Abstract
The present invention relates to a buckling resistant spring clad bar (BRSCB) to improve lateral confinement of compression system uniformly so as to enable it to (a). applied loads withstand both compression and tension (b). ability to withstand much higher axial compression loads (c). significant improvement in post-elastic behavior due to enhanced ductility without strength degradation. The BRSCB comprises a plurality of bar, a plurality of one-way spring in an embodiment, a plurality of grips, and a plurality of peripheral ties. The system further comprises a plurality of opposing spring in another embodiment. In the opposing spring, one of the springs is wrapped in a clockwise direction and another one in an anticlockwise direction. Both the ends of the bar are covered with the end grip to hold the assembly firmly and to avoid end slippage of the one-way/opposing spring. The multiple bars wrapped with the spring are connected together with the peripheral ties to form desired cage assembly. The cage assembly can be embedded in the concrete structure/suitable medium. Further, spring cladded bars can be housed in sleeve to improve the ductility and impact/shock resistance of the structure.
Claims
1. A buckling resistant spring clad bar (BRSCB) assembly comprising: a plurality of bars arranged to form a perimeter, each of the plurality of bars having a top end and a bottom end; a plurality of one-way springs; a plurality of peripheral ties bounding the perimeter and securely tieing the plurality of bars at a plurality of locations between the top end and the bottom end; wherein at least one of the plurality of one-way springs is wrapped around each of the plurality of bars; wherein a diameter of the at least one of the plurality of one-way springs is greater than a diameter of the each of the plurality of bars; wherein the at least one of the plurality of one-way springs is wrapped around each of the plurality of bars in close contact to provide buckling resistance against a load applied over each of the plurality of bars; and wherein the plurality of peripheral ties comprise at least one of cables and wires.
2. The BRSCB assembly as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of grips; wherein the plurality of grips are provided at both ends of each of the plurality of bars; and wherein the plurality of grips are configured to hold the plurality of bars and the plurality of one-way springs firmly and avoid slippage.
3. The BRSCB assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the BRSCB assembly is placed centrally to a sleeve and is embedded in concrete for restraining the plurality of one-way springs to improve ductility and stability of the BRSCB assembly.
4. The BRSCB assembly as claimed in claim 3, wherein the BRSCB assembly is embedded in the concrete without the sleeve.
5. The BRSCB assembly as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the BRSCB assembly is placed centrally to the sleeve with a gap between the at least one of the plurality of one-way springs and the sleeve; and the gap is grouted to get a desired performance related to the stability of the BRSCB assembly.
6. The BRSCB assembly as claimed in claim 3, wherein the sleeve comprises a plurality of peripheral slots.
7. The BRSCB assembly as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the BRSCB assembly is formed with the plurality of bars and each of the plurality of bars is wrapped with at least one of the plurality of one-way springs housed in the sleeve with a gap; and the gap is grouted to achieve desired performance.
8. A buckling resistant spring clad bar (BRSCB) assembly comprising: a plurality of bars arranged to form a perimeter, each of the plurality of bars having a top end and a bottom end; a plurality of one-way springs; a plurality of peripheral ties bounding the perimeter and securely tieing the plurality of bars at a plurality of locations between the top end and the bottom end; wherein at least one of the plurality of one-way springs is wrapped around each of the plurality of bars; wherein a diameter of the at least one of the plurality of one-way springs is greater than a diameter of the each of the plurality of bars; wherein the at least one of the plurality of one-way springs is wrapped around each of the plurality of bars in close contact to provide buckling resistance against a load applied over each of the plurality of bars; wherein: the BRSCB assembly is assembled as a cage of at least one of square and circular shaped column according to a structure; the structure comprises the plurality of bars cladded with at least one of the plurality of one-way springs placed on a circumference and over a body of the structure; and the body is tied securely with the plurality of peripheral ties as desired for a given shape of column for a passive embedment in a suitable medium; and wherein the suitable medium comprises at least one of concrete and soil.
9. A buckling resistant spring clad bar (BRSCB) assembly comprising: a plurality of bars arranged to form a perimeter, each of the plurality of bars having a top end and a bottom end; a plurality of opposing springs of a same coil diameter and pitch; a plurality of peripheral ties bounding the perimeter and securely tieing the plurality of bars at a plurality of locations between the top end and the bottom end; wherein at least one of the plurality of opposing springs is wrapped around each of the plurality of bars; wherein the coil diameter of the plurality of opposing springs is greater than a diameter of each of the plurality of bars; wherein at least one of the plurality of opposing springs is wrapped around each of the plurality of bars in a clockwise direction and at least another one of the plurality of opposing springs is wrapped around each of the plurality of bars in an anticlockwise direction; wherein at least one of the plurality of opposing springs is inserted into another one of the plurality of opposing springs to create an intersection of the plurality of opposing springs at regular intervals; and wherein at least one of the plurality of bars is passed through the intersection to provide buckling resistance; and wherein the plurality of peripheral ties comprise at least one of cables and wires.
10. The BRSCB assembly as claimed in claim 9, wherein the BRSCB assembly further comprising: a plurality of grips; wherein the plurality of grips are provided at both ends of each of the plurality of bars; and wherein the plurality of grips are configured to hold the plurality of bars and the plurality of opposing springs firmly and avoid slippage.
11. The BRSCB assembly as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the BRSCB assembly is placed centrally to a sleeve with a gap between the plurality of opposing springs and the sleeve; and the gap is grouted to achieve desired performance.
12. The BRSCB assembly as claimed in claim 11, wherein the sleeve is provided with a plurality of peripheral slots.
13. The BRSCB assembly as claimed in claim 11, wherein the BRSCB assembly is embedded in concrete without the sleeve.
14. The BRSCB assembly as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the BRSCB assembly is assembled as a cage of at least one of square and rectangular shaped column according to a structure; the structure comprises the plurality of bars cladded with at least one of the plurality of opposing springs placed on a circumference and over a body of the structure; and the body is tied with peripheral ties as desired for a given shape of column for a passive embedment in a suitable medium; and wherein the suitable medium comprises at least one of concrete and soil.
15. The BRSCB assembly as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the BRSCB assembly is formed with the plurality of bars and each of the plurality of bars is wrapped with the clockwise and the anticlockwise opposing springs housed in a sleeve with a gap; and the gap is grouted to achieve desired performance.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
(1) The detailed description is set forth with reference to the accompanying figures. In the figures, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. The use of the same reference numbers in different figures indicates similar or identical items.
(2) FIG. 1a illustrates a single element having one-way spring in a BRSCB with grips at end, according to an embodiment herein;
(3) FIG. 1b illustrates a cage assembly of a one-way spring in a BRSCB with grips at end, according to an embodiment herein;
(4) FIG. 1c illustrates a single element having one-way spring in a BRSCB without grips at end, according to an embodiment herein;
(5) FIG. 1d illustrates a cage assembly of a one-way spring in a BRSCB without grips at end, according to an embodiment herein;
(6) FIG. 2a illustrates a concrete structure of a one-way spring in a BRSCB with grips at end, according to an embodiment herein;
(7) FIG. 2b illustrates a concrete structure of a one-way spring in a BRSCB without grips at end, according to an embodiment herein;
(8) FIG. 3a illustrates a single element having an opposing spring in a BRSCB, with grips at end, according to another embodiment herein;
(9) FIG. 3b illustrates a cage assembly of an opposing spring in a BRSCB with grips at end, according to another embodiment herein;
(10) FIG. 3c illustrates a single element having an opposing spring in a BRSCB, without grips at end, according to another embodiment herein;
(11) FIG. 4a illustrates a concrete structure of an opposing spring in a BRSCB without grips at end, according to another embodiment herein;
(12) FIG. 4b illustrates a concrete structure of an opposing spring in a BRSCB with grips at end, according to another embodiment herein;
(13) FIG. 4c illustrates a cage assembly of an opposing spring in a BRSCB with a perforated sleeve, according to another embodiment herein;
(14) FIG. 5a illustrates a single element having one-way spring with sleeve in a BRSCB, according to an embodiment herein;
(15) FIG. 5b illustrates a single element having one-way spring with perforated sleeve in a BRSCB, according to an embodiment herein;
(16) FIG. 6a illustrates a single element having opposing spring with sleeve in a BRSCB, according to another embodiment herein;
(17) FIG. 6b illustrates a single element having opposing spring placed in a perforated sleeve, according to another embodiment herein;
(18) FIG. 7a illustrates perspective view of a single core having opposing spring placed in a sleeve, according to another embodiment herein;
(19) FIG. 7b illustrates perspective view of a multiple core having opposing spring placed in a sleeve, according to another embodiment herein;
(20) FIG. 8a illustrates a top view of a concrete cage structure of an opposing spring in a BRSCB with multiple bar, according to another embodiment herein;
(21) FIG. 8b illustrates a side view of a concrete cage structure of an opposing spring in a BRSCB with multiple bar, according to another embodiment herein;
(22) FIG. 9a illustrates a top view of a concrete cage structure of an opposing spring in a BRSCB with multiple bar, each rod wrapped with one-way spring, according to another embodiment herein;
(23) FIG. 9b illustrates a side view of a concrete cage structure of an opposing spring in a BRSCB with multiple bar, each rod wrapped with one-way spring, according to another embodiment herein;
(24) FIG. 10a illustrates a top view of a concrete cage structure of an opposing spring in a BRSCB with multiple bar, each rod wrapped with opposing spring, according to another embodiment herein;
(25) FIG. 10b illustrates a side view of a concrete cage structure of an opposing spring in a BRSCB with multiple bar, each rod wrapped with opposing spring, according to another embodiment herein; and
(26) FIG. 11 illustrates a comparison graph between conventional concrete and a BRSCB, according to an embodiment herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
(27) The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained more fully with reference to the non-limiting embodiments and detailed in the following description. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.
(28) As mentioned above, there is a need for a system to improve lateral confinement of compression system uniformly to withstand both compression and tension. Further, there is a need for a structure to improve ductility when embedded in reinforced concrete structure. The embodiments herein achieve this by providing a Buckling Resistant Spring Clad Bar (BRSCB) with either one-way spring or opposing spring on a bar. Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to FIGS. 1 through 9, where similar reference characters denote corresponding features consistently throughout the figures, there are shown preferred embodiments.
(29) According to an embodiment, a sleeve-spring clad core system (herein after BRSCB) to improve lateral confinement of compression system uniformly to withstand both compression and tension. The BRSCB comprises, a plurality of bar, a plurality of one-way spring, and a plurality of peripheral ties; wherein the bar is a confinable bar of any material; wherein the one-way spring wrapped around the bar, wherein the diameter of the one-way spring is greater than diameter of the bar; The BRSCB further comprises of a plurality of grips; wherein the grips are provided at least at both the end of the bar to hold the assembly firmly and to avoid end slippage of the one-way spring.
(30) According to an embodiment, the multiple BRSCB can be assembled as a cage of square or circular or any shaped column according to a structure requirement; wherein the structure comprises multiple bars, each cladded with one-way spring with or without grips placed on the circumference and in the body as desired for a given shape of column, securely tied with peripheral ties. Further, the BRSCB can be placed centrally to a sleeve with at least a gap between one-way spring and the sleeve of suitable material; wherein the gap is grouted to get the performance. Further, the sleeve can be either perforated sleeve or plain sleeve. The BRSCB formed with multiple bars and each wrapped with the one-way springs are housed in the sleeve with at least a gap.
(31) According to another embodiment, a BRSCB to improve lateral confinement of compression system uniformly to withstand both compression and tension. Further, the system is designed in such a way so as to improve ductility of the structure when embedded in reinforced concrete. The BRSCB comprises, a plurality of bar, a plurality of counter springs of same coil diameter, a plurality of grips, and a plurality of peripheral ties; wherein the bar is a confinable bar of any material; wherein the counter springs wrapped around bar; wherein the coil diameter of the spring is greater than diameter of the bar; wherein the grips are provided at least at both the end of the bar to hold the assembly firmly and to avoid slippage of the opposing springs; and wherein the bars are securely tied by the peripheral ties at multiple locations to maintain stability of the system.
(32) According to another embodiment, the BRSCB can be placed central to a sleeve with a gap between the opposing spring and the sleeve; wherein the gap is grouted to get the desired performance. Further, the BRSCB can also be formed with multiple bars and each wrapped with clockwise and anticlockwise opposing springs housed in the sleeve with at least gap.
(33) FIG. 1a illustrates a single element having one-way spring 100a in a BRSCB with grips at end, according to an embodiment. The single element of the BRSCB comprises a bar 103, a one-way spring 102 and an end grip 101; wherein the bar 103 is confinable bar of any material and is cladded with the one-way spring 102. The end grips 101 are provided at both ends of the bar 103, to hold assembly firmly to avoid end slippage. Optionally, intermediate grips are provided to connect the one-way spring and the bar to improve stiffness of the one-way spring.
(34) According to an embodiment, when compression load is applied on cage, each bar can receive a load that is proportional to its capacity. Under axial compression, spring can compress ahead of the bar and increase its capacity for confinement. As the pitch reduces, the capacity of the spring can restrain bar from lateral movement/buckling. Accordingly, the bar assumes multiple curvatures instead of a single profile. As a result, vertical capacity of bar increases, consequently its ability to sustain load increases. This feature results in improved ductility of the structure.
(35) FIG. 1b illustrates a cage assembly 100b of a one-way spring in a BRSCB with grips at end, according to an embodiment. The cage assembly comprises of multiple bars 103 that are connected together by a plurality of peripheral ties 104 at multiple locations to maintain stability of the system. The peripheral ties can securely tie the bars 103 to form the desired shape that includes but is not limited to circular column, square, rectangular and so on. Further, the multiple bars 103 can be placed on the circumference and in the cage body as desired for a given shape of column; wherein each bar 103 is wrapped/cladded with the one-way spring 102 using springs of diameter marginally more than the bar 103.
(36) FIG. 1c illustrates a single element having one-way spring 100c in a BRSCB without grips at end, according to an embodiment. The single element having one-way spring in the BRSCB can be assembled without grips at end.
(37) FIG. 1d illustrates a cage assembly of a one-way spring 100d in a BRSCB without grips at end, according to an embodiment. The cage assembly of a one-way spring in the BRSCB can be assembled without grips at end.
(38) FIG. 2a illustrates a concrete structure of a one-way spring 200a in a BRSCB with grips at end, according to an embodiment. The concrete structure of a one-way spring in a BRSCB can be assembled with grips at end 101. The cage assembly can be embedded in the reinforced concrete to improve the ductility and stability of the structure.
(39) FIG. 2b illustrates a concrete structure of a one-way spring in a BRSCB without grips at end, according to an embodiment. The concrete structure of a one-way spring in a BRSCB can be assembled without grips at end.
(40) FIG. 3a illustrates a single element having opposing spring 300a in a BRSCB with grips at end, according to another embodiment. The single element of the counter spring cladded compression system comprises a bar 103, an opposing spring and an end grip 303. The opposing spring comprises clockwise spring 301 and anticlockwise spring 302. One set of clockwise 301 and anticlockwise springs 302 is inserted from opposite sides and then the bar 103 is passed through to lock the springs. The springs are of same core diameter and pitch. This arrangement of inserting the bar avoids staggered arrangement. The end grips 303 are provided at both ends of the bar, to hold assembly firmly to avoid end slippage. Optionally, intermediate grips are provided to connect the opposing spring and the bar to improve stiffness of the opposing spring.
(41) FIG. 3b illustrates a cage assembly of an opposing spring 300b in a BRSCB with grips at end, according to another embodiment. The cage assembly comprises of multiple bars 103 that are connected together by a plurality of peripheral ties 104 at multiple locations to maintain stability of the system. The peripheral ties can securely tie the bars 103 to form the desired shape that includes but is not limited to circular column, square, rectangular and so on. Further, the multiple bars 103 can be placed on the circumference and in the cage body as desired for a given shape of column; wherein each bar 103 is wrapped/cladded with the opposing spring (301 & 302) using springs of diameter marginally more than the bar 103.
(42) FIG. 3c illustrates a single element having opposing spring 300c in a BRSCB, without grips at end according to another embodiment. The single element having opposing spring in the BRSCB can be assembled without end grips.
(43) FIG. 4a illustrates a concrete structure of an opposing spring 400a in a BRSCB without grips at end, according to another embodiment. The cage assembly can be embedded in the reinforced concrete to improve the ductility and stability of the structure.
(44) FIG. 4b illustrates a concrete structure of an opposing spring 400b in a BRSCB with grips at end, according to another embodiment. The concrete structure of an opposing spring in a BRSCB can be assembled with end grips 303.
(45) FIG. 5a illustrates a single element having one-way spring with sleeve 500a in a BRSCB, according to an embodiment. The single element of the bar 103 that is wrapped with the one-way spring can be embedded in a sleeve 502 to improve the lateral restraining of bar. An allowable displacement 501 between end grip and the sleeve is also provided.
(46) FIG. 5b illustrates a single element having one-way spring with perforated sleeve 500b in a BRSCB, according to an embodiment. The single element of the bar 103 that is wrapped with the one-way spring can be embedded in a perforated sleeve of any material having hoop resistance 503 according to the requirement.
(47) FIG. 6a illustrates a single element having opposing spring with sleeve 600a in a BRSCB, according to an embodiment. The single element of the bar 103 that is wrapped with the opposing spring can be embedded in a sleeve 502 to improve the structure stability. An allowable displacement 501 between end grip and the sleeve is also provided.
(48) FIG. 6b illustrates a single element having opposing spring placed in a perforated sleeve 600b, according to another embodiment. The single element of the bar 103 that is wrapped with the opposing spring can be embedded in a perforated sleeve 503 of any material having hoop resistance according to the requirement.
(49) FIG. 4c illustrates a cage assembly 400c of an opposing spring in a BRSCB with a perforated sleeve, according to another embodiment. The single element of the bar 103 that is wrapped with the opposing spring can be embedded in a perforated sleeve 503 of any material having hoop resistance according to the requirement. The cage assembly 400c comprises of multiple bars 103 that are connected together by a plurality of peripheral ties 104 at multiple locations to maintain stability of the system. The peripheral ties 104 can securely tie the bars 103 to form the desired shape that includes but is not limited to circular column, square, rectangular and so on. Further, the multiple bars 103 can be placed on the circumference and in the cage body as desired for a given shape of column; wherein each bar 103 is wrapped/cladded with the opposing spring (301 & 302) using springs of diameter marginally more than the bar 103.
(50) FIG. 7a illustrates perspective view of a single element having opposing spring placed in a sleeve 700a, according to an embodiment. In between the sleeve and the single bar an allowable gap is provided. The gap is grouted to get the desired performance and reduce friction. In some cases, there may not any requirement for the gap.
(51) FIG. 7b illustrates perspective view of a single rebar having opposing spring placed in a sleeve 700b, according to another embodiment. The multiple bars 103, each wrapped with the opposing springs are also housed in the sleeve 502 for higher load carrying capacity and ductility improvement. The same can be implemented for the bar 103 each wrapped with one-way spring.
(52) FIG. 8a illustrates a top view 800a of a circular shape concrete structure of an opposing spring in a BRSCB, according to an embodiment. The top view of the circular shape concrete structure of an opposing spring in the BRSCB shows the peripheral ties 104 and the bars 103. The bars are arranged in such a way to obtain the circular shape for the concrete structure.
(53) FIG. 8b illustrates a side view 800b of a circular shape concrete structure of an opposing spring in a BRSCB, according to an embodiment. In the circular shape concrete structure, the bars 103 that are wrapped with opposing (clockwise 301 and anticlockwise 302) springs are inserted into each other placed at the periphery or the circumference of the cage assembly.
(54) FIG. 9a illustrates a top view 900a of a concrete cage structure of an opposing spring in a BRSCB with multiple bar, each rod wrapped with one-way spring, according to an embodiment. The top view of a concrete cage structure of an opposing spring in a BRSCB with multiple bar, each rod wrapped with one-way spring shows the peripheral ties 104 and the bars 103. The bars are arranged in such a way to obtain the circular shape for the concrete structure.
(55) FIG. 9b illustrates a side view 900b of a concrete cage structure of an opposing spring in a BRSCB with multiple bar, each rod wrapped with one-way spring, according to an embodiment. In the circular shape concrete structure, bar wrapped with one-way spiral, the bars 103 that are wrapped with opposing (clockwise 301 and anticlockwise 302) springs are inserted into each other placed at the periphery or the circumference of the cage assembly.
(56) FIG. 10a illustrates a top view 1000a of a concrete cage structure of an opposing spring in a BRSCB with multiple bar, each rod wrapped with opposing spring, according to an embodiment. The top view of a concrete cage structure of an opposing spring in a BRSCB with multiple bar, each rod wrapped with opposing spring shows the peripheral ties 104 and the bars 103. The bars are arranged in such a way to obtain the circular shape for the concrete structure.
(57) FIG. 10b illustrates a side view 1000b of a concrete cage structure of an opposing spring in a BRSCB with multiple bar, each rod wrapped with opposing spring, according to an embodiment. In the circular shape concrete structure, bar wrapped with opposing spiral (clockwise 301 and anticlockwise 302) springs are inserted into each other, the bars 103 that are wrapped with opposing spirals (clockwise 301 and anticlockwise 302) springs are inserted into each other placed at the periphery or the circumference of the cage assembly.
(58) FIG. 11 illustrates a comparison graph 1100 between conventional concrete and a BRSCB according to an embodiment. The comparison graph between conventional concrete with bars and peripheral ties passively embedded in concrete and a Buckling Resistant Spring Clad Bar (BRSCB) with bar wrapped with opposing springs, passively embedded in concrete. A graphical representation between load and axial displacement can clearly shows the improvement in ductility of the structure. The load applied is in Kilo Newton and axial displacement that is measured is in mm. When the load is applied on the specimen, the axial displacement for a conventional reinforced concrete specimen with circular hoops/peripheral ties 901 increases and at one point onwards, it starts loosing capacity rapidly indicating reduced ductility. However, when the load is applied on the specimen, the axial displacement for a reinforced concrete specimen with opposing spring cladded bar & ties 902 shows stable increase in axial displacement without appreciable loss of capacity indicating appreciable improvement in ductility.
(59) The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments herein have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as described herein.
