Oral formulations of ospemifene

Abstract

This invention relates to a liquid or semisolid oral drug formulation comprising a therapeutically active compound of the formula (I) ##STR00001##
or a geometric isomer, a stereoisomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an ester thereof or a metabolite thereof, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Claims

1. A liquid, oral drug formulation comprising .[.a therapeutically active compound of the formula (I): ##STR00005## or a geometric isomer, a stereoisomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an ester thereof or a metabolite thereof,.]. .Iadd.ospemifene .Iaddend.in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprising a mixture of ethanol, polyethylene glycol, and propyleneglycol.

.[.2. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the compound is ospemifene..].

3. The formulation according to claim .[.2.]. .Iadd.1 .Iaddend.further comprising a bile-flow promoting agent selected from the group consisting of (a) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprising a digestible lipid selected from the group consisting of a triglyceride, a diglyceride, a fatty acid, or a phospholipid; and (b) a cholane derivative and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

4. The drug formulation according to claim 3 wherein the formulation is a suspension.

5. The drug formulation according to claim .[.2.]. .Iadd.1 .Iaddend.wherein the formulation is an emulsion.

6. The drug formulation according to claim .[.2.]. .Iadd.1 .Iaddend.wherein the formulation is a microemulsion or nanoemulsion.

7. The drug formulation according to claim 3 wherein the formulation is a syrup.

8. The drug formulation according to claim .[.2.]. .Iadd.1 .Iaddend.wherein the formulation is packed into a unit dosage form.

9. The drug formulation according to claim 8 wherein the dosage form is the formulation encapsulated in a soft gel capsule.

10. The drug formulation according to claim .[.2.]. .Iadd.1 .Iaddend.wherein the formulation is a solution.

11. The drug formulation according to claim 10 wherein the formulation is packed into a unit dosage form.

12. The drug formulation according to claim 11 wherein the dosage form is the formulation encapsulated in a soft capsule.

13. The drug formulation according to claim 10 wherein the dosage amount is from 30 to 90 mg/day.

14. The drug formulation according to claim 11 wherein the dosage amount is 60 mg.

15. The drug formulation according to claim .[.2.]. .Iadd.1 .Iaddend.wherein the dosage amount is from 30 to 90 mg/day.

16. The drug formulation according to claim 15 wherein the dosage amount is 60 mg.

17. The drug formulation according to claim 3 wherein the bile flow promoting agent is a cholane derivative.

18. The drug formulation according to claim 3 wherein the bile flow promoting agent is a digestible lipid.

19. The drug formulation according to claim .[.2.]. .Iadd.1 .Iaddend.further comprising ethanol.

20. The drug formulation according to claim 10 further comprising ethanol.

21. A liquid, oral drug formulation consisting essentially of .[.a therapeutically active compound of the formula (I): ##STR00006## or a geometric isomer, a stereoisomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an ester thereof or a metabolite thereof, in combination with.]. .Iadd.ospemifene and .Iaddend.a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprising a mixture of ethanol, polyethylene glycol, and propyleneglycol.

.[.22. The formulation of claim 21 wherein the compound is ospemifene..].

23. The drug formulation according to claim .[.22.]. .Iadd.21 .Iaddend.wherein the formulation is packed into a unit dosage form.

.Iadd.24. A method of treating a climacteric disorder in a postmenopausal woman, comprising administering a liquid formulation to the postmenopausal woman, the liquid formulation comprising: ospemifene; and a pharmaceutically acceptable, liquid carrier..Iaddend.

.Iadd.25. The method of claim 24, wherein the formulation is an emulsion..Iaddend.

.Iadd.26. The method of claim 24, wherein the formulation is packed into a unit dosage form..Iaddend.

.Iadd.27. The method of claim 24, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable liquid carrier is a digestible lipid..Iaddend.

.Iadd.28. The method of claim 27, wherein the digestible lipid is selected from the group consisting of a triglyceride, a diglyceride, a fatty acid, or a phospholipid..Iaddend.

.Iadd.29. The method of claim 24, wherein the liquid formulation further comprises a surfactant..Iaddend.

.Iadd.30. The method of claim 24, wherein the climacteric disorder is selected from the group consisting of vaginal dryness and sexual dysfunction..Iaddend.

.Iadd.31. The method of claim 30, wherein the climacteric disorder is vaginal dryness..Iaddend.

.Iadd.32. The method of claim 30, wherein the climacteric disorder is sexual dysfunction..Iaddend.

.Iadd.33. The method of claim 24, wherein the amount of ospemifene present is between 30 to 90 mg..Iaddend.

.Iadd.34. A liquid, oral drug formulation comprising ospemifene and a pharmaceutically acceptable, liquid carrier..Iaddend.

.Iadd.35. The formulation of claim 34, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is a digestible lipid..Iaddend.

.Iadd.36. The formulation of claim 35, wherein the formulation is a suspension..Iaddend.

.Iadd.37. The formulation of claim 34, wherein the formulation is an emulsion..Iaddend.

.Iadd.38. The formulation of claim 34, wherein the formulation is a microemulsion or nanoemulsion..Iaddend.

.Iadd.39. The formulation of claim 35, wherein the digestible lipid is selected from the group consisting of a triglyceride, a diglyceride, a fatty acid, or a phospholipid..Iaddend.

.Iadd.40. The formulation of claim 34, wherein the formulation is packed into a unit dosage form..Iaddend.

.Iadd.41. The formulation of claim 34, wherein the formulation is encapsulated in a soft gel capsule..Iaddend.

.Iadd.42. The formulation of claim 34, wherein the amount ospemifene is from 30 to 90 mg..Iaddend.

.Iadd.43. The formulation of claim 34, wherein the amount of ospemifene is higher than 25 mg..Iaddend.

.Iadd.44. The formulation of claim 35, further comprising a bile flow promoting agent..Iaddend.

.Iadd.45. The formulation of claim 39, wherein the bile flow promoting agent is a cholane derivative..Iaddend.

.Iadd.46. The formulation of claim 34, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises a mixture of ethanol, polyethylene glycol, and propyleneglycol..Iaddend.

.Iadd.47. The formulation of claim 34, further comprising a surfactant..Iaddend.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

(1) FIG. 1 shows serum concentration of ospemifene versus time after a single dose of 60 mg ospemifene administered as a 60 mg tablet (circles), two hard gelatine 30 mg capsules (triangles) or a solution (stars).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(2) The term liquid formulation refers here particularly to a solution, a suspension with solid particles dispersed in a liquid, an emulsion with liquid droplets dispersed in a liquid, or to a syrup.

(3) The term semisolid formulation refers especially to gels and pastes.

(4) According to one preferred embodiment, the liquid drug formulation is a solution of compound I in a suitable carrier, which can be a single carrier or a mixture of several carriers. The compounds of formula I have very low solubility in water. The carrier shall therefore preferably comprise one or more lipophilic ingredients. In order to achieve enhanced bioavailability it is preferable to use digestible lipids such as triglycerides, diglycerides, fatty acids, phospholipids, or the like instead of indigestible oils such as mineral oils (Porter and Charman, 2001). A special group of useful carriers or ingredients therein may be cholane derivatives. U.S. Pat. No. 4,117,121 disclosed a group of cholane derivatives useful to decrease cholesterol level and to increase bile flow. The bioavailability enhancing ingredients are, however, not restricted to the aforementioned.

(5) According to another preferred embodiment, the liquid drug formulation is a suspension of fine solid particles of the compound I in a liquid. The liquid can be a lipophilic or hydrophilic liquid or a mixture of several liquids. Said liquids can also comprise dissolved ingredients. By decreasing the particle size of the dispersed drug compound, the surface area available for digestion and drug release is enhanced. Preferably at least 90% of the drug substance shall have a particle size less than 150 micrometer, and 50% of the drug substance shall have a particle size less than 25 micrometer. Especially preferably, 90% of the drug substance shall have a particle size less than 50 micrometer, and 50% of the drug substance shall have a particle size less than 15 micrometer.

(6) According to a third preferred embodiment, the liquid formulation is an emulsion. Because the aqueous solubility of compound I is very low, the emulsion is preferably a dispersion of a lipophilic phase (e.g., a solution of compound I in a lipophilic liquid) in an aqueous phase (oil-in-water emulsion). The emulsion may comprise additional components such as stabilizers (surfactants), emulsifiers and thickeners. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the emulsion is a microemulsion or nanoemulsion. Micro- and nanoemulsions are, in contrast to conventional emulsions, isotropic, transparent and thermodynamically stable. The average size of the dispersed droplets is in a microemulsion typically about 10000 nm or below and in a nanoemulsion 100 nm or below.

(7) According to a fourth preferred embodiment, the liquid formulation is a syrup. Typical examples of semisolid oral formulations are gels and pastes. Gels are created by adding a gelatinizer such as gelatine or a polysaccharide to a solution, suspension or emulsion comprising compound I. According to one preferred embodiment, the gel is created by addition of a gelatinizer to a microemulsion according to EP 760651 B1.

(8) Although the liquid formulations such as solutions, emulsions and suspensions can be packed in larger bottles for many doses, it may be preferable to have the drug formulation packed into a unit dosage form, such as a capsule. Such capsule formulations are called softgel capsules. Soft gelatin capsules (or softgel capsules) consist of a liquid or semisolid matrix inside a one-piece outer shell, such as a gelatin shell. The drug compound itself may be either in solution, suspension or emulsion in the capsule-fill matrix. The characteristics of the fill matrix may be hydrophilic (for example polyethylene glycols) or lipophilic (such as triglyceride vegetable oils), or a mixture of both hydrophilic and lipophilic ingredients.

(9) Significant advances have been made in recent years in the formulation of fill matrices. As examples can be mentioned microemulsions or nanoemulsions of the drug encapsulated as preconcentrates in the capsule. This means that the fill matrix is a concentrated micro- or nanoemulsion, i.e., a combination of a lipophilic liquid containing the hydrophobic drug, a small amount of hydrophilic liquid and a surfactant. After oral administration the microemulsion will become diluted in the gastrointestinal fluid. Alternatively, the matrix may comprise only the ingredients, i.e., the drug, a lipid or a lipid mixture and one or more surfactants. The ingredients will, upon administration, spontaneously create a microemulsion (or nanoemulsion) in the gastrointestinal fluid.

(10) The softgel capsule consists for example of gelatin, water and a plasticizer. It may be transparent or opaque, and can be coloured and flavoured if desired. Preservatives are not required owing to the low water activity in the finished product. The softgel can be coated with enteric-resistant or delayed-release material. Although virtually any shape soft-gel can be made, oval or oblong shapes are usually selected for oral administration.

(11) The improved drug formulation according to this invention is particularly useful when treating women during or after the menopause. However, the method according to this invention is not restricted to women in this age group.

(12) The term metabolite shall be understood to cover any ospemifene or (deaminohydroxy)toremifene metabolite already discovered or to be discovered. As examples of such metabolites can be mentioned the oxidation metabolites mentioned in Kangas (1990) on page 9 (TORE VI, TORE VII, TORE XVIII, TORE VIII, TORE XIII), especially TORE VI and TORE XVIII, and other metabolites of the compound. The most important metabolite of ospemifene is 4-hydroxy-ospemifene, which has the formula

(13) ##STR00004##

(14) The use of mixtures of isomers of compound (I) shall also be included in this invention.

(15) The compound (I) is preferably ospemifene.

(16) The improved drug formulation according to this invention is useful in any application of ospemifene, especially when the compound is used for treatment or prevention of osteoporosis or for treatment or prevention of symptoms related to skin atrophy, or to epithelial or mucosal atrophy.

(17) A particular form of atrophy which can be inhibited by administering of ospemifene is urogenital atrophy. Symptoms related to urogenital atrophy can be divided in two subgroups: urinary symptoms and vaginal symptoms. As examples of urinary symptoms can be mentioned micturation disorders, dysuria, hematuria, urinary frequency, sensation of urgency, urinary tract infections, urinary tract inflammation, nocturia, urinary incontinence, urge incontinence and involuntary urinary leakage. As examples of vaginal symptoms can be mentioned irritation, itching, burning, malodorous discharge, infection, leukorrhea, vulvar pruritus, feeling of pressure and postcoital bleeding.

(18) According to previous data, the optimal clinical dose of ospemifene is expected to be higher than 25 mg daily and lower than 100 mg daily. A particularly preferable daily dose has been suggested in the range 30 to 90 mg. At the higher doses (100 and 200 mg daily), ospemifene shows properties more similar to those of tamoxifen and toremifene. Due to the enhanced bioavailability according to the method of this invention, it can be predicted that the same therapeutical effect can be achieved with doses lower than those recommended earlier.

(19) The invention will be disclosed more in detail in the following non-restrictive Example.

Example

(20) A clinical study was carried out in order to evaluate the bioavailability of ospemifene given as tablet, hard gelatine capsule and as solution.

(21) Healthy male Caucasian individuals (n=23), age 18 to 35 years, were subjected to 3 different tests in which they were given a) two hard gelatine capsules, each containing 30 mg ospemifene; b) one tablet containing 60 mg ospemifene; or c) 3.7 g of a solution containing 60 mg ospemifene. In c) the solvent was a mixture of ethanol-PEG-propyleneglycol (2,7:1:2,5). The tests were separated from each other by a washout period lasting at least one week. Blood samples for the determination of serum ospemifene concentrations were collected during each test at several time points after administration. Serum ospemifene concentrations were determined using reversed phase HPLC with fluorescence detection after photochemical activation.

(22) The results are shown in FIG. 1, which discloses the mean serum concentration of ospemifene versus time after administration after a single oral dose of 60 mg ospemifene given as two 30 mg hard gelatine capsules (triangles), as one 60 mg tablet (circles) or as a dose of a solution containing 60 mg ospemifene (stars). It can be seen that peak concentrations were much higher after administration of solution (700 ng/mL) than after tablet and hard capsules, which were very similar, 280 and 277 ng/mL, respectively. Accordingly, the AUC-values were substantially higher after solution (approximately 3000 ng h/mL) when compared to the AUC-values of tablets and hard capsules (approximately 2000 ng h/mL). Therefore it can be concluded that the absorption of ospemifene from solution was much faster and the bioavailability much higher than from tablets and hard capsules. Additionally, the variability of the pharmacokinetic parameters decreased.

(23) It will be appreciated that the methods of the present invention can be incorporated in the form of a variety of embodiments, only a few of which are disclosed herein. It will be apparent for the expert skilled in the field that other embodiments exist and do not depart from the spirit of the invention. Thus, the described embodiments are illustrative and should not be construed as restrictive.