Bolt connection and swivel lever with bolt connection for construction machine

Abstract

The invention relates to a bolt connection with a bearing bolt, in particular for a construction machine, in particular for underground engineering and for a swivel lever, in particular for a construction machine, which connects a first component and a second component pivotably to each other, wherein the bearing bolt extends through at least one first bearing eye on the first component and at least one second bearing eye on the second component, and wherein the bearing bolt can be driven, for releasing the connection, on an exit side out of the first bearing eye and the second bearing eye. At the exit side a protective receptacle is arranged, which is designed to receive and hold the driven-out bearing bolt.

Claims

1. Bolt connection with a single bearing bolt, which connects a first component and a second component pivotably to each other, wherein the bearing bolt extends through at least one first bearing eye on the first component and at least one second bearing eye on the second component, and wherein the bearing bolt, for releasing the connection, can be driven at an exit side out of the first bearing eye and the second bearing eye, wherein a protective receptacle is arranged on the exit side, which comprises a housing for preventing the bearing bolt from falling out and is designed to receive and accommodate the driven-out bearing bolt, an adjusting body is fixed at a front end of the bearing bolt and is arranged in the protective receptacle, the adjusting body is designed to change the position of the bearing bolt between the bolt connection and the protective receptacle, the adjusting body is arranged axially with respect to the bearing bolt, and the housing has an opening through which the adjusting body extends out of the housing of the protective receptacle.

2. Bolt connection according to claim 1, wherein the bearing bolt is arranged, after release of the connection, in the protective receptacle coaxially to the first bearing eye.

3. Bolt connection according to claim 1, wherein the bearing bolt is designed as a step bolt and has an area with a smaller diameter, which is formed at a side facing away from the protective receptacle, and has an area with a larger diameter, which is formed at a side facing towards the protective receptacle.

4. Bolt connection according to claim 1, wherein a position-securing means is arranged on the bolt connection, which can be moved radially to the bearing bolt.

5. Bolt connection according to claim 1, wherein a position-securing means has a pin lock, which engages in a positive locking way in a recess on the bearing bolt.

6. Bolt connection according to claim 1, wherein a hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the adjusting body, by means of which the adjusting body can be changed in its position.

7. Bolt connection according to claim 1, wherein a first position sensor is provided on the bolt connection, which is designed to determine the position of the bearing bolt in the bolt connection.

8. Bolt connection according to claim 1, wherein a second position sensor is provided on the bolt connection, which is designed to determine a coaxial position of the at least one first bearing eye relative to the at least one second bearing eye.

9. Bolt connection according to claim 8, wherein the second position sensor is connected to a control module, which is designed to release the bearing bolt, only after a coaxial orientation of the at least one first bearing eye and the at least one second bearing eye, for a movement of the bearing bolt to the bolt connection.

10. Construction machine for underground engineering, wherein at least one bolt connection according to claim 1 is provided.

11. Construction machine for underground engineering, wherein a mast is pivotably attached to a support device with the at least one bolt connection according to claim 1 is provided.

12. Swivel lever for a construction machine for underground engineering, which is designed to receive actuating cylinders for holding a mast, wherein at least one bolt connection according to claim 1 is provided.

13. Bolt connection according to claim 1, wherein a first area of the bearing bolt has a first diameter, a second area of the bearing bolt has a second diameter, and the first diameter is greater than the second diameter.

14. Bolt connection according to claim 13, wherein a third area of the bearing bolt has a third diameter, and the second diameter is greater than the third diameter.

15. Bolt connection according to claim 14, wherein a fourth area of the bearing bolt has a fourth diameter, the third diameter is the same as the fourth diameter.

16. Bolt connection according to claim 14, wherein a fourth area of the bearing bolt has a fourth diameter, the third diameter is greater than the fourth diameter.

Description

(1) The invention will be explained in further detail below by reference to the attached, schematic drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a bearing bolt for a bolt connection according to the invention,

(3) FIG. 2 shows an open bolt connection according to the invention with protective receptacle with a bearing bolt in a first position,

(4) FIG. 3 shows a closed bolt connection according to the invention with protective receptacle with a bearing bolt in a second position,

(5) FIG. 4 shows a swivel lever with two bolt connections according to the invention.

(6) FIG. 1 shows a bearing bolt 10 for a bolt connection 20 according to the invention, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. This can have a conical area 11 which can be provided in a front area of the bearing bolt. Along the bearing bolt 10, a cylindrical area 15 can be attached to the conical area 11, which can form, together with the conical area 11, a top area of the bearing bolt 10. The bearing bolt 10 can have a base body, which can be formed in particular in three parts. Such a bearing bolt base body formed in three parts can have a first area 16, which is provided at a rear end 12 of the bearing bolt 10. A middle area 17 can be attached to the rear area 16, the middle area 17 being provided between the rear area 16 and a front area 18 of the bearing bolt base body.

(7) Step-form depressions can be provided between the individual areas of the bearing bolt base body 16, 17 and 18, which can be formed as profiled depressions or profiled transition areas 14. In particular the diameter of the individual areas 16, 17 and 18 of the bearing bolt base body can decrease from the rear to the front. Accordingly a rear area 16 of the bearing bolt base body can have a large diameter D.sub.16, the middle area 17 of the bearing bolt base body may have a middle diameter D.sub.17 and the front area 18 may have a small diameter D.sub.18. The diameter of the cylindrical area 15 can in particular be designed with the same diameter as the front area 18 of the bearing bolt base body, but can also be formed with a smaller diameter D.sub.15. A retaining groove 13 can be provided between the bearing bolt base body and a bearing bolt head, which can have in particular the front conical area 11 and the front cylindrical area 15, in which groove a position-securing means or pin lock can engage in a positive locking manner. The pin lock can be adjusted to the retaining groove 13, in particular radially. The profiled transition areas 14 along the bearing bolt base body can be designed in particular to receive a position-securing means of the bolt 10 in a bolt connection, whereby a displacement of the bearing bolt 10 in the bolt connection along at least one axial direction, in particular along the longitudinal axis A of the bearing bolt, can be prevented. The bearing bolt 10 according to FIG. 1 is still at least in the first bearing eye, while the bearing bolt is provided in the protective receptacle. The bearing bolt can, however, easily be provided such that it is pulled back from all bearing eyes in its withdrawal position in the protective receptacle 30.

(8) FIG. 2 shows a bolt connection 20 according to the invention. This has a first component 22 and a second component 24. At least one first bearing eye 21 can be provided on the first component 22 and at least one second bearing eye 23 on the second component 24. According to FIG. 2, the bearing eyes 21, 23 of the first component and the second component are coaxially orientated and the bolt connection 20 is open, wherein the bearing bolt 10 does not connect the first component 22 and the second component 24 to each other. The bearing bolt 10 can be provided according to FIG. 2 in a protective receptacle 30 which can be provided on an outer side of the first component 22. The protective receptacle 30 can have in particular a housing 31 which can cover the bearing bolt 10 along the cylinder jacket at least in areas, preferably completely. The bearing bolt 10 can hereby be secured against falling out of the protective receptacle 30 sideways. The housing 31 of the protective receptacle 30 can be provided in a fixed position on the first component via a connection area 33. The connection area 33 is preferably formed parallel to the first component 22. To secure the protective receptacle 30, a connection element 32, in particular in the form of a screw or notch, can be provided, which can securely connect the connection area 33 and the first component 22 to each other. The protective receptacle 30 can be welded onto the first component 22.

(9) In an area of the protective receptacle 30 facing away from the first component 22, an adjusting member 34 can be provided which can be fed through an opening 38 in the housing 31 to the bearing bolt 10. The bearing bolt 10 can be formed in particular with a recess 19. This can also be formed on a side of the bearing bolt facing away from the first component 22. The adjusting member 34 can engage with a front end in the recess 19 on the bearing bolt 10. The adjusting member 34 can hereby be formed with a stamp 37, which can be arranged axially adjustably on the adjusting member 34. The stamp 37 can be provided on the adjusting member 34 so that it can be changed in its position and can be formed for example with an internal thread which can be provided on the adjusting member 34 along an external thread of the adjusting member 34 in an accurate position.

(10) By means of the axially adjustable stamp 37, an adjusting depth of the bearing bolt 10 out of the protective receptacle 30 in the direction of the bolt connection 20 can be defined. In this way, in particular the position of the bearing bolt 10 in the protective receptacle and bolt connection can be set. The adjusting member 34 can be fed in particular through the opening 38 to the inner area of the protective receptacle 30, wherein, with successive feeding of the adjusting member 34, the bearing bolt 10 can be fed to the coaxially orientated bearing eyes 21, 23 of the first and second component.

(11) On one of the sides of the open bolt connection 20 lying opposite the protective receptacle 30, a pin lock 35 can be provided, which has a pin lock fixing means 36. The pin lock fixing means 36 can be provided in particular in the form of a screw connection or another, preferably releasable, connection on the first component. In the area of the bolt connection 20 which faces away from the protective receptacle 30, a first position sensor 26 can be provided which can determine the position of the bearing bolt 10 in the bolt connection 20.

(12) In an area above the bearing eyes 21, 23, a second position sensor 25 can be provided, which can be designed in particular to determine the position of the second component in relation to the first component. The second position sensor 25 can be designed in particular to determine a coaxial orientation of the bearing eyes 21, 23 of the first component 22 with the second component 24. On the second position sensor 25, a stamp 27 can be provided, which comes into contact in particular with the second component 24 when the first component 22 is orientated with respect to the second component 24. The stamp 27 can be arranged on a contact element of the second position sensor 25 and can adjust this in particular during coaxial orientation of the components 22, 24. The relative position of the second component 24 with respect to the first component 22 can hereby be determined. For this, the second position sensor 25 can be provided in particular on the first component.

(13) FIG. 3 shows a bolt connection 20 according to the invention, wherein the bearing bolt 10 passes through the first component 22 and the second component 24 and connects them to each other. The bearing bolt 10 is provided with positive locking in the bearing eyes 21, 23 according to FIG. 2. The bearing bolt 10, which is preferably formed as a step bolt, can respectively have substantially a same radius in the individual areas of the cylinder jacket as the bearing eye, with which the area is in contact.

(14) Adjacent bearing eyes 21, 23 of the first component 22 and the second component 24 are particularly preferably in contact with an area of the bearing bolt 10 with an equal diameter. The bearing bolt 10 according to FIG. 3 has been fed with respect to FIG. 2 by means of the adjusting member 34 out of the protective receptacle 30 in an axial direction to the coaxially orientated bearing eyes 21, 23. As follows from FIGS. 2 and 3, the first component 22 and the second component 24 can be formed in multiple parts, wherein each of the components can have more than one bearing eye. The adjusting member 34 can have, in an end area facing away from the bearing bolt 10, an edge area, which has a larger diameter than the opening 38 in the housing 31 of the protective receptacle 30, whereby the movement of the adjusting member 34 into the housing 31 can be limited in its depth. By a pre-setting of the stamp 37 on the adjusting member 34 according to requirements, a position of the bearing bolt 10 can be set in a defined way when the adjusting member 34 has been completely introduced.

(15) When an adjusting member 34 has been completely introduced the end area of the adjusting member 34, with a larger diameter, can be in contact with the housing 31 of the protective receptacle 30, whereby a further movement of the adjusting member 34 is prevented.

(16) According to FIG. 3, the bearing bolt 10 of the bolt connection 20 is completely fed. In this position the bearing bolt 10 can be secured by means of the pin lock 35 with respect to an axial displacement of the bearing bolt 10. To secure the pin lock 35, at least the pin lock fixing means 36 can be provided, which provides the pin lock 35 in a fixed position on the first component 22.

(17) By means of the first position sensor 26, an axial position of the bearing bolt 10 can be determined. The first position sensor 26 and the second position sensor 25 can be connected to a control module 60 (FIG. 2).

(18) When the bolt connection 20 is produced and when the bolt connection is closed, the first position sensor 26 and the second position sensor 25 can transmit position data of the components 22, 24 relative to each other and the position of the bearing bolt 10 relative to the bolt connection 20 to the control module. The control module can be designed to allow movement of the bearing bolt 10 to the bolt connection 20, or output a request for movement of the bolt 10, only when the second position sensor 25 transmits a position signal of the at least second component 24 relative to the first component 22, which corresponds to an axial orientation of the at least one first bearing eye 21 and the at least one second bearing eye 23.

(19) As soon as a coaxial orientation of the at least one first bearing eye 21 and the at least one second bearing eye 23 has been detected by the control module, a signal can be transmitted to the operator of the construction machine that the bearing bolt can be fed to the bolt connection 20. Alternatively, a corresponding signal can also be transmitted to the adjusting member 34 to carry out feeding of the bearing bolt 10 to the bolt connection 20. For this, the adjusting member 34 can be moved mechanically or hydraulically, in particular via a hydraulic piston or a hydraulic cylinder 50 (FIG. 2). The adjusting member 34 can be fed without manual intervention on the bolt connection 20 to the housing 31 and the bearing bolt 10 can be pushed out of the protective receptacle 30 into the bolt connection 20. As soon as the first position sensor 26 detects, when feeding the bearing bolt 10 to the bolt connection 20, a defined position of the bearing bolt 10, it can transmit a signal to the control module that the bearing bolt 10 has been properly fed and the bolt connection 20 has been produced. Subsequently a securing of the bolt connection can be realised.

(20) The mechanical device, in particular the hydraulic piston, can also be designed to at least partially pull the adjusting member 34 out of the housing 31 again. With the adjusting member 34, the bearing bolt 10 connected to the adjusting member 34 can also be fed to the protective receptacle 30 out of the bolt connection 20 again. For this, in particular a hydraulic dual cylinder can be provided, which can be designed both for entry and also removal of the adjusting member 34 from the housing 31 of the protective receptacle 30.

(21) FIG. 4 shows a swivel lever 40, on which at least one protective receptacle 30 according to the invention can be arranged. The protective receptacle 30 is shown according to FIG. 4 without a hydraulic piston or another mechanical device for adjusting the adjusting member 34, but can have these. The protective receptacle 30 is arranged on a first component 22, wherein the piston 10 has travelled out of the protective receptacle 30 and is secured via the pin lock 35 with the pin lock fixing means 36 with respect to an axial displacement of the bearing bolt 10. In an upper area of the swivel lever 40, a transverse support 41 can be arranged, on which at least one bolt connection 42 can be provided on the end face. According to FIG. 4, a reception 43 can be provided in the bolt connection 42 in particular for an actuating cylinder 70. Such an actuating cylinder 70 can be provided for example to orientate and hold a mast 80 of a construction machine 100.

(22) At the lower end of the swivel lever 40, a further bolt connection 44 can be provided, on which for example a mast can be pivotably arranged at a lower end. The bolt connections according to FIG. 4 can be designed in particular as a bolt connection 20 according to the invention.