DEVICE AND METHOD FOR REDUCING URINARY RETENTION

Abstract

A device to facilitate urination by a male includes a vessel having a contact surface area at and adjacent a top edge of the vessel configured to be placed in contact with the penis. The contact surface area includes a thermally conductive material and has a shape configured to reduce pressure requirements for urination from a standing position as compared with urinating into a toilet from a standing position. A method of reducing urinary retention in a male includes contacting the penis of the male with a contact surface area of a device, which may be as described above, and urinating while the male is in a standing position with the penis in contact with the contact surface area, wherein the contact surface area comprises a thermally conductive material and is at an initial temperature at least 14° F. lower than a temperature of the penis.

Claims

1. A device to facilitate urination by a male, comprising a vessel having a contact surface area at and adjacent a top edge of the vessel configured to be placed in contact with the penis, the vessel being capable of collecting urine, wherein the contact surface area comprises a thermally conductive material, and wherein the vessel is configured to reduce pressure requirements for urination from a standing position as compared with urinating into a toilet from a standing position.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the thermally conductive material has a thermal conductivity of greater than 20 watts per meter-kelvin.

3. The device according to claim 1, where the device has a protrusion extending outwardly from an outer wall of the vessel, with the protrusion having a contact surface area configured to contact the scrotum of the male.

4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the vessel comprises an antimicrobial coating on its surfaces.

5. The device according to claim 3, wherein the contact surface area of the protrusion comprises a thermally conductive material having a thermal conductivity of at least 20 watts per meter-kelvin.

6. A method for reducing the frequency of nocturia for a male, comprising contacting the penis of the male with the contact surface area of the device according to claim 1 and urinating while the penis in contact with the contact surface area.

7. A method for extending the longest daily interval between urinations for a male, comprising contacting the penis of the male with contact surface area of the device according to claim 1 and urinating while the penis in contact with the contact surface area.

8. A method for increasing the average duration of sleep for a male, comprising contacting the penis of the male with the contact surface area of the device according to claim 1 and urinating while the penis in contact with the contact surface area.

9. A method for reducing the number of daily incontinence episodes in a male, comprising contacting the penis of the male with the contact surface area of the device according to claim 1 and urinating while the penis in contact with the contact surface area.

10. A method for assisting initiating of urination in a male with pelvic floor hyperactivity comprising contacting the penis of the male with contact surface area of the device according to claim 1 and urinating while the penis in contact with the contact surface area.

11. A method for reducing IPSS survey scores of a group of male users versus male non-users, comprising contacting the penis of each male user with contact surface area of the device according to claim 1 and urinating while the penis in contact with the contact surface area.

12. A method of reducing urinary retention in a male, comprising contacting the penis of the male with a contact surface area of a device and urinating while the male is in a standing position with the penis in contact with the contact surface area, wherein the contact surface area comprises a thermally conductive material and is at an initial temperature at least 14° F. lower than a temperature of the penis.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the device comprises a vessel having the contact surface area at and adjacent a top edge of the vessel, the vessel being capable of collecting urine, wherein the contact surface area has a shape configured to reduce hydrostatic pressure requirements for urination from a standing position as compared with urinating into a toilet from a standing position.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the thermally conductive material has a thermal conductivity of greater than 20 watts per meter-kelvin.

15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the contact surface area is at least 0.5 square inches.

16. The method according to claim 13, wherein the contact surface area is at least 1 square inch.

17. The method according to claim 14, wherein the contact surface area of the vessel slopes inwardly from the top edge of the vessel toward the bottom of the vessel.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein, when the top edge of the vessel is horizontal, the contact surface area is at an angle of less than 40° to vertical.

19. The method according to claim 13, wherein the contact surface area has an angled, curved or concave shape to increase contact with the penis.

20. The method according to claim 13, wherein the top edge of the vessel has an hourglass shape comprising two wider portions forming openings separated by a narrower portion.

21. The method according to claim 13, wherein the contact surface area comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, steel, aluminum, tin, copper, nickel, zinc, iron, magnesium and brass.

22. The method according to claim 13, wherein the vessel includes markings to show volume.

23. The method according to claim 13, wherein the vessel comprises an antimicrobial coating on its surfaces.

24. The method according to claim 13, wherein the contact surface area comprises a thermally conductive material having a thermal conductivity of at least 20 watts per meter-kelvin.

25. The method according to claim 13, wherein at least some portions other than the contact surface area comprises a material having a thermal conductivity less than that of the contact surface area.

26. The method according to claim 13, further comprising treating the male with a drug therapy selected from the group of alpha blockers, 5α-reductase inhibitors and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors.

27. The method of claim 13, further comprising at least one additional urination prior to urinating while the male is in a standing position with the penis in contact with the contact surface area, wherein a void interval between urinations is less than five minutes.

28. The method of claim 13, further comprising at least one additional urination prior to urinating while the male is in a standing position with the penis in contact with the contact surface area, wherein a void interval between urinations is less than ten minutes, and the retained urine in the bladder is reduced at least 20% for a given patient population.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the device of the present invention, with penis inserted, using an hourglass (or figure-eight shape) for the vessel for maximal skin exposure.

[0052] FIGS. 2A and 2B contrast the urine stream pressure required to reach a toilet from standing position (FIG. 2A) and the pressure required to urinate in the device of the present invention (FIG. 2B).

[0053] FIG. 3 is a device that is made from two distinct materials.

[0054] FIG. 4 is a device with a curved area to increase surface contact with the penis.

[0055] FIG. 5 has a “ski slope” feature to increase surface contact area with the penis.

[0056] FIG. 6 has a protrusion to promote contact with the scrotum.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0057] One embodiment of the invention is a vessel made of a high thermal transfer material, in which is placed the penis of a standing man, preferably with the device touching directly or indirectly the scrotum, transfers heat from the body to the vessel, and assists in passing urine and reducing retention of urine in the bladder. This transfer involves the loss of penile (and/or scrotum) heat (perceived coldness) to the vessel. The device is not intended by itself to be a treatment for BPH but is meant as a key adjunct to medication and surgical type procedures. While the physiological reason for the device assisting in passing urine and reducing retention of urine in the bladder is not completely known, it is postulated that, the device assists in passing urine and reducing retention of urine in the bladder because of thermal conductivity (described hereinafter) and because the pressure of a standing male, whose penis is directed downwards in its natural position, avoids kinks in the urethra when voiding which might otherwise be caused by the growing inelasticity of the male's urethra with aging. In addition, the use of the device reduces pressure required to propel urine on a forward trajectory to a toilet or urinal.

[0058] In adults older than 50 years, 30-100 ml or more of residual urine may remain after each voiding because of the decreased contractility of the detrusor muscle or lack of sufficient pressure to expel urine into the toilet bowl. There may be a lack of a stimulus to release the urinary sphincter musculature. In retention, ultrasound of the bladder may show increase in bladder residual urine.

[0059] The present invention relates to a non-invasive device that can be used to reduce or effectively eliminate urine retention; we call this device the virtual catheter. The virtual catheter is a vessel used to collect urine, typically from a standing male (though the virtual catheter may be used from non-standing positions)

[0060] The virtual catheter device, described herein, provides thermal transfer, reduced pressure and unknown neurogenic based stimulus to release the urinary sphincter and initiate and continue urination, and help the user of the virtual catheter to more fully evacuate the bladder of urine.

[0061] By placing the penis into the high thermal transfer vessel, made of, e.g., metal such as stainless steel, shaped as to maximize contact with penile skin and ideally, also directly or indirectly holding the device against the scrotum, preferably while the man is standing, which increases gravitational pressure and reduces pressure needed to push urine forward to a toilet, it becomes far easier to release the sphincter and void into the vessel and more completely empty the bladder. In terms of temperature, the vessel may be at room temperature let us say 70 degrees F. and the penile and scrotal skin may be at body temperature of approximately 98.6° F. or slightly lower. This effect in the standing position with accompanying increased pressure, causes more complete voiding (though not requiring the pressure required to direct urine to a conventional toilet). The inventors are not aware of this temperature effect ever being used in a method or device for passing urine and/or reducing retention of urine in the bladder. However, an urge to urinate may be experienced by men with BPH when coming inside from a zone of different temperature, such as coming into a warm building from the cold. The neurogenic reason for the temperature effect is not determinable.

[0062] The device may feature a contact area for the scrotum, typically a protrusion or raised area that rises away from the shape of the vessel. The contact area is typically a discreet protrusion, rather than a protrusion that goes all the way around the vessel, so as to avoid interference with the handle. However, it is possible to have a protrusion that goes all the way around the vessel that does not interfere with the handle. The protrusion has a contact surface area that typically will have identical or comparable thermoconductive properties as the contact surface area for the penis itself The protrusion allows for an ergonomic fit wherein the scrotum is contacted.

[0063] While it is expressly contemplated that the vessel can be used for non-BPH patient populations, it is generally desirable that the vessel be of a suitable weight for an older person to comfortably hold. Preferably, the dry weight of the vessel is less than 750 grams, preferably less than 650 grams, more preferably less than 550 grams, and most preferably less than 500 grams. These mass ranges are not limitative.

[0064] Now this non-intrusive device allows for the more complete passage of urine, more complete emptying of the bladder even after a user's double urinary void in the toilet (see testing results discussed below). This is especially useful at night after the double void but is also useful in the daytime after a single void in the toilet and again as can be seen in a test subject. It increases the time interval wherein the urge to void returns. In certain embodiments, in increases the time between voids by many minutes. Average times between voids for a given group (measured as average time between voids, excluding double voids) may be increased by seven minutes or more, preferably ten minutes or more, more preferably 12 minutes or more, most preferably 18 minutes or more as compared with a control group. The average void times may be measured on a 24 hour cycle, or measured during the day or non-sleeping cycles.

[0065] In addition, it has been found that it can reduce the time interval between the first and second void, (IBD) by use of the vessel described for the second void.

[0066] It is a purpose of the virtual catheter device to facilitate urination using thermal conductivity—using a temperature stimulus—on the penis and optionally the scrotum, directly or indirectly, as well as reducing required pressure since the patient is standing and the penis is pointing downward in its usual position therefore avoiding any kinking of the urethra in the older individual with less tissue elasticity

[0067] A device may be made that creates the thermoconductive effect of the present invention but is easy to use when the user is seated on the toilet. Such a device may comprise a contact surface for the penis and/or scrotum but not be a vessel for receiving or collecting urine, since it may be difficult to maneuver the vessel into place for a user seated on toilet. In such a configuration, the device may be a manageable stick-like device with contact surface area for the penis and or/scrotum that can be comfortable contacted with the penis in a non-standing position, for example a user on the toilet.

[0068] There is a need for a non-invasive treatment to reduce urinary retention.

[0069] It is an object of certain embodiments of the present invention to assist a patient in more consistently evacuating the bladder, i.e., substantially reducing or eliminating retained urine in the bladder. Retained urine volume may be, for a given urination protocol, may be reduced at least 10%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, most preferably at least 40% for a given patient population as compared with a control group. Retained urine may be measured after voiding, after double voiding, or measured using random or set test protocols.

[0070] It is an object of certain embodiments of the present invention to extend or prolong sleeping intervals for patients that are otherwise awoken by urinary urgency, including inter alia users who suffer with BPH.

[0071] Shortening double or triple void times can make it easier for patients to fall back asleep by reducing the period of time between voids during which time a patient may become distracted, become fully awake, and have a harder time falling back asleep. This reduces their total sleep time. Such periods of being awake may also reduce the activity of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

[0072] Improvement in sleep—whether total sleep, interrupted sleep intervals, increases in REM sleep—can all significantly improve quality of life for patients with urinary issues.

[0073] Normally, the amount of ADH in the body is higher during the night. This helps prevent urination while you are sleeping. But if the levels of ADH remain low during the night, the body will produce large amounts of urine, so urination during the night is more likely. Hence the importance of the reduced DVI so as to not reduce ADH formation.

[0074] It is an object of certain embodiments of the present invention to reduce the risk (and frequency) of urinary tract infections (UTI). It is an object of embodiments of the present invention to reduce the prevalence of UTI in adult males (including adult males with BPH) by at least 15%, preferably by at least 20%, most preferably by at least 25%, as compared with a similarly aged, healthy control group.

[0075] It is an object of certain embodiments of the present invention to reduce urinary tract infections, in incidence and/or severity, on a statistically significant level.

[0076] It is an object of certain embodiments of the present invention to reduce or eliminate the formation of bladder stones, through a modality of reducing or eliminating retained urine. It is an object of certain embodiments of the present invention to reduce the incidence of bladder calculi in men with BPH by at least 2.5%, preferably by at least 10%, most preferably by at least 20%, as compared with a similarly aged (or otherwise appropriately batched), control group not using the virtual catheter.

[0077] It is an object of certain embodiments of the present invention to reduce or eliminate the need for conventional catheter placement after certain urological procedures, increasing patient comfort, decreasing the need for follow on medical care, and reducing the risk of scarring and other tissue damage for urethral catheter insertion.

[0078] It is an object of certain embodiments of the present invention to employ the virtual catheter as a diagnostic device to ascertain retained urine after conventional urination (potentially replacing the need for ultrasound or other imaging to determine retained urine after the patient pees).

[0079] It is an object of certain embodiments of the present invention to allow a user of the virtual catheter to track urine collection over time.

[0080] It is an object of the invention to reduce the time interval between double voiding, the double voiding interval (DVI). Double voiding is almost universally recommended in all patients with BPH.

[0081] In certain embodiments, the virtual catheter is prescribed for a patient in conjunction with a pharmaceutical agent, including without limitation, one or more of: alpha blockers such as tamsulosin, 5α-reductase inhibitors such as finasteride, and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, such as tadalafil. The virtual catheter may be prescribed or used with other drug therapies, and or device therapies. In certain embodiments, the virtual catheter is prescribed together with one or more of the above-reference drugs, optionally as a drug-device combination.

[0082] Embodiments of the present invention promote more complete urinary flow and prevent dribbling.

[0083] Embodiments of the present invention comprise a non-invasive device that is placed in contact with the penis prior to, and during, urination.

[0084] Typically, the user's urine is collected in the device, and then emptied by the user.

[0085] Typically, the device is used by a standing user, but it is possible to use the device in a non-standing position. The ability to stand using the virtual catheter is a significant advantage; many older males find it uncomfortable to repeatedly sit and stand from the toilet, particularly in view of their frequent urination patterns.

[0086] Embodiments of the present invention comprise a cup or vessel. Optionally, the outer margin is ergonomically designed to increase surface area contact between the upper edge of the cup shaped device and the penis. Optionally, the upper, inner portion is ergonomically designed to increase surface area contact between the upper, inner portion of the cup shaped device and the penis.

[0087] Two mechanisms are employed, which are both novel to the literature and medical practice.

[0088] The first mechanism is the use of a temperature differential as a stimulus. The second mechanism is in the reduction of required pressure. The combination of these two mechanisms provides improved results.

[0089] In embodiments of the present invention, the penis is placed against a material that is lower in temperature surface body temperature (here, temperature of the penis). This temperature differential is preferably at least 15° F., preferably at least 20° F., more preferably at least 25° F., and most preferably at least 35° F.

[0090] Normal temperature of a flaccid penis is 91.7° F. to 92.8° F., as reported in the literature. Thus, a cup shaped device at ambient temperature of 75° F. will have a temperature differential with the penis of approximately 17° F. Now, according to Vivint.com, the average ambient temperature of a home is 68 to 76 degrees (https://www.vivint.com/resources/article/best-home-room-temperature—link retrieved on Jun. 7, 2021). The result is that ambient temperature in a home will tend to generate a significant temperature differential.

[0091] Preferably, the temperature differential is 15-40° F., preferably 25-35° F.

[0092] Rarely, it may be advantageous to chill the virtual catheter to temperatures below ambient temperatures. In such cases where the virtual catheter is chilled, a larger temperature differential will be achieved, i.e., a temperature differential of greater than 40° F.

[0093] In certain embodiments, the virtual catheter is sold, supplied, marketed, and/or approved for sale in conjunction with a cooler or refrigerator unit. Such unit may further charge the virtual catheter where the virtual catheter has a battery, Cooling and refrigeration may be combined with a cleaning system as part of the same or different units.

[0094] In certain embodiments, some or all of the material comprising the contact surface with the penis (and/or scrotum), are selected for thermal conductive properties. Generally, the higher the thermal conductive properties, the greater the effect of the temperature differential on promoting urinary flow.

[0095] Preferably, the contact surface area is comprised in part, substantially or entirely, of a material with a high thermal conductivity, measured in watts per meter-kelvin, of greater than 20, preferably greater than 100, more preferably greater than 200, and most preferably greater than 300 watts per meter-kelvin.

[0096] A preferred thermal conductivity range for the contact surface area is 20 to 500 watts per meter-kelvin.

[0097] Generally, the contact surface area must be adequate to provide a sufficient temperature-based stimulus.

[0098] In certain embodiments, the contact surface area between the vessel and the penis is at least 0.5 inch.sup.2, preferably at least 0.75 inch.sup.2, more preferable at least 1 inch.sup.2, and most preferably at least 1.25 inch.sup.2, measured as an average for a typical group of users (which may be general users or a specific sup-population of users).

[0099] In certain embodiments, the contact surface area between the vessel and the scrotum is at least 0.25 inch.sup.2, preferably at least 0.5 inch.sup.2, more preferable at least 0.8 inch.sup.2, and most preferably at least 1 inch.sup.2, measured as an average for a typical group of users (which may be general users or a specific sup-population of users).

[0100] In other embodiments, the internal wall of the virtual catheter will be sloped inwards to accommodate contact area between member and receptable wall, i.e. the penis is supported on the inward-sloping surface. Preferably, substantially all or all of the contact surface area is a high thermally conductive material.

[0101] In other embodiments, the virtual catheter will comprise a short ramp portion, akin to a ski jump, to accommodate the member and provide additional contact surface area. The ski jump is angled downwards from the plane of the top of the virtual catheter, in most embodiments. Generally, it is desirable that the “ski jump” be short enough for the tip of the penis to extend past it. The “ski jump” may be concave in shape to facilitate additional contact surface between penis and the “ski jump”.

[0102] Concave, curved, or angled shapes to promote contact surface area may be employed in various designs. The vessel may use a tighter curve to increase contact surface area; a figure eight shape may be useful to have two ends with a tighter curve than would be the case for a comparably sized cylindrical design. and the handle convenient for a right or left handed person.

[0103] The geometry of the virtual catheter is important. As a receptable, the virtual catheter has a receptable function and typically will take the general form of a cup. It is not necessary for the virtual catheter to take the form of a cup, as the essential functionality is delineated above as a function of temperature stimulation and reducing pressure requirements.

[0104] The virtual catheter may channel urine into a toilet or other proper sewer, e.g., by means of a tube extending from the bottom of the vessel; it may use a separate disposable collection depot like a conventional catheter bag, provided that the virtual catheter has the ability to provide temperature stimulation to the penis and or scrotum, and reduce pressure requirements. It is conceivable that the device and method of the invention can use a tube having thermal conductive properties configured to be placed around the shaft of the penis during urination. Nonetheless, a cup like shape is the preferred embodiment.

[0105] In preferred embodiments, the weight of the virtual catheter should be comfortable to hold. Typically, the virtual catheter will have at least one external handle. The virtual catheter may have more than one external handle, for example and without limitation, two handles.

[0106] The virtual catheter is intended for use when the patient is standing, but may be used in other positions.

[0107] In certain embodiments, the vessel may be comprised of different materials or difference surfaces. As a non-limitative, example, the vessel may have a contact surface area made from stainless steel and the rest (or other parts) of the vessel may be made from a plastic.

[0108] The interior of the vessel have be made from, or have a coating or other application of relatively insulative material to prevent urine from warming the contact surface area(s) during use.

[0109] Recovery of the temperature differential between the virtual catheter and body temperature must be considered. The use of a urine-contact area with low thermal transfer properties can speed recovery. By urine contact area, we mean the portion of the vessel in contact with urine after urination into the vessel (i.e. where the urine tends to flow into the vessel—the bottom portion), understanding that there may be incidental deposit of urine on the intended contact surface area for the penis.

[0110] Preferably, the urine-contact area surface has a thermal conductivity of less than 5 watts per meter-kelvin, preferably less than 1, more preferably less than 0.5, and most preferably less than 0.3 watts per meter-kelvin.

[0111] The interior of the cup device may be scored or otherwise marked to show volume of collected urine. The exterior of the cup may be scored or otherwise marked or designed to show volume of collected urine, particularly where the cup has a transparency to see the internal amount.

[0112] In certain embodiments, the device has a white interior in whole or in part (e.g., on the bottom) to facilitate colorometric analysis of the urine.

[0113] In certain embodiments, the device may be clear or transparent in whole or in part (e.g., on the bottom) to facilitate colorometric analysis of the urine. The device may comprise a light source to facilitate colorometric analysis.

[0114] In certain embodiments, the vessel is treated in whole, in part, or substantially with an anti-microbial coating, it being noted that it is important not to adversely affect the thermal conductive properties of the contact area in preferred embodiments.

[0115] As an alternative to coatings, materials may be employed which themselves have antimicrobial, anti-bacterial, or anti-fungal activity, e.g. (and without limitation) copper or silver.

[0116] In certain embodiments, the virtual catheter device may comprise a sensor to measure urine collected. The device may comprise a clock or timer to record the time of urine collections.

[0117] The device may comprise a dissolved solids meter. The device may comprise a thermistor or temperature sensor. The device may contain optical sensors, or other sensors to determine the value of an analyte. The device may contain a camera. The cup device may have wifi, Bluetooth, cellular, or other connectivity. The device may be capable of using connectivity to convey the time, duration, amount, flow rate, flow rate duration (and commencement and conclusion), temperature, dissolved solids, analyte levels, analyte measurements or other collected information to a database. Such a database may be in the cloud, on a computer, a phone or app. The database may be accessible by a patient, caregiver, physician, or other medical professional, and may be subject to pre-set alerts. Particularly as it relates to alerts, the contents of the present applicant's U.S. Pat. No. 7,824,612 are hereby incorporated by reference herein as if fully set forth herein. Such features may be particularly useful to monitor patients post urology procedures including surgical procedures.

[0118] In certain embodiments, the device may receive or otherwise be intended and/or designed to work with reagent sticks or strips (or other reagent embodiments) for diagnostic purposes.

[0119] In certain embodiments, the device may have a high thermal conductivity neck (and/or scrotum contact surface area) with an accordion like bottom so that it is more portable for travel.

[0120] In certain embodiments, the device has a vibratory feature for additional stimulus. The vibratory feature may be turned on using a button, or automatically be triggered by a light sensor, motion sensor, liquid sensor, or other sensor. Optionally, the device comprises a power source, such as a battery.

[0121] The virtual catheter may be supplied as part of a kit with specific cleaning materials and procedures. The virtual catheter may alternatively be supplied with a cleansing device that is capable of adequately cleaning and/or sterilizing the device. Cleansing methods may include the use of temperature, cleaning agents, and ultraviolet or other light wavelengths.

[0122] It is advantageous that the urinary virtual catheter be readily identifiable for its intended use, and not readily confusable with other items. Markings, indicia, and colors may be used for this purpose.

[0123] It is important to note that urine is normally free of bacterial contamination. In certain instances, in emergency situations, it has been recommended to clean a wound with one's own urine.

[0124] In certain embodiments, the virtual catheter is a disposable, single use device. Typically, the single use version will have a metal rim, with a paper or plastic lower collection portion. However, the disposable unit may be all metal or all thermoconductive material. Optionally, the single use device folds like an accordion, or otherwise can be folded or compacted for ease of portability before use.

[0125] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the device of the present invention, with penis inserted, using a figure-eight shape for the vessel. The device 1 of this embodiment includes a vessel 2 having a handle 4. An upper lip or edge 6 of the vessel 2 forms an opening 8. The upper lip or edge 6 of the vessel 2 forming the opening 8 (and cross-sectional shapes of the vessel 2 for at least a portion of the vessel adjacent the top edge 6, in planes substantially parallel to an upper lip/opening 6) may have, as shown in FIG. 1, an hourglass (or figure eight-like shape), i.e., two wider portions separated by a narrower portion. It is preferable but not required for the device 1 to include a handle 4. This shape allows for holding and use of the device by a right or left handed person.

[0126] The hourglass (or figure eight-like shape), or other concave, curved, or angled shapes promote greater contact surface area with the penis. The vessel 2 or at least the portion extending downward from the upper lip or edge 6 may use a tighter curve than that shown in FIG. 1 to increase contact surface area; a figure eight shape may be useful to have two ends with a tighter curve than would be the case for a comparably sized cylindrical design.

[0127] The internal wall 9 of the virtual catheter may be sloped inwardly from a top edge of the vessel to accommodate contact area between the penis and the receptable wall, i.e., it is configured for the penis to be supported on the inward-sloping surface. Preferably, substantially all or all of the contact surface area (area configured to be in contact with the penis and optionally the scrotum) or optionally all of the device 1 is made of or coated with a high thermally conductive material. Metals such as stainless steel, steel, silver, aluminum, tin, copper, nickel, tin, zinc, iron, magnesium (or its alloys or compounds), and brass are non-limitative examples of materials that may be employed for at least the contact surface area.

[0128] FIGS. 2A and 2B contrast the urine stream pressure illustrated with broken lines (and angle of the penis with respect to the vertical) required to reach a toilet from standing position (FIG. 2A) and the urine stream pressure illustrated with broken lines (and angle of the penis with respect to the vertical) required to urinate in the device of the present invention (FIG. 2B). As can be seen, the device can reduce the pressure necessary to expel urine as compared to reaching a toilet from standing position.

[0129] In certain embodiments, the vessel 2 may be comprised of different materials or different surfaces. As a non-limitative example, as shown in FIG. 3, the vessel 2 may have a contact surface area 2 inches sq made from a material with high thermal conductivity such as stainless steel and the non-contact portions 2″ of the vessel may be made from less thermally conductive material such as plastic. Preferably, the contact surface area 2′ has a high thermal conductivity, measured in watts per meter-kelvin, of greater than 20, preferably greater than 100, more preferably greater than 200, and most preferably greater than 300 watts per meter-kelvin.

[0130] The non-contact portion 2″ of the vessel has a low thermal conductivity, measured in watts per meter-kelvin, of less than 20, preferably less than 10, more preferably less than 2, and most preferably less than 1 watt per meter-kelvin. Many plastics have a thermo-conductivity of less than 1 watt per meter-kelvin.

[0131] All thermal conductivity coefficients described herein area measured at 20 C and 1 bar.

[0132] FIG. 4 shows a device with a curved area 10 having a radius of curvature similar to a radius of curvature of a flaccid penis configured to increase surface contact with the penis.

[0133] FIG. 5 shows an embodiment having a sloped portion 11 or “ski slope” feature configured to increase surface contact area with the penis.

[0134] FIG. 6 shows an embodiment having a protrusion 12 extending outwardly from an outer wall of the vessel configured to promote and increase contact area with the scrotum.

[0135] In certain embodiments, the internal wall 9 of the vessel 2 (or the curved area 10 or sloped portion 11) on which the penis rests is sloped inwardly from a top edge of the vessel 2 toward the bottom such that, when the upper edge 6 and bottom surface of the vessel 2 is horizontal, the internal wall 9 of the vessel 2 (or the curved area 10 or sloped portion 11) is not vertical but is at a downward angle of less than 45°, more preferably less than 35°, even more preferably less that 30° to vertical. By inward angle slope, we mean the slope measured from the top of the vertical axis at the side of the vessel, inwards. The embodiment of FIG. 2B has a very modest inward slope, substantially less than 30 degrees.

[0136] As noted infra, an inward slope may be a straight angle, but it may also be a generally sloped surface that is curved or otherwise angled or not shaped as a pure slope (see, e.g., FIG. 4).

[0137] In certain embodiments, the vessel can have an opening or openable drain near or in a bottom surface of the vessel to drain the urine from the vessel. The drain may further connect to a tube, or a secondary collection chamber, or other suitable receiving area for the urine.

[0138] It is contemplated that embodiments of the present invention may be used with various double and triple void techniques.

[0139] A non-limitative series of triple urinary iterations are contemplated including inter alia: (i) toilet, toilet, vessel; (ii) toilet, vessel ,vessel; (iii) vessel, vessel, vessel. A non-preferred sequence is (iv) vessel, vessel, toilet, or (v) vessel, toilet, toilet. These triple urinary sequences are preferably completed within a total of fifteen minutes, preferably within ten minutes, more preferably within seven minutes.

[0140] A non-limitative series of double urinary iterations are contemplated including inter alia: (i) toilet, vessel; and (ii) vessel, vessel. A non-preferred sequence is vessel, toilet. These double urinary sequences are preferable completed within a total of twelve minutes, preferably within ten minutes, more preferably within five minutes, and most preferably within three minutes.

[0141] The void interval is the time between voids. In the case of a double void, preferably, the void interval is less than ten minutes, preferably less than five minutes, and most preferably less than three minutes. The use of the vessel of the current invention allows for such brief effective void intervals, with substantial urine expulsion and minimizing retained urine.

[0142] The short duration of the complete sequences is particularly desirable to facilitate sleep, or to permit uninterrupted time during the day.

[0143] Embodiments of the present invention may be adapted for use by females.

EXAMPLE A

[0144] This experiment will have 3 cups: one plastic (low thermal conductivity); one stainless steel (moderate thermal conductivity); and one copper (high thermal conductivity).

[0145] A ETEKCITY model 774 infrared thermometer was used in this experiment.

[0146] The cups were stored at room temperature ambient conditions and a temperature reading of each cup was taken with the following results: Plastic-72 F; Stainless Steel-72 F; and Copper-72 F Next, a finger of an adult male was measured (as proxy for the penis) and showed a temperature of 92 F

[0147] Then, the finger was placed in the inside of each cup, and the adult male's temperature impression was recorded: (i) finger placed on inside of Plastic Cup . . . no distinct temperature feeling; (ii) finger placed on inside of Stainless Steel Cup distinct feeling of coolness; (3) finger placed on inside of Copper Cup . . . distinct and heightened feeling of cool/cold.

[0148] The conclusion of this experiment is that thermal conductivity is related to temperature perception/nervous system response.

EXAMPLE B

[0149] In this example, an approximately 80-year old male, with BPH, volunteered to use a stainless steel vessel and a copper vessel supplied to him, and record his results. By “use” the volunteer was instructed to urinate into the vessel while his penis was touching the inner lid.

[0150] As shown below, he typically voided his bladder as per his personal routine in the toilet, and then afterwards used the provided vessel. He reported his results as follow, with SS denoting stainless steel, and cu denoting copper. All voids were made standing. After urination in the vessel, the volunteer emptied the vessel into a scored beaker to measure the volume of evacuated urine. The volume figure is the urine collected in the vessel.

TABLE-US-00001 First Session, Example B 1.sup.st go - - - toilet 11:30 p.m.  2.sup.nd go - - - SS Cup 11:40 p.m.  70 ml 1.sup.st go - - - toilet 1:50 a.m  2.sup.nd go - - - SS Cup 2:01 a.m.  85 ml. 3.sup.rd go - - - SS Cup 2:07 a.m. 50 ml 1.sup.st go - - - toilet 5:03 a.m. 2.sup.nd go - - - SS Cup 5:13 a.m. 125 ml  1.sup.st go - - - toilet 7:06 a.m. 2.sup.nd go - - - SS Cup 7:18 a.m. 85 ml Day 1.sup.st go - - - toilet 2:45 p.m. 2.sup.nd go - - - SS Cup 2:53 p.m. 50 ml

TABLE-US-00002 Second Session, Example B 1.sup.st go 12:25  toilet 2.sup.nd go 12:34  SS Cup 80 ml 3.sup.rd go 12:42  SS Cup 50 ml 1.sup.st go 2:20 toilet 2.sup.nd go 2:30 SS Cup 115 ml  3.sup.rd go 2:44 SS Cup 40 ml 1.sup.st go 4:25 toilet 2.sup.nd go 4:36 SS Cup 80 ml 3.sup.rd go 4:47 SS Cup 40 ml 1.sup.st go 7:24 toilet 2.sup.nd go 7:34 SS Cup 80 ml 3.sup.rd go 7:45 SS Cup 35 ml DAY 1.sup.st go 1:00 p.m. toilet 2.sup.nd go 1:10 p.m. SS Cup 50 ml 3.sup.rd go 1:21 p.m. SS Cup 50 ml

TABLE-US-00003 Third Session, Example B 1.sup.st go - - - toilet 11:30 p.m.  2.sup.nd go - - - toilet 11:35 p.m.  3.sup.rd go - - - SS Cup 11:41 p.m.  50 ml 1.sup.st go - - - toilet 1:35 a.m. 2.sup.nd go - - - toilet 1:47 a.m. 3.sup.rd go - - - SS Cup 1:55 a.m. 40 ml 1.sup.st go - - - toilet 3:28 a.m. 2.sup.nd go - - - toilet 3:35 a.m. 3.sup.rd go - - - SS Cup 3:45 a.m. 50 ml 1.sup.st go - - - toilet 5:40 a.m. 2.sup.nd go - - - toilet 5:47 a.m. 3.sup.rd go - - - SS Cup 5:55 a.m. 60 ml Day 1.sup.st go - - - toilet 2:30 p.m. 2.sup.nd go - - - toilet 2:40 p.m. 3.sup.rd go - - - SS Cup 2:47 p.m. 80 ml

TABLE-US-00004 Fourth Session, Example B 1.sup.st go 11:40 p.m.  toilet 2.sup.nd go 11:50 p.m.  toilet 3.sup.rd go 12:05 a.m.  SS Cup 30 ml 1.sup.st go 2:15 a.m. toilet 2.sup.nd go 2:22 a.m. toilet 3.sup.rd go 2:30 a.m. SS Cup 40 ml 1.sup.st go 4:30 a.m. toilet 2.sup.nd go 4:37 a.m. toilet 3.sup.rd go 4:44 a.m. SS Cup 60 ml 1.sup.st go 6:20 a.m. toilet 2.sup.nd go 6:25 a.m. toilet 3.sup.rd go 6:30 a.m. SS Cup 40 ml Day 1.sup.st go 2:10 p.m. toilet 2.sup.nd go 2:15 pm  SS Cup 110 ml 

TABLE-US-00005 Fifth Session, Example B 1.sup.st go 12:37 a.m.  toilet 2.sup.nd go 12:44 a.m.  toilet 3.sup.rd go 12:54 a.m.  SS Cup 50 ml 1.sup.st go 3:40 a.m. toilet 2.sup.nd go 3:47 a.m. toilet 3.sup.rd go 3:55 a.m. SS Cup 60 ml 1.sup.st go 6:15 a.m. toilet 2.sup.nd go 6:22 a.m. toilet 3.sup.rd go 6:33 a.m. SS Cup 40 ml Day 1.sup.st go 2:30 p.m. toilet 2.sup.nd go 2:37 p.m. SS Cup 75 ml

TABLE-US-00006 Sixth Session, Example B 1.sup.st go 12:15 a.m.  toilet 2.sup.nd go 12:25 a.m.  toilet 3.sup.rd go 12:34 a.m.  SS Cup 60 ml 1.sup.st go 2:55 a.m. toilet 2.sup.nd go 3:05 a.m. toilet 3.sup.rd go 3:14 a.m. SS Cup 50 ml 1.sup.st go 5:25 a.m. toilet 2.sup.nd go 5:34 a.m. toilet 3.sup.rd go 5:42 a.m. SS Cup 40 ml Day 1.sup.st go 3:05 p.m. toilet 2.sup.nd go 3:16 p.m. SS Cup 60 ml

TABLE-US-00007 Seventh Session, Example B 1.sup.st go 12:10 a.m.  toilet 2.sup.nd go 12:19 a.m.  toilet 3.sup.rd go 12:28 a.m.  SS cup 50 ml 1.sup.st go 3:58 a.m. toilet 2.sup.nd go 4:10 a.m. toilet 3.sup.rd go 4:18 a.m. SS Cup 55 ml 1.sup.st go 6:20 a.m. toilet 2.sup.nd go 6:26 a.m. toilet 3.sup.rd go 6:36 a.m. SS Cup 50 ml Day 1.sup.st go 3:10 p.m. toilet 2.sup.nd go 3:20 p.m. SS Cup 110 ml 

TABLE-US-00008 Eighth Session, Example B 1.sup.st go 12:38 a.m.  toilet 2.sup.nd go 12:45 a.m.  toilet 3.sup.rd go 12:54 a.m.  Cu Cup 35 ml 1.sup.st go 2:35 a.m. toilet 2.sup.nd go 2:45 a.m. toilet 3.sup.rd go 2:54 a.m. Cu Cup 50 ml 1.sup.st go 5:32 a.m. toilet 2.sup.nd go 5:42 a.m. toilet 3.sup.rd go 5:50 a.m. Cu Cup 45 ml Day 1.sup.st go 2:25 p.m. toilet 2.sup.nd go 2:30 p.m. Cu Cup 60 ml

TABLE-US-00009 Ninth Session, Example B 1.sup.st go 12:10 a.m.  toilet 2.sup.nd go 12:20 a.m.  toilet 3 .sup.rd go 12:35 a.m.  Cu Cup 40 ml 1.sup.st go 3:25 a.m. toilet. 2.sup.nd go 3:30 a.m. toilet 3.sup.rd go 3:37 a.m. Cu Cup 55 ml 1.sup.st go 5:55 a.m. toilet 2.sup.nd go 6:07 a.m. toilet 3.sup.rd go 6:14 a.m. Cu Cup 35 ml Day 1.sup.st go 3:50 p.m. toilet 2.sup.nd go 4:05 p.m. Cu cup 50 ml

TABLE-US-00010 Tenth Session, Example B 1.sup.st go 11:30 p.m.  toilet 2.sup.nd go 12:10 a.m.  toilet 3.sup.rd go 12:20 a.m.  Cu Cup 40 ml 1.sup.st go 3:15 a.m. toilet 2.sup.nd go 3:22 a.m. toilet 3.sup.rd go 3:29 a.m. Cu Cup 40 ml 1.sup.st go 5:10 a.m. toilet 2.sup.nd go 5:19 a.m. toilet 3.sup.rd go 5:30 a.m. Cu Cup 50 ml Day 1.sup.st go 4:00 p.m. toilet 2.sup.nd go 4:10 p.m. Cu cup 60 ml

TABLE-US-00011 Eleventh Session, Example B 1.sup.st go toilet 1:25 a.m. 2.sup.nd go toilet 1:32 a.m. 3.sup.rd go Cu Cup 1:45 a.m. 75 ml 1.sup.st go toilet 6:15 a.m. 2.sup.nd go toilet 6:28 a.m. 3.sup.rd go Cu Cup 6:44 a.m. 60 ml Day 1.sup.st go toilet 4:04 p.m. 2.sup.nd go Cu cup 4:12 p.m. 60 ml

[0151] Some observations are in order concerning the results of Example B. First, the test volunteer reported reduced fluid intake at the time of the switch from the stainless steel vessel to the copper vessel. Accordingly, this experiment was not taken to have bearing on the efficacy of these two materials.

[0152] The fact that the test subject was able to reliably expel a substantial amount of urine routinely, even after two conventional voidings in a short period point to retained urine after normal voiding. This retain urine was substantially eliminated through use of the virtual catheter, when we compare the volume of that void to the retain urine volumes described in the literature.

[0153] The test subject reported longer intervals between urination using the virtual catheter, and longer sleep intervals: “. . . good uninterrupted sleep.”

EXAMPLE C

[0154] In this example, an approximately 80-year old male, with BPH, volunteered to use a a copper vessel supplied to him, and record his results. By “use” the volunteer was instructed to urinate into the vessel while his penis was touching the inner lid.

[0155] As shown below, he typically voided his bladder one time routine in the toilet, and then promptly afterwards used the provided vessel (within three minutes). Both voids were made standing. After urination in the vessel, the volunteer emptied the vessel into a scored beaker to measure the volume of evacuated urine. Reports are reported below. The volume figure is the urine collected in the vessel.

TABLE-US-00012 1. Toilet 10:05 2. Cup 10:06:30 65 ml 1 1/2 minute interval 1. toilet 1:10 a.m. 2. cup 1:12 a.m. 70 ml 2 minute interval 1. toilet 3:45 a.m. 2. cup 3:48 a.m. 40 ml 2 1/2 minute interval 1. toilet 6:30 a.m. 2. cup 6:32 a.m. 60 ml 2 minute interval 1. toilet 10:05 pm 2. Cup 10:06 pm 65 ml 1 1/2 minute interval 1. toilet 1:10 a.m. 2. cup 1:12 a.m. 70 mi 2 minute interval 1. toilet 3:45 a.m. 2. cup 3:48 a.m. 40 ml 2 1/2 minute interval 1. toilet 6:30 a.m. 2. cup 6:32 a.m. 60 ml 2 minute interval

[0156] The user from these tests reported that the device allowed him to shorten his typical interval between successful double voids (DBI). By successful, we mean a void resulting in a substantial amount of urine, i.e. more than 30 ml. When urinating in a toilet, the user reported that additional time was often required for a successful second or double void.

EXAMPLE D

[0157] In this example, an approximately 80-year old male, with BPH, volunteered to use a a copper vessel supplied to him, and record his results. By “use” the volunteer was instructed to urinate into the vessel while his penis was touching the inner lid.

[0158] As shown below, he typically voided his bladder one time routine in the toilet (T), and then promptly afterwards used the provided copper vessel (Cu) (within three minutes) a first time, and then a second time within an additional three minutes. All voids were made standing. After urination in the vessel, the volunteer emptied the vessel into a scored beaker to measure the volume of evacuated urine. Reports are reported below. The volume figure is the urine collected in the vessel for each urination.

TABLE-US-00013 11:25 pm  T 11:27 pm  Cu 110 ml  3 minutes 11:30 pm  Cu 30 ml 2 minutes 3:15 am T 3:18 am Cu 70 ml 3 minutes 3:21 am Cu 30 ml 3 minutes 5:50 am T 5:34 am Cu 30 ml 2 minutes 5:37 am Cu 20 ml 3 minutes

[0159] The test subject noted with great pleasure that he was able to get nearly four hours of sleep (over three and a half hours) between the last evening void and his first void during the night/early morning. The most important issue here is the reduced DVI or ‘double voiding interval’. Normally this individual would wait 10 or more minutes between the double void. Sleep studies show the longer sleep is interrupted the more difficult it is to again fall asleep. This advantage was stated by the test subject.

EXAMPLE E

[0160] This example involved an experiment to null out the effect of thermal transfer versus the effect of reduced pressure requirements to urinate. The test subject was an approximately 80 year old male with BPH. The subject performed all urination from a standing position, and recorded all urine volumes by transferring the urine into a scored beaker. The subject was told to urinate ad libitum.

[0161] For the first set of test days, the volunteer uses a paper cup, and was instructed to perform all urination standing, and then measure and record volumes. For the second set of test days, the volunteer uses a steel cup, and was instructed to perform all urination standing, and then measure and record volumes.

[0162] For this set of experiments, the paper cup—possessing very low thermal conductivity—was intended to capture/demonstrate solely those benefits relating to reduced pressure needed to urinate (as compared to the pressure needed to urinate into the toilet).

[0163] For the second set of experiments, the steel cup was intended to show the incremental benefits of (cold) thermal transfer to assist in initiation of urination as compared to the effectively non-thermal conductive paper cup, which offers reduced pressure requirements but not meaningful (cold) thermal transfer.

[0164] For both sets of experiments, the subject noted where he urinated during his sleep cycle. The sleep cycle urinations are noted by the italicized times.

[0165] Results are presented in the tables below.

TABLE-US-00014 Paper Cup Time (commenced in early Time from prior evening) Urine Volume urination/interval  6:30 PM 50 ML  6:40 PM 60 ML  10 min  8:30 PM 110 ML 110 min  8:36 PM 50 ML  6 min  8:43 PM 30 ML  7 min 10:30 PM  25 ML 103 min Day One 12:10 AM.sup.  60 ML 100 min .sup. 1:50 AM 125 ML 100 min .sup. 1:55 AM 25 ML  5 min .sup. 4:25 AM 145 ML 150 min .sup. 4:35 AM 40 ML  5 min .sup. 7:30 AM 100 ML 175 min .sup. 7:40 AM 50 ML  10 min 10:30 AM.sup.  175 ML 170 min 11:45 AM.sup.  125 ML  75 min 11:55 AM.sup.  50 ML  10 min  2:00 PM 100 ML 125 min  4:05 PM 50 ML 125 min  7:00 PM 125 ML 175 min  9:30 PM 75 ML 150 min  9:40 PM 50 ML  10 min 11:45 PM  75 ML 125 min Day Two 2:10 am 125 ml 140 min 2:20 am 35 ml  10 min 3:45 am 50 ml  85 min 6:10 am 50 ml 140 min 6:25 am 20 ml  15 min 8:45 am 50 ml 140 min 9:00 am 20 ml  15 min 12:20 pm  80 ml 200 min 2:35 pm 75 ml 175 min 5:00 pm 100 ml 145 min 6:30 pm 75 ml  90 min 9:00 pm 75 ml 150 min Day Three .sup. 1:00 AM 90 ML 240 min .sup. 1:15 AM 50 ML  15 min .sup. 3:35 AM 100 ML 140 min .sup. 3:45 AM 50 ML  10 min .sup. 8:00 AM 125 ML 270 min 10:10 AM.sup.  175 ML 130 min 12:50 AM.sup.  75 ML 160 min  5:30 PM 75 ML 280 min  9:10 PM 100 ML 220 min  9:17 PM 60 ML  17 min Day Four .sup. 3:20 AM 200 ML 243 min .sup. 7:20 AM 100 ML 180 min .sup. 7:30 AM 40 ML  10 min 11:10 AM.sup.  100 ML 220 min 11:18 AM.sup.  50 ML  8 min  1:00 PM 75 ML 102 min  2:00 PM 85 ML  60 min  3:00 PM 50 ML  60 min  6:00 PM 75 ML 180 min  7:00 PM 25 ML  60 min 10:15 PM  100 ML 195 min 11:30 PM  80 ML  75 min 11:37 PM  80 ML  7 min Day Five .sup. 1:00 AM 60 ML 100 min .sup. 5:55 AM 150 ML 295 min .sup. 8:30 AM 100 ML 155 min .sup. 8:35 AM 75 ML  5 min 10:05 AM.sup.  40 ML  90 min 11:30 am: 25 ML  90 min 2:15 pm 85 ML 165 min 2:20 pm 10 ML  5 min 9:20 pm 100 ML 300 min 9:30 pm 80 ML  10 min 10:30 pm  50 ML  60 min Day Six 2:00 am 100 ML 210 min 5:05 am 150 ML 185 min 5:20 am 70 ML  15 min 7:15 am 50 ML 115 min 8:30 am 25 ML  75 min 11:35 am  75 ML 185 min 1:00 pm 60 ML  95 min 5:30 pm 125 ML 270 min 8:45 pm 125 ML 195 min 9:30 pm 125 ML  45 min 9:45 pm 75 ML  15 min Day Seven 12:25 am  80 ML 150 1:50 am 0 ML (failure)  85 2:00 am 75 ML  10 min 6:00 am 175 ML 240 min 9:55 am 200 ML 235 min 1:00 pm 100 ML 175 min 1:15 pm 75 ML  15 min 2:15 pm 100 ML  60 min 3:20 pm 50 ML  65 min 4:45 pm 50 ML  85 min 8:20 pm 150 ML — 10:40 pm  100 ML 140 min 10:50 pm  100 ML  10 min Day Eight 1:00 am 125 ML 130 min 1:10 am 75 ML  10 min 3:30 am 100 ML 140 min 5:30 am 75 ML 120 min 5:45 am 75 ML  15 min 9:30 am 100 ML 225 min 9:40 am 50 ML  10 min 10:25 am  50 ML  45 min 12:30 am  50 ML 125 min 2:15 pm 75 ML 105 min 3:30 pm 50 ML  75 min 7:00 pm 100 ML 210 min 7:20 pm 75 ML  20 min 9:40 pm 75 ML 140 min Day Nine 12:35 am  125 ML 175 min 1:20 am 60 ML  45 min 2:50 am 100 ML  90 min 6:20 am 125 ML 210 min 8:15 am 40 ML 115 min 8:30 am 50 ML  15 min 11:30 am  100 ML 180 min 12:35 pm  50 ML  65 min 3:05 pm 40 ML 210 min 5:25 pm 100 ML 140 min 7:20 pm 100 ML 115 min 7:30 pm 25 ML  10 min 9:30 pm 125 ML 120 min 11:05 pm  130 ML  95 min Day Ten 2:35 am 125 ML 210 min 2:40 am 60 ML  5 min 4:30 am 100 ML 110 min 7:00 am 90 ML 150 min 10:00 am  110 ML 180 min 10:10 am  40 ML  10 min 1:45 pm 100 ML 210 min 3:15 pm 40 ML  90 min 7:40 pm 150 ML 265 min 7:50 pm 15 ML  10 min 10:45 pm  25 ML 175 min 10:55 pm  10 ML  10 min Day Eleven 12:30 am  25 ML  95 min 12:40 am  10 ML  10 min 6:50 am 135 ML 250 min 7:00 am 25 ML  10 min 1:20 pm 175 ML 420 min 5:00 pm 110 ML 220 min 5:15 pm 75 ML  15 min 7:00 pm 100 ML 105 min 9:45 pm 50 ML 125 min 9:50 pm 50 ML  5 min Day Twelve 1:00 am 175 ML 235 min 2:45 am 125 ML  90 min 3:00 am 40 ML  15 min 5:20 am 70 ML 140 min 5:30 am 40 ML  10 min 8:30 am 80 ML 180 min 8:40 am 75 ML  10 min Steel Cup Time from prior Trial Time Urine Volume urination/interval 10:50 pm  60 ML n/a 10:55 pm  30 ML  5 min First full Day - Day One 1:40 am 100 ml 225 min 1:45 am 59 ml  5 min 7:05 am 125 ml 200 min 7:11 am 75 ml  6 min 12:00 am  150 ml 289 min 12:07 pm  100 ml  7 min 1:50 pm 75 ml 103 min 3:20 pm 85 ml  90 min 5:30 pm 75 ml 140 min 5:35 pm 60 ml  5 min 11:00 pm  175 ml 325 min 11:06 pm  75 ml  6 min Day Two 2:00 am 100 ml 174 min 2:06 am 75 ml  6 min 6:05 am 150 ml 239 min 6:10 am 75 ml  5 min 8:15 am 125 ml 125 min 8:22 am 80 ml  7 min 10:20 am  90 ml 118 min 10:50 am  75 ml  30 min 2:45 pm 75 ml 235 min 5:00 pm 80 ml 140 min 8:30 pm 75 ml 210 min Day Three 12:40 am  130 ml 250 min 12:44 am  40 ml  4 min 2:30 am 80 ml 116 min 2:35 am 50 ml  5 min 5:50 am 100 ml 195 min 6:00 am 30 ml  10 min  12:00 noon 175 ml 360 min 12:10 pm  100 ml  10 min 3:35 pm 125 ml 205 min 3:42 pm 60 mil  7 min 9:10 pm 125 ml 328 min 11:30 pm  75 ml 140 min 11:36 pm  100 ml  6 min Day Four 3:15 am 100 ml 219 min 3:21 am 90 ml  6 min 5:30 am 125 ml 129 min 5:35 am 60 ml  5 min 9:10 am 100 ml 220 min 9:16 am 50 ml  6 min 1:15 pm 110 ml 239 min 4:00 pm 140 ml 225 min 7:55 pm 110 ml 235 min 8:00 pm 30 ml  5 min 11:20 pm  105 ml 200 min 11:27 pm  75 ml  7 min Day Five 1:34 am 135 ml 127 min 1:38 am 75 ml  4 min 3:38 am 150 ml 120 min 3:45 am 75 ml  7 min 7:00 am 100 ml 210 min 7:08 am 105 ml  8 min 9:00 am 100 ml 112 min 9:05 am 80 ml  5 min 9:15 am 75 ml  10 min 1:00 pm 150 ml 225 min 4:20 pm 150 ml 190 min 4:28 pm 110 ml  8 min 8:20 pm 90 ml 232 min 10:50 pm  60 ml 150 ml  Day Six 2:45 am 60 ml 235 min 2:55 am 50 ml  10 min 7:55 am 115 ml 240 min 8:01 am 50 ml  6 min

[0166] Quantitative analysis is provided below

TABLE-US-00015 Avg Time Interval between voids sessions (net of secondary/ tertiary voids, i.e. interval starts 15 min or less from completion of void session, # of double includes time voids (secondary or Longest Interval # of urinations from prior day # of voids tertiary voids in 15 between urination Day (full 24 hour period) where applicable) less than 50 ML min interval or less) (over 24 hour period) Paper Day One 16 133 min 2 5 175 min Paper - Day Two 12 141 min 3 3 200 min Paper - Day Three 10 182 min 0 2 175 min Paper - Day Four 13 137.5 min.sup.  2 3 200 min Paper - Day Five 11 144.3 min.sup.  3 295 min Paper - Day Six 11 152.7 min.sup.  1 2 270 min Paper Dav Seven 13 156 min 1 3 240 min Paper - Day Eight 14 121.4 min.sup.  0 3 225 min Paper - Day Nine 14 130 min 3 3 210 min Paper -Day Ten 12 173.8 5 4 265 min Paper- Day Eleven 10 165.8 3 4 420 min Paper Avg Paper - avg Paper - # of double voids 243.2 min - urinations #voids less (secondary or tertiary avg longest- per 24 hr than 50 ML voids in 15 min interval daily interval 12.3/day 2.1/day or less) 3.2/day Steel Day one 12 0 5 325 min Steel Day two 11 0 3 239 min Steel Day three 13 2 6 328 min Steel Day four 12 1 5 239 min Steel Day five 14 0 6 232 min Steel Avg Steel - avg Steel - # of double voids 272.6 min - Urinations #voids less (secondary or tertiary avg longest per 24 hr than 50 ML voids in 15 min interval daily 12.4/day 0.6/day or less) interval 5/day

[0167] The text table analyzes the sleep hours record in bolded italics in the tables.

TABLE-US-00016 Avg sleep interval (excluding double/tertiary Longest Interval voids - voids between # of nocturia (all within 15 urination (over Sleep Cycle voids) minutes) sleep cycle) Paper Sleep 7 131.25 175 min Cycle #1 Paper Sleep 8 128 150 min Cycle #2 Paper Sleep 6 216.7 270 min Cycle #3 Paper Sleep 5 165 243 min Cycle #4 Paper Sleep 7 164 295 min Cycle #5 Paper Sleep 7 174 300 min Cycle #6 Paper Sleep 6 130 240 min Cycle #7 Paper Sleep 132.5 140 min Cycle #8 Paper Sleep 129.1 210 min Cycle #9 Paper Sleep 5 141.3 210 min Cycle #10 Paper Sleep 6 173.3 250 min Cycle #11 Paper Sleep 9 153 235 min Cycle #12 Paper avg # of Paper Avg sleep Paper Avg nocturia (all interval Longest Interval voids) (excluding between 6.7 double/tertiary urination (over voids - voids sleep cycle) within 15 247.1 min minutes) 167.1 min Steel Sleep 6 212.5 225 min Cycle # 1 Steel Sleep 6 246 325 min Cycle # 2 Steel Sleep 6 187 250 min Cycle # 3 Steel Sleep 6 162.7 219 min Cycle # 4 Steel Sleep 8 164.3 210 min Cycle # 5 Steel Sleep 5 208.3 240 min Cycle # 6 Steel avg # of Steel Avg sleep Steel Avg nocturia (all interval Longest Interval voids) (excluding between 6.2 double/tertiary urination (over voids - voids sleep cycle) within 15 244.8 minutes) 196.8 min