Exhaust gas purification catalyst and production method thereof

Abstract

An exhaust gas purification catalyst contains an oxide 1 and an oxide 2. The catalyst has pores P.sub.1-260 with a pore size of from 1 nm to 260 nm, that can be measured by the nitrogen absorption method, and the total sum PV.sub.1-260 of the pore volume PV.sub.1-260 of the pores is equal to or greater than 0.79 cm.sup.3/g. The oxide 1 is an oxide with an oxygen release capability. The oxide 2 is represented by La.sub.xM.sub.1-xMO.sub.3- (2), where M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni and Mn, is the amount of oxygen deficiency, x satisfies 0x1, and satisfies 01.

Claims

1. An exhaust gas purification catalyst containing an oxide 1 that is an oxide of an oxygen storage material with an oxygen release/storage function and an oxide 2 that is represented by the following formula (2):
La.sub.xM.sub.1-xMO.sub.3-tm (2) where M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni and Mn, is the amount of oxygen deficiency, x satisfies 0x1, and satisfies 01, wherein the exhaust gas purification catalyst has pores P.sub.1-260 with a pore size of from 1 nm to 260 nm, that can be measured by a nitrogen absorption method, and a total sum PV.sub.1-260 of a pore volume PV.sub.1-260 of the pores is equal to or greater than 0.79 cm.sup.3/g.

2. The exhaust gas purification catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas purification catalyst is obtained by making the oxide 1 support the oxide 2, and an increase ratio PV.sub.100-260 of a total sum of a pore volume of pores with a pore size of from 100 nm to 260 nm by the supporting process satisfies PV.sub.100-260 1, where the increase ratio PV.sub.100-260 of the total sum the pore volume is represented by the following equation (1),
PV.sub.100-260=(Total Sum PV.sub.100-260 of Pore Volume of the Exhaust Gas Purification Catalyst after the Supporting Process) /0.11(1).

3. The exhaust gas purification catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the oxide 1 contains cerium (Ce) and/or zirconium (Zr).

4. The exhaust gas purification catalyst according to claim 2, wherein the oxide 1 contains cerium (Ce) and/or zirconium (Zr).

5. The exhaust gas purification catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the oxide 1 is a complex oxide that contains cerium (Ce) and/or zirconium (Zr).

6. The exhaust gas purification catalyst according to claim 2, wherein the oxide 1 is a complex oxide that contains cerium (Ce) and/or zirconium (Zr).

7. A method of producing the exhaust gas purification catalyst of claim 1, comprising the steps of: mixing a precursor of the oxide 2 with the oxide 1 before calcining the oxide 1, drying and then calcining a resultant mixture.

8. The method of producing the exhaust gas purification catalyst according to claim 7, wherein the precursor of the oxide 2 is a carboxylate of lanthanum (La) and at least one element selected from the group consisting of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn).

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating the HC performance retention of exhaust gas purification catalysts of examples and a comparative example.

(2) FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the HC performance retention of exhaust gas purification catalysts of examples and a comparative example.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(3) Hereinafter, an exhaust gas purification catalyst of the present invention will be described. (1) The exhaust purification catalyst of the present invention contains an oxide 1 and an oxide 2.

(4) The oxide 1 may be any oxygen storage material (OSC material) that has an oxygen storage/release function. Such materials include oxides and complex oxides that contain cerium (Ce) and/or zirconium (Zr).

(5) Examples of the oxide 2 include oxides that contain at least one element selected from the group consisting of lanthanum (La), barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn).

(6) Specifically, examples of such oxides includes oxides of the following formula (2):
La.sub.xM.sub.1-xMO.sub.3-(2)
where M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni and Mn, is the amount of oxygen deficiency, x satisfies 0x1, and satisfies 01, which are employed in the present invention. (2) The exhaust gas purification catalyst of the present invention has pores (P.sub.1-260) having a pore size of from 1 nm to 260 nm measured by the nitrogen (N.sub.2) absorption method, and the total sum (PV.sub.1-260) of the pore volume (PV.sub.1-260) of the pores is equal to or greater than 0.79 cm.sup.3/g.

(7) Since the pore volume of the pores having a pore size of from 1 nm to 260 nm is equal to or greater than 0.79 cm.sup.3/g as described above, the exhaust gas purification catalyst of the present invention can effectively maintain its catalyst performance even at high space velocity (high SV). (3) The exhaust gas purification catalyst of the present invention is obtained typically by impregnating the powdered oxide 1 with the oxide 2 or supporting the oxide 2 with the oxide 1.

(8) In the exhaust gas purification catalyst of the present invention thus obtained, the increase ratio (PV.sub.100-260) of the total sum of the pore volume of pores with a pore size of from 100 nm to 260 nm by the supporting process satisfies PV.sub.100-2601, where the increase ratio (PV.sub.100-260) of the total sum of the pore volume is represented by the following equation (1):
PV.sub.100-260=(Total Sum(PV.sub.100-260) of Pore Volume of Exhaust Gas Purification Catalyst after Supporting Process)/0.11(1)

(9) Typically, the increase ratio (PV.sub.100-260) of the 100-260 nm pore total volume can be obtained by comparing the pore volume (PV.sub.100-260) within a predetermined pore size range of a catalyst layer made of the oxide 1 with the pore volume (PV.sub.100-260) within the predetermined pore size range of a catalyst layer made of the oxide 1 and the oxide 2 supported by the oxide 1. When the increase ratio (PV.sub.100-260) is equal to or greater than 1, the HC (hydrocarbon) oxidation performance at high SV is improved. That is, the gas diffusion property of the catalyst layer at high SV is improved, and the retention rate of the HC oxidation performance is improved accordingly.

(10) This also means that the oxide 1 can support the oxide 2 without decreasing the pore volume of the pores with a pore size of from 100 to 260 nm of the oxide 1, when oxide 1 supports oxide 2.

(11) The value 0.11 defined in the equation (1) is a standard value of the pore volume within the above-described possible pore size range of the oxide 1.

(12) Next, a production method of the exhaust gas purification catalyst of the present invention will be described. (4) The production method is to produce the above-described exhaust gas purification catalyst of the present invention, which involves mixing a precursor of the oxide 2 with the oxide 1 before calcining the oxide 1 and then calcining the resultant mixture.

(13) As described above, in the production method of the present invention, the material of the oxide 2 is added before calcining the oxide 1 so that pores are formed. It is not preferred to firstly form (calcine) the oxide 1 and then to make the oxide 1 support the oxide 2, since the oxide 2 may fill the pores of the oxide 1.

(14) Examples of such precursors of the oxide 2 include carboxylates of lanthanum (La) and at least one element selected from the group consisting of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn). Solution of such carboxylates has a certain level of viscosity, and the oxide 1 is readily impregnated with it.

(15) Carboxylic acids that can be used includes carboxylic acids having one to four carboxyl groups such as gluconic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, propionic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, itaconic acid, formic acid and malonic acid.

EXAMPLES

(16) Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with examples and comparative examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 to Example 3

(17) Carboxylates of oxides 2 listed in Table 1 were prepared and were then mixed with precursors of oxides 1. The mixtures were dried and further calcined at 700 C. The resultant powders were slurried, and the slurries were applied to monolith honeycomb supports, dried and baked at 400 C. Exhaust gas purification catalysts of the examples were thus obtained.

Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2

(18) For Comparative example 1, a precursor of the oxide 1 shown in Table 1 was dried and further calcined at 700 C. The resultant powder was impregnated with a carboxylate of the oxide 2, dried and calcined at 700 C. so that powder was obtained. The resultant powder was slurried, and the catalyst slurry was applied to a monolith honeycomb support, dried and baked at 400 C. An exhaust gas purification catalyst was thus obtained.

(19) For Comparative example 2, a precursor of the oxide 1 shown in Table 1 was dried and further calcined at 700 C. The resultant powder was slurried, and the catalyst slurry was applied to a honeycomb support, dried and baked at 400 C. An exhaust gas purification catalyst was thus obtained.

(20) The blend ratio of the oxides 1 and the oxides 2, the composition of the oxides 1 and the oxides 2, the specification of the honeycomb support, the conditions of the HC purification test are listed in Table 1.

(21) (Performance Evaluation)

(22) (All Pore Volume)

(23) This refers to the total sum of the pore volume of pores with a size of from 1 nm to 260 nm, which is measured by the nitrogen absorption method.

(24) Each powder was subjected to heat, decompression and the like so that absorbed gas was removed. Nitrogen was introduced in a cooled condition. The all pore volume was calculated from the amount of absorption when the nitrogen was absorbed to the material surface to reach the relative pressure.

(25) (Total Sum of 100-260 nm Pore Volume)

(26) This refers to the total sum of the pore volume of pores with a pore size of from 100 nm to 260 nm, which is a part of the all pore volume measured as described above.

(27) (Increase Ratio of Total Sum of 100-260 nm Pore Volume)

(28) The standard value of the 100-260 nm pore volume was determined as 0.11 (which is actually the average in the oxides 1). An increase of PV.sub.100-260 is indicated, when the value obtained by dividing the total sum of the 100-260 nm pore volume (PV.sub.100-260) of the catalyst of the present invention by the standard value is equal to or greater than 1.

(29) (Performance Retention)

(30) This was calculated by the following equation.
Performance Retention (%)=(HC Purification Performance at SV of 30252 h.sup.1)/(HC Purification Performance at SV of 20168 h.sup.1)100

(31) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Increase Oxide 2 Ratio of Ratio 100-260 nm 100-260 nm Oxide 2/ All Pore Pore Pore Oxide 1 Oxide 1 Volume Volume Volume (wt %) Composition Composition (cm.sup.3/g) (cm.sup.3/g) (cm.sup.3/g) Example 1 5 ZnCeNdOx LaFeO.sub.3 0.80 0.37 3.4 Example 2 10 ZnCeNdOx LaFeO.sub.3 0.99 0.40 3.6 Example 3 15 ZnCeNdOx LaFeO.sub.3 1.1 0.45 4.1 Example 4 20 ZnCeNdOx LaFeO.sub.3 1.0 0.54 4.9 Comparative 6 ZnCeNdOx LaSrFeO.sub.3 0.58 0.058 0.5 example 1 Comparative ZnCeNdOx 0.75 0.17 example 2 Experimental Conditions Results Sample Evaluation Gas Performance Shape Temperature Flow Rate Concentration Retention (%) Example 1 134 g/L 400 C. 40 L/min C.sub.3H.sub.6 1665 ppm 54.9 Example 2 0.119 L (SV = 20168 h.sup.1) CO 0.6% 55.4 Example 3 Honeycomb 60 L/min NO 1000 ppm 74.3 Example 4 coating (SV = 30252 h.sup.1) O.sub.2 0.6% 68.2 Comparative H.sub.2 0.2% 44.0 example 1 CO.sub.2 13.9% H.sub.2O 10% Comparative example 2

(32) The HC performance retentions of Table 1 are plotted on graphs of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 with respect to the all pore volume and the increase ratio of the 100-260 nm pore volume.

(33) While the present invention is described with some embodiments and examples, the present invention is not limited thereto, and a variety of changes can be made within the gist of the present invention.