A CONTROL SYSTEM AND A METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE EXHAUST GAS FLOW IN AN EXHAUST LINE OF A COMBUSTION ENGINE

Abstract

The present invention relates a control system and a method for controlling exhaust flow in an exhaust line of a combustion engine comprising at least one exhaust treatment component and an evaporator of a waste heat recovery system. The control system comprises a valve arrangement in the exhaust line control unit, a temperature sensor to sense a temperature of the exhaust treatment component and a control unit configured to position the valve arrangement in a first position, when the exhaust treatment component has a lower temperature than a specific temperature of exhaust gases directed flow through to the exhaust treatment component before being directed to flow through the evaporator, and in a second position, when the exhaust treatment component has a higher temperature than said specific temperature of exhaust gases that are directed to flow through the evaporator before being directed to flow through the exhaust treatment component.

Claims

1. A control system for controlling exhaust flow in an exhaust line of a combustion engine, wherein the exhaust line comprises at least one exhaust treatment component and an evaporator of a waste heat recovery system, and wherein the control system comprises: a valve arrangement in the exhaust line; a temperature sensor configured to sense a temperature related to a temperature of the exhaust treatment component; and a control unit configured to position the valve arrangement in a first position, when the exhaust treatment component has a lower temperature than a specific temperature of exhaust gases that are directed to flow through the exhaust treatment component before being directed to flow through the evaporator, and to position the valve arrangement in a second position, when the exhaust treatment component has a higher temperature than a specific temperature of the exhaust gases that are directed to flow through the evaporator before being directed to flow through the exhaust treatment component, wherein the valve arrangement comprises a valve member or a valve part configured to change flow direction of a working medium in the evaporator, such that the working medium and the exhaust gases always flow in opposite directions through the evaporator.

2. A control system according to claim 1, wherein the valve arrangement comprises a valve member configured to alternatively direct the exhaust gases from an upstream exhaust line section to either the exhaust treatment component or to the evaporator.

3. A control system according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust line comprises: at least one intermediate exhaust line configured to direct exhaust gases between the exhaust treatment component and the evaporator; and a valve member configured to control exhaust gas flow through the intermediate exhaust line.

4. A control system according to claim 1, wherein the valve arrangement comprises a valve member configured to alternatively direct exhaust gases from either the exhaust treatment component or the evaporator to a downstream exhaust line section.

5. A control system according to claim 1, wherein the valve arrangement comprises a valve member which, in said first position, is configured to direct exhaust gases from an upstream exhaust line section to the exhaust treatment component and exhaust gases from the evaporator to a downstream exhaust line section.

6. A control system according to claim 5, wherein said valve member is, in said second position, configured to direct exhaust gases from the upstream exhaust line section to the evaporator and exhaust gases from the exhaust treatment component to the downstream exhaust line section.

7. A control system according to claim 1, wherein the valve arrangement comprises a valve member which, in said first position, is configured to direct exhaust gases from an upstream exhaust line section to the exhaust treatment component and exhaust gases from the exhaust treatment component to the evaporator.

8. A control system according to claim 7, wherein said valve member is, in said second position, configured to direct exhaust gases from the evaporator to the exhaust treatment component and exhaust gases from the exhaust treatment component to a downstream exhaust line section.

9. A control system according to claim 1, further comprising a temperature sensor configured to sense the temperature of the exhaust gases in an upstream exhaust line section.

10. A control system according to claim 1, further comprising a sensor configured to sense a pressure or a the temperature of the working medium in the waste heat recovery system.

11. A control system according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust treatment component is a selective catalytic reduction catalyst.

12. A vehicle comprising a control system for controlling exhaust flow in an exhaust line of a combustion engine, wherein the exhaust line comprises at least one exhaust treatment component and an evaporator of a waste heat recovery system, and wherein the control system comprises: a valve arrangement in the exhaust line; a temperature sensor configured to sense a temperature related to a temperature of the exhaust treatment component; and a control unit configured to position the valve arrangement in a first position, when the exhaust treatment component has a lower temperature than a specific temperature of exhaust gases that are directed to flow through the exhaust treatment component before being directed to flow through the evaporator, and to position the valve arrangement in a second position, when the exhaust treatment component has a higher temperature than a specific temperature of the exhaust gases that are directed to flow through the evaporator before being directed to flow through the exhaust treatment component, wherein the valve arrangement comprises a valve member or a valve part configured to change flow direction of a working medium in the evaporator, such that the working medium and the exhaust gases always flow in opposite directions through the evaporator.

13. A method for controlling the exhaust flow in an exhaust line of a combustion engine in a vehicle, wherein the exhaust line comprises at least one exhaust treatment component and an evaporator of a waste heat recovery, a valve arrangement, wherein said method comprises: directing exhaust gases in the exhaust line to flow through the exhaust treatment component before being directed to flow through the evaporator, when the exhaust treatment component has a lower temperature than a specific temperature; directing the exhaust gases to flow through the evaporator before being directed to flow through the exhaust treatment component, when the exhaust treatment component has a higher temperature than said specific temperature; and changing flow direction of a the working medium in the evaporator, such that the working medium and the exhaust gases always flow in opposite directions through the evaporator.

14. A vehicle according to claim 12, wherein the valve arrangement comprises a valve member configured to alternatively direct the exhaust gases from an upstream exhaust line section to either the exhaust treatment component or to the evaporator.

15. A vehicle according to claim 12, wherein the exhaust line comprises: at least one intermediate exhaust line configured to direct exhaust gases between the exhaust treatment component and the evaporator; and a valve member configured to control exhaust gas flow through the intermediate exhaust line.

16. A vehicle according to claim 12, wherein the valve arrangement comprises a valve member configured to alternatively direct exhaust gases from either the exhaust treatment component or the evaporator to a downstream exhaust line section.

17. A method according to claim 13 further comprising alternatively directing the exhaust gases from an upstream exhaust line section to either the exhaust treatment component or to the evaporator.

18. A method according to claim 13 further comprising alternatively directing exhaust gases from either the exhaust treatment component or the evaporator to a downstream exhaust line section.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In the following preferred embodiments of the invention are described, as examples, with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

[0016] FIG. 1 shows a control system with a valve arrangement according to a first embodiment of the invention where the valve arrangement is in a first position,

[0017] FIG. 2 shows the valve arrangement in FIG. 1 in a second position.

[0018] FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the valve arrangement in a first position,

[0019] FIG. 4 shows the valve arrangement in FIG. 3 in a second position,

[0020] FIG. 5 shows a further alternative embodiment of the valve arrangement in a first position, and

[0021] FIG. 6 shows the valve arrangement in FIG. 5 in a second position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0022] FIG. 1 shows a schematically disclosed vehicle 1 powered by a supercharged combustion engine 2. The combustion engine 2 may be a diesel engine. The vehicle 1 may be a heavy vehicle. The vehicle 1 comprises an exhaust line 3 receiving exhaust gases from the combustion engine 2. The exhaust line 3 comprises a turbine 4 of a turbo aggregate. The exhaust gases in the exhaust line 3 receive a reduced pressure and a reduced temperature when they expand through the turbine 4a of a turbo charger 4. A number of schematically disclosed exhaust treatment components 5 are arranged in the exhaust line 3 in a position downstream of the turbine 4a. The exhaust treatment components 5 may, for example, include one or several of the following exhaust treatment components namely an oxidation catalytic converter DOC, a particulate filter DPF, a SCR catalytic converter and an ammonia slip catalytic converter ASC. The efficiency of each exhaust treatment component 5 depends on its temperature. An efficient operating temperature of such exhaust treatment components are usually above 200 C. The ability of the SCR catalyst 6 to reduce nitrogen oxides may be optimal within the temperature range 300-450 C. At higher and lower temperatures the capacity of the SCR catalyst to reduce nitrogen oxides is reduced.

[0023] A temperature sensor 6 senses the temperature of the exhaust gases in an exhaust line section 3a located upstream of the exhaust treatment components 5 and an evaporator 7 of a WHR system. The upstream exhaust line section 3a comprises a first valve member 8 and a second valve 9. A control unit 10 controls the first valve member 8 and a second valve 9. A temperature sensor 11 senses the temperature of the at least one of the exhaust treatment components 5. The exhaust line 3 has an intermediate exhaust line 3b arranged between the exhaust treatment component 5 and the evaporator 7. An exhaust line section 3c is located downstream of the exhaust treatment component 5 and the evaporator 7. The turbine 4a drives a compressor 4b of the turbo charger 4. The compressor 4b compresses air which is led, via a charged air line 12 to the combustion engine 2. The charged air line 12 comprises a charge air cooler 13 arranged at a front portion of the vehicle 1.

[0024] The combustion engine 2 is cooled by a cooling system with a circulating coolant. The cooling system comprises an engine inlet line 14 provided with a coolant pump 15 circulating the coolant in the cooling system. An engine outlet line 16 receives the coolant leaving the combustion engine 2. A thermostat 17 is arranged at an end of the engine outlet line 16. In case the coolant has a lower temperature than the regulating temperature of the thermostat 17, the coolant is directed back to the coolant pump 15 via a bypass line 18. In case the coolant has a higher temperature than the regulating temperature of the thermostat 17, the coolant is directed to a radiator 19 arranged at a front portion of the vehicle 1 in a position behind the charge air cooler 13. The radiator fan 20 and ram air provide a cooling air flow through the charge air cooler 13 and the radiator 19. The coolant that has circulated through the radiator 19, it is directed, via a radiator outlet line 21, back to the engine inlet line 14 and the coolant pump 15. The cooling system comprises a loop. The loop comprises a coolant inlet line 22 receiving coolant from the bypass line 18 or the radiator outlet line 21 depending on the position of the thermostat 17. The inlet line 22 leads coolant to a condenser 23. The loop comprises an outlet line 24 leading the coolant from the condenser 23 to the engine inlet line 14 and the coolant pump 15.

[0025] The vehicle is provided with a WHR-system (Waste Heat Recovery system). The WHR system comprises a pump 25 which pressurizes and circulates a working medium. The working medium may be ethanol, R245fa or other kind of working medium. The pump 25 pressurizes and circulates the working medium, via an evaporator inlet line 26, to the evaporator 7. The working medium is heated in the evaporator 7 by exhaust gases to a temperature at which it evaporates. The working medium is directed from the evaporator 7, via an expander inlet line 27, to an expander 28. A third valve member 37 is arranged in contact with the evaporator inlet line 26 and the evaporator outlet line 27. The third valve member 37 is settable in a first position in which it directs the working medium in one direction through the evaporator 7 and in a second position in which it directs the working medium in an opposite direction through the evaporator 7. The pressurized and heated working medium expands in the expander 28. The expander 28 generates a rotary motion which may be transmitted, via a suitable mechanical transmission, to a shaft of the drive train of the vehicle 1. Alternatively, the expander 28 may be connected to a generator transforming mechanical energy into electrical energy. The electrical energy may be stored in e.g. a battery. After the working medium has passed through the expander 28, it is directed, via an expander outlet line 29 to the condenser 23. The working medium is cooled in the condenser 23 by the coolant in the loop 22, 24 of the cooling system. The working medium is directed from the condenser 23, via a condenser outlet line 30, to a receiver 31. Working medium sucks, via an inlet line 32 from the receiver 31, to the pump 25.

[0026] During operation of the combustion engine 2, the control unit 10 receives substantially continuously information from the sensor 11 about the temperature of the exhaust treatment component 5. The control unit 6 may also receive information from the sensor 6 about the exhaust gas temperature in the upstream exhaust line section 3a and information from the sensor 33 about the temperature or the pressure of the working medium in the WHR system. The control unit 10 verifies if the temperature of the exhaust treatment component 5 is higher than a specific temperature. The specific temperature may be an upper temperature of a temperature range at which the exhaust treatment component 5 provides a substantially optimal treatment of the exhaust gases. The specific temperature may be a constant temperature or a temperature varying with other operating parameters such as the temperature of the exhaust gases in the upstream exhaust line section 3a or the temperature/pressure of the working medium in the WHR system.

[0027] During operating conditions when the exhaust treatment component 5 has a lower temperature than a predetermined operating temperature, the control unit 10 initiate a movement of the first valve member 8, the second valve member 9 and the third valve member 37 to a first position which is shown in FIG. 1. In this case, the first valve member 8 and the second valve member 9 direct the exhaust gases from the upstream exhaust line section 3a to the treatment component 5. In this case, the exhaust gases may heat the treatment component 5. The exhaust gases leave the exhaust treatment component 5 and enter the intermediate exhaust line 3b. The second valve member 9 directs the exhaust gases from the intermediate exhaust line 3b of the exhaust line 3 to the evaporator 7. The exhaust gases heat the working medium in the evaporator 7 which flows in an opposite direction through the evaporator 7. The exhaust gases leaving the evaporator 7 are directed to the downstream exhaust line section 3c by the first valve member 8. Consequently, the first valve member 8 and the second valve member 9 direct the exhaust gases to the exhaust treatment component 5 before they are directed to the evaporator 7 when they are in the first position.

[0028] During operating conditions when the treatment component 5 have a higher temperature than the predetermined operating temperature, the control unit 10 initiates a movement of the first valve member 8 and the second valve member to a second position which is seen in FIG. 2. In this case, the first valve member 8 and the second valve member 9 direct the exhaust gases from the upstream exhaust line section 3a to the evaporator 7. The exhaust gases are cooled down in the evaporator 7 by the working medium which also in this case flows in an opposite direction through the evaporator 7. The exhaust gases leaving the evaporator 7 are directed to the exhaust treatment component 5 by the second valve member 9. In this case, the exhaust gases have a lower temperature than the temperature of the exhaust treatment component 5. Consequently, the exhaust gases cool the exhaust treatment component 5. The exhaust gases leaving the exhaust treatment component 5 are directed to the downstream exhaust line section 3c by means of the second valve member 9 and the first valve member 8. The first valve member 8 and the second valve member 9 direct the exhaust gases to the evaporator 7 before they are directed to the exhaust treatment component 5. In this case, it is possible to cool the exhaust treatment component 5 to a lower temperature at which they are able to provide a substantially optimal treatment of the exhaust gases. Furthermore, the exhaust gases entering the evaporator 7 may have a higher temperature which improves the efficiency of the WHR system.

[0029] FIGS. 3 and 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the valve arrangement. The embodiment corresponds to the embodiment show in FIGS. 1 and 2 except the existence of an additional valve portion 9a of the second valve member 9. When the valve members 8, 9 are in the first position in the embodiment in FIG. 1, the exhaust gases flow and the working medium in the WHR system are directed in the same direction through the evaporator 7. In this case, the evaporator 7 works as a parallel flow heat exchanger. When the valve members 8, 9 are in the second position in the embodiment in FIG. 2, the exhaust gas flow and the working medium flow are directed in opposite directions through the evaporator 7. The evaporator 7 works as a counter flow heat exchanger. A counter flow heat exchanger has usually a higher efficiency than a parallel heat exchanger. In order to remedy the drawback with a parallel heat exchanger, the second valve member 9 is provided with the above mentioned valve portion 9a which makes it possible to change flow direction of the working medium in the evaporator 7. FIG. 3 shows the valve portion 9 in the first position in which it changes direction of the working medium flow through the evaporator 7. FIG. 4 shows the valve portion 9 in the second position in which it does not change the direction of the working medium flow through the evaporator 7.

[0030] FIGS. 5 and 6 show a further embodiment of the valve arrangement. In this case, a third valve member 34 is configured to alternatively direct the exhaust gas flow from the upstream exhaust line section 3a to the exhaust treatment component 5 or the evaporator 7. A first intermediate exhaust line 3b.sub.1 is able to direct exhaust gases from an outlet of the exhaust treatment component 5 to an inlet line of the evaporator 7. A second intermediate exhaust line 3b.sub.2 is able to direct exhaust gases from an outlet line of the evaporator 7 to an inlet line of the exhaust treatment component 5. A fourth valve member 35 is configured to allow exhaust gas flow in one of the intermediate exhaust lines 3b.sub.1, 3b.sub.2 at the same time as it blocks the exhaust gas flow in the other intermediate exhaust line 3b.sub.1, 3b.sub.2. A fifth valve member 36 is configured to alternatively direct exhaust gases from the exhaust treatment component 5 or the evaporator 7 to the downstream exhaust line section 3c.

[0031] In case the exhaust treatment component 5 has a lower temperature than the specific temperature, the control unit 10 initiates a movement of the valve members 34, 35, 36 to a first position which is shown in FIG. 5. In this case, the third valve member 34 directs the exhaust gas flow from the upstream exhaust line section 3a to the exhaust treatment component 5. The exhaust gas flow leaving the exhaust treatment component 5 is directed by the fourth valve member 35 to the evaporator 7. The exhaust gas flow leaving the evaporator 7 is directed by the fifth valve member 36 to the downstream exhaust line section 3c. In case the exhaust treatment component 5 has a higher temperature than the specific temperature, the control unit 10 initiate a movement of the valve members 34, 35, 36 to a second position which is shown in FIG. 6. In this case, the third valve member 34 directs the exhaust gas flow from the upstream exhaust line section 3a to the evaporator 7. The above mentioned design of the exhaust gas flow results in that the exhaust gases always flows in the same direction trough the evaporator 7. In this embodiment, it is not necessary change the flow direction of the working medium through the evaporator 7 in order to provide an exhaust flow and a working medium flow in opposite directions through the evaporator 7. The exhaust gas flow leaving the evaporator 7 is directed by the fourth valve member 35 to the exhaust treatment component 5. The exhaust gas flow leaving the exhaust treatment component 5 is directed by the fifth valve member 36 to the downstream exhaust line section 3c.

[0032] The invention is not restricted to the described embodiment but may be varied freely within the scope of the claims.