Polybenzoxazine precursor and method for preparing same
10266504 ยท 2019-04-23
Assignee
Inventors
- Hee Jin CHO (Yongin-si, KR)
- Do Kyung SUNG (Yongin-si, KR)
- Ki Hyun PARK (Yongin-si, KR)
- Sang Hun PARK (Yongin-si, KR)
- Hyun Soo Kagn (Yongin-si, KR)
Cpc classification
C08G61/122
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C08G2261/1644
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
International classification
C08G61/00
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
Abstract
Disclosed is a polybenzoxazime precursor and a method of preparing the same. The polybenzoxazime precursor is used to prepare a hardened material having improved thermal characteristics, having high thermal and flame-retardant characteristics while maintaining its excellent electrical characteristics, or having high thermal and electrical characteristics, thus being available for use in a copper clad laminate, a semiconductor encapsulate, a printed circuit board, an adhesive, a paint, and a mold.
Claims
1. A polybenzoxazine precursor comprising: a benzoxazine compound of the following Chemical Formula 1: ##STR00024## wherein n is an integer of 0 to 2, and R.sub.1 is ##STR00025## wherein the benzoxazine compound is comprised of at least 20% of the compound of Chemical Formula 1 of which n is 0 and remainder of the compound of Chemical Formula 1 of which n is 1 to 2.
2. The polybenzoxazine precursor of claim 1, wherein the precursor includes a self-hardened material obtained by opening an oxazine ring of the benzoxazine compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 to perform polymerization.
3. The polybenzoxazine precursor of claim 2, wherein the self-hardened material of the benzoxazine compound includes a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 2: ##STR00026## wherein R is ##STR00027## R.sub.1 is ##STR00028## n is an integer of 0 to 2, and n2 is an integer of 1 to 5.
4. The polybenzoxazine precursor of claim 1, wherein a weight average molecular weight is 500 to 5000 g/mol.
5. A method of preparing a polybenzoxazine precursor comprising polybenzoxazine compound of the following Chemical Formula 1: ##STR00029## wherein n is an integer of 0 to 2, and R.sub.1 is ##STR00030## wherein the benzoxazine compound is comprised of at least 20% of the compound of Chemical Formula 1 of which n is 0 and remainder of the compound of Chemical Formula 1 of which n is 1 to 2, comprising the steps of: (1) obtaining a phenol novolak resin by reacting a phenol-based compound with an aldehyde compound in the presence of an acid catalyst; and (2) reacting the obtained phenol novolak resin with an aldehyde compound and an amine compound incluidng allylamine or aniline.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the phenol novolak resin is represented by Chemical Formula 3, wherein a content of the phenol novolak resin represented by Chemical Formula 3that n is 0 is 65% or more ##STR00031## wherein n is an integer of 0 to 2.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the aldehyde compound is used in a content of 0.05 to 0.3 mol based on 1 mol of the phenol-based compound in the step (1), and the amine compound is used in a content of 1 to 3 mol and the aldehyde compound is used in a content of 1 to 5 mol based on 1mol of the phenol novolak resin in the step (2).
8. A hardened material of the polybenzoxazine precursor of claim 1.
9. The hardened material of claim 8, wherein the hardened material includes a self-hardened material of the polybenzoxazine precursor including a benzoxazine compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 where R.sub.1 is ##STR00032## and has a glass transition temperature of 190 C. or higher.
10. The hardened material of claim 8, wherein the hardened material includes a self-hardened material of the polybenzoxazine precursor including a benzoxazine compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 where R.sub.1 is ##STR00033## and has a glass transition temperature of 250 C. or higher.
11. A hardened material of the polybenzoxazine precursor of claim 2.
12. The hardened material of claim 11, wherein the hardened material includes a self-hardened material of the polybenzoxazine precursor including a benzoxazine compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 where R.sub.1 is ##STR00034## and has a glass transition temperature of 190 C. or higher.
13. The hardened material of claim 11, wherein the hardened material includes a self-hardened material of the polybenzoxazine precursor including a benzoxazine compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 where R.sub.1 is ##STR00035## and has a glass transition temperature of 250 C. or higher.
14. A hardened material of the polybenzoxazine precursor of claim 3.
15. The hardened material of claim 14, wherein the hardened material includes a self-hardened material of the polybenzoxazine precursor including a benzoxazine compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 where R.sub.1 is ##STR00036## and has a glass transition temperature of 190 C. or higher.
16. The hardened material of claim 14, wherein the hardened material includes a self-hardened material of the polybenzoxazine precursor including a benzoxazine compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 where R.sub.1 is ##STR00037## and has a glass transition temperature of 250 C. or higher.
17. A hardened material of the polybenzoxazine precursor of claim 4.
18. The hardened material of claim 17, wherein the hardened material includes a self-hardened material of the polybenzoxazine precursor including a benzoxazine compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 where R.sub.1 is ##STR00038## and has a glass transition temperature of 190 C. or higher.
19. The hardened material of claim 17, wherein the hardened material includes a self-hardened material of the polybenzoxazine precursor including a benzoxazine compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 where R.sub.1 is ##STR00039## and has a glass transition temperature of 250 C. or higher.
Description
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
BEST MODE
(7) Unless defined otherwise, all the technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meanings as would be generally understood by those skilled in the related art to which the present invention pertains. In general, the nomenclature used herein is well known and commonly used in the art.
(8) In the specification, when any portion includes any component, this means that the portion does not exclude other components, but may further include other components unless otherwise stated.
(9) The terms about, substantially, etc., as used herein, are intended to be taken to mean an approximation to a numerical value when presenting the preparation and material tolerances inherent in the meanings mentioned, and also to prevent disclosure content mentioning accurate or absolute numerical values from being misconstrued, thereby helping the understanding of the present invention.
(10) The present invention provides a polybenzoxazime precursor including a benzoxazine compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, wherein a content of the benzoxazine compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 is 20 to 100% when n is 0.
(11) ##STR00009##
(12) In Chemical Formula 1, n is an integer of 0 to 2, R.sub.1 is
(13) ##STR00010##
(14) Throughout the specification, the term polybenzoxazime precursor means a compound or a compound group that serves as a precursor for forming a thermosetting resin which is obtained using a ring-opening reaction of an oxazine ring and which is called polybenzoxazime. The polybenzoxazime precursor is defined to include only benzoxazine-based monomers, to include oligomers including the monomers and a repeating-unit structure on a main chain thereof, or to include a combination including a portion of self-hardened materials obtained by polymerizing the monomers or the oligomers while opening the oxazine rings thereof.
(15) Preferably, in order to improve electrical, thermal, and flame-retardant characteristics, a polybenzoxazime precursor according to an embodiment of the present invention may include the compound, which is represented by Chemical Formula 1, so that the content of the compound is at least 20% based on the total composition when n is 0.
(16) The percentage (%) is based on the peak area ratio of a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (Waters: Waters707), and specifically means the peak area ratio between monomer and polymer components when the precursor includes the polymer such as the self-hardened material throughout the present specification.
(17) The polybenzoxazime precursor according to the embodiment of the present invention may include also the compound of Chemical Formula 1 where n is 1 to 2, except the compound of Chemical Formula 1 where n is 0, and may include the self-hardened material as described above.
(18) In Chemical Formula 1, the self-hardened material is formed by polymerizing benzoxazine-based monomers or oligomers while the oxazine ring is opened.
(19) The self-hardened material, which is included in the polybenzoxazime precursor satisfying the above-described condition, may include a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 2.
(20) ##STR00011##
(21) In Chemical Formula 2, R is
(22) ##STR00012##
R.sub.1 is
(23) ##STR00013##
n is an integer of 0 to 2, and n2 is an integer of 1 to 5.
(24) In Chemical Formula 1, the compound of R.sub.1, which is a functional group resulting from an amine compound, and the self-hardened material thereof may correspond to Chemical Formulas 4 and 5 and Chemical Formulas 6 and 7, respectively.
(25) ##STR00014##
(26) In Chemical Formula 4, n is an integer of 0 to 2.
(27) ##STR00015##
(28) R is
(29) ##STR00016##
n is an integer of 0 to 2, and n2 is an integer of 1 to 5.
(30) ##STR00017##
(31) In Chemical Formula 6, n is an integer of 0 to 2.
(32) ##STR00018##
(33) In Chemical Formula 7, R is
(34) ##STR00019##
n is an integer of 0 to 2, and n2 is an integer of 1 to 5.
(35) The polybenzoxazime precursor may have a weight average molecular weight of preferably 500 to 5000 g/mol and more preferably 900 to 1800 g/mol in order to prevent delaying of hardening or crystallization during hardening, a reduction in workability due to the increased viscosity of the precursor or gelation of the precursor, and a reduction in compatibility with other resins.
(36) The weight average molecular weight may be defined by the converted value of the equivalent of polystyrene, determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
(37) The polybenzoxazime precursor according to the present invention may serve to provide a hardened material having thermal characteristics that are improved compared to those of a conventional polybenzoxazime precursor.
(38) Particularly, in Chemical Formula 1, when the polybenzoxazime precursor includes the compound where R.sub.1 is
(39) ##STR00020##
thermal and flame-retardant characteristics may be greatly improved while excellent electrical characteristics are maintained.
(40) Meanwhile, in Chemical Formula 1, when the polybenzoxazime precursor includes the compound where R.sub.1 is
(41) ##STR00021##
the polybenzoxazime precursor may serve to provide a hardened material having greatly improved thermal and electrical characteristics.
(42) The phenol novolak resin represented by the following Chemical Formula 3 may be used as a raw material to prepare the polybenzoxazime precursor of the present invention.
(43) ##STR00022##
(44) In Chemical Formula 3, n is an integer of 0 to 2.
(45) Specifically, the phenol novolak resin, including 65% or more of the compound of Chemical Formula 3 where n is 0, may be used as the raw material to prepare the polybenzoxazime precursor.
(46) More specifically, the polybenzoxazime precursor may be prepared using a method which includes the steps of (1) obtaining a phenol novolak resin by reacting a phenol-based compound with an aldehyde compound in the presence of an acid catalyst, and (2) reacting the obtained phenol novolak resin with an aldehyde compound and an amine compound including allylamine or aniline.
(47) Still more specifically, the phenol-based compound and the aldehyde compound are reacted in the presence of the acid catalyst to obtain the phenol novolak resin including 65% or more (GPC area %) of the compound of Chemical Formula 3 where n is 0. Subsequently, the obtained phenol novolak resin undergoes a condensation reaction with the aldehyde compound and the amine compound in the presence of a solvent, thus preparing the polybenzoxazime precursor containing benzoxazine in a maximum content of aromatics.
(48) As described above, the phenol-based compound and the aldehyde compound are reacted in the presence of the acid catalyst to obtain a phenol novolak resin including 65% or more (GPC area %) of the compound of Chemical Formula 3 where n is 0. When the content of the compound of Chemical Formula 3 where n is 0 is less than 65%, a viscosity may be increased or gelation may occur due to the rapid reactivity and the large molecular weight of the raw material during the preparation of benzoxazine.
(49) Water and the solvent generated during the reaction may be removed using a known method such as distillation.
(50) In the step (1), the aldehyde compound may be added in a content of 0.05 to 0.3 mol, and preferably 0.1 to 0.2 mol, based on 1 mol of the phenol-based compound. When the aldehyde compound is added in a content of less than 0.05 mol based on 1 mol of the phenol-based compound, the yield may be rapidly reduced. When the content is more than 0.3 mol, the synthesized phenol novolak resin may include 65% or less of the component of Chemical Formula 3, where n is 0.
(51) The phenol-based compound may be phenol or cresol.
(52) Further, the aldehyde compound is not particularly limited, but specific examples thereof may include one or more selected from the group consisting of benzaldehyde, anisaldehyde, 4-methylbenzaldehyde, 2-methoxybenzaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, 3,4-methylenedioxybenzaldehyde, 3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde, and 3-isopropoxy-benzaldehyde.
(53) Examples of the acid catalyst used in the step (1) may include one or more selected from the group consisting of para-toluene sulfonic acid, methyl sulfonic acid, boron trifluoride, aluminum chloride, and sulfonic acid.
(54) In the step (2), the amine compound may be added in a content of 1 to 3 mol, and preferably 1.5 to 2.5 mol, based on 1 mol of the phenol novolak resin, and the aldehyde compound may be added in a content of 1 to 5 mol, and preferably 2.5 to 4.5 mol, based on 1 mol of the phenol novolak resin.
(55) In the case where the amine is aniline, when amine is added in a content of less than 1 mol based on 1 mol of the phenol novolak resin, since a ring closure reaction does not occur, benzoxazine may be insufficiently reacted (a benzoxazine ring may be formed in an insufficient amount). When the content is more than 3 mol, since mind bridges are formed in an excessive amount, heat-resistant and flame-retardant characteristics may be reduced, gelation may occur due to secondary amine in a molecule thereof, or the molecular weight may be increased, thus reducing the compatibility with the resin.
(56) Meanwhile, in the case where the amine is allylamine, when the amine is added in a content of less than 1 mol based on 1 mol of the phenol novolak resin, since a ring closure reaction does not occur, benzoxazine may be insufficiently reacted (a benzoxazine ring may be formed in an insufficient amount). When the content is more than mol, since mind bridges are formed in an excessive amount, heat-resistant and electric characteristics may be reduced, gelation may occur due to the secondary amine in a molecule thereof, or the molecular weight may be increased, thus reducing compatibility with the resin.
(57) Further, when the aldehyde compound is added in a content of less than 1 mol based on 1 mol of the phenol novolak resin, since the reaction with the amine compound insufficiently occurs, the oxazine ring may not be formed and the heat-resistant characteristic may be reduced. When the content is more than 5 mol, an excessive amount of unreacted raw materials may remain in the product.
(58) Examples of the solvent used in the reaction may include aromatic hydrocarbon-based solvents such as toluene, xylene, and trimethylbenzene; halogen-based solvents such as chloroform, dichloroform, and dichloromethane; and ether-based solvents such as THF and dioxane. Preferably, the content of the solvent is 25 to 100 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the phenol novolak resin, the aldehyde compound, and the amine compound, and the content is 50 to 80 parts by weight when aniline is used as the amine.
(59) During the preparation of the polybenzoxazime precursor, when the content of the solvent is very low, the viscosity of the reactant is increased, thus increasing alternating stress and reducing workability. When the content is very high, the cost of solvent removal after the reaction may be uneconomically increased. Further, when the solvent is not appropriately selected and the mixing reaction is not performed as desired, the raw materials do not readily participate in the reaction, thus reducing the yield.
(60) The prepared polybenzoxazime precursor may include 20 to 100% of the component of Chemical Formula 1 where n is 0.
(61) The embodiment of the present invention may provide the hardened material of the polybenzoxazime precursor. The hardened material may have improved thermal characteristics compared to a hardened material derived from a conventional benzoxazine compound.
(62) Particularly, when the hardened material is obtained from a polybenzoxazime precursor including 20% or more of the compound represented by Chemical Formula 4 where n is 0, the hardened material may have high thermal and flame-retardant characteristics while maintaining excellent electrical characteristics, thus being available for use in a copper clad laminate, a semiconductor encapsulant, a printed circuit board, an adhesive, a paint, and a mold.
(63) Meanwhile, when the hardened material is obtained from the polybenzoxazime precursor including 20% or more of the compound represented by Chemical Formula 6 where n is 0, the hardened material may have high thermal and electrical characteristics, thus being available for use in a copper clad laminate, a semiconductor encapsulant, a printed circuit board, an adhesive, a paint, and a mold.
(64) Throughout the specification, the term hardened material may not only mean the self-hardened material of the single polybenzoxazime precursor but may also include the hardened material including the polybenzoxazime precursor resin and other resin-based compositions mixed therein.
(65) Mode for Invention
(66) A better understanding of the present invention may be obtained through the following Examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the present invention.
EXAMPLE 1
(67) 1-1: Preparation of Polybenzoxazime Precursor
(68) 202.97 g of benzaldehyde and 1200.0 g of phenol were added at 40 C., and were reacted under a para-toluene sulfonic acid catalyst, which was an acid catalyst, at 130 C. for 5 hours, thus obtaining a phenol novolak resin containing 75.02% of 4,4-(phenylmethylene)diphenol (GPC area %) and 24.98% of the following compound where n is 1 to 2 (Chemical Formula 3) as the residue.
(69) The structure of the obtained phenol novolak resin was confirmed using a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis method (.sup.1H-NMR). The result is shown in
(70) An Avance 500, manufactured by Bruker Co., Ltd. was used as the NMR equipment during NMR analysis.
(71) ##STR00023##
(72) Next, 500 g (1.8094 mol) of the synthesized phenol novolak resin and 222.8 g of toluene were added to a 3 L three-neck flask subjected to purging using nitrogen. 168.51 g (1.8094 mol) of aniline and 271.69 g (3.6189 mol) of a formaldehyde aqueous solution (40%) were added thereto. After the completion of addition, the temperature of the reaction solution was increased to 100 C. at a heating rate of 1.3 C./min, and the reaction solution was then agitated for 5 hours. Subsequently, the temperature was increased to 120 C., and a solvent was completely removed under pressure of 10 torr for 60 min, thus preparing 708 g of a polybenzoxazime precursor having a weight average molecular weight of 652 g/mol (the polybenzoxazime precursor included the component represented by Chemical Formula 4 where n was 0 to 2 and the content of the component of Chemical Formula 4 was 45.9% when n was 0). The yield was 99% (based on a theoretical yield according to the equivalence ratio of the reaction solution). The above-described % is the percentage of the peak area ratio (the ratio of monomer and polymer components) of a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (Waters: Waters707).
(73) The structure of the polybenzoxazime precursor thus obtained was confirmed using a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis method (.sup.1H-NMR). The result is shown in
(74) Meanwhile, molecular weight data of the polybenzoxazime precursor were analyzed using a GPC (gel permeation chromatograph, Waters: Waters707), and the result is shown in
(75) From the result of
(76) 1-2: Preparation of Hardened Material
(77) The polybenzoxazime precursor obtained in Example 1-1 was added to an aluminum plate having a diameter of 30 mm, and was self-hardened at 220 C. for 2 hours, thus preparing a sheet-type hardened material having a thickness of 1.5 mm.
EXAMPLE 2
(78) 2-1: Preparation of Polybenzoxazime Precursor
(79) 197.33 g of benzaldehyde and 1250 g of phenol were added at 40 C. and were reacted under a para-toluene sulfonic acid catalyst, which was an acid catalyst, at 130 C. for 4 hours, thus obtaining a phenol novolak resin containing 75.27% of 4,4-(phenylmethylene)diphenol (GPC area %) and 24.73% of the compound represented by Chemical Formula 3, where n was 1 to 2, as the residue.
(80) Next, 500 g (3.5262 mol) of the synthesized phenol novolak resin and 276.1 g of toluene were added to a 3 L three-neck flask subjected to purging using nitrogen. 328.39 g (3.5262 mol) of aniline and 529.46 g (7.0524 mol) of a formaldehyde aqueous solution (40%) were added thereto. After the completion of addition, the temperature of the reaction solution was increased to 100 C. at a heating rate of 1.3 C./min, and the reaction solution was then agitated for 5 hours. Subsequently, the temperature was increased to 130 C. and a solvent was completely removed under a pressure of 10 torr for 60 min, thus preparing 905 g of a polybenzoxazime precursor having a weight average molecular weight of 889 g/mol (the polybenzoxazime precursor included the component represented by Chemical Formula 4 where n was 0 to 2 and the content of the component of Chemical Formula 4 was 34.57% when n was 0). The yield was 99% (based on a theoretical yield according to the equivalence ratio of the reaction solution). The above-described % is the percentage of the peak area ratio (the ratio of monomer and polymer components) of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (Waters: Waters707).
(81) The structure of the obtained polybenzoxazime precursor was confirmed using infrared spectroscopy. The result is shown in
(82) From
(83) Meanwhile, the molecular weight data of the polybenzoxazime precursor were analyzed using a GPC (gel permeation chromatograph, Waters: Waters707) (not shown). A broad peak indicating a high molecular weight was observed at a retention time of about 30 min. Thereby, it was considered that the self-hardened material of the compound represented by Chemical Formula 4, that is, the compound represented by Chemical Formula 5, was formed.
(84) 2-2: Preparation of Hardened Material
(85) The polybenzoxazime precursor obtained in Example 2-1 was added to an aluminum plate having a diameter of 30 mm, and was self-hardened at 1220 C. for 2 hours, thus preparing a sheet-type hardened material having a thickness of 1.5 mm.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1
(86) 1-1: Preparation of Polybenzoxazime Precursor
(87) 484.2 g of toluene was added to a 3 L three-neck flask subjected to purging using nitrogen. 652.71 g (2.0 mol) of aniline and 800 g (1 mol) of bisphenol A were added thereto. After the completion of the addition, the temperature of the reaction solution was increased to 100 C. at a heating rate of 1.3 C./min, and the reaction solution was then agitated for 5 hours. Subsequently, the temperature was increased to 120 C., and a solvent was completely removed under pressure of 10 torr for 60 min, thus preparing 1500 g of a polybenzoxazime precursor having a weight average molecular weight of 698 g/mol. The benzoxazine-based compound that was obtained included 54.26% (GPC area %) of a benzoxazine monomer, and a yield was 92% (based on a theoretical yield according to the equivalence ratio of the reaction solution). The above-described % is the percentage of the peak area ratio (the ratio of monomer and polymer components) obtained through gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (Waters: Waters707).
(88) 1-2: Preparation of Hardened Material
(89) The polybenzoxazime precursor obtained in Comparative Example 11 was added to an aluminum plate having a diameter of 30 mm, and was self-hardened at 220 C. for 3 hours, thus preparing a sheet-type hardened material having a thickness of 1.5 mm.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2
(90) 2-1: Preparation of Polybenzoxazime Precursor
(91) 514.7 g of toluene was added to a 3 L three-neck flask subjected to purging using nitrogen. 744.18 g (2.0 mol) of aniline and 800 g (1 mol) of bisphenol F were added thereto. After the completion of the addition, the temperature of the reaction solution was increased to 100 C. at a heating rate of 1.3 C./min, and the reaction solution was then agitated for 5 hours. Subsequently, the temperature was increased to 120 C., and a solvent was completely removed under pressure of 10 torr for 60 min, thus preparing 945 g of a polybenzoxazime precursor having a weight average molecular weight of 1240 g/mol. The polybenzoxazime precursor that was obtained included 22.58% (GPC area %) of a benzoxazine monomer, and a yield was 93% (based on a theoretical yield according to the equivalence ratio of the reaction solution). The above-described % is the percentage of the peak area ratio (the ratio of monomer and polymer components) of a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (Waters: Waters707).
(92) 2-2: Preparation of Hardened Material
(93) The polybenzoxazime precursor obtained in Comparative Example 2-1 was added to an aluminum plate having a diameter of 30 mm, and was self-hardened at 220 C. for 2 hours, thus preparing a sheet-type hardened material having a thickness of 1.5 mm.
(94) 1-2: Preparation of Hardened Material
(95) The polybenzoxazime obtained in Comparative Example 1-1 was added to an aluminum plate having a diameter of 30 mm and was self-hardened at 220 C. for 3 hours, thus preparing a sheet-type hardened material having a thickness of 1.5 mm.
(96) The molecular weights of the polybenzoxazime precursors prepared in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were measured using the following method, and the results are described in the following Table 1.
(97) <Measurement of Molecular Weight>
(98) The weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the converted equivalent of polystyrene were obtained via gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (Waters: Waters707). The sample to be measured was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran so that the concentration was 4000 ppm, and the resulting solution was injected in an amount of 100 l into the GPC. Tetrahydrofuran was used as the mobile phase of the GPC and was added at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and analysis was performed at 35 C. Four columns of Waters HR-05, 1, 2, and 4E were connected in series. As for the detector, RI and PAD detectors were used in measurement at 35 C.
(99) Meanwhile, the glass transition temperature, the thermal decomposition temperature (Td), the flame retardancy, and the permittivity of the hardened materials prepared in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were measured using the following methods, and the results are described in the following Table 1.
(100) <Measurement of Glass Transition Temperature (Tg)>
(101) 10 mg of each of the hardened materials prepared in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was measured using a TA Instruments DSC Q2000 as a DSC (differential scanning calorimeter) while being heated from 30 C. to 350 C. at a heating rate of 20 C./min.
(102) <Measurement of Flame Retardancy>
(103) The flame retardancy of the hardened materials prepared in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was evaluated according to a UL-94 method.
(104) <Measurement of Permittivity>
(105) The permittivity (Dk) and the dielectric tangent (Df) of the hardened material were measured using an impedance analyzer (Agilent E4991A 1 MHz to 3 GHz) manufactured by Agilent company under the following conditions.
(106) Measured frequency: 1 GHz
(107) Measured temperature: 25 to 27 C.
(108) Measured humidity: 45 to 55%
(109) Measured sample: thickness 1.5 mm (1.3 to 1.7 mm)
(110) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Permittivity Flame (Dk)/dielectric Mn/Mw Tg retardancy tangent Classification (g/mol) ( C.) (UL94-V0) (Df) Example 1 514/652 203 V0 3.28/0.01 Example 2 757/889 205 V0 3.22/0.01 Comparative 520/698 170.48 impossible 3/0.01 Example 1 to measure (burns) Comparative 571/1240 173.7 V1 3.45/0.015 Example 2
(111) As seen from Table 1, the permittivity values of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were similar to each other, but the glass transition temperature and the flame retardancy were higher in Examples 1 and 2 than in Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Accordingly, in Examples 1 and 2, thermal and flame-retardant characteristics were excellent, and in the case of Comparative Example 1, since the hardened material was burnt during the measurement process, the result of measurement could not be obtained.
EXAMPLE 3
(112) 3-1: Preparation of Polybenzoxazime Precursor
(113) 202.97 g of benzaldehyde and 1200.0 g of phenol were added at 40 C., and were reacted under a para-toluene sulfonic acid catalyst, which was an acid catalyst, at 130 C. for 5 hours, thus obtaining a phenol novolak resin containing 77.14% (GPC area %) of the compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 3, where n was 0, and 22.86% of the compound represented by Chemical Formula 3, where n was 1 to 2, as the residue.
(114) Next, 500 g (1.7665 mol) of the synthesized phenol novolak resin and 609.3 g of toluene were added to a 3 L three-neck flask subjected to purging using nitrogen. 201.70 g (3.5331 mol) of allylamine and 530.49 g (7.0661 mol) of a formaldehyde aqueous solution (40%) were added thereto. After the completion of addition, the temperature of the reaction solution was increased to 100 C. at a heating rate of 1.3 C./min, and the reaction solution was then agitated for 5 hours. Subsequently, the temperature was increased to 120 C., and a solvent was completely removed under pressure of 10 torr for 60 min, thus preparing 787 g of a polybenzoxazime precursor having a weight average molecular weight of 1420 g/mol (the polybenzoxazime precursor included the component represented by Chemical Formula 6 where n was 0 to 2 and the content of the component of Chemical Formula 6 was 30.7% when n was 0). A yield was 99% (based on a theoretical yield according to the equivalence ratio of the reaction solution). The above-described % is the percentage of the peak area ratio (the ratio of monomer and polymer components) obtained through gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (Waters: Waters707).
(115) The structure of the obtained benzoxazine was confirmed using a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis method (.sup.1H-NMR). The result is shown in
(116) Meanwhile, molecular weight data of the polybenzoxazime precursor were analyzed using a GPC (gel permeation chromatograph, Waters: Waters707) (not shown). A broad peak indicating a high molecular weight was observed at a retention time of about 30 min. Thereby, it was considered that the self-hardened material of the compound represented by Chemical Formula 5, that is, the compound represented by Chemical Formula 7, was formed.
(117) 3-2: Preparation of Hardened Material
(118) The polybenzoxazime precursor obtained in Example 3-1 was added to an aluminum plate having a diameter of 30 mm, and was self-hardened at 220 C. for 2 hours, thus preparing a sheet-type hardened material having a thickness of 1.5 mm.
EXAMPLE 4
(119) 4-1: Preparation of Polybenzoxazime Precursor
(120) 197.33 g of benzaldehyde and 1250 g of phenol were added at 40 C., and were reacted under a para-toluene sulfonic acid catalyst, which was an acid catalyst, at 130 C. for 4 hours, thus obtaining a phenol novolak resin containing 75.27% (GPC area %) of the compound represented by Chemical Formula 3 where n was 0 and 24.73% of the compound represented by Chemical Formula 3 where n was 1 to 2 as the residue.
(121) Next, 500 g (1.7665 mol) of the synthesized phenol novolak resin and 609.3 g of toluene were added to a 3 L three-neck flask subjected to purging using nitrogen. 201.70 g (3.5331 mol) of allylamine and 530.49 g (7.0661 mol) of a formaldehyde aqueous solution (40%) were added thereto. After the completion of addition, the temperature of the reaction solution was increased to 100 C. at a heating rate of 1.3 C./min, and the reaction solution was then agitated for 5 hours. Subsequently, the temperature was increased to 120 C., and a solvent was completely removed under pressure of 10 torr for 60 min, thus preparing 781 g of a polybenzoxazime precursor having a weight average molecular weight of 1264 g/mol (the polybenzoxazime precursor included the component represented by Chemical Formula 6 where n was 0 to 2 and the content of the component of Chemical Formula 6 was 32.7% when n was 0). The yield was 99% (based on a theoretical yield according to the equivalence ratio of the reaction solution). The above-described % is the percentage of the peak area ratio (the ratio of monomer and polymer components) obtained through gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (Waters: Waters707).
(122) The structure of the obtained benzoxazine monomer was confirmed using infrared spectroscopy. The result is shown in
(123) Meanwhile, molecular weight data of the polybenzoxazime precursor were analyzed using a GPC (gel permeation chromatograph, Waters: Waters707) (not shown). A broad peak indicating a high molecular weight was observed at a retention time of about 30 min. Thereby, it was considered that the self-hardened material of the compound represented by Chemical Formula 5, that is, the compound represented by Chemical Formula 7, was formed.
(124) 4-2: Preparation of Hardened Material
(125) The polybenzoxazime obtained in Example 4-1 was added to an aluminum plate having a diameter of 30 mm, and was self-hardened at 1220 C. for 2 hours, thus preparing a sheet-type hardened material having a thickness of 1.5 mm.
(126) The molecular weights of the polybenzoxazime precursors of Examples 3 and 4 were measured using the above-described method, and the results are described in the following Table 2 for comparison with the results of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
(127) Meanwhile, the flame retardancy and the permittivity of the hardened materials prepared in Examples 3 and 4 were measured using the above-described method, and the results are described in the following Table 2 for comparison with the results of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
(128) However, the glass transition temperature was measured using the following method, and the result is described in the following Table 2.
(129) <Measurement of Glass Transition Temperature (Tg)>
(130) Since it was difficult to confirm the Tg of the hardened materials prepared in Examples 3 and 4 using the DSC due to the structure thereof, Tg was measured using DMA (dynamic mechanical analysis).
(131) Therefore, the hardened materials prepared in Examples 3 and 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were measured in terms of Tg using a TA Instruments DMA Q800 while being heated from 30 C. to 350 C. at a heating rate of 3 C./min.
(132) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Dielectric Mn/Mw Tg Td 5 Permittivity tangent Classification (g/mol) ( C.) ( C.) (Dk) (Df) Example 3 668/1420 302 351.7 2.95 0.0020 Example 4 638/1264 298 349.4 2.98 0.0025 Comparative 520/698 198.7 314.6 3.00 0.0100 Example 1 Comparative 571/1240 195.9 318.2 3.45 0.0150 Example 2
(133) As seen from Table 2, the Tg and Td values were higher in Examples 3 and 4 than in Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Accordingly, Examples 3 and 4 exhibited excellent thermal characteristics. Particularly, in Examples 3 and 4, the permittivity (Dk) and the dielectric tangent (Df) were low when measured, and accordingly the electrical characteristics were excellent.
(134) All simple modifications or variations of the present invention may be easily performed by those skilled in the art, and may be incorporated in the scope of the present invention. Invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims.