both a linear and a radial copolymer are present in the inventive sealant, the total amount of the radial copolymer and the linear copolymer present in the sealant composition may range from about 6.5% to about 14.0%, or from about 8.0% to about 11.0% of the total composition. Additionally, the ratio of radial copolymer to linear copolymer present in the adhesive sealant composition may range from 6:3 to 2:6 (radial copolymer:linear copolymer). In some embodiments, the ratio of radial copolymer to linear copolymer present in the sealant composition is 5:4.

(13) Another component present in the sealant composition is an oil. The oil can be any oil recognized in the art to enhance the softness of the asphalt in the adhesive sealant composition. The oil also aids in reducing the viscosity of the sealant composition. In general, the oil is added in an amount necessary to achieve a desired viscosity for the sealant composition and to improve low temperature bonding. The viscosity of the sealant composition desirably does not exceed approximately 1500 cps as measured by a Brookfield LVF Viscometer using spindle number 7 at 350 F. The oil utilized in the sealant composition may be a petroleum-based oil or other naphthenic or paraffinic oils identified by one of ordinary skill in the art. One particularly useful oil is HYDROLENE SP-125 petroleum-based oil, a severely solvent modified heavy petroleum oil commercially available from Sunoco, Inc. (CAS No. 63741-88-4). The oil may be present in the adhesive sealant composition in a total amount from about 2.0% to about 7.0% of the total sealant composition, or from about 4.0% to about 6.0%. It is to be appreciated that a portion of the total oil content may be derived from another component of the sealant composition, such as, for example, an oil-containing copolymer.

(14) A further component of the sealant composition is a wax. In some embodiments, the sealant composition is excessively aggressive at higher temperatures, such as temperatures above 110 F. It has been surprisingly and unexpectedly discovered that the addition of an ethylene bis-stearamide wax reduced high temperature aggressiveness without adversely affecting bonding performance. The wax may be a bis-stearamide wax. These waxes have a unique and surprising property of blooming to the surface of the sealant, such as the sealant bead. More specifically, after the sealant has been applied to the appropriate portion of the shingle and the sealant begins to cool, the wax blooms to the surface of the sealant bead and crystallizes, forming a waxy surface to the bead. The wax functions to reduce the overall amount of tack at the surface of the sealant. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the wax is an N,N-ethylenebis-stearamide wax commercially available from Lonza, Inc. In exemplary embodiments, the wax may be present in an amount from about 0.2% to about 5.0% of the total composition, from about 0.50% to about 3.0%, from about 0.5% to about 3.0%, or from about 0.6% to about 2.5%, or from about 0.7% to about 0.8%. In at least one embodiment, the wax is present in an amount of about 0.75% by weight of the total composition.

(15) In some exemplary embodiments, fillers may be added to any of the adhesive roofing sealant compositions. For example, up to about 30% by weight of a filler may be used. Suitable fillers include, but are not limited to, limestone (calcium carbonate), dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate), wollastonite, talc, silica, and others known to those skilled in the art. The filler may have a median particle size from about 5 microns to about 50 microns, or from about 10 microns to about 30 microns.

(16) One asphaltic adhesive roofing sealant composition is set forth in Table 1.

(17) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Components of Roofing Alternate % By Shingle Sealant % By Weight of Weight of Composition Composition Composition PG64-22.sup.(1) 74.0-85.8 79.0-83.5 Kraton 1111.sup.(2) 10.0-14.0 11.0-12.0 Hydrolene SP-125.sup.(3) 4.0-7.0 5.0-6.0 Lonza EBS Wax.sup.(4) 0.2-5.0 0.5-3.0 .sup.(1)performance grade asphalt (commercially available from British Petroleum and Conoco Philips) .sup.(2)styrene-isoprene-styrene tri-block copolymer (commercially available from Kraton) .sup.(4)petroleum-based oil (commercially available from Sunoco, Inc.) .sup.(5)N,N-ethylenebis-stearamide wax (commercially available from Lonza, Inc.)

(18) A second adhesive roofing sealant composition is set forth in Table 2.

(19) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Components of Roofing Alternate % By Shingle Sealant % By Weight of Weight of Composition Composition Composition PG58-22.sup.(1) 74.5-88.3 78.0-85.5 Kraton 4158.sup.(2) 5.55-8.55 6.3-7.8 Kraton 1118.sup.(3) 4.6-7.6 5.6-7.6 Hydrolene SP-125.sup.(4) 1.35-4.35 2.1-3.6 Lonza EBS Wax.sup.(5) 0.2-5.0 0.5-3.0 .sup.(1)performance grade asphalt (commercially available from British Petroleum and Conoco Philips) .sup.(2)styrene-butadiene radial copolymer containing oil (commercially available from Kraton) .sup.(3)styrene-butadiene di-block copolymer (commercially available from Kraton) .sup.(4)petroleum-based oil (commercially available from Sunoco, Inc.) .sup.(5)N,N-ethylenebis-stearamide wax (commercially available from Lonza, Inc.)

(20) A third adhesive roofing sealant composition set forth in Table 3. The inventive sealant compositions described herein can be reacted with elemental sulfur to vulcanize in situ. Table 3 depicts an exemplary composition containing a mixture of two linear copolymers (i.e., di-block and tri-block styrene-butadiene copolymers). After dispersion in the base asphalt and oil, the copolymer blend may be crosslinked with sulfur. The addition of the sulfur to polymer modified asphalts enhances dispersion stability and improves mechanical properties.

(21) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Components of Roofing Alternate % By Shingle Sealant % By Weight of Weight of Composition Composition Composition PG64-22.sup.(1) 77.9-88.9 82.3-85.9 Kraton 1101.sup.(2) 4.0-8.0 6.0-7.0 Kraton 1118.sup.(3) 2.5-5.0 2.5-3.5 Hydrolene SP-125.sup.(4) 4.0-7.0 5.0-6.0 Lonza EBS Wax.sup.(5) 0.5-2.0 0.5-1.0 Elemental sulfur 0.1-0.3 0.1-0.2 .sup.(1) performance grade asphalt (commercially available from British Petroleum and Conoco Philips) .sup.(2)styrene-butadiene-styrene linear tri-block copolymer (commercially available from Kraton) .sup.(3)styrene-butadiene di-block copolymer (commercially available from Kraton) .sup.(4)petroleum-based oil (commercially available from Sunoco, Inc.) .sup.(5)N,N-ethylenebis-stearamide wax (commercially available from Lonza, Inc.)

(22) Conventional mixing or blending techniques may be used to make the sealant composition. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the base asphalt is heated to a temperature of approximately 350 F. and the oil is blended into the molten asphalt. A blend of the radial copolymer and linear copolymer is added to the molten asphalt/oil to form a mixture. The mixture is then placed into a conventional milling apparatus where the polymers are sheared into smaller polymeric pieces. The mixture is ground in the milling apparatus for a period of time sufficient to mill (grind) the polymers to a size that is no longer visible to the naked eye when viewed as a thin film. The wax may be added to the asphalt/oil mixture after the polymeric blend is milled. The sealant composition is cooled for packaging and then melted for application to a shingle. It may be desirable to circulate and maintain the adhesive at an elevated temperature during processing and application to the shingles to aid in the prevention of phase separation.

(23) The sealant composition may be applied to any roofing shingle that is designed to be laid down in courses or layers, with at least a portion of successive layers of the shingles overlapping. The shingle may be any conventional shingle known in the art; however, more particularly suited shingles are those shingles made of glass fiber reinforced asphalt, such as, but not limited to, the shingles described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0042158 to Belt, et al. For instance, the shingle may be a granule covered roofing shingle having a lower tab portion, an upper headlap portion, a first end, and a second end. Such a shingle is suitable for installing on roofs end-to-end (or side-by-side) with similar shingles in overlapping longitudinal courses.

(24) A non-limiting example of a shingle containing the inventive sealant composition is illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. The shingle 10 may include a headlap portion 12, a tab portion 14, and a nail strip 16 positioned at the interface of the headlap portion 12 and the tab portion 14. In addition, the shingle has a front side, depicted in FIG. 1 and a back side, depicted in FIG. 2. In exemplary embodiments, the sealant composition 18 is applied to the back side of the tab portion 14. The sealant 18 may be applied to the shingle in any manner, and may take the form of a strip or a plurality of beads. A release strip or tape 20 (e.g., silicone coated polyester film) is positioned on the back side of the headlap portion 12.

(25) In use, the shingle 10 is placed on a roof (not shown) with the bottom side facing down towards the roof and is securely nailed to the roof by nailing or otherwise mechanically affixing the shingle 10 through the nail strip 16. A series of shingles 10 are placed on the roof in a horizontal manner across the roof to form a first course of shingles. A second course of shingles is then affixed to the roof by positioning these shingles over the first course of shingles such that the tab portion 14 of the shingles forming the second course overlaps the headlap portion 12 and nail strip 16 of the first course of shingles. The shingles forming the second course are then nailed to the roof though the nail strip 16 as described above. This process is repeated until the installer reaches the top of the roof. The sealant 18 adheres the tab portion 14 to the headlap portion 12 and/or the nail strip 16 of the shingle 10 in the course located directly below the shingle 10, thereby preventing lift off of the shingles 10 by high wind. In cases where there is an asphaltic coating to which the sealant adheres (not illustrated), the sealant also integrates into the asphaltic coating to provide a mechanical adhesion as well as an adhesion by the components forming the sealant composition.

(26) The sealant not only seals and adheres the shingles after placement of the shingles on the roof, the sealant improves the releasability of the shingles when the shingles are stacked or placed in a bundle, such as for shipping and/or storing. The shingles 10 within the bundle are positioned in pairs of two such that the sealant 18 lines up with the release tape 20 of a previously positioned shingle, as depicted in FIG. 3. In particular, the first shingle is positioned with the top surface 11 of the shingle facing downward and the bottom surface 13 facing upward (i.e., the shingle 10 is flipped upside down). A second shingle, with the top surface 11 facing upward, is rotated 180 so that the sealant 18 of the second shingle aligns with the release tape 20 of the first shingle, and vice versa. In other words, the second shingle is oppositely oriented with respect to the first shingle to prevent unwanted bonding of the shingles to each other within the bundle. The third shingle in the stack is placed in the same orientation as the first shingle so that the top surface of the second shingle is matched against the top surface of the upside down third shingle. The fourth shingle is placed in the same orientation as the second shingle such that the sealant 18 of each of the third and fourth shingles aligns with an opposing release strip on the opposing shingle. This process is repeated until enough pairs of shingles have been positioned to form the bundle for shipping and/or storing. These paired shingles may then be stacked and wrapped to form the shingle bundle.

(27) As discussed above, the sealant may be applied to the shingle in any manner, such as in a continuous strip or as a plurality of beads, dashes, other in some other discontinuous manner. The packaging or bundling of shingles having thereon conventional sealants may lead to severe sticking of the shingles inside the bundle, even in the presence of release tape. However, the inventive sealant improves the ability of a worker to release the shingle from the bundle with relative ease. The sealant functions within the package of shingles to prevent or reduce the occurrence of individual shingles adhering to each other within the bundle. Additionally, the adhesive improves flexibility and bonding, even at temperatures lower than or equal to about 40 F.

(28) The sealant composition of the present invention provides numerous advantages, such as, for example, the ability to provide a good initial bond during installation and to seal shingles at roof temperatures that are lower than conventional sealants. It is also advantageous that the sealant composition permits the shingle to be easily removed from the packaged shingle bundle. As discussed in detail above, the wax present in the sealant composition forms a waxy surface on the sealant, which allows for a quick and easy release from the release tape of the adjacent shingle in the package of shingles. The sealant formulation provides lower sealing temperatures than traditional sealants, and maintains excellent flexibility at low temperatures. Additionally, the wax causes the sealant composition to possess excellent bead shape retention compared to identical formulations with no wax additive. Also, the sealant composition has little or no toxicity or safety issues, and, as a result, no additional safety precautions or equipment are needed to apply the sealant to a roofing shingle.

(29) Having generally described this invention, a further understanding can be obtained by reference to certain specific examples illustrated below which are provided for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to be all inclusive or limiting unless otherwise specified.

Example

(30) Materials Required: Aluminum Panel (63) PET film (Cut into pieces 6 long) Small (66) heated press (w/1 mm shims) set @260 F. Adhesive Roller (10 pound) (preheated to 140 F.) Silicone Release Paper Oven @140 F. Refrigerator @40 F. (or variable down to 0 F.) Sealant or Adhesive (both unknowns and controls)

(31) Procedure:

(32) 20 g of molten adhesive was poured onto an 88 piece of silicone release paper such that the adhesive was on one half of the paper, not in the center (so the paper can be folded in half prior to pressing). The material was allowed to cool for at least 20 minutes. Next, the paper was folded in half so that one half of the paper covered the adhesive. The folded paper was then placed into a press and pressed until the shims were contacted. The material was permitted to sit in the press for approximately 1 minute. The pressure was then released and the paper was removed.

(33) The folded, pressed paper was placed into a refrigerator at approximately 40 F. for about 10 minutes to allow the adhesive to cool. Immediately after removing the paper from the refrigerator, the paper was cut into 4 strips having a size of 1 cm6 cm. The release paper was then removed from the cut strips. Next, two strips were placed on an aluminum panel about 5 mm from the edge. One piece of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film was centered over the adhesive strip such the edges of the film did not overlap the center of the panel. The panels were then placed into an oven, taking care not to remove the tape.

(34) After 30 minutes in the oven, one panel at a time was removed along with a pre-heated 10 pound roller. The roller was manually rolled over each strip (individually four times2 up and 2 back). This rolling process was repeated for all panels in the oven. Once the panels were pressed, the panels were all placed into the refrigerator at a pre-selected temperature for a period of not less than 12 hours and not more than 18 hours. The time for each panel was recorded. After the allotted period of time, each panel was removed and the tape was manually removed. Observations regarding the panel, tape, and releasability, as well as any other visual or physical observations of the inventive sealants, were noted and recorded.

(35) The releasability of the panels was rated on a scale of 1 to 5 as follows: 5: The tape showed strong bond showing no adhesive or cohesive failure. PET tape could not be removed 4: The tape showed initial bonding requiring some effort to pull apart. Once bond was broken, there was evidence of cohesive failure (some adhesive left on the tape). 3: The tape showed initial bonding requiring moderate effort to pull apart. Once the bond was broken, the tape showed adhesive failure. 2: The tape showed initial bonding requiring little effort to pull apart. Once bond was broken, the tape showed adhesive failure. 1: The tape showed no initial bonding. The tape peeled off with very little effort.

(36) The observation collected recorded are set forth in Table 5.

(37) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 5 Wax Level (%) Peel Strength Control 0 1 Adhesive 1 0 4 Adhesive 1 1.5 2 Adhesive 1 3.0 1 Adhesive 2 0 4.1 Adhesive 2 0.5 2.8 Adhesive 2 0.75 1.9 Adhesive 2 1.25 2.1 Adhesive 2 1.75 2.3 Adhesive 2 2.25 1.8 Adhesive 3 0 3.25 Adhesive 3 0.5 3.0 Adhesive 3 0.75 4.125 Adhesive 3 1.25 3.25 Adhesive 3 1.75 2.875 Adhesive 3 2.25 2.0 Adhesive 4 0 4.5 Adhesive 4 0.75 3.8 Adhesive 5 0 4.7 Adhesive 5 0.75 3.0

(38) The control adhesive is a standard sealant formulation that is much less aggressive compared to the inventive sealant formulation. This experiment was designed to simply describe the performance of several variations of the inventive sealant with respect to adhesion to a simple, unmodified polyester film. The temperature was lowered to allow for differentiation between sealants as well as to understand the impact of temperature on sealant flexibility. Although subjective, the experiment shows that aggressiveness toward the film can be modified substantially with addition of wax. In addition, visual inspection of the sealant strips containing the wax shows a significant reduction in glossiness of the surface as compared to the samples that did not contain wax, confirming the blooming of the wax to the surface of the adhesive strip.

(39) The invention of this application has been described above both generically and with regard to specific embodiments. Therefore, it is to be understood that a wide variety of alternatives known to those of skill in the art can be selected within the generic disclosure.