Valves with valve closing member attached to the actuated counter-seat and related methods

Abstract

A valve assembly in a reciprocating compressor used in oil and gas industry is provided. The valve assembly comprises an actuator configured to a valve actuating motion and a valve. The valve has a valve seat comprises an inlet port configured to allow a fluid to flow through the valve seat, a counter-seat comprising an outlet port configured to allow the fluid to flow through the counter-seat, and a valve closing member attached to the counter-seat and configured to cover the inlet port when the counter-seat is in a closed position. The counter-seat is configured to receive the valve actuating motion and to move between the closed position and an open position in which the valve closing member does not cover the inlet port thereby selectively allowing the fluid to flow on a flow path which comprises the inlet port and the outlet port.

Claims

1. A valve assembly used in a reciprocating compressor, the valve assembly comprising: an actuator configured to provide a force; and a valve comprising: a valve seat comprising an inlet port configured to allow a fluid to flow through the valve seat; a counter-seat comprising an outlet port configured to allow the fluid to flow through the counter-seat; a stem attached to the counter-seat and the actuator; and a valve closing member attached to the counter-seat and configured to cover the inlet port when the counter seat is in a closed position, wherein the counter-seat is configured to receive the valve actuating motion from the actuator and to move between the closed position and an open position in which the valve closing member does not cover the inlet port thereby selectively allowing the fluid to flow from the inlet port of the valve seat to the outlet port of the counter seat and further from the outlet port of the counter seat directly to the compression chamber, and wherein the valve closing member is formed separately from the counter-seat and attached thereof, wherein the counter-seat moves jointly with the actuator.

2. The reciprocating compressor of claim 1, wherein the counter-seat is configured to have a groove inside which the valve closing member is placed, a height of the groove being smaller than a height of the valve closing member.

3. The reciprocating compressor of claim 1, wherein the valve closing member is glued, attached with screws or welded to the counter-seat.

4. The reciprocating compressor of claim 1, wherein at least one of an opening of the inlet port on a surface of the seat towards the counter-seat and the valve closing member has a profile shaped to lower flow resistance along the flow path.

5. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the valve closing member is fixedly attached to the counter-seat.

6. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the valve closing member and the counter-seat are movable together between the closed position and the open position.

7. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the counter-seat is coupled to the actuator via the stem that moves in a vertical direction to allow the counter-seat to move between the closed position and the open position.

8. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the actuator configured to move the counter-seat is not a spring.

9. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the valve closing member protrudes from a surface of the counter-seat towards the seat.

10. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the counter-seat comprises a groove inside which the valve closing member is placed.

11. A reciprocating compressor, comprising: an actuator configured to provide a valve actuating motion; a compression chamber; and a valve comprising: a valve seat comprising an inlet port configured to allow a fluid to flow through the valve seat; a counter-seat comprising an outlet port configured to allow the fluid to flow through the counter-seat; a stem attached to the counter-seat and the actuator; and a valve closing member attached to the counter-seat and configured to cover the inlet port when the counter seat is in a closed position, wherein the counter-seat is configured to receive the valve actuating motion from the actuator and to move between the closed position and an open position in which the valve closing member does not cover the inlet port thereby selectively allowing the fluid to flow from the inlet port of the valve seat to the outlet port of the counter seat and further from the outlet port of the counter seat directly to the compression chamber, wherein the valve closing member is formed separately from the counter-seat and attached thereof, wherein the counter-seat moves jointly with the actuator.

12. The reciprocating compressor of claim 11, wherein the valve closing member comprises one or more disc shaped parts.

13. The reciprocating compressor of claim 11, wherein the valve closing member comprises one or more ring shaped parts.

14. The reciprocating compressor of claim 11, wherein the valve closing member is fixedly attached to the counter-seat.

15. The reciprocating compressor of claim 11, wherein the valve closing member and the counter-seat are movable together between the closed position and the open position.

16. The reciprocating compressor of claim 11, wherein the counter-seat is coupled to the actuator via the stem that moves in a vertical direction to allow the counter-seat to move between the closed position and the open position.

17. The reciprocating compressor of claim 11, wherein the actuator is located outside the valve.

18. The reciprocating compressor of claim 11, wherein the actuator configured to move the counter-seat is not a spring.

19. A method of retrofitting a compressor initially having a valve with a spring between a valve closing member attached to a counter-seat of the valve, wherein the valve is initially configured to actuate due to a differential pressure, the method comprising: fixedly attaching the valve closing member to the counter-seat of the valve; connecting an actuator to the counter-seat to provide a force to the counter-seat to move the counter-seat between a closed position in which the valve closing member covers an inlet port through a seat of the valve and an open position in which the valve closing member does not cover the inlet port and to provide a force to the counter-seat to move the counter-seat from the open position to the closed position, wherein the valve closing member is formed separately from the counter-seat and attached thereof, wherein the counter-seat moves jointly with the actuator.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising removing a spring between the counter-seat and the valve closing member before attaching the valve closing member to the counter-seat.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate one or more embodiments and, together with the description, explain these embodiments. In the drawings:

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional dual chamber reciprocal compressor;

(3) FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic diagrams illustrating operation of an automatic valve;

(4) FIG. 3 is an illustration of components of a conventional ring valve;

(5) FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic diagrams illustrating operation of a valve according to an exemplary embodiment;

(6) FIG. 5 illustrates a reciprocating compressor according to an exemplary embodiment; and

(7) FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating a method for retrofitting a compressor to have a valve with valve closing member attached to the counter-seat according to an exemplary embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

(8) The following description of the exemplary embodiments refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in different drawings identify the same or similar elements. The following detailed description does not limit the invention. Instead, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. The following embodiments are discussed, for simplicity, with regard to the terminology and structure of reciprocating compressor used in oil and gas industry. However, the embodiments to be discussed next are not limited to these systems, but may be applied to other systems.

(9) Reference throughout the specification to one embodiment or an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the subject matter disclosed. Thus, the appearance of the phrases in one embodiment or in an embodiment in various places throughout the specification is not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

(10) In order to overcome the problems caused by the springs in the valves used in reciprocating compressor for oil and gas industry, in some embodiments the valve closing member is attached to the counter-seat to be moved together by an actuator thereby opening and closing the valve. Removing the springs lowers the number of parts of the valve and removes one of the parts most prone to fail or to induce failure of the other parts (e.g., fluttering of the ring in a ring valve).

(11) FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate the operation of an automatic valve 200 according to an exemplary embodiment. The automatic valve 200 has a seat 210 and a counter-seat 220 moving jointly with a stem 225. A valve closing member 230 is attached to the counter-seat 220. FIG. 4A illustrates the valve 200 in an open state and FIG. 4B illustrates the valve 200 in a close state.

(12) In the open state illustrated in FIG. 4A, the valve closing member 230, which is attached to the counter-seat 220, is positioned away from the seat 210 allowing the fluid to flow via (1) an inlet port 240 through the seat 210, (2) a space between the seat 210 and the counter-seat 220, and (3) outlet ports 250 through the counter-seat 220. The shape of the valve closing member 230 may be a disc, a poppet, multi-poppet or rings, which difference in shape gives the name of the of valve: disc valve, poppet valve, multi-poppet valve or ring valve. FIGS. 4A and 4B represent a generic configuration independent of the details related to the actual shape of the valve closing member 230.

(13) The inlet port 240 and the outlet port(s) 250 may pass through the seat 210 and the counter-seat 220, respectively, along substantially parallel directions. However, this parallel orientation is not a requirement.

(14) The valve seat and the counter-seat may be made of metallic material (e.g., stainless steel and alloy steel). The counter seat may also be made of composite material which is lighter than the metallic material. The valve closing member may be made of a non-metallic material such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK) or stainless steel. In one embodiment, the valve closing member and the counter-seat may be formed as a single piece, for example made of stainless steel. In another embodiment, the valve closing member may formed separately from (and from a different material than) the counter-seat and attached to the counter-seat.

(15) In one embodiment, as illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the counter-seat may have a groove inside which the valve closing member is placed, a height of the groove being smaller than a height of the valve closing member. In another embodiment, the valve closing member may be glued, attached with screws or welded to the counter-seat (depending also of the material used to manufacture the valve closing member).

(16) One of the advantages of the actuated valve with the valve closing member attached to the counter-seat is that an enlarged flow area may be achieved while a smaller distance is created between the seat and the counter-seat to open the valve. Thus, the clearance volume due to the valve may be reduced.

(17) In the close state illustrated in FIG. 4B, the valve closing member 230 with the counter-seat 220 has been moved towards the seat 210 for a distance h (marked on FIG. 4A) so the valve closing member covers an opening of the inlet port 240 through the seat 210, thereby preventing the fluid from flowing through the valve. Note that the distance h may be smaller than a maximum distance h between the seat 210 and the counter-seat 220 when the valve is open, because the valve closing member 230 may protrude from the surface of the counter-seat 220 towards the seat 210. In one embodiment, the valve closing member 230 and the surface of the seat 210 towards the counter-seat 220 may be machined such as to fit together so that h=0.

(18) During a compression cycle, the pressure difference between the source of the fluid (p.sub.1) and the destination of the fluid (p.sub.2) may vary. The valve being an actuated valve, the actuator may be controlled to change the timing of the valve opening or closing (making it earlier or later than when automated valves are used) in order to increase the compressor's efficiency.

(19) Since the valve closing member 230 is attached to the counter-seat 220, no ring fluttering (i.e., deformations) occurs. This shape stability, further allows designing the profile of the valve closing member 230 or the seat 220, particularly around the opening of the inlet port 240 towards the counter-seat 220 such that to lower the flow resistance. The flow resistance to fluid flow passage is given (in a first approximation) by a product of the viscosity of the fluid and the length of the path. The corners prolong the path and thus increase the resistance. Shorter path may be achieved by designing the valve closing member 230 and/or the opening of the inlet port 240 towards the counter-seat 220 to have smooth curved shapes instead of the corners thereby lowering the flow resistance.

(20) FIG. 5 illustrates a reciprocating compressor 300 having one or more valves similar to the valves illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B. The compressor 300 is a dual chamber reciprocating compressor. However, valves according to embodiments may be used also in single chamber reciprocating compressors. The compression occurs in a cylinder 320. A fluid to be compressed (e.g., natural gas) is input into the cylinder 320 via an inlet 330, and, after the compression, is output via an outlet 340. The compression occurs due to the back-and-forth movement of the piston 350 along the cylinder 320, between a head end 326 and a crank end 328. The piston 350 divides the cylinder 320 in two compression chambers 322 and 324 operating in different phases of the compression cycle, the volume of compression chamber 322 being at its lowest value when the volume of the compression chamber 324 is at its highest value and vice-versa.

(21) Suction valves 332 and 334 open to allow the fluid that is going to be compressed (i.e., having a first pressure p.sub.1) from the inlet 330 into the compression chambers 322 and 324, respectively. Discharge valves 342 and 344 open to allow the fluid that has been compressed (i.e., having a second pressure p.sub.2) to be output from the compression chambers 322 and 324, respectively, via the outlet 340. The piston 350 moves due to energy received for example from a crankshaft (not shown) via a crosshead (not shown) and a piston rod 380.

(22) At least one of the valves 332, 334, 342 and 344 is a valve with valve closing member attached to the counter-seat as illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B. In FIG. 5, valve 332, which is a suction valve, is illustrated to be an actuated valve with the valve closing member attached to the counter-seat. However, actuated valves with valve closing member attached to the counter-seat may be used as discharge valves (e.g., 342, 344) as well. In fact, all the valves 332, 334, 342 and 344 may be actuated valves with valve closing member attached to the counter-seat.

(23) The counter-seat 333 of the valve 332 is attached to a stem 335, which moves (in a vertical direction in FIG. 5) due to an actuator 337. According to one embodiment, the actuator 337 is located outside the fluid path to avoid the danger of explosions cause by sparks in the inflammable fluid.

(24) The valve closing member may include one or more disc shaped parts or one or more ring shaped parts. The opening shapes of the ports correspond to the type of valve. For example, in a ring valve, the inlet port comprises a plurality of first concentric ports having a first set of diameters, the outlet port comprises a plurality of concentric outlet ports having a second set of diameters, any diameter of the first set is different from any diameter of the second set, and the valve closing member comprises a plurality of rings, that covers all the first concentric ports, when the valve is closed.

(25) Valves with springs currently used in reciprocating compressors in oil and gas industry may be retrofitted to include one or more actuated valves having the valve closing member attached to the respective counter-seat. A flow diagram of a method 400 to retrofit a reciprocating compressor is illustrated in FIG. 6. The method 400 includes fixedly attaching the valve closing member to the counter-seat on a surface of the counter-seat towards the seat, at S410. Further, the method includes connecting an actuator to the counter-seat, to enable the counter-seat to receive an actuating motion to move between a closed position in which the valve closing member covers an inlet port through a seat of the valve, and an opened position in which the valve closing member does not cover the inlet port, at S420.

(26) The method 400 may further include removing a spring between the counter-seat and the valve closing member before attaching the valve closing member to the counter-seat, and/or removing a spacer (such as 115 in FIGS. 2A and 2B) originally located between the seat and the counter-seat. The method 400 may also include adding the actuator to the reciprocating compressor if the original valve was an automated valve (i.e., without an actuator).

(27) The disclosed exemplary embodiments provide valve assemblies without springs and reciprocating compressors using these valve assemblies. It should be understood that this description is not intended to limit the invention. On the contrary, the exemplary embodiments are intended to cover alternatives, modifications and equivalents, which are included in the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Further, in the detailed description of the exemplary embodiments, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the claimed invention. However, one skilled in the art would understand that various embodiments may be practiced without such specific details.

(28) Although the features and elements of the present exemplary embodiments are described in the embodiments in particular combinations, each feature or element can be used alone without the other features and elements of the embodiments or in various combinations with or without other features and elements disclosed herein.

(29) This written description uses examples of the subject matter disclosed to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the same, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the subject matter is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims.

(30) Thus, while there has been shown and described and pointed out fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details of the devices illustrated, and in their operation, may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. Moreover, it is expressly intended that all combinations of those elements and/or method steps which perform substantially the same function in substantially the same way to achieve the same results are within the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be recognized that structures and/or elements and/or method steps shown and/or described in connection with any disclosed form or embodiment of the invention may be incorporated in any other disclosed or described or suggested form or embodiment as a general matter of design choice. It is the intention, therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the claims appended hereto.