SYSTEM FOR REDUCING THE CONSUMPTION OF AN ELECTRONIC DIE

Abstract

The object of the present invention relates to an optimized energy management system of the hardware of electronic RF dice and for the efficient coordination of the same with remote terminals such as, for example, a PC, a tablet, a smartphone or a gaining console and can be conveniently used to significantly reduce the energy consumption of said electronic dice and increase the operating autonomy thereof while also allowing the use of smaller batteries. The proposed solution exploits the standard hardware implemented on the electronic board of said electronic RF dice, allowing to significantly improve the energy performance thereof and, consequently, increasing the life of the attached battery, through a management system of the energy-consuming components of said hardware and, in particular, of the microcontroller and accelerometer installed on said electronic board. The aforementioned system for reducing the consumption of an electronic game die is characterized by: Four different operating modes, i.e., four different activation levels of the hardware components and in particular of the microcontroller and accelerometer. Two different activation thresholds, which can be set and updated dynamically, detected by the accelerometer and aimed at activating the different hardware components and adjusting the transition between said operating modes. Means for the bidirectional transmission, by radio, of data to/from remote game devices, able to detect the active presence of said remote terminals and, particularly, whether or not the data sent has been received. Means for dynamically adapting the parameters of the four aforementioned operating modes and the two activation thresholds to the different use situations of the die, i.e., to different environmental and game conditions.

Claims

1-10. (canceled)

11. A system for reducing consumption of an electronic die, comprising: an electronic die with an N number of faces, where N is a natural number, the electronic die being provided with an electronic board configured to transmit a roll result to a remote game device, the electronic board comprising an accelerometer and a microcontroller, the microcontroller comprising a central processing unit (CPU), a radio communication device, and a memory; wherein the system is configured to transition between four operating modes for controlling the accelerometer and the microcontroller, the operating modes being used to control the CPU and the radio communication device and to set a sampling interval Dt of the accelerometer, the modes comprising: a low-mode minimum consumption mode in which the CPU is deactivate, the radio communication device is deactivate, and the sampling interval Dt is set to a maximum value Dt.L; a mid-mode reduced consumption mode in which the CPU is deactivate, the radio communication device is deactivate, and the sampling interval Dt is set to an intermediate value Dt.M; a high-mode high consumption mode used to determine the roll result of the electronic die, in which the CPU (105) is activate, the radio communication device is deactivate, and the sampling interval Dt is set to a minimum value Dt.H; and a Tx-Rx-mode maximum consumption mode used for communicating, to the remote terminal, the roll result of the electronic die, in which the CPU (105) is activate, the radio communication device is activate, and the accelerometer is switched off; means for adjusting a transition between the four operating modes, the means depending on the stimuli applied to the electronic die, the means being based on detection of surpassing of thresholds of minimum intensity Dm and duration Tm of the stimulus M(t) measured by the accelerometer, the means comprising: an upper threshold Ssup, characterized by two components of intensity Dm.L and duration Tm.L; the threshold Ssup being used to determine the transition from the Low Mode minimum consumption mode to the Tx-Rx Mode maximum consumption mode; and a lower threshold Sinf characterized by two components of intensity Dm.M and duration Tm.M; the threshold Sinf being used to determine the transition from the Mid Mode reduced consumption mode to the Tx-Rx Mode maximum consumption mode; means for adjusting the transition between the four operating modes depending on the availability of the remote terminal to communicate with the electronic die; the means comprising: a READY/OK handshake to confirm the availability of the remote game device (200); the READY/OK handshake being used to determine the transition from the Tx-Rx Mode maximum consumption mode to the High Mode high consumption mode; a READY/null handshake to confirm the unavailability of the remote game device, the READY/null handshake being used to determine the transition from the Tx-Rx Mode maximum consumption mode to the Low Mode minimum consumption mode; a TRL/OK handshake to check the availability of the remote game device following the transmission of the roll result of the electronic die, the TRL/OK handshake being used to determine the transition from the Tx-Rx Mode maximum consumption mode to the Mid Mode reduced consumption mode; and a TRL/null handshake for confirming the unavailability of the remote game device following the transmission of the roll result of the electronic die, the TRL/null handshake being used to determine the transition from the Tx-Rx Mode maximum consumption mode to the Low Mode minimum consumption mode; and means for adapting the value of the sampling intervals Dt.L, Dt.M, Dt.H and the value of the thresholds Ssup and Sinf to different environmental situations in which the electronic die is used, the means being used to select the suitable values by means of a look-up table preloaded in the memory of the microcontroller.

12. The system for reducing the consumption of the electronic die according to claim 11, wherein the intensity and duration components of the Ssup and Sinf thresholds are subject to the following constraints: Dm.L>Dm.M; and Tm.L>Tm.M.

13. The system for reducing the consumption of the electronic die according to claim 11, wherein the sampling intervals Dt.L, Dt.M, Dt.H of the accelerometer are subject to the following constraint: Dt.L>Dt.M>Dt.H.

14. The system for reducing the consumption of the electronic die according to claim 11, wherein: the look-up table comprises a total number of rows Z; Z is a natural number, the number Z corresponding to the number of the environmental situations in which the electronic die is able to be used; the rows comprising the data of presets of the sampling intervals Dt.L, Dt.M, Dt.H of the accelerometer and the rows further containing the data of presets for the intensity D.m.L, D.m.H and duration T.m.L, T.m.H components of the thresholds Ssup and Sinf.

15. The system for reducing the consumption of the electronic die according to claim 11, wherein the look-up table further comprises a compensation parameter for geometric irregularities dm, the parameter dm being used during the determination of the roll result of the die to define the permissible deviation between the gravity vector Vg(x,y,z) detected by the accelerometer at the end of the roll and the expected values of the vector for the N possible roll results of the die.

16. The system for reducing the consumption of the electronic die according to claim 14, wherein the look-up table further comprises a compensation parameter for geometric irregularities dm, the parameter dm being used during the determination of the roll result of the die to define the permissible deviation between the gravity vector Vg(x,y,z) detected by the accelerometer at the end of the roll and the expected values of the vector for the N possible roll results of the die.

17. The system for reducing the consumption of the electronic die according to claim 11, wherein the look-up table further comprises an asymptotic stability parameter DV for determining the end of the roll of the die, the parameter defining, with the varying of the Z environmental situations, the maximum permissible threshold for the signal strength M(t) measured by the accelerometer to consider the roll stable following the following formula:
M(t)<=DV.

18. The system for reducing the consumption of the electronic die according to claim 14, wherein the look-up table further comprises an asymptotic stability parameter DV for determining the end of the roll of the die, the parameter defining, with the varying of the Z environmental situations, the maximum permissible threshold for the signal strength M(t) measured by the accelerometer to consider the roll stable following the following formula:
M(t)<=DV.

19. The system for reducing the consumption of the electronic die according to claim 11, further comprising a mediator device connected wirelessly or wired with the remote game device, the mediator device being used to acquire, store, and process the roll results of the die.

20. The system for reducing the consumption of the electronic die according to claim 19, wherein the mediator device comprises: a radio communication device operably equivalent to the radio communication device of the electronic board of the electronic die; a memory; and a microcontroller.

21. The system for reducing the consumption of the electronic die according to claim 19, wherein the data of the look-up table is configured for remote modification by the remote game device or by the mediator device.

22. The system for reducing the consumption of the electronic die according to claim 11, wherein the data of the look-up table is configured for modification by data mining algorithms based on historical data series acquired by the accelerometer.

23. A method for identifying and transmitting a roll result, comprising: providing the system for reducing consumption of an electronic die according to claim 1; sampling and comparison of the intensity of the signal M(t) measured by the accelerometer in two successive instants: M(t) and M(t+Dt); verifying, using the accelerometer, any surpassing of the intensity threshold Dm by way of the formula M(t+Dt)−M(t)>Dm; verifying, by the accelerometer, a potential persistence of the condition of surpassing the intensity threshold Dm for a time greater than the duration threshold Tm; if both the intensity Dm and duration Tm thresholds are surpassed, activating the CPU and the communication system of the microcontroller and, verifying a presence of the remote game device or a mediator device, using at least one of a Ready/Ok or Ready/null handshake; in response to a successful handshake (Ready/Ok), acquiring the response parameter (x) transmitted by the remote device or by the mediator; selecting, in the look-up table, the parameters Dt.L.x, Dt.M.x, Dt.H.x, Ssup.x, Sinf x, dm.x, DV.x; the parameters corresponding to the environmental situation (x) in which the die is used; setting the accelerometer and the microcontroller according to the parameters as identified; verifying a stable conclusion of the roll of the die via the asymptotic stability parameter DV; identifying the result of the roll of the die with verification of the deviations between the gravity vector Vg(x,y,z) detected by the accelerometer at the end of the roll and the expected values of the vector for the N possible roll result via the compensation parameter for geometric irregularities dm; sending the roll result and consequently verifying the presence of the remote game device or the mediator device using the TRL/Ok or TRL/null handshakes; setting the accelerometer parameters based on the positive outcome TRL/OK or negative outcome TRL/null of the communication of the roll result; setting the parameters according to the threshold Sinf in the event of positive outcome of the communication and setting the parameters according to the threshold Ssup in the event of negative outcome of the communication; and switching off the microcontroller and returning to predefined initial conditions.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Further features and advantages of the proposed technical solution will appear more evident in the following description of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment shown by way of non-limiting example in the accompanying 7 drawings, in which:

[0040] FIG. 1 shows the structure and typical components of an electronic RF die to which the energy saving system object of the invention refers.

[0041] FIG. 2 shows a possible use situation of the die object of the invention.

[0042] FIG. 3 illustrates a table containing the four different operating modes of energy management/consumption of the die, with the corresponding states of the different energy-consuming components (microcontroller, radio communication apparatus and accelerometer) and the configuration parameters related to the activation thresholds of the accelerometer.

[0043] FIG. 4 shows an explanatory graph of the relationship between the stresses (movement intensity and duration) applied to the die and the activation thresholds implemented by the system.

[0044] FIGS. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 show the energy consumption trend in the cases envisaged according to the proposed energy saving system, compared with the consumption of a typical standard electronic die based on RF transmission technologies.

[0045] FIG. 11 illustrates a possible structure of the table (or look-up table) preloaded on the memory of the microcontroller, including the useful parameters for managing the components of the die, with the varying of the operating areas and different situations of play and use of the electronic RF die.

[0046] FIG. 12 shows the algorithm related to the energy consumption management method and, in particular, of passage between the various operating modes, with detail of the activation of the different energy components of the electronic board of an electronic RF die.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0047] With reference to the accompanying drawings, and particularly to FIG. 1 of the same, the typical components of an electronic RF die (100) to which the energy saving system object of the invention refers are shown. Said electronic die (100) typically includes a niche (101) in which an electronic board (102) is housed for determining the roll result and remotely transmitting said result.

[0048] To achieve these purposes, the aforementioned board (102) is equipped with an accelerometer (103) and a microcontroller (104). The accelerometer provides the instantaneous value of the amplitude of movement M(t) in real time and processes an instantaneous gravity vector, in the three components thereof [Gx, Gy, Gz]. The microcontroller typically comprises a CPU (105), a memory (107), and an RF radio frequency transmission apparatus (106). Said transmission apparatus will typically be two-way and, by way of example but not limitation, may be of the Bluetooth type, or characterized by other commercial and/or proprietary transmission protocols. The CPU 105 and memory 107 are used to implement: [0049] means for the energy management (activation/deactivation) and the coordination of the various hardware components of the board (102) and in particular to control the microcontroller (104) and the accelerometer (103), according to an outline which includes four operating modes for managing the consumption of the different hardware components and especially the energy-consuming functions (i.e., radio transmission apparatus, CPU and accelerometer) and two activation thresholds, depending on the movement of the die detected by the accelerometer and used for the activation of the hardware components of said board (102) and/or the transition between the aforementioned modes; [0050] means for interpreting the roll result from the data of said accelerometer (103); said interpretation based on a predetermined look-up table loaded into the memory (107), which associates the possible orientation of the asymptotically stable gravity vector Vg(x,y,z) detected by the accelerometer (103) at the end of the roll with the face of the die to which that gravity vector corresponds. This mechanism (further provided with methods of compensation and minimization of acquisition errors related, for example, to environmental interference), allows to determine the result of the roll of the die (100), without having to transmit the entire state of the inertial platform (transmitting only one or two bytes of data, instead of a multiplicity of information related to the value assumed by the acceleration, for each of the at least three axes of the accelerometer). [0051] means for the further optimization of consumption through the management of the RF transmission device (106) and, particularly handshake, to check for the presence of remote game terminals available to receive the roll result, performed in advance, when switching from a low-consumption or reduced-consumption mode to the active mode, i.e., before starting the (highly energy-consuming) procedure for detecting and remotely transmitting the roll result.

[0052] With reference to the accompanying drawings, and particularly to FIG. 2, a typical situation of use of an electronic RF die (100) of the patent is shown, in which the roll result is transmitted to a remote game terminal (200) such as, for example, a tablet, a PC, a console or a smartphone.

[0053] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, there may be a mediator device (300), which acts as a gateway to the connected remote electronic device (200) and is conveniently used to manage and possibly process data relating to rolling one or more dice (100). Said mediator (300) may be necessary, for example, to enable energy management mechanisms to be implemented if game terminals without an RF communication interface compatible with the die's radio systems are used (e.g., with PCs without Bluetooth interface or if using less widespread radio communication technologies and/or protocols, within the die's electronics).

[0054] Moreover, thanks to the use of specific communication protocols, the mediator device (300) can allow data to be acquired from a large number of dice (circumventing the limits imposed for example by the Bluetooth protocol) and can be suitably used to perform a preliminary processing of the results of the rolls related to a plurality of dice (100) used, combining them depending on the type of game or application scope in which said dice are used. Moreover, the same mediator device (300) can undertake an analysis of the data transmitted by the dice, regardless of whether the rolls have failed or succeeded, applying analysis algorithms useful to understand if environmental disturbance conditions (e.g., rolling, vibrations, tilt of the game table, etc.) are present and, if they are, communicating to the dice the need to use a different setup for the roll detection parameters and/or for the thresholds for detecting the energy saving modes.

[0055] The mediator device (300) involves a communication hardware which uses the same radio protocol as the RF communication device (106) integrated in the control board (102) of the die (100), thus being able to acquire all the results of the different rolls and to retransmit them, individually or in combination with each other, according to the rules of the game and/or the scenario of use, to the remote electronic device. The connection between the mediator device (300) and the remote game terminal (200) may be wired, as shown in FIG. 2, or possibly wireless, using different transmission protocols useful for the purpose. Said mediator device (300) will be provided with an appropriate processing unit, consisting of a memory in which the results of the roll of each of the dice can be stored and a microcontroller capable of combining the different results, according to the different rules and game situations.

[0056] With reference to the accompanying drawings, and particularly to FIG. 3, a table (400) is depicted which outlines the four different operating modes provided by the energy saving system, depending on the conditions of use, detailing the activation states of the main components and the parameters which define the two lower Sinf and upper Ssup activation thresholds of the accelerometer, namely the thresholds through which the accelerometer determines the transition from a resting state, with minimum or reduced consumption, to an active state.

[0057] In detail, the four operating modes are as follows: [0058] 1. Minimum consumption mode (Low Mode): microcontroller (104) off, both the RF transmitter (106) and the CPU (105), and accelerometer (103) used with reduced sampling frequency (sampling interval—Dt.L—high) and with an upper activation threshold Ssup [intensity Dm.L, duration Tm.L]; [0059] 2. Reduced consumption mode (Mid. Mode): microcontroller (104) off, both the RF transmitter (106) and the CPU (105), and accelerometer (103) set with intermediate sampling frequency (sampling interval—Dt.M—intermediate) and lower activation threshold Sinf [intensity Dm.M, duration Tm.M]; [0060] 3. Active state (High Mode): microcontroller (104) partially on (only CPU (105), radio (106) off) and accelerometer (103) set with high sampling frequency (sampling interval—Dt.H—minimum); [0061] 4. Transmission state (TX-RX Mode): microcontroller (104) fully on (both CPU and Radio (106)) and accelerometer (103) off.

[0062] The sampling intervals Dt.L, Dt.M and Dt.H with which the accelerometer (103) is set in the four aforementioned states are connected by the following inequality:

Dt.L>Dt.M>Dt.H

[0063] The criterion underlying this inequality is to use lower sampling frequencies, that is to say, to reduce the energy consumption of the accelerometer (103), in those situations which do not require accuracy or very short response times. Following this logic, a very low frequency is therefore set at the Low Mode minimum consumption mode, since in this context a minimum accuracy of the device will be sufficient, as long as it is sufficient to detect a first and only stress of significant intensity and duration Ssup, useful to activate the device starting from the state of maximum energy savings and Low Mode minimum consumption. This setting, combined with a high activation threshold in terms of movement intensity Dm.L and duration Tm.L, significantly reduces the involuntary activations of the die (100) connected to random and uncontrolled events, guaranteeing an extremely low consumption for almost all the time between two game sessions.

[0064] Similarly, in Mid Mode reduced consumption mode, a reduced frequency, i.e., energy efficient, but of slightly higher intensity, will be applied in order to trace more accurately and, above all, more quickly detect the rolls of the die (100) and, more precisely, the initial step of said rolls. In fact, this mode is activated during the game sessions, between two successive rolls, allowing to significantly reduce consumption in the non-use steps of the device, but guarantees, due to the higher sampling frequency and the lower activation threshold Sinf, for stress intensity and duration, to quickly switch to the active mode as soon as even a reduced stress is detected, corresponding to the picking up of the dice from the game board by the user.

[0065] In High Mode active mode, on the other hand, the sampling frequency of the accelerometer (103) must be high, to the detriment of more significant consumption, in order to accurately trace the dynamics of the gravity vector of said accelerometer during the evolutions of the roll of the die (100); this dense sampling will continue until the asymptotic stability of the gravity vector is reached, a situation which indicates that the die has reached a stable position, which will correspond to the correct identification of the result (or a “zero” result, if the assumed stable position is inclined due to the influence of objects present on the playing area or by other disturbance factors).

[0066] Finally, during the TX-RX Mode transmission state it is not necessary to track the movement, so the accelerometer is conveniently switched off to avoid unnecessary consumption.

[0067] Always referring to the aforementioned FIG. 3 of the attached drawings, it should further be noted that the thresholds Sinf and Ssup, with which the accelerometer (103) is set, are connected by the following inequality, through the following relationships between the components thereof:

Dm.L>Dm.M and Tm.L>Tm.M

[0068] The two thresholds Sinf and Ssup are also used for the purpose of optimizing energy consumption and have the dual purpose of voluntarily limiting the sensitivity of the accelerometer in order not to unnecessarily activate the highly energy-consuming components, if the die (100) was subject to stresses not connected to actual use, and at the same time, to ensure the transition between the aforementioned operating and consumption modes if the die (100) is also actually used. Contrary to traditional dice, the presence of a double threshold allows, therefore, to discriminate negligible stresses from those which are significant in the different steps of use.

[0069] When the die (100) is in the Low Mode minimum consumption step, typically in cases of non-use, the accelerometer (103) is set with an activation threshold Ssup characterized by high intensity Dm.L and duration Tm.L values and, thanks to this precaution, becomes insensitive to accidental activations which would cause unnecessary consumption. This is the typical case of unwanted stresses (vibrations, accidental collisions, jolts during transport, etc.). In addition to acting as a filter for accidental and unwanted stresses which occur during the Low Mode minimum consumption mode, the upper threshold Ssup of the accelerometer (103) allows to discern voluntary interactions of the player aimed at reactivating the dice (100). In fact, if the player shakes the die (100) with a significant intensity and for a certain period of time, surpassing both parameters of said upper threshold Ssup, the accelerometer would communicate said stimulus to the microcontroller (104), determining the transition to the included subsequent TX-RX Mode or High Mode operating modes.

[0070] When the die (100) is in the Mid Mode reduced consumption step, typically in cases of use for multiple and consecutive rolls, the accelerometer (103) is instead conveniently set with an activation threshold Sinf characterized by lower intensity Dm.M and duration Tm.M values and, thanks to this precaution, becomes more sensitive to external stresses and particularly in the order of magnitude of the forces typically impressed by a player when preparing to roll a die (100), thus allowing, therefore, to filter the small accidental stimuli attributable to external causes and not connected to the game dynamics. This is the typical case of unwanted stresses occurring between successive rolls (vibrations, small accidental movements, etc.). In addition to acting as a filter for accidental and unwanted stresses which occur during the Mid Mode reduced consumption mode, the upper threshold Sinf of the accelerometer (103) also allows to discern voluntary interactions of the player during the ordinary game steps. If the player shakes the die (100) with a moderate intensity and for a relatively short time (for example, simply lifting and shaking it briefly in the hand), the accelerometer would instantly communicate this stimulus to the microcontroller (104), determining the transition in the subsequent and included TX-RX Mode, High Mode operating modes.

[0071] With reference to the accompanying drawings, and particularly to FIG. 4, the graph (500) is shown which represents, in the time domain, an operating example of the lower Sinf and upper Ssup thresholds with respect to a series of possible stresses/movements detected by the accelerometer (103). In particular, this graph details the intensity components of the two aforementioned thresholds Dm.M and Dm.L and identifies the occasions on which these thresholds are surpassed or not and the time duration of said stimuli, in order to verify whether the time components of said thresholds are also surpassed, i.e., Tm.M and Tm.L.

[0072] In particular, it can be seen that, thanks to the threshold Dm.M, when the die is in Mid Mode reduced consumption mode, many lower intensity stresses are filtered, while thanks to the threshold Tm.M, the peak movement corresponding to T1, being very short (T1<Tm.M), is not taken into account, while all subsequent stress peaks (of durations respectively equal to T2, T3 and T4, being longer in duration than Tm.M), are considered by the accelerometer as sufficient to determine the surpassing of Sinf, consequently decreeing the transition to the active mode of the die.

[0073] If the die is in the Low Mode minimum consumption mode, in the presence of the same conditions, the threshold Dm.L would allow, already alone, not to consider most of the stresses undergone, but the use of this intensity threshold in combination with the duration threshold Tm.L, also allows to ignore sudden peaks of movement (for example determined by a shock), such as that in T5 (with T5<Tm.L), detecting as valid stimulus for activating the device only that corresponding to a stress of intensity greater than the threshold, prolonged for a high amount of time (T6>Tm.L).

[0074] With reference to the accompanying drawings, and in particular to FIG. 5, FIG. 6, FIG. 7, FIG. 8, FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, the consumption diagrams related to different use cases of the die (100) are shown in detail; said diagrams illustrate the energy consumption related to said four different modes and the transitions therebetween, according to different situations of use; said consumption is also compared with the consumption and typical transactions of a traditional electronic die.

[0075] With reference to the accompanying drawings and particularly to FIG. 5, the energy consumption of a typical commercial die in a common operating cycle is shown.

[0076] Said graph comprising the steps of: [0077] initial state in reduced consumption mode (Mid Mode or IDLE); [0078] transition to the active state (ACT) following an external stress detected by an accelerometer and of an intensity greater than a fixed activation threshold (Sx); said threshold comparable and functionally equivalent to that (Sinf) referred to in the proposed patent; [0079] acquisition of the stable roll result; [0080] automatic transition in transmission made (TX); [0081] broadcasting of the roll result with N transmission attempts during the transmission step (for comparison purposes, it is assumed that 5 data transmission attempts are made); [0082] switching off the Radio and CPU components (OFF) and transitioning to reduced consumption mode (Mid Mode or IDLE);

[0083] It should also be noted that the development and time duration of the steps shown in FIG. 5 is fixed, i.e., it is performed according to predetermined times (x seconds of acquisition of the roll, N attempts to transmit the result, programmed shutdown after x seconds from the transmission). Although cautiously overabundant and overdetermined to ensure the effectiveness of each step, these times cannot be modified depending on the environmental and game situations (for example, reception of the result, actual game in progress, involuntary die rolls, random stresses not connected with the actual game, etc.).

[0084] With reference to the accompanying drawings and particularly to FIG. 6, the energy consumption according to the proposed patent is shown, in particular related to a situation of activation of the die after a prolonged rest, to perform a roll and start using the device within a game (which, presumably, will require repeated rolls). This situation involves the transition from a Low Mode minimum power consumption state, said consumption being significantly lower than that of the commercial electronic dice, to an active state and transmission of the result (once a stable position has been reached), and then to a Mid Mode reduced consumption mode, said consumption being considered almost equivalent to that of the commercial dice, for the sole purpose of ensuring the necessary speed and sensitivity of response, during the subsequent game steps.

[0085] In particular, said FIG. 6 shows the sequence in which the die (100), being in Low Mode minimum consumption mode, is externally and vigorously stressed by the player (with a stress of high intensity and duration, both surpassing the threshold parameters Dm.L and Tm.L), in order to use it during the game, with a remote terminal (200) or mediator (300) connected and ready to receive the result of the roll. Said graph comprising the steps of: [0086] initial state in Low Mode minimum consumption mode; [0087] transition to TX-RX mode due to a significant external stress detected by the accelerometer and intensity above a predetermined upper activation threshold Ssup; [0088] verifying the presence of remote game terminals (200), or mediators (300), by means of a handshake mechanism (READY/OK—sending the READY message, receiving affirmative confirmation from the remote device) with said devices; [0089] transition in High Mode; [0090] acquisition of the stable roll result; [0091] automatic transition in TX-RX mode; [0092] broadcasting of the roll result after verification of the affirmative reception of the TRL/OK transmission attempt; [0093] switching off the Radio (106) and CPU (105) components and transitioning to Mid Mode reduced consumption mode;

[0094] It should be further noted that the development and time duration of the steps shown in FIG. 6 is not fixed but, thanks to the aforementioned READY/OK and TRL/OK handshake mechanisms, the system, while employing the most energy-consuming transmission resources (106) twice, does so only for minimal, strictly necessary times, immediately stopping the broadcasting of the READY activation state and the transmission of the result TRL, as soon as the external device sends reception confirmation, without the need to repeat the transmission for a number N of repetitions and/or for a predetermined time, as instead occurs in the traditional type of dice. It should also be noted that the use of a two-way communication system allows to reduce the fixed and oversized times, typical of a traditional electronic die, conveniently allowing to switch to Mid Mode energy saving mode as soon as the sequence is complete and the result obtained has been successfully transmitted. Finally, it should be noted that in addition to saving energy, the early return to Mid Mode also allows the die to be prepared earlier for any subsequent rolls.

[0095] With reference to the accompanying drawings and particularly to FIG. 7, the energy consumption according to the proposed patent is shown during a series of two successive rolls, said sequence being obviously reproducible by series of multiple rolls. In this case, the system starts from a Mid Mode reduced consumption state and, once the result is acquired and transmitted, returns to the same initial Mid Mode reduced consumption state, thus preparing for any subsequent rolls.

[0096] In particular, the aforementioned FIG. 7 shows the sequence in which the die (100), initially in Mid Mode reduced consumption mode, is normally used by the player during the game by picking up and moving it to roll it (thus generating a stress of reduced intensity and duration, but still higher than the threshold parameters Dm.M and Tm.M), with a remote terminal (200) or mediator (300) connected and ready to receive the roll result.

[0097] Said graph comprising the steps of: [0098] initial state in Mid Mode reduced consumption mode; [0099] transition to TX-RX transmission mode due to external stress detected by an accelerometer of intensity greater than a predetermined lower activation threshold Sinf; [0100] verification of the presence of remote game terminals (200), or mediators (300), by means of a handshake mechanism with a positive READY/OK result of the transmission with said devices; [0101] transition in High Mode; [0102] acquisition of the stable roll result; [0103] automatic transition in TX-RX transmission mode; [0104] broadcasting of the roll result and verification of the successful receipt of the TRL/OK transmission attempt; [0105] switching off the Radio (106) and CPU (105) components and transitioning to Mid Mode reduced consumption mode;

[0106] Also in this context, the development and time duration of the steps shown in FIG. 6 is not fixed but, thanks to the READY/OK and TRL/OK handshake mechanisms, the system, while employing the most energy-consuming transmission resources (106) twice, does so only for minimal, strictly necessary times, immediately stopping the broadcasting of the READY activation state and the transmission of the result TRL, as soon as the external device sends reception confirmation, without the need to repeat the transmission for a number N of repetitions and/or for a predetermined time, as occurs in the traditional type of dice. This allows to reduce the fixed and oversized times typical of a traditional electronic die, conveniently allowing to return, upon transmission of the roll result, to the Mid Mode reduced consumption mode, preparing immediately for any subsequent rolls.

[0107] With reference to the accompanying drawings and particularly to FIG. 8, the energy consumption according to the proposed patent is shown in the case of superfluous use of the die (100), i.e., in the case where said die is arranged for use, being in Mid Mode reduced consumption mode, but it is not really necessary to use it since the receiving apparatus (remote device or mediator) is not active or adequately arranged. This can occur, for example, due to unexpected stresses on the accelerometer attributable for example to environmental problems such as vibrations, accidental displacement of the dice or simple mistakes of the player or alternatively, due to problems related to the connection with the game terminals (200, 300) if, for example, said terminals (200, 300) are not connected for various reasons (early termination of the game, suspension, deactivation, interruption of the connection with the connected game terminals, etc.).

[0108] In this context, the system, starting from a Mid Mode reduced consumption state and being randomly activated or voluntarily activated, but without the remote terminal (200) or mediator (300) being in conditions to receive the roll result, does not waste energy to enter the active state and determine the roll result, but also switches to Low Mode minimum energy consumption mode, waiting for any voluntary interaction that will return it to a state of predisposition to the game.

[0109] Said graph of FIG. 8 comprising the steps of: [0110] initial state in Mid Mode reduced consumption mode; [0111] transition to the TX-RX state due to an external stress detected by the accelerometer of intensity greater than a predetermined lower activation threshold (Sinf); [0112] verification, with negative results, of the presence of remote game terminals (200), or mediators (300), by means of a READY/Null handshake mechanism with said devices and any redundancy mechanism (N transmission attempts); [0113] switching off the Radio (106) and CPU (105) components and transitioning to Low Mode consumption mode;

[0114] Thanks to this sequence, the die (100), in case of unwanted stresses or in case of desired stresses but with the receiving devices not ready, reasonably arranges for maximum energy savings, that is, enters the Low Mode minimum consumption mode, having received no response to the READY signal thereof.

[0115] With reference to the accompanying drawings and particularly to FIG. 9, the energy consumption according to the proposed patent is shown in a limit case in which the game is interrupted or the receiving station is missing during a roll. In this case, the system starts from a Mid Mode reduced consumption state and, once the result is acquired, tries to transmit it, but without receiving a response; in this situation, therefore, the die automatically goes into the Low Mode minimum consumption state, allowing energy absorption to be reduced.

[0116] In particular, the aforementioned FIG. 9 shows the sequence in which the die (100), being in Mid Mode reduced consumption mode, is normally used by the player during the game by picking up and moving it to roll it (thus generating a stress of reduced intensity and duration, but still surpassing the threshold parameters Dm.M and Tm.M), with a remote terminal (200) or mediator (300) temporarily connected and ready to receive the result of the roll; said remote terminal (200) or mediator (300), after having given confirmation of availability in the Ready/OK handshake step, is switched off or disconnected due to a fault or the end of the game time, no longer being available to receive the result, once the die has reached a stable position.

[0117] Said graph comprising the steps of: [0118] initial state in Mid Mode minimum consumption mode; [0119] transition to the TX-RX state due to external stress detected by an accelerometer of intensity greater than a predetermined lower activation threshold Sinf; [0120] verification of the presence of remote game terminals (200) by means of the READY/OK handshake mechanism with said devices; [0121] transition in High Mode; [0122] acquisition of the stable roll result; [0123] automatic transition in TX-RX transmission mode; [0124] broadcasting with negative outcome of the roll result with TRL/Null handshake verification of the reception after each transmission attempt and redundancy mechanism with N transmission attempts; [0125] switching off the Radio (106) and CPU (105) components and transitioning to Low Mode consumption mode;

[0126] With this sequence, the highly unlikely possibility is also supported that the receiving apparatus will interrupt the operation thereof during a roll and, conveniently, the die will attempt to transmit the roll result for N number of attempts (to ensure the effectiveness of the transmission even in case of any interference or disturbance situations or errors), after which, not receiving confirmation, instead of returning to reduced consumption mode (Mid Mode) it will automatically put itself into minimum consumption mode, reducing energy expenditure and limiting (thanks to the adoption of the upper activation threshold) the possibilities of involuntary or accidental activation, contributing to further limit consumption.

[0127] With reference to the accompanying drawings and particularly to FIG. 10, the energy consumption according to the proposed patent is shown with the superfluous use of the die (100), i.e., if said die is in Low Mode minimum consumption mode and is accidentally activated, faced with prolonged and high stress, but it is not really necessary to use it, since no game session is in progress and the receiving apparatus or mediator is not predisposed. This can occur due to unexpected stresses on the accelerometer due, for example, to environmental problems, such as high intensity vibrations, accidental and prolonged shaking of the dice, or simple player errors. In this context, the system, starting from a Low Mode minimum consumption state, requires high stresses for a prolonged time to be activated, which makes inadvertent accidental activation highly unlikely; should this eventuality occur, since no receiving device is present, the die does not waste energy to enter the active state and determine the roll result, but also returns to Low Mode minimum consumption mode, waiting for a new voluntary interaction to return it to a state of predisposition to play.

[0128] Said graph of FIG. 10 comprising the steps of: [0129] initial state in Low Mode minimum consumption mode; [0130] transition to the TX-RX state due to an external stress detected by the accelerometer of intensity greater than a predetermined upper activation threshold Ssup; [0131] verification, with negative results, of the presence of remote game terminals (200), by means of a READY/Null handshake mechanism with said devices and any redundancy mechanism with N transmission attempts; [0132] switching off the Radio (106) and CPU (105) components and transitioning to Low Mode consumption mode;

[0133] Thanks to this sequence, the die (100), in the event of unwanted stresses or accidental activation, automatically returns to the condition of maximum energy saving, having not received a response to its READY signal.

[0134] With reference to the accompanying drawings, and particularly to FIG. 11, the typical structure of a table (600) related to the parameters preloaded in the memory (107) of the microcontroller (104) is shown in detail; said table can be used to dynamically define the settings useful for the general operation of the control board (102) and particularly of the accelerometer (103), to define appropriate settings and tolerances of the processes for acquiring the result of the die (100).

[0135] The energy saving performance of the die (100), according to the proposed patent, strongly depends on the ability of the electronic board to discern stimuli not connected to the actual game, in order to exploit the energy components only if necessary and only for the time strictly useful for the correct acquisition and transmission of the result of a roll. It follows that the adequacy of the transition thresholds between states and the correct identification of the stable result in an adequate and minimum time are crucial to achieve significant energy saving. Unfortunately, these performances can be affected (in terms of saving or even worse in terms of reliability) depending on adverse environmental conditions (irregularities of the game plane, environments subject to vibrations such as trains, ships, planes, etc.). These stimuli and external elements cannot be managed dynamically and in real time, unless they are accompanied by devices of absolutely unrealistic complexity, size and cost.

[0136] To this end, the patent further involves loading in the memory (107) a look-up table (600) which provides the parameters for setting the control board (102) with the varying of Z possible environmental situations selectable by the player, allowing the apparatus to always operate in an optimal or almost optimal condition.

[0137] Said parameters include those related to the accelerometer (103), i.e., three sampling intervals [Dt.L, Dt.M, Dt.H] and the parameters defining the upper Ssup [Dm.L, Tm.L] and lower Sinf [Dm.M, Tm.M] activation thresholds, which may be suitably modified to ensure the effectiveness of the consumption reduction mechanism under different conditions of use. Consider, for example, the use of the die during a trip in a vehicle or in the presence of environmental vibrations produced by machinery or other factors. In this situation the standard threshold Sinf may not be adequate because, in the presence of overly low thresholds, vibrations could result in frequent accidental activations of the apparatus, resulting in increased consumption; the setting of different thresholds (higher than normal) allows to effectively filter environmental disturbances, to the detriment of a minimum reduction in the reactivity of the apparatus.

[0138] Similarly, in anticipation of a long transport of the equipment with vehicles strongly subject to vibration, it may be desirable to modify the values of the upper threshold Ssup, to avoid even accidental activations, ensuring a lower consumption of the batteries.

[0139] Further parameter variations could be defined, for example, to “customize” the responsiveness of the dice during the game, based on how each player usually picks up and shakes the dice, before a roll, etc.

[0140] Said table (600) further includes two parameters dm.x and DV.x which, with the varying of Z possible environmental situations, allow respectively to fix tolerances on the detection of the gravity vector and on the achievement of a stable position of the die.

[0141] In detail, the parameter dm.x, which can be set a priori, is a parameter to compensate for geometric irregularities which, with the varying of Z scopes of use, can affect the correct acquisition of the gravity vector of the accelerometer (103) at the end of a roll. In particular, the parameter dm.x of spatial stability of the die (100) is used to interpret and possibly compensate for small inconsistencies between the gravity vector Vg(x,y,z) measured by the accelerometer (103) at the end of the rolls of the die (100) with respect to the theoretical values expected for the recognition of the roll result. Such inconsistencies may be attributable, for example, to irregularities in the game plane on which the dice are rolled or to the inclination of the medium on which the die is located or of the game board. To this end, it will thus be necessary to discern, during the rolls, whether the deviation between the actual gravity vector measured by the accelerometer (103) during the roll and the theoretical value of the expected gravity vector is tolerable or not. This is to discern if there are small deviations attributable to surface defects or actual interferences from the game environment, or if an unreliable or invalid roll has actually occurred (die incorrectly positioned, for example on an edge, or inclined due to the presence of obstructions and interfering objects, etc.).

[0142] The parameter dm.x will therefore allow to set the limit within which said deviations of the gravity vector are acceptable by the microcontroller (104) of the die (100), allowing the optimization of the detection process of the roll result with the varying of Z environmental situations preloaded in the memory (107) and predefined a priori, particularly depending on the different features such as the type or regularity of the rolling surface and further according to the shape and number of faces of the die (100) used, which reasonably influence the stability tolerance of the gravity vector from the geometric point of view.

[0143] Similarly, the parameter DV.x defines, when the varying of Z environmental situations, the tolerance margins on the achievement of asymptotic stability of the die, once rolled. Therefore, the parameter DV.x establishes the minimum acceptable stress intensity so that the die can be considered reliably “stopped” and therefore, the process of analysing the orientation of the gravity vector aimed at determining the outcome of the roll can be started. In fact, in some game situations the support surface may not be completely stationary but, on the contrary, it may be constantly subject to vibrations generated by external factors, such as the aforementioned vibrations of the vehicle in which the game is in progress or caused by the presence of machinery or other devices in the vicinity; the parameter DV.x will therefore allow to define the tolerance level of the die stability verification procedure, conveniently allowing to provide correct results even in conditions of precarious stability or presence of external disturbance factors and above all, reducing, in these particular conditions, the detection times of the stable position, allowing the transmission of the result to begin more quickly and, consequently, the activation of the energy saving mode.

[0144] According to a further and possible implementation, the parameters of said table (600) may, if necessary, be modified by remote configuration by the connected game device (200) or the mediator (300), for example to update its values or to create presets useful for customizing the user experience and making it more suitable for different games or different types of users. In addition, learning and data mining procedures may be provided to dynamically optimize these parameters based on previous use.

[0145] With reference to the accompanying drawings and particularly to FIG. 12, the algorithm (700) is shown which defines the transitions between the various operating and energy consumption modes with the varying of the data measured by the accelerometer (103) and the settings illustrated in FIG. 3 and FIG. 11 and are suitably preloaded into the memory (107) of the microcontroller (102).

[0146] In particular, the algorithm (700) provides the following variables/parameters: [0147] M(t), [Gx, Gy, Gz]: Instantaneous value of the magnitude of movement (stress) and instantaneous value of the gravity vector, measured by the accelerometer (103); [0148] M(t+Dt): Instantaneous value of the amount of movement (stress) measured by the accelerometer (103) and detected at a later time (t+Dt), variable depending on the sampling period Dt set, depending on the activation state of the device. [0149] [Dt, Dm, Tm]: sampling interval, minimum movement intensity threshold considered, minimum duration of stimuli surpassing said minimum intensity threshold, related to the accelerometer (103); said parameters are set dynamically on the accelerometer (103) depending on the activation state and, in particular, with respect to the Low Mode minimum energy consumption and Mid Mode reduced energy consumption states. For the sake of completeness, it should be recalled that in High Mode a high sampling frequency is used for the accelerometer, while in TX-RX transmission/communication mode the accelerometer is not used. [0150] [Dt.L.x, Dm.L.x, Tm.L.x], [Dt.M.x, Dm.M.x, Tm.M.x] with 1<x<Z: presets related to Z possible situations of use and/or functional configuration of the system (customizations) and concerning respectively the sampling interval (hence the sampling frequency), the minimum intensity and the minimum duration of the stimulus M(t) said parameters to be used to define the detection thresholds of the accelerometer (103); said preset values preloaded in the memory (107) of the microcontroller (104) in the form of a look-up table (600) and possibly modifiable or updatable through an external system connected with the die. [0151] dm.x with 1<x<Z: presets related to Z possible situations of use and inherent to the limit within which any deviations of the gravity vector detected with respect to the perfect orthogonality with the support face, are acceptable in terms of precision in determining the roll result of the die (100). [0152] DV.x with 1<x<Z: presets related to Z possible situations of use and inherent tolerance margins in terms of instantaneous variation of stress between two successive moments, to define the achievement of asymptotic stability of the die, once rolled. [0153] Vg(x,y,z): orientation of the gravity vector, calculated based on the components [Gx, Gy, Gz], provided by the accelerometer (103) at the end of the roll or asymptotically stable. [0154] VF.i(x,y,z) with 1<i<N where N is the number of faces of the die: vector which identifies the orientation which the gravity vector must assume when the die is in stable equilibrium and shows, on the exposed upper face(s), the roll result. In fact, the vector VF.i corresponds to the vector orthogonal to the face opposite the face i.

[0155] Also with reference to the same FIG. 12, the following commands and checks are identified: [0156] [CPU OFF, CPU ON], [RADIO OFF, RADIO ON]: related to the implementation of the energy-consuming components of the CPU (105) and communication/radio system (106) of the die (100); [0157] WAIT TRX: Handshake step of waiting for response to the transmission made (READY or roll result) for the purpose of checking for the presence of game terminals (200) or mediators (300) connected [READY/OK] or for the verification of correct transmission of the roll result of the die (100) [TRL/OK]

[0158] Algorithm 700 of FIG. 12, in particular, comprises the following steps: [0159] The die (100) is in an energy-saving condition (alternatively Low Mode or Mid Mode, depending on what occurred previously), with CPU (105) and the radio component (106) of the microcontroller (104) off and accelerometer (103) active with sampling interval Dt and detection threshold with intensity Dm and time threshold Tm (these parameters will correspond to the values of the variables set at the end of the previous period of use). [0160] The accelerometer (103) samples, with scanning interval Dt, the stresses undergone by the die (100); when these surpass the intensity threshold Dm, the accelerometer (103) verifies if the time for which said stress remains above the threshold Dm is greater than Tm; if both conditions are verified, the accelerometer (103) sends an interrupt signal to the microcontroller, activating it. [0161] The microcontroller (104) is activated and the system switches to TX-RX transmission mode, interrupting the detection of the accelerometer (103) and sending the “Ready” signal in broadcasting, to check for the possible presence of available game devices (200) or mediators (300). At the end of each of the N transmission pulses (where N is a prefixed integer value which defines the number of attempts to be made before deciding that no one is listening), the system remains in receive mode to check for any responses. [0162] If no game device (200) or mediator (300) responds within the set number of attempts, the system interprets the response as null and automatically switches off the radio part (106), sets the parameters Dt, Dm and Tm of the accelerometer (103) as per the threshold Ssup envisaged for the Low Mode [Dt.L.x, Dm.L.x and Tm.L.x] of the last setting (x) previously used, and also switches off the CPU component (105), returning to the initial situation, i.e., accelerometer (103) listening, microcontroller (104) deactivated, waiting for signal from the accelerometer (103). [0163] If a third system is also available, the handshaking “READY” communication by the die (100) receives an OK(x) response, where “x” is an integer value between 1 and Z indicating which of the presets to use. Based on the value of x, therefore, the CPU (105) switches off the radio (106), loads the set of corresponding parameters from the look-up table inside the memory (107) and at the same time communicates to the accelerometer (103) to activate with minimum sampling interval Dt.H (which determines a high sampling frequency) and goes into High Mode. [0164] The accelerometer (103) constantly detects and communicates the values of the total stress detected (M(t)) and the filtered values of the gravity vector, on the three axes [Gx, Gy, Gz]. The CPU (105) receives such data and compares the total stress value (M(t)) with the value “0+−DV.x”, thereby detecting when the die has reached an “asymptotically stable” position. It should be noted that, as conditions vary, the parameter DV.x may be more or less large, thus defining a more or less forced stability level, in order to identify the achievement of a stability situation even in the presence, for example, of vibrations or external disturbance factors. [0165] When the stability of the die (M(t)<=0+−DV) is reached, the values of the gravity vector Vg (x,y,z) are compared with the possible permissible values VF.i, corresponding to the orientation envisaged for the gravity vector, depending on the value of the exposed face (i); in order to allow both a certain tolerance in the accuracy of the detection of the gravity vector, and the use on irregular surfaces, a variability +−dm.x is allowed for the components of the gravity vector, with respect to the predetermined values for the faces of the die (100), depending on the preset (x) used. [0166] If at least one of the expected values VF.i corresponds, less the tolerance +−dm.x, to the gravity vector Vg(x,y,z) detected, the CPU (104) sets the result as equal to “i”; if, on the contrary, the orientation assumed by the die does not correspond to any of the acceptable results, the result is set to 0 (corresponding to an invalid roll result). [0167] The system switches to transmission mode, switches off the accelerometer (103), activates the radio (106) and transmits the result value, waiting for a response from the TRL/OK receiving third systems. [0168] If no third system responds within the prefixed number of attempts, the system interprets the response as null and automatically turns off the radio part (106), sets the parameters Dt, Dm and Tm of the accelerometer (103) as per the thresholds provided for the Low Mode [Dt.L.x, Dm.L.x and Tm.L.x] of the setting (x) used, and also turns off the CPU component (105), returning to the initial situation, i.e., accelerometer (103) listening, microcontroller (104) off, waiting for a signal from the accelerometer (103). [0169] If a third system is available and active, after the communication of the result the die will receive the response “OK”; thus the microcontroller turns off the radio part (106), sets the parameters Dt, Dm and Tm of the accelerometer as per the thresholds envisaged for Mid Mode [Dt.M.x, Dm.M.x and Tm.M.x] of the setting (x) used, and finally turns off the CPU component (105), returning to the initial situation, i.e., accelerometer (103) listening, microcontroller (104) deactivated, waiting for a signal from the accelerometer (103).

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0170] The proposed system can conveniently be used to significantly reduce the power consumption of said electronic RF dice and increase the operating autonomy thereof. In addition, the proposed system can allow, with the same operating duration required, the use of lower-capacity batteries which notoriously lead to smaller dimensions and an effective miniaturization of the devices. Finally, the system obtained allows to reduce the power consumption of various types of dice regardless of the type, shape, results and functions thereof.

[0171] The invention can be obtained with technical equivalents, with supplementary materials or solutions suitable for the purpose and the application scope. Conformation and dimensions of the constituent parts may vary in a suitable, but consistent way with the proposed solution. By way of example and not of limitation, it is noted that the geometric shapes of the involved parts may be varied while maintaining the above-mentioned functionalities. In addition, the technology implemented for the wireless transmission between the die and the receiving electronic device and especially the type of protocol used may be changed, without however leaving the scope of the peculiar features and functions of the system proposed and claimed below, as may be used for the detection of stresses and movements of the die, device and components alternative or complementary to the accelerometer, such as gyroscope or other types of sensors in degrees of detection of displacements, angular vibrations, movements or mechanical stresses. By varying these implementations, it will be necessary to change the conditioning, acquisition and communication circuits between elements, without, however, departing from the purpose and scope of application of the proposed solution.