Penetrating fixture and fiberglass sump

Abstract

A fluorine gas functionalized surface of a fixture is chemically bonded to a fiberglass sump using a resin. The resin chemically reacts with the functionalized surface creating a strong, chemical bond between the fixture, which penetrates the shell of the sump, and the fiberglass shell of the sump. For example, the surface of the fixture is functionalized by a fluorine-containing gas mixture in an autoclave at a temperature, pressure and duration that creates CO double bonds at the surface of a polyethylene fixture. The resin chemically reacts with the CO double bonds and bonds with a fiberglass transition fitting capable of being joined to the shell of the sump.

Claims

1. A petroleum sump fitting for a fiberglass sump connecting to a polyethylene or polypropylene pipe of a petroleum piping system, the sump fitting comprising: a fiberglass transition fitting having a wall made of at least one layer of fiberglass cloth and a fiberglass resin, the wall defining a through hole, the transition fitting having a sump attachment surface having a surface curvature or planar surface selected to conform to a shell of the fiberglass sump, such that the transition fitting is capable of being sealingly joined to the shell of the fiberglass sump; and a fixture having a tubular wall, the tubular wall of the fixture being comprised of a polyethylene or polypropylene tube, defined by an outer surface and an inner surface, the inner surface defining a tubular hole passing entirely through the fixture, and wherein the outer surface of the tubular wall of the fixture is functionally fluorinated and is joined to the wall of the shell by an adhesive resin chemically reacted with the functionally fluorinated surface of the fixture, such that the outer wall of the fixture is chemically bonded to the adhesive resin and the adhesive resin is bonded to the fiberglass resin of the wall of the transition fitting, resulting in a sealed joint between the fixture and the wall of the transition fitting, whereby the polyethylene or polypropylene pipe of a petroleum piping system, when inserted into the tubular hole of the fixture or through the tubular hole of the fixture, is capable of being spliced onto the fixture, in the field.

2. The sump fitting of claim 1, wherein the surface curvature of the sump attachment surface is arcuate, and the surface curvature of the sump attachment surface is selected to conform to an outer surface of the shell of the fiberglass sump, wherein the outer surface of the shell is circular.

3. The sump fitting of claim 2, wherein the fixture is of a polyethylene, and the pipe of the petroleum piping system is of a polyethylene and is joined to the fixture.

4. The sump fitting of claim 1, wherein the surface of the fixture is functionalized by converting the surface to a layer with double bond oxygen atoms bonded to carbon atoms.

5. The sump fitting of claim 4, wherein the adhesive resin is selected from the group of adhesive resins that break one of the bonds of the double bond oxygen atoms bonded to carbon atoms in the polyethylene or polypropylene of the fixture.

6. The sump fitting of claim 5, wherein the adhesive resin is an epoxy resin 127low viscosity.

7. The sump of claim 1, wherein the fixture is made of a high density polyethylene.

8. The sump of claim 1, wherein the polyethylene or polypropylene pipe of the petroleum piping system is passed through the tubular hole of the fixture and is bonded onto the fixture.

9. The sump of claim 8, wherein the pipe is fused onto the fixture using heat.

10. The sump fitting of claim 1, wherein the attachment surface is planar, and the attachment surface of the sump fitting is selected to mate with a planar surface of the shell of the sump.

11. A method of manufacturing the petroleum sump fitting of claim 1, comprising: preparing the outer surface of the fixture for surface fluorination; placing the fixture in an autoclave; evacuating the autoclave; flushing any residual atmospheric gases and humidity with a dry gas; and introducing a fluorine-containing gas into the autoclave at a gas pressure, reaction temperature and for a time necessary to functionalize the outer surface of the fixture resulting in fluorination of the outer surface of the fixture; removing the fluorine-containing gas; carefully handling the fixture to avoid degradation of fluorination of the outer surface prior to chemically bonding the fixture to the fiberglass sump fitting; inserting the fixture through the through hole defined by the wall of the sump fitting; and after fluorination of the outer surface of the fixture, applying a resin to the outer surface of the fixture, the wall of the sump fitting, or both thereof, wherein the resin applied during this step of applying is chosen to chemically react with the functionalized outer surface of the fixture, chemically bonding the functionalized outer surface of the fixture and the resin applied during this step of applying; and chemically bonding the resin of the fiberglass sump fitting to the surface of the fixture, following curing of the resin applied during the step of applying.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the fluorine-containing gas comprises 20% fluorine and 21% oxygen.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the fluorine-containing gas comprises an inert gas that makes up the balance of a gas mixture.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the inert gas is nitrogen.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein the fluorine-containing gas reacts with the surface of the fixture for 2 hours at a temperature of 150 degrees Fahrenheit.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein 0.6 atmospheres of the fluorine-containing gas mixture are introduced into the autoclave after the step of evacuating the autoclave.

17. The method of claim 11, further comprising splicing a polyethylene or polypropylene pipe of the piping system onto an end the fixture.

18. The method of claim 11, further comprising passing a polyethylene or polypropylene pipe of the petroleum piping system through the tubular hole of the fixture and bonding the polyethylene or polypropylene pipe and the fixture.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the fixture is made of a polyethylene, and the petroleum pipe of the piping system is of polyethylene, and the step of bonding comprises heat fusion bonding of the polyethylene pipe and the polyethylene fixture.

20. A petroleum pipe system comprising: a pipe for transferring petroleum through the pipe, the pipe being made of a polyethylene or polypropylene; a fiberglass sump for containing petroleum spills, the sump comprising a fiberglass shell; and a sump fitting, the sump fitting comprising: a fiberglass transition fitting having a wall made of at least one layer of fiberglass cloth and a fiberglass resin, the wall defining a through hole, the transition fitting having a sump attachment surface having a surface curvature selected to conform to the shell of the sump, such that the transition fitting is capable of being sealingly joined to the shell of the fiberglass sump; and a fixture having a tubular wall, the tubular wall of the fixture being comprised of a polyethylene or polypropylene tube, defined by an outer surface and an inner surface, the inner surface defining a tubular hole passing entirely through the fixture, and the outer surface of the tubular wall of the fixture is functionally fluorinated and is joined to the shell by an adhesive resin chemically reacted with the functionally fluorinated outer surface of the fixture, such that the tubular wall of the fixture is chemically bonded to the adhesive resin and the adhesive resin is bonded to the fiberglass resin of the wall of the transition fitting, resulting in a sealed joint between the fixture and the wall of the transition fitting, such that the pipe, when inserted into the tubular hole of the fixture or through the tubular hole of the fixture, is spliced onto the fixture, in the field.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The following drawings are illustrative examples and do not further limit any claims that may eventually issue.

(2) FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a fixture.

(3) FIG. 2 illustrates another view of a fixture joined to a shell of sump.

(4) FIG. 3 illustrate a cross sectional, detailed view of a sump wall and fixture polyethylene piping joined to the fixture.

(5) FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a piping system.

(6) When the same reference characters are used, these labels refer to similar parts in the examples illustrated in the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(7) In one example, a fixture has a functionalized surface that is chemically bonded to a fiberglass shell of a sump. For example, a surface may be functionalized by fluorination of the polyethylene portion of a fixture. Dilute fluorine gas mixtures may be used to functionalize a surface that creates a strong chemical bond between a fixture, such as a fixture made of a polymer, such as polyethylene or polypropylene or the like, and a fiberglass sump.

(8) In one example, fluorination of a polyethylene fixture is achieved in an autoclave or other reaction vessel. Air is evacuated from the vessel and a functionalization gas is introduced at a pressure and temperature for functionalizing a clean surface of the fixture. For example, the gas mixture may comprise dilute fluorine, with other gases making up the balance of the gas mixture. By exposing the surface for a functionalization time, at the reaction temperature and pressure, free radicals are created on the surface. The free radicals may be reacted with oxygen in the gas mixture or as a gas introduced later. For example, the surface of a polyethylene fixture is functionalized by converting a surface layer to a layer with double bond oxygen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms in a polyethylene or polypropylene chain. A resin is selected that breaks one of the CO double bonds and forms a chemical bond between the resin and the polymer surface. This chemical bonding makes the interface exceedingly robust, resisting cracking and leaking. The functionalized surface is stable, giving sufficient time to apply the resin adhesive and for joining the fixture to the sump. Alternatives, such as flame oxidizing, mechanical abrasion, applying a fiberglass matting or adhesive resins applied without the step of fluorination fail to achieve a degree of bonding similar to the fluorination of the polymer surface.

(9) In one example, an epoxy resin 127low viscosity, which is manufactured by Raka, Inc. is used for bonding the functionalized polymer surface created by the step of fluorination to the fiberglass sump. Care must be taken to avoid touching or otherwise contaminating or degrading the functionalized surface prior to adhering the fixture in place using this epoxy resin. In one example, penetrating fixtures are functionalized with a fluorine-containing gas and are bonded securely in a through-hole of a fiberglass sump in a clean environment, using a compatible epoxy resin. The epoxy resin may be allowed to cure prior to installing the fiberglass sump in the field. Every other solution eventually fails in the field, but the chemically bonded joint created between the fluorine-functionalized surface and the fiberglass sump shell does not fail, if care is taken to not allow a freshly functionalized polymer surface to be contaminated or degraded. Only resins that break the CO bonds and create chemical bonding between the resin and the functionalized polymer surface create adequate bonding between the fixture and the sump. Of course, the resin must be compatible with the fiberglass material, also. In addition, the resin must resist degradation by petroleum products, as well. Some resins that were tested were not suitable for this purpose.

(10) In one method, a gas mixture is introduced into an autoclave containing a cleaned and prepped polyethylene fixture that is to be used as a fixture penetrating a wall of a fiberglass sump. The gas mixture comprises 20% fluorine, 21% oxygen and nitrogen, for example. The nitrogen is inert and can make up the balance. The gas reacts with the surface of the fixture for 2 hours at 150 degrees Fahrenheit, for example. In one example, the autoclave is evacuated and 0.6 atmospheres of the fluorine-containing gas mixture is introduced into the autoclave. After the reaction time, the fluorine-containing gas mixture may be evacuated and the autoclave may be flushed. For example, the autoclave may be flushed with air. In one example, the autoclave is flushed with air and the air is evacuated three times before the fluorine functionalized fixture is removed from the autoclave. Then, a compatible resin is applied to the functionalized surface of the fixture, the wall of the sump or both therefore, and the fixture is fixed into position, penetrating the shell of the fiberglass sump. For example, the fixture may be clamped into place or held into place by positive pressure, while the resin, such as an epoxy resin, chemically reacts with the surface and cures.

(11) After the resin is cured (or partially cured) the clamping or positive pressure may be removed and the sump and fixture may be delivered to the field for installation with a compatible piping system. For example, a polyethylene fixture may be used for polyethylene piping, which is known in the art for use in delivering petroleum products from storage tanks using pumps. A sump may be used where petroleum products are added to tanks, removed from tanks or where pumps are located. Any spill or leak is contained by the sump and does not leak through the locations where the fixture penetrates the sump, for example, even if settling or expansion occurs that stresses the joint between fixture and sump.

(12) FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a fixture 10. The fixture 10 comprises a tube with a fluorinated surface 14 bonded by an epoxy resin 12 to a fiberglass entry boot 20. For example, the tube is made of a high density polyethylene. The fluorinated surface 14 is functionalized by a fluorine-containing gas mixture, and the epoxy resin 12 is chemically bonded to CO double bonds formed on the surface 14 during a step of fluorination. A pipe may be spliced onto one or both ends of the fixture 10 or may passed through the fixture 10 and bonded thereto, for example, during assembly in the field, before or after the fiberglass entry boot 20 is adhesively bonded to a fiberglass sump.

(13) FIG. 2 illustrates a detail view of an entry boot 20 adhesively bonded to a shell 30 of a sump. The fixture 10 passes through a through-hole 24 formed in the shell 30 of the sump. After the fiberglass entry boot 20 is epoxied to the fluorinated surface 14 of the fixture, the fixture 10 may be handled normally. The fiberglass entry boot 20 is quite capable of being bonded adhesively to the fiberglass shell 30 of the sump, and the combined shell 30 and boot 20 make a strong joint at the interface 24, 26, as is known in the art of joining fiberglass, as illustrated in the cross sectional, detailed view of FIG. 3.

(14) FIG. 4 illustrates a sump 40 made of fiberglass for containing petroleum spills, having a polyethylene or polypropylene pipe 50 of a petroleum piping system inserted through the wall of the sump 40. In this example, an example of a sump fitting includes a fiberglass transition fitting 20 with an arcuate attachment surface 29 coupled to an outer surface of the sump 40. The fiberglass transition fitting is comprised of at least one layer of glass fibers as a reinforcing fabric or cloth and a fiberglass resin matrix. The glass fibers may be randomly oriented in one or more layers in the matrix or may be oriented as mats or woven fabrics within the resin matrix, for example. The fixture 10 is joined to the fitting 20 by an adhesive resin layer 12 chemically bonded to a chemically functionalized surface of the polyethylene or polypropylene fixture 10 and chemically bonding and sealing the fitting 20 onto the surface of the fixture 10. For example, the surface may be fluorinated and an adhesive resin applied to the surface that chemically bonds to CO bonds at the surface during curing of the sump fitting. In this example, the pipe 50 extends entirely through the tubular hole defined by the wall of the fixture 10, and the wall of the fixture 10 and the wall of the pipe 50 are heat fusion bonded 52 along at least a portion of the length of the fixture 10. Dimensions of some features are exaggerated in this schematic illustration for the purpose of visualizing those features.

(15) This detailed description provides examples including features and elements of the claims for the purpose of enabling a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the inventions recited in the claims. However, these examples are not intended to limit the scope of the claims, directly. Instead, the examples provide features and elements of the claims that, having been disclosed in these descriptions, claims and drawings, may be altered and combined in ways that are known in the art.