Golf putter head for ensuring pure roll

Abstract

A new golf putter head is disclosed, comprising an upper portion and a sole pillar, wherein the upper portion comprises a strike face and the bottom edge of the strike face is used to strike the golf ball on the golf ball equator, and the sole pillar does not contact the ball at any point during the ball contact with the putter during the swing, the putter improving the putt accuracy by reducing golf ball slippage on the green and the variability of the energy deposited into the golf ball on a putt.

Claims

1. A golf putter head comprising a heel and a toe, comprising: (a) a strike face, the strike face comprising a strike edge, the strike edge located at a bottom edge of the strike face; (b) a top surface, a bottom surface, and a recessed surface, the recessed surface located vertically between an elevation of the top surface and the bottom surface; (c) a flat located on the bottom surface, a plane of the flat being parallel to the strike edge, the flat having a length in a heel-toe direction of greater than 1 inch; (d) wherein the top surface includes a depression elongated in the heel-toe direction with a length equal to a diameter of a golf ball and having a surface that is parallel to the flat and comprises a first visible line generally centered along the depression; the depression and the first visible line extending from the strike face to an intersection between the recessed surface and the top surface and forming a golf ball framing alignment portion, the first visible line being orthogonal to the strike edge; (e) wherein the recessed surface comprises a second visible line extending parallel to the first visible line, such that the first visible line and the second visible line can be brought into apparent alignment when viewed from above; (f) wherein the golf putter head comprises an upper portion and a lower portion, wherein the lower portion comprises a sole pillar, wherein the sole pillar has a forward face that is recessed behind the strike face such that when a golf ball contacts the strike edge, the sole pillar does not contact the golf ball, wherein a vertical height of the sole pillar is between 0.125 and 0.75 inch.

2. The golf putter head of claim 1, where the lower portion is connected to the upper portion using screw fasteners.

3. The golf putter head of claim 1, where the lower portion is connected to the upper portion using a rigid secure fastener.

4. The golf putter head of claim 1, wherein the top surface comprises a pair of centering visible features, wherein the pair of centering visible features are parallel to the first visible line with each of the pair of centering visible features located on opposite sides of the first visible line and each centering visible feature being at a distance from the first visible line.

5. The golf putter head of claim 1, wherein the strike face is angled at an angle greater than 0 and less than 10 degrees away from a vertical plane wherein the strike edge is forward of a top edge of the strike face.

6. The golf putter head of claim 1, wherein the strike edge is radiused with a radius of between 0.0005 and 0.020 inch.

Description

LIST OF FIGURES

(1) FIG. 1. Golf Putter Head Coordinate System

(2) FIG. 2. Side View of Current Putter Head Technology

(3) FIG. 3. Side View of Pure Roll Putter Head Design

(4) FIG. 4. Side View of Putter Face Impacting Golf Ball within the Strike Zone

(5) FIG. 5. Front View of Strike Zone Impact Location on a Golf Ball

(6) FIG. 6. Ball Slippage: Friction vs. Pure Roll

(7) FIG. 7. Perspective View of the Putter Head

(8) FIG. 8. Front View of the Putter Head

(9) FIG. 9. Top View of the Putter Head

(10) FIG. 10. Perspective View of the Putter Head Bottom

(11) FIG. 11. Front View of the Putter Head with Different Sole Pillar Configurations

(12) FIG. 12. Perspective View of the Putter Head and Retrofit Member

(13) FIG. 13. Side View of a Sole Pillar/Strike Face Edge Bevel

(14) FIG. 14. Front View with Strike Face and Sole Pillar Surface Textures

(15) FIG. 15. United States Golf Association (USGA) Putter Specifications

(16) FIG. 16. A Pure Roll Putter Head Configuration

(17) FIG. 17. Interactive Design Flow Chart for Performance Optimization

(18) FIG. 18. Top View of the Putter Head

(19) FIG. 19. A View of the Putter Head Showing the Strike Face FIG. 20. An Elevation View of the Visual Reference for Golfer Eye Alignment

(20) FIG. 21. An Angled View of the Top of the Putter Head Showing Alignment Features

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

(21) The following description describes solely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not meant to limit the invention to that particular embodiment. The invention is limited solely by the claims.

(22) Nomenclature, Terminology, and Engineering Model Conventions

(23) The reference numbers used in the present disclosure are listed in Table 2.

(24) FIG. 1 depicts the putter head 10 parameters which are defined using 6-degree-of-freedom 15 modeling conventions. The translational parameters are in a standard x 16, y 17, and z 18 coordinate system with corresponding rotations of roll 19, pitch 20, and yaw 21. The right hand rule is used to determine positive angular rotations.

(25) Roll 19, denoted by .phi., is rotation about the x-axis 16. A positive roll angle corresponds to a heel-up/toe-down putter head and a negative yaw angle is a heel-down/toe-up rotation. The heel is referred to as 13 and the toe is referred to as 14.

(26) Pitch 20, denoted by .theta., is rotation about the y-axis 17. A positive pitch angle corresponds to putter strike face 30 up (produces ball loft) and a negative pitch angle is putter strike face 30 down (ball accelerates downward).

(27) Yaw 21, denoted by .psi., is rotation about the z-axis 18. A positive yaw angle corresponds to an open strike face 30 while a negative yaw angle has a closed strike face 30.

Description of the Preferred Embodiment

(28) FIG. 2 depicts a prior art conventional putter head 10, which regardless of size or shape, is designed to launch the golf ball 41. A typical strike face angle of 3-6 degrees is used, depending on how much loft is desired. This positive strike face angle places the strike zone below the equator of the ball, thus lifting it from its ground depression upon impact. The equator of the ball is determined by a plane running through the center of the ball, and parallel to the putting green ground surface in the vicinity of the ball. If the green at the ball location is sloped, then the equator of the ball will also be sloped to match the slope of the green at the location of the ball. For any subsequent discussions it is understood that the strike zone is always relative to the green and this is not necessarily horizontal relative to earth's gravity. The loft is accompanied by ball backspin 49 with an unpredictable duration of the airborne phase and skidding 45 upon landing. This combined effect causes putt inaccuracy. This inaccuracy manifests as a difference in the distance of the putt on flat ground. But on sideways sloping ground, it can manifest in both the overall distance but also the reach of the ball. In other words, for example, suppose the putt is forward but the green is sloping steeply to the left. Further for example, suppose that the initial direction of travel is forward, and after interacting with the slope the ball curves to the left and finally adopts a direction of travel at 90 degrees from the original putt direction. The initial forward direction defines a first side of a right angle and the second and final direction defines a second side of a right angle where the right angle passes through the initial position of the ball and the final resting position of the ball. If the ball is hit harder, the total distance of travel will be further. So too, however, will be the first leg of the right angle. The hole in the green will be at a location down slope and how hard the ball is hit will alter the distance the golf ball has travelled in the initial direction at a later time when it passes by or drops into the hole in the green. If the ball is hit harder, it will cross the hole position too far in the first direction. If the ball is hit too soft it will pass the hole position too short as measured in the first direction. And only if the ball is hit just right will it pass the hole location in line with the hole itself, so that it can drop into the hole.

(29) It is therefore critical that the putter be able to deposit a precisely known quantity of energy into the ball when hit. Because a typical putter as shown in FIG. 2 imparts an inconsistent backspin energy and inconsistent flight distance before the ball touches the green and begins a pure roll condition, the variability in the distance of the ball in the example of a sloped green becomes a problem for golfers.

(30) The pure roll design of FIG. 3 eliminates this variability.

(31) FIG. 3 is a conceptual drawing of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the putter head of the present invention comprises a strike face 30 that does not extend the entire height of the putter head but ends somewhere within the strike zone of the ball, and a sole pillar 26 that comprises a sole pillar face 34 that is recessed in such a way that it does not touch the ball during the putter's swing. Because the putter contacts the ball with the strike edge, and the strike edge prevents slippage of the ball against the strike face, the ball does not acquire a backspin, which reduces skidding 45 and ensures that the pure roll phase 43 happens earlier.

(32) Indeed, an experienced golfer can learn to strike the ball within the strike zone at or slightly above the equator of the ball. When this is achieved, the ball, which is initially within a slight depression in the greens grass, will be pushed directly forward and not lofted into the air. This keeps the ball in contact with the greens grass from the initial instant of the put on. Because of this, pure roll is initiated immediately and more accurate putts become simple to achieve even for beginners.

(33) This new design feature, called a sole pillar 26 along with the strike edge, can be incorporated into most current putter head designs, regardless of size or shape. The only requirement is that the putter face have a fairly square bottom edge to form the strike edge and then a retrofit sole pillar e.g. FIG. 11 can be added to reduce the height to lift the putter to get the strike edge aligned to the golf ball equator.

(34) FIG. 4 shows a side view of an embodiment of the putter head 10 (with the sole pillar 26), golf ball 34, the golf ball's equator 42 and strikezone 48 on a grass surface 44. While the sole pillar 26 is shown here as a planar face roughly parallel to the strike face 30, it is not a requirement for practicing the present invention. The sole pillar can be any shape and any angle as long as it does not make contact with the ball during the swing. Similarly, the exact distance that the sole pillar is recessed from the strike face can be any distance that ensures that the sole pillar does not make contact with the ball during the swing.

(35) FIG. 5 shows the location of the targeted strike zone 48 on a golf ball. The strike zone 48 represents the acceptable impact area required to eliminate golf ball 41 loft and backspin. The ball behavior, regardless of where within the strike zone the strike edge contacts, is consistent in producing a forward motion without backspin and immediate initiation of top spin or pure roll. This is achieved because the strike edge, in contact with the ball, prevents ball slippage on the strike face. It is the elimination of this slippage that eliminates ball backspin and ball launching. It will be understood, however, that the strike zone can be wider or narrower around the equator, or asymmetrical around the equator or having a larger area above the equator compared to below the equator, as compared to the drawing shown, in other embodiments of the present invention.

(36) FIG. 6 shows a side-by-side comparison of two golf balls and their dynamics after impact. FIG. 6a shows golf ball 41 dynamics upon landing using a conventional prior art putter head. In this case, the backspin 49 direction opposes the direction of golf ball 41 travel, thus skidding 45 or slippage 45 results due to friction between the ball 41 and the ground 44. FIG. 6b, on the other hand, shows golf ball dynamics when using the putter head of the present invention with a sole pillar height designed to impact within the strike zone 48 of the ball 41. This latter scenario puts the golf ball 41 in a state of topspin 43 with angular momentum spinning in the direction of ball travel. This eliminates ground friction due to the differential motion of the ball surface relative to the ground, and pure roll 43 is achieved immediately upon striking the ball. Pure rolling 43 without slipping 45 is achieved when the horizontal velocity of the golf ball 41 on the ground equals the golf ball 41 rotational surface velocity.

(37) FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the golf putter head 10, which has a shaft 11 directly connected to the putter head 10, but partially removed for illustration purposes. As with conventional prior art putters, the shaft 11 may be made of materials such as steel, graphite, wood and the like, as long as the material possesses appropriate strength and rigidity. In addition to the shaft 11, the putter head 10 could include a hosel (not shown). In different embodiments a variety of shafts may be used for connection to the putter head, including but not limited to: neck hosel shafts, crank-neck, short slant-neck, slant-neck, double-bend or center shaft. Depending upon the preference of the user, the putter head shape can be a blade, mallet or a combination of both. The putter head 10 can be made from metal, bi-metal, wood, plastic, composites and any combination thereof.

(38) In one preferred embodiment, the top of the putter head has an alignment marker or arrow 12 to identify the center line of the putter head 10. The alignment arrow is not required for practicing the present invention.

(39) The magnified view shown in the Figure illustrates one possible way in which the strike face 30 and the sole pillar 26 could be arranged. As mentioned above, while here, the sole pillar 26 has a face that's near parallel to the strike face, this is not required for practicing the present invention. All that is required is for the sole pillar to be recessed back from the strike face edge so that it does not touch the ball during the swing.

(40) FIG. 8 is a front view of another preferred embodiment golf putter head. This view illustrates the stepping or railing of the sole pillar 26 in comparison to the front of the strike face 30. The strike face 30 extends in front of the sole pillar 26. By design, the putter head center of gravity location, along with the height and rotation of the sole pillar 26, and rotation of the strike face 30, materials and surface texture selections, will be combined to optimize the roll of the golf ball 41.

(41) FIG. 9 is a top view of the putter head of the present invention. Depending upon the preference of user, the putter head 10 design can be a blade, mallet or a combination of both. Putter head 10 shafts can have many locations and styles such as neck hosel crank-neck, short slant-neck, slant-neck, double-bend, and/or a center shaft. All shaft types and locations could be employed for connection to the putter head of the present invention.

(42) FIG. 10 is a perspective illustration of the bottom side of the putter head of one preferred embodiment of the present invention. This view illustrates the stepping or railing of the sole pillar 26 in comparison to the bottom of the strike face 30. As shown, the face of the sole pillar 26 is near-parallel to the strike face 30 and recessed back from the strike face 30. The strike edge is denoted 47.

(43) FIG. 11 is a front view of an embodiment of the golf putter head of the present invention with configurable sole pillar geometries. It may be desirable to place the sole pillar in a particular location to move the center of gravity of the putter head to a desired location. Since different players may have different preferences in that respect, an adjustable or configurable sole pillar may be needed. Locations A, B, and C illustrate removable sole pillars 26 in different locations on the putter head 10. Each location could be adjustable, weightable, coupled, fixed and rotatable with multiple configurations to maximize the putter head performance. The shape of the sole pillars 26 could also be varied depending on player needs. The removable sole pillars 26 may be attached to the putter head 10 by means of screws, snaps, magnets, slides, or any other attachment means that result in a rigid, secure attachment. While the sole pillars 26 are shown as 3 separate pieces, they can alternately be a single part. Golf regulations require that attachments be securely fastened so that if used in tournament play one preferred method for attachment will be screws.

(44) In an embodiment, an existing prior art putter head may be modified by adding a sole pillar as a retrofit. FIG. 12 is a perspective view of that embodiment. This illustrates a putter head 10 with a retrofit member 40. The retrofit member 40 is a sole pillar 26 encompassing all the variables in Table 2. The putter head to be retrofitted can be a blade style putter, mallet or a combination of both. As shown in the Figure, multiple sole pillar pieces may be used. The retrofit member 40 may be attached to the prior art putter head by screws, magnets, snaps, or any other attachment means resulting in a rigid, secure attachment.

(45) In an embodiment, the strike face edge may be beveled, chamfered, or rounded. FIG. 13 is a side view of the putter with a beveled strike face edge 47. The strike face edge 47 can be configured using various edge technologies combined with surface textures 46 with performance characteristic designed to eliminate loft and backspin 49 in favor of topspin 43 and immediate pure roll 43. Edge shapes may include but are not limited to: bevel, chamfer, rounded, bull nose, and shall include both concave and convex surfaces.

(46) This said, and while the bevel 47 shown is very large to make the location of the strike edge easy to see, one preferred embodiment of the strike edge is to put a radius of between 0.0005 inches and 0.02 inches. This is a very sharp edge, or a right angle corner if viewed by the human eye and not using a microscope. This sharp edge is what enables the strike edge to securely press into the golf ball cover. The elimination of the ball back spin is enabled by this penetration of the strike edge into the golf ball cover. A typical putter face will allow the golf ball to slide on the strike face and the sliding causes backspin.

(47) The present invention eliminates back spin by driving the ball directly forward and as a result, the ball remains in contact with the green as it is pushed forward and the slight depression into which the ball sits initiates the immediate pure roll, or top spin, condition.

(48) In an embodiment, the strike face may be textured. FIG. 14 is a front view of the strike face 30 and sole pillar 26 with coarse to fine textures 46. The line separating the strike face 30 and sole pillar 26 is the strike edge. Textures 46 may be applied to the strike face 30, sole pillar 26, the strike face edge or any combination of the above. Preferably, the sole pillar is comprised of a flat 1401 at the bottom of the sole pillar 1402 so that the putter head can be rocked forward and backward so as to feel when the bottom of the sole pillar is flat to the green. Preferably the flat can extend for a percentage of the sole pillar bottom and the balance may arc or radius away from the flat so as to minimize green contact during a stroke.

(49) In the preferred embodiment, the putter head 10 of the present invention conforms to the rules of the United States Golf Association (USGA). FIG. 15 illustrates the current dimensional requirements for a conforming putter head.

(50) The USGA maintains The Rules of Golf to specify the equipment which may be used to play the game. In general, they are descriptive and restrictive in nature-defining what a golf putter head should look like and limiting how golf putter heads can perform. The following is stated by the USGA for a putter head:

(51) When the putter head is in its normal address position, the dimensions of the head must be such that: the distance from the heel to the toe is greater than the distance from the face to the back; the distance from the heel to the toe of the head is less than or equal to 7 inches (177.8 mm); the distance from the heel to the toe of the face is greater than or equal to two thirds of the distance from the face to the back of the head; the distance from the heel to the toe of the face is greater than or equal to half of the distance from the heel to the toe of the head; and the distance from the sole to the top of the head, including any permitted features, is less than or equal to 2.5 inches (63.5 mm).

(52) The USGA Rule goes on to describe how these measurements should be made for traditionally shaped heads and that for unusually shaped heads, the heel-to-toe measurement may be made at the face.

(53) FIG. 15 is a top view of the putter head which designates the locations of y.sub.3 32 (length of putter face), x.sub.1 23 (width of the putter body) and y.sub.1 24 (length of the putter body). The face view indicates the location of z.sub.1 25 (height of the putter body) The USGA equations 50 are the upper and lower limits which must be retained to become a USGA conforming putter head.

(54) Table 1 demonstrates the dimensional specifications for a putter head incorporating the current conforming parameters in FIG. 14. Table 2 defines 4 variables: body, sole pillar, strike face and rotation. Each variable has inherent linear dimensions [x 16, y 17, and z 18] with affiliated rotation elements [roll 19 (.phi.), pitch 20 (.theta.), and yaw 21 (.psi.)] used to define the entire pure roll putter geometry, including the all-important sole pillar 26 and strike face 30 elements. The variables units are either in inches or degrees. Each variable has lower and upper limits and established equations.

(55) FIG. 16 illustrates a pure roll putter head configuration where all dimensions fall within the design limits identified in Table 2 and also meet the USGA standards shown in FIG. 15. It will be understood that this is a single embodiment of the invention and that many other putter head configurations of the present invention can also meet these design limits and USGA standards.

(56) The example in FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a preferred putter head with:

(57) TABLE-US-00001 Translation: Body x.sub.1=3 y.sub.1=5 z.sub.1=1.5 Sole Pillar x.sub.2=2 y.sub.2=2 z.sub.2=0.75 Strike Face x.sub.3=1 y.sub.3=3 z.sub.3=0.75 Rotation: Sole Pillar (roll) .PHI..sub.1=0.degree. (pitch) .theta..sub.1=45.degree. (yaw) .psi..sub.1=0.degree. Strike Face (roll) .PHI.2=0.degree. (pitch) .theta.2=6.degree. (yaw) .psi.2=0.degree.

(58) This particular model will align with a 1.680 diameter golf ball approximately at the equator

(59) 1603 is the strike face which is inclined rearwardly so that the strike face edge at the bottom of the strike face will be the first point of the putter head to contact the golf ball. 1601 shows the flat base from a front view and 1602 shows the flat base from a bottom view.

(60) FIG. 17 is a flowchart that accompanies Table 1. It incorporates all of the putter head design parameters of this invention. Each parameter is configured independently with the ultimate performance goal of expediting pure roll.

(61) During the design process, various other design features would also need to be defined. Some of those design features include, but are not limited to, the following: Putter head shapes (blade, mallet, Futuristic Design) Shaft (location, length, steel, wood, graphic) Grip (standard, medium, large) Material composition (aluminum bronze, copper nickel, carbon steel, copper, carbon damascus, stainless steel, mix metals, wood, plastics, combination of all the above)Face finishes and textures Sole pillar finishes and textures Face inserts Putter weighting (toe weighed for conventional open-square-close stroke and face balance for straight back and straight through stroke) Lie angle

(62) The appropriate selection of these physical attributes will support and enhance the previously optimized putter head design of the present invention.

(63) In an embodiment, design refinements can also be made to produce pure roll putter head configurations that can account for green/weather conditions as well as user skills. For example, on a downhill slope, it is advantageous to use a shorter sole pillar height. The height for this application could range from one eighth of an inch to 0.38 inches. For a flat green, a taller sole pillar can be used to reduce the distance the golfer must lift the putter before making a swing. The error in lifting the putter imposes a variance to where the strike edge contacts the golf ball. The variance is larger when the putter must be lifted a larger distance. In other words, the error is approximately proportional to the lift distance. It is therefore preferable to have a taller sole pillar when the green is flat.

(64) However, it is also necessary to avoid the sole pillar striking the green during the back swing. This requires a smaller sole pillar. For any person, the height of the sole pillar becomes a compromise between the swing accuracy of the golfer and the anticipated terrain. One golfer with several putters might acquire a range of sole pillar heights from short to tall. Whereas another golfer may prefer a single sole pillar height for every situation, and thus choose a pillar with a shorter height so that it can work when the green slope changes rapidly.

(65) An example would be a configuration of this invention with a sole pillar designed to strike below the equator of the ball to intentionally produce minimal backspin to reduce ball momentum on a fast downhill green. For this purpose, one would slant the strike face backward to the maximum amount allowed by the regulations, about 10 degrees. The additional backward slant of the strike face will enable the ball to be hit further below center compared to a typical general purpose strike face that could be, for example, purely vertical with 0 or with 1 degree of backward angle. The higher angle will enable the strike edge to contact the ball at a lower position and to initiate backspin on the ball. This is the same as a putter that lofts the ball into the air, except that with this method the ball remains in contact with the green and the intentionally imparted backspin enables the ball to be hit harder and yet the backspin can eliminate part of the forward motion. This is similar to applying backspin to a ball while playing pool. That is, refinements of the pure roll putter design can be further tweaked to meet various nuances of the putting game, and different pure roll putters can be tailored to specific greens conditions, all with improved putt accuracy in mind.

(66) In addition to enabling backspin, application of texture to the strike edge enables application of spin about a vertical ball axis. This will cause a ball to curve during the putt and curving to the right or left become improved and possible compared to normal putters using a strike face instead of a strike face edge.

(67) In FIG. 18 the view of the putter is from vertically above. The reference guide line 1803 is on the upper surface 1801, while the reference guide line 1804 is on the lower surface 1802. From the vantage position or viewing position shown, the guide lines do not align. This indicates to a golfer that their eyes are in the incorrect location. By adjusting the golfers head forward and backward, the two lines on two different surfaces can be brought into alignment. When aligned, the golfer's head is in the correct position. In this way, the two guide lines on two stepped surfaces enable the golfer to visually determine whether his or her stance is correct. The consistency of positioning the body is key to improving the consistency of the putt.

(68) FIG. 19 shows the strike face 14, strike face edge 47, and an optional strike face texture 30. The bottom of the sole pillar is shown with a flat 1901. The flat allows the golfer to rock the club forward and backward and to feel, sensibly, when the putter head is rocking over the flat. This enables the golfer to align the bottom of the club, flat to the green surface. Combining this club alignment with the eye alignment descrived in FIG. 18 description enables additional accuracy.

(69) FIG. 20 shows an elevation view of the visual reference for golfer eye alignment. The vertical line 2001 is the case shown in FIG. 18 where the alignment lines 2005 and 2006, are misaligned. The lower surface is 2004 and 2009 is the rear of the putter head. The correct alignment is shown by the line 2002 directed toward the eye of the golfer 2010. The putter shaft is partially shown 2008. A secondary golf ball framing alignment is shown as 2003, a slight cut depression into the top surface of the club face and elongated in the heel-toe direction with a length equal to a diameter of a golf ball and having a surface that is parallel to the flat 1901. The depression extends from the strike face to an intersection between the recessed surface and the top surface. Alternately, the framing could be created by an additional 2 lines similar to line 2006 giving the golfer a location to strike the golf ball including a center line, and a pair of virtual tangent lines for visual reference on where to align the ball to the strike face.

(70) FIG. 21 shows the top of the putter head again, but at an angle showing how the two lines, 2101 and 2102 on the lower 2103 and upper 2104 surfaces respectively, align when the eye 2010 is at the position shown as the eye on FIG. 20. The top of the putter head comprises a shaft-receiving aperture 2105 formed in the top surface for receiving the shaft (2008). The shaft-receiving aperture does not contain any portion of the elongated depression.

(71) Furthermore, the putter head of the present invention can be refined to also compensate for the human input factor and be made with design assistance for persons both skilled and unskilled in the art of putting. For example, if a person tends to drag the bottom of the club on approach, the putter head of the present invention could comprise a set of guides on the bottom of the putter to reduce club drag so a free swing will occur with a strike at the equator of the ball. Many other refinements are possible to facilitate the personal needs of the human, whether it is a professional or a newcomer to the game of golf putting.

(72) A person of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate that numerous design configurations may be possible to enjoy the functional benefits of the inventive systems. Thus, given the wide variety of configurations and arrangements of the embodiments of the present invention the scope of the invention is reflected by the breadth of the claims.

(73) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Putter Head Dimensional Configuration Limits Variables Description Units Lower Upper Equations Body y.sub.1 Heel to Toe Inches 2 7 y.sub.1 ! 7 z.sub.1 Bottom to Top Inches 0 2.5 z.sub.1 = z.sub.2 + z.sub.3 x.sub.1 Face to Back Inches 1.9 6.9 y.sub.1 > x.sub.1 and x.sub.1 = x.sub.2 + x.sub.3 Sole Pillar y.sub.2 Heel to Toe Inches 1.9 6.8 y.sub.2 < y.sub.3 z.sub.2 Bottom to Top Inches 0.0825 2.2 z.sub.2 < z.sub.1 x.sub.2 Face to Back Inches 2 6.8 x.sub.2 < x.sub.1 Strike Face y.sub.3 Heel to Toe Inches 2 6.9 y.sub.3 1/2 of y.sub.1 and y.sub.3 2/3 of x.sub.1 z.sub.3 Bottom to Top Inches 0.0825 2.2 z.sub.3 = z.sub.1 ? z.sub.2 x.sub.3 Face to Back Inches 2 6.8 x.sub.3 < x.sub.1 Rotation #.sub.1 Sole Pillar (pitch) Degrees 0 180 #.sub.1 0 and #.sub.1 ! 180 #.sub.2 Strike Face (pitch) Degrees ?30 30 #.sub.2 ?30 and #.sub.2 ! 30 $.sub.1 Sole Pillar (yaw) Degrees 0 180 $.sub.1 = 0 and $.sub.1 ! 180 $.sub.2 Strike Face (yaw) Degrees 0 180 $.sub.2 = 0 and $.sub.2 ! 180 %.sub.1 Sole Pillar (roll) Degrees 0 180 %.sub.1 = 0 and %.sub.1 ! 180 %.sub.2 Strike Face (roll) Degrees 0 180 %.sub.2 = 0 and %.sub.2 ! 180

(74) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Call Outs Name # Putter Head 10 Shaft 11 Alignment Mark 12 Heel 13 Toe 14 Six Degrees of Freedom 15 x 16 y 17 z 18 Roll () 19 Pitch (#) 20 Yaw (!) 21 Body 22 Body: Face to Back (x.sub.1) 23 Body: Heel to Toe (y.sub.1) 24 Body: Bottom to Top (z.sub.1) 25 Sole Pillar 26 Sole Pillar: Face to Back (x.sub.2) 27 Sole Pillar: Heel to Toe (y.sub.2) 28 Sole Pillar: Bottom to Top (z.sub.2) 29 Strike Face 30 Strike Face: Face to Back (x.sub.3) 31 Strike Face: Heel to Toe (y.sub.3) 32 Strike Face: Bottom to Top (z.sub.3) 33 Sole Pillar Pitch (#.sub.1) 34 Strike Face Pitch (#.sub.2) 35 Sole Pillar Roll (.sub.1) 36 Strike Face Roll (.sub.2) 37 Sole Pillar Yaw (!.sub.1) 38 Strike Face Yaw (!.sub.2) 39 Retro Fit Kit Sole Pillar 40 Golf Ball 41 Golf Ball Equator 42 Pure Roll 43 Grass Surface 44 Slipping (skidding) 45 Texture 46 Strike Edge - Face 47 Golf Ball Strike Zone 48 Backspin 49 USGA Equations 50