Low travel switch assembly

Abstract

A low travel switch assembly and systems and methods for using the same are disclosed. The low travel dome may include a domed surface having upper and lower portions, and a set of tuning members integrated within the domed surface between the upper and lower portions. The tuning members may be operative to control a force-displacement curve characteristic of the low travel dome.

Claims

1. A switch assembly, comprising: a key cap; a domed surface disposed below the key cap and defined by an array of arms connecting a central portion of the domed surface to an outer edge of the domed surface; and an electrical membrane coupled to the domed surface opposite the key cap and operative to trigger a switch event, the electrical membrane comprising a top layer and a bottom layer, each of the top and bottom layers being coupled to a corresponding conductive gel, the conductive gel providing support to the key cap and the domed surface when the key cap displaces toward the electrical membrane, wherein the array of arms is operative to: maintain an offset between the central portion and the electrical membrane when the electrical membrane is not triggering the switch event; and control the domed surface to operate according to a predefined force-displacement curve.

2. The switch assembly of claim 1, wherein one of the array of arms is disposed transverse to another of the array of arms.

3. The switch assembly of claim 1, wherein the domed surface comprises a substantially square base.

4. The switch assembly of claim 3, wherein the substantially square base includes at least one angled edge.

5. The switch assembly of claim 1, wherein at least two of the array of arms are separated by a cutout formed into the domed surface.

6. A low travel dome, comprising: a domed surface having upper and lower portions, the domed surface comprising: an array of radially-distributed arms extending between the upper and lower portions, the array of radially-distributed arms operative to control a force-displacement curve characteristic of the low travel dome, each of the arms of the array of radially-distributed arms having a length and a lateral thickness that is constant along at least a portion of the length.

7. The low travel dome of claim 6, wherein the force-displacement curve characteristic corresponds to a change in force required to displace the upper portion.

8. The low travel dome of claim 6, wherein: the array of radially-distributed arms has a height dimension and a width dimension; and the force-displacement curve characteristic is based on at least one of the height and the width dimension.

9. The low travel dome of claim 6, wherein: the array of radially-distributed arms has a stiffness; and the force-displacement curve characteristic is based on the stiffness.

10. The low travel dome of claim 6, wherein the array of radially-distributed arms provides tactile feedback to a user according to the force-displacement curve characteristic.

11. The low travel dome of claim 6, wherein one of the array of radially-distributed arms intersects another of the array of radially-distributed arms at the upper portion.

12. The low travel dome of claim 11, wherein the intersection of the one of the array of radially-distributed arms and the another of the array of radially-distributed arms defines a cross-shaped portion.

13. The low travel dome of claim 6, wherein the lower portion comprises one of a circle, a polygonal, a square, or an elliptical shape.

14. A method for manufacturing a low travel dome, comprising: providing a dome-shaped surface having a top portion and a bottom portion; and selectively removing an array of predefined portions of the dome-shaped surface between the top portion and the bottom portion, thereby defining an array of arms connecting the top portion and the bottom portion, wherein: a shape of each of the array of arms defines a force-displacement curve characteristic of the low travel dome; and the array of arms defines a cross-shaped portion of the dome-shaped surface, the array of arms each having substantially straight side edges in the cross-shaped portion of the dome-shaped surface.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein selectively removing comprises forming openings at the array of predefined portions, each of the openings having a predefined shape.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the predefined shape is one of an L-shape or a wedge shape.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein: each of the array of arms has a width dimension; and the width dimension is defined by the predefined shape of the openings.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the force-displacement curve characteristic is based on the width dimension.

19. The method of claim 14, wherein the selectively removing comprises one of cutting out or stamping out the array of predefined portions.

20. The low travel dome of claim 6, wherein the radially-distributed arms are separated from each other by an array of L-shaped openings in the domed surface.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The above and other aspects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout, and in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a switch mechanism that includes a low travel dome, a key cap, a support structure, and a membrane, in accordance with at least one embodiment;

(3) FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the low travel dome of FIG. 1, in accordance with at least one embodiment;

(4) FIG. 3 is a top view of the low travel dome of FIG. 2, in accordance with at least one embodiment;

(5) FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the low travel dome of FIG. 3, taken from line A-A of FIG. 3, in accordance with at least one embodiment;

(6) FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 4, of the low travel dome of FIG. 3, the low travel dome residing between the key cap and the membrane of FIG. 1 in a first state, in accordance with at least one embodiment;

(7) FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 5, of the low travel dome, the key cap, and the membrane of FIG. 5 in a second state, in accordance with at least one embodiment;

(8) FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 5, of the low travel dome, the key cap, and the membrane of FIG. 5 in a third state, in accordance with at least one embodiment;

(9) FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 5, of the low travel dome, the key cap, and the membrane of FIG. 5 in a fourth state, in accordance with at least one embodiment;

(10) FIG. 9 shows a predefined force-displacement curve according to which the key cap and the low travel dome of FIGS. 5-8 may operate, in accordance with at least one embodiment;

(11) FIG. 10 is a top view of another low travel dome, in accordance with at least one embodiment;

(12) FIG. 11 is a top down view of yet another low travel dome, in accordance with at least one embodiment;

(13) FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 4, of the low travel dome of FIG. 3 including a nub, in accordance with at least one embodiment;

(14) FIG. 13 is an illustrative process of providing the low travel dome of FIG. 2, in accordance with at least one embodiment; and

(15) FIG. 14 is a top view of yet another sample low travel dome.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(16) A low travel switch assembly and systems and methods for using the same are described with reference to FIGS. 1-13.

(17) FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a switch mechanism that includes a low travel dome 100, a key cap 200, a support structure 300, and a membrane 500. Low travel dome 100 may be composed of any suitable type of material (e.g., metal, rubber, etc.) and may be elastic. For example, when a force is applied to low travel dome 100, its elasticity may cause it to return to its original shape when the force is subsequently released. In some embodiments, low travel dome 100 may be one of a plurality of domes that may be a part of a dome pad or sheet (not shown). For example, low travel dome 100 may protrude from such a dome sheet in the +Y-direction. This dome sheet may reside beneath a set of key caps (e.g., key cap 200) of a keyboard (not shown) such that each dome of the dome pad may reside beneath a particular key cap of the keyboard.

(18) As shown in FIG. 1, for example, low travel dome 100 may reside beneath key cap 200. Key cap 200 may be supported by support structure 300. Support structure 300 may be composed of any suitable material (e.g., plastic, metal, composite, and so on), and may provide mechanical stability to key cap 200. Support structure 300 may, for example, be a scissor mechanism or a butterfly mechanism that may contract and expand during depression and release of key cap 200, respectively. In some embodiments, rather than being a standalone scissor or butterfly mechanism, support structure 300 may be a part of an underside of key cap 200 that may press onto various portions of low travel dome 100. Regardless of the physical nature of support structure 300, key cap 200 may press onto low travel dome 100 to effect a switching operation or event via membrane 500 (described in more detail below with respect to FIGS. 5-8). Although not shown in FIG. 1, key cap 200 may also include a lower end portion that may be configured to contact an uppermost portion of low travel dome 100 during depression of key cap 200.

(19) FIG. 1 may show key cap 200, low travel dome 100, support structure 300, and membrane 500 in an undepressed state (e.g., where each component may be in its respective natural position, prior to key cap 200 being depressed). Although FIG. 1 does not show key cap 200, low travel dome 100, support structure 300, and membrane 500 in a partially depressed or a fully depressed state, it should be appreciated that these components may occupy any of these states.

(20) In addition to facilitating a switching event when a key cap is depressed, a dome of a dome-switch may also serve other purposes. As an example, the dome may cause the key cap to return to its natural state or position after the key cap is released from depression. As another example, the dome may provide tactical feedback to a user when the user depresses the key cap. The physical attributes (e.g., elasticity, size, shape, and the like) of the dome may determine the level of tactical feedback it provides. In particular, the physical attributes may define a relationship between the amount of force required to move the key cap (e.g., when the key cap rests over the dome) over a range of distances. This relationship may be expressed by a force-displacement curve, and the dome may operate according to this curve.

(21) The amount of force required to move the key cap may vary depending on how far the key cap has moved from its natural position, and a user may experience the tactile feedback as a result of this variance. For example, the force required to move an uppermost portion of the dome from its natural or initial position to a first distance (e.g., right up to the point before the dome collapses or buckles) may be a force F1.

(22) The force required to continue to move the uppermost portion past this first distance may be less than force F1. This is because the dome may buckle or collapse when the uppermost portion moves past the first distance, which may lessen the force required to continue to move the uppermost portion.

(23) The force required to move the uppermost portion to a point when the dome is just completely buckled or collapsed may be a force F2. The force required to continue to move the uppermost portion until the key cap reaches its farthest or most depressed point may then increase. A user may thus experience a certain tactile feedback due to the force-displacement characteristics of the dome.

(24) It should be appreciated that the tactile feedback can be quantified when the force-displacement characteristics of a dome are known. More particularly, the tactile feedback is a function of the ratio (e.g., click ratio) of the force required to move the uppermost portion of the dome from its natural position to a distance right before the dome begins to buckle or collapse (e.g., force F1) to the force required to move the uppermost portion from its natural position to a distance when the dome is just completely buckled or collapsed (e.g., force F2).

(25) Because a dome's tactile feedback is tied to the force-displacement characteristics of the dome, it should also be appreciated that force-displacement characteristics of a dome can be determined when an optimal or suitable tactile feedback is predefined. For example, a dome may provide optimal tactile feedback when the click ratio is about 50%. This click ratio may be used to determine force-displacement characteristics (e.g., force F1 and force F2) required to provide the optimal tactile feedback. Accordingly, because the physical attributes of the dome correspond to the force-displacement characteristics, the dome may be specifically constructed in order to meet these characteristics.

(26) As described above, it is often desirable to make electronic devices and keyboards smaller. To accomplish this, some components of a device may need to be made smaller. Moreover, certain movable components of the device may also have less space to move, which may make it difficult for them to perform their intended functions. For example, the travel of the key caps of a keyboard will have to be smaller. However, a smaller travel requires a smaller or restricted range of movement of a corresponding dome, which may interfere with the dome's ability to operate according to its intended force-displacement characteristics and to provide suitable tactile feedback to a user.

(27) Since the physical attributes of the dome are associated with the dome's tactile feedback, they may be adjusted, modified, manipulated, or otherwise tuned to compensate for the smaller travel, while also providing the predefined tactile feedback.

(28) Certain physical attributes of a dome may be adjusted, modified, manipulated, or otherwise tuned to compensate for a specified travel, while also providing predefined tactile feedback. That is, certain physical attributes of a dome may be tuned such that the dome operates according to predetermined force-displacement curve characteristics. In some embodiments, the height, thickness, and diameter of the dome may be tuned. In some embodiments, a surface of the dome may be adjusted or modified to tune the structural integrity of the surface.

(29) FIG. 2 is a perspective view of low travel dome 100. FIG. 3 is a top view of low travel dome 100. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, low travel dome 100 may include domed surface 102 having an upper portion 140 (e.g., that may include an uppermost portion of domed surface 102), a lower portion 110, and a set of tuning members 152, 154, 156, and 158 disposed between upper and lower portions 140 and 110. Domed surface 102 may have a hemispherical, semispherical, or convex profile, where upper portion 140 forms the top of the profile and lower portion 110 forms the base of the profile. Lower portion 110 can take any suitable shape such as, for example, a circular, elliptical, rectilinear, or another polygonal shape.

(30) The physical attributes of low travel dome 100 may be tuned in any suitable manner. In some embodiments, tuning members 152, 154, 156, and 158 may be cutouts or openings of domed surface 102 that may be integrated or formed in domed surface 102. That is, predefined portions (e.g., of a predefined size and shape) of domed surface 102 may be removed in order to control or tune low travel dome 100 such that it operates according to predetermined force-displacement curve characteristics.

(31) Tuning members 152, 154, 156, and 158 may be spaced from one another such that one or more portions of domed surface 102 may extend from lower portion 110 of domed surface 102 to uppermost portion 140 of domed surface 102. For example, tuning members 152, 154, 156, and 158 may be evenly spaced from one another such that wall or arm portions 132, 134, 136, and 138 of domed surface 102 may form a cross-shaped (or X-shaped) portion 130 that may span from portion 110 to uppermost portion 140.

(32) As shown in FIG. 2, portions 172, 174, 176, and 178 of domed surface 102 may each be partially contiguous with some parts of cross-shaped portion 130, but may also be partially separated from other parts of cross-shaped portion 130 due to tuning members 152, 154, 156, and 158.

(33) Although FIGS. 2 and 3 show only four tuning members 152, 154, 156, and 158, in some embodiments, low travel dome 100 may include more or fewer tuning members. In some embodiments, the shape of each one of tuning members 152, 154, 156, and 158 may be tuned such that low travel dome 100 may operate according to predetermined force-displacement curve characteristics. In particular, each one of tuning members 152, 154, 156, and 158 may have a particular shape. As shown in FIG. 3, for example, when viewing low travel dome 100 from the top, each one of tuning members 152, 154, 156, and 158 may appear to have an L-shape. In some embodiments, tuning members 152, 154, 156, and 158 may have a pie or wedge shape.

(34) Generally, it should be appreciated that the dome 100 shown in FIGS. 2-3 defines a set of opposed beams. Each beam is defined by a pair of arm segments and is generally contiguous across a surface of the dome 100. For example, a first beam may be defined by arm portions 134 and 138 while a second arm is defined by arm portions 132 and 136. Thus, the beams cross one another at the top of the dome but are generally opposed to one another (e.g., extend in different directions). In the present embodiment, the beams are opposed by 90 degrees, but other embodiments may have beams that are opposed or offset by different angles. Likewise, more or fewer beams may be present or defined in various embodiments.

(35) The beams may be configured to collapse or displace when a sufficient force is exerted on the dome. Thus, the beams may travel downward according to a particular force-displacement curve; modifying the size, shape, thickness and other physical characteristics may likewise modify the force-displacement curve. Thus, the beams may be tuned in a fashion to provide a downward motion at a first force and an upward motion or travel at a second force. Thus, the beams may snap downward when the force exerted on a keycap (and thus on the dome) exceeds a first threshold, and may be restored to an initial or default position when the exerted force is less than a second threshold. The first and second thresholds may be chosen such that the second threshold is less than the first threshold, thus providing hysteresis to the dome 100.

(36) It should be appreciated that the force curve for the dome 100 may be adjusted not only by adjusting certain characteristics of the beams and/or arm portions 132, 134, 136, 138, but also by modifying the size and shape of the tuning members 152, 154, 156, 158. For example, the tuning members may be made larger or smaller, may have different areas and/or cross-sections, and the like. Such adjustments to the tuning members 152, 154, 156, 158 may also modify the force-displacement curve of the dome 100.

(37) In some embodiments, each one of arm portions 132, 134, 136, and 138 of low travel dome 100 may be tuned such that low travel dome 100 may operate according to predetermined force-displacement curve characteristics. In particular, each one of arm portions 132, 134, 136, and 138 may be tuned to have a thickness a1 (e.g., as shown in FIG. 3) that may be less than a predefined thickness. For example, thickness a1 may be less than or equal to about 0.6 millimeters in some embodiments, but may be thicker or thinner in others.

(38) In some embodiments, the hardness of the material of low travel dome 100 may tuned such that low travel dome 100 may operate according to predetermined force-displacement curve characteristics. In particular, the hardness of the material of low travel dome 100 may be tuned to be greater than a predefined hardness such that cross-shaped portion 130 may not buckle as easily as if the material were softer.

(39) Although FIGS. 2 and 3 may show domed surface 102 having a cross-shaped portion 130, it should be appreciated that domed surface 102 may have a portion that may include any suitable number of arm portions. In some embodiments, rather than having four arm portions 132, 134, 136, 138, domed surface 102 may include more or fewer arm portions. In some embodiments, low travel dome 100 may be tuned such that it is operative to maintain key cap 200 and support structure 300 in their respective natural positions when key cap 200 is not undergoing a switch event (e.g., not being depressed). In these embodiments, low travel dome 100 may control key cap 200 (and support structure 300, if it is included) to operate according to predetermined force-displacement curve characteristics.

(40) Regardless of how low travel dome 100 is tuned, when an external force is applied (for example, on or through key cap 200 of FIG. 1) to upper portion 140, cross-shaped portion 130 may move in the Y-direction, and may cause arm portions 132, 134, 136, and 138 to change shape and buckle. As a result, an underside (e.g., directly opposite uppermost portion 140 of domed surface 102) may contact a portion of a membrane (e.g., membrane 500 of FIG. 1) of a keyboard when cross-shaped portion 130 moves a sufficient distance in the Y-direction. In this manner, a switching operation or event may be triggered.

(41) FIG. 10 is a top view of an alternative low travel dome 1000 that may be similar to low travel dome 100, and that may be tuned to operate according to predetermined force-displacement curve characteristics. As shown in FIG. 10, low travel dome 1000 may include a cross-shaped portion 1030, and a set of tuning members 1020, 1040, 1060, and 1080. When viewing low travel dome 1000 from the top (e.g., as shown in FIG. 10), each one of tuning members 1020, 1040, 1060, and 1080 may appear to be pie-shaped.

(42) FIG. 11 is a top view of another alternative low travel dome 1100 that may be similar to low travel dome 100, and that may be tuned to operate according to predetermined force-displacement curve characteristics. As shown in FIG. 11, low travel dome 1100 may include a surface 1180, and a set of tuning members 1150. When viewing low travel dome 1100 from the top (e.g., as shown in FIG. 11), each one of tuning members 1150 may appear to have any suitable shape (e.g., elliptical, circular, rectangular, and the like).

(43) FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of low travel dome 100, taken from line A-A of FIG. 3. FIG. 4 is similar to FIG. 1, but does not show support structure 300. In some embodiments, support structure 300 may not be necessary, and a switching assembly may merely include key cap 200, low travel dome 100, and membrane 500. As shown in FIG. 4, arm portions 132 and 136 of cross-shaped portion 130 may form a contiguous arm portion that may span across domed surface 102.

(44) FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 4, of low travel dome 100, with low travel dome 100 residing between key cap 200 and membrane 500 in a first state. Key cap 200, low travel dome 100, and membrane 500 may, for example, form one of the key switches or switch assemblies of a keyboard. As shown in FIG. 5, key cap 200 may include a body portion 201 and a contact portion 210. Body portion 201 may include a cap surface 202 and an underside 204, and contact portion 210 may include a contact surface 212. As shown in FIG. 5, key cap 200 may be in its natural position 220 (e.g., prior to cap surface 202 receiving any force (e.g., from a user)). Moreover, each one of low travel dome 100, and membrane 500 may be in their respective natural positions.

(45) In some embodiments, membrane 500 may be a part of a printed circuit board (PCB) that may interact with low travel dome 100. As described above with respect to FIG. 1, low travel dome 100 may be a component of a keyboard (not shown). In some embodiments, the keyboard may include a PCB and membrane that may provide key switching (e.g., when key cap 200 is depressed in the Y-direction via an external force). Membrane 500 may include a top layer 510, a bottom layer 520, and a spacing 530 between top layer 510 and bottom layer 520. In some embodiments, membrane 500 may also include a support layer 550 that may include a through-hole 552 (e.g., a plated through-hole). Top and bottom layers 510 and 520 may reside above support layer 550. In some embodiments, top layer 510 and bottom layer 520 may each have a predefined thickness in the Y-direction, and spacing 530 may have a predefined height. Each one of top, bottom, and support layers 510, 520, and 550 may be composed of any suitable material (e.g., plastic, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer sheets, etc.). For example, each one of top and bottom layers 510 and 520 may be composed of PET polymer sheets that may each have a predefined thickness.

(46) Top layer 510 may couple to or include a corresponding conductive pad (not shown), and bottom layer 520 may couple to or include a corresponding conductive pad (not shown). In some embodiments, each of these conductive pads may be in the form of a conductive gel. The gel-like nature of the conductive pads may provide improved tactile feedback to a user when, for example, the user depresses key cap 200. The conductive pad associated with top layer 510 may include corresponding conductive traces on an underside of top layer 510, and the conductive pad associated with bottom layer 520 may include conductive traces on an upper side of bottom layer 520. These conductive pads and corresponding conductive traces may be composed of any suitable material (e.g., metal, such as silver, or copper, conductive gels, nanowire, and no on).

(47) As shown in FIG. 5, spacing 530 may allow top layer 510 to contact bottom layer 520 when, for example, low travel dome 100 buckles and cross-shaped portion 130 moves in the Y-direction (e.g., due to an external force being applied to cap surface 202 of key cap 200). In particular, spacing 530 may allow the conductive pad associated with top layer 510 physical access to the conductive pad associated with bottom layer 520 such that their corresponding conductive traces may make contact with one another. This contact may then be detected by a processing unit (e.g., a chip of the electronic device or keyboard) (not shown), which may generate a code corresponding to key cap 200.

(48) In some embodiments, key cap 200, low travel dome 100, and membrane 500 may be included in a surface-mountable package, which may facilitate assembly of, for example, an electronic device or keyboard, and may also provide reliability to the various components.

(49) Although FIG. 5 shows a specific layered membrane that may be used to trigger a switch event, it should be appreciated that other mechanisms may also be used to trigger the switch event. For example, in some embodiments, low travel dome 100 may include a conductive material. In these embodiments, a separate conductive material may also reside beneath an underside of upper portion 140. When a keystroke occurs (e.g., when external force A is applied to key cap 200), the conductive material of low travel dome 100 may contact the separate conductive material, which may trigger the switch event.

(50) As described above, low travel dome 100 may be tuned in any suitable manner such that low travel dome 100 (and thus, key cap 200) may operate according to predetermined force-displacement curve characteristics. FIGS. 6-8 are cross-sectional views, similar to FIG. 5, of low travel dome 100, key cap 200, and membrane 500 in second, third, and fourth states, respectively. FIG. 9 shows a predefined force-displacement curve 900 according to which key cap 200 and low travel dome 100 may operate. The F-axis may represent the force (in grams) that is applied to key cap 200, and the D-axis may represent the displacement of key cap 200 in response to the applied force.

(51) The force required to depress key cap 200 from its natural position 220 (e.g., the position of key cap 200 prior to any force being applied thereto, as shown in FIG. 5) to a maximum displacement position 250 (e.g., as shown in FIG. 8) may vary. As shown in FIG. 9, for example, the force required to displace key cap 200 may gradually increase as key cap 200 displaces in the Y-direction from natural position 220 (e.g., 0 millimeters) to a position 230 (e.g., VIa millimeters). This gradual increase in required force is at least partially due to the resistance of low travel dome 100 to change shape (e.g., the resistance of upper portion 140 to displace in the Y-direction). The force required to displace key cap 200 to position 230 may be referred to as the operating or peak force.

(52) When key cap 200 displaces to position 230 (e.g., VIa millimeters), low travel dome 100 may no longer be able to resist the pressure, and may begin to buckle (e.g., cross-shaped portion 130 may begin to buckle). The force that is subsequently required to displace key cap 200 from position 230 (e.g., VIa millimeters) to a position 240 (e.g., VIb millimeters) may gradually decrease.

(53) When key cap 200 displaces to position 240 (e.g., VIb millimeters), an underside of upper portion 140 of low travel dome 100 may contact membrane 500 to cause or trigger a switch event or operation. In some embodiments, the underside may contact membrane 500 slightly prior to or slightly after key cap 200 displaces to position 240. When contact surface 107 contacts membrane 500, membrane 500 may provide a counter force in the +Y-direction, which may increase the force required to continue to displace key cap 200 beyond position 240. The force required to displace key cap 200 to position 240 may be referred to as the draw or return force.

(54) When key cap 200 displaces to position 240, low travel dome 100 may also be complete in its buckling. In some embodiments, upper portion 140 may continue to displace in the Y-direction, but cross-shaped portion 130 of low travel dome 100 may be substantially buckled. The force that is subsequently required to displace key cap 200 from position 240 (e.g., VIb millimeters) to position 250 (e.g., VIc millimeters) may gradually increase. Position 250 may be the maximum displacement position of key cap 200 (e.g., a bottom-out position). When the force (e.g., external force A) is removed from key cap 200, elastomeric dome 100 may then unbuckle and return to its natural position, and key cap may also return to natural position 220.

(55) In some embodiments, the size or height of contact portion 210 may be defined to determine the maximum displacement position 250 or travel of key cap 200 in the Y-direction. For example, the travel of key cap 200 may be defined to be about 0.75 millimeter, 1.0 millimeter, or 1.25 millimeters.

(56) In addition to a cushioning effect provided by the gel-like conductive pads of top and bottom layers 510 and 520 to low travel dome 100 and key cap 200, in some embodiments, through-hole 552 may also provide a cushioning effect. As shown in FIG. 8, for example, when key cap 200 displaces to maximum displacement position 250 and low travel dome 100 completely buckles and presses onto top layer 510, bottom layer 520 may bend or otherwise interact with support layer 550 such that a portion of bottom layer 520 may enter into a void of through-hole 552. In this manner, key cap 200 may receive a cushioning effect, which may translate into improved tactile feedback for a user.

(57) In some embodiments, key cap 200 may or may not include contact portion 210. When key cap 200 does not include contact portion 210, for example, underside 204 of key cap 200 may not be sufficient to press onto upper portion 140 of cross-shaped portion 130. Thus, in these embodiments, low travel dome 100 may include a force concentrator nub that may contact underside 204 when a force is applied to cap surface 202 in the Y-direction. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 4, of low travel dome 100 including a nub 1200. As shown in FIG. 12, force concentrator nub 1200 may have a block shape having underside 1204 that may contact upper portion 140 of dome 100, and an upper side 1202 that may contact underside 204 of key cap 200. In this manner, when key cap 200 displaces in the Y-direction due to an external force, underside 204 may press onto upper side 1202 and direct the external force onto upper portion 140.

(58) FIG. 13 is an illustrative process 1300 of manufacturing low travel dome 100. Process 1300 may begin at operation 1302.

(59) At operation 1304, the process may include providing a dome-shaped surface. For example, operation 1304 may include providing a dome-shaped surface, such as domed surface 102 prior to any tuning members being integrated therewith.

(60) At operation 1306, the process may include selectively removing a plurality of predefined portions of the dome-shaped surface to tune the dome-shaped surface to operate according to a predefined force-displacement curve characteristic. For example, operation 1306 may include forming openings or cutouts 152, 154, 156, and 158 at the plurality of predefined portions of the dome-shaped surface, each of the openings having a predefined shape, such as an L-shape or a pie shape. In some embodiments, operation 1306 may include forming a remaining portion of the dome-shaped surface that may appear to be cross-shaped. Moreover, in some embodiments, operation 1306 may include die cutting or stamping of the dome-shaped surface to create cutouts 152, 154, 156, and 158.

(61) FIG. 14 illustrates yet another sample dome 1400 that may be employed in certain embodiments. This dome 1400 may be generally square or rectangular. That is, the major sidewalls 1402, 1404, 1406, 1408 may be straight and define all or the majority of an outer edge or surface of the dome 1400. The dome 1400 may have one or more angled edges 1410. Here, each of the four corners is angled. The angled corners 1410 may provide clearance for the dome 1400 during assembly of a key and/or keyboard with respect to adjacent domes, holding or retaining mechanisms, and the like. Further, the angled edges may provide additional surface contact with respect to an underlying membrane, thereby providing additional area to secure to the membrane in some embodiments. It should be appreciated that alternative embodiments may omit some or all of the angled edges 1410. Square and/or partly square bases, such as the one shown in FIG. 14, may be employed with any of the foregoing embodiments. Likewise, in some embodiments, a circular base (or base having another shape) may be employed with the arm structure shown in FIG. 14.

(62) As shown in the embodiment of FIG. 14, two beams 1412, 1414 may extend between diagonally opposing angled edges 1410 (or corners, if there are no angled edges). Alternative embodiments may include more or fewer beams. Each beam 1412, 1416 may be thought of as being formed by multiple arms 1418, 1420, 1422, 1424. The arms 1418, 1420, 1422, 1424 meet at the top 1428 of the dome 1400. The shape of the arms may be varied by adjusting the amount of material and the shape of the material removed to form the tuning members 1426, which are essentially voids or apertures formed in the dome 1400. The interrelationship of the tuning members 1426 and beams/arms to generate a force-displacement curve has been previously discussed.

(63) By employing a dome 1400 having a generally square or rectangular profile, the usable area for the dome under a square keycap may be maximized. Thus, the length of the beams 1412, 1416 may be increased when compared to a dome that is circular in profile. This may allow the dome 1400 to operate in accordance with a force-displacement curve that may be difficult to achieve if the beams are constrained to be shorter due to a circular dome shape. For example, the deflection of the beams (in either an upward or downward direction) may occur across a shorter period, once the necessary force threshold is reached. This may provide a crisper feeling, or may provide a more sudden depression or rebound of an associated key. Further, fine-tuning of a force-displacement curve for the dome 1400 may be simplified since the length of the beams 1412, 1416 is increased.

(64) While there have been described a low travel switch assembly and systems and methods for using the same, it is to be understood that many changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Insubstantial changes from the claimed subject matter as viewed by a person with ordinary skill in the art, now known or later devised, are expressly contemplated as being equivalently within the scope of the claims. Therefore, obvious substitutions now or later known to one with ordinary skill in the art are defined to be within the scope of the defined elements. It is also to be understood that various directional and orientational terms such as up and down, front and back, top and bottom, left and right, length and width, and the like are used herein only for convenience, and that no fixed or absolute directional or orientational limitations are intended by the use of these words. For example, the devices of this invention can have any desired orientation. If reoriented, different directional or orientational terms may need to be used in their description, but that will not alter their fundamental nature as within the scope and spirit of this invention. Moreover, an electronic device constructed in accordance with the principles of the invention may be of any suitable three-dimensional shape, including, but not limited to, a sphere, cone, octahedron, or combination thereof.

(65) Therefore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention can be practiced by other than the described embodiments, which are presented for purposes of illustration rather than of limitation.