Abstract
This is a hinge that simultaneously articulates two substantially planar surfaces forward, outward and downward, in an arc, relative to one another. The hinge can be attached to, and move, any two substantially planar surfaces. It is especially useful when attaching a door to a car with side exhaust pipes. When I choose a door that curves inwardly toward the interior of the car, and attach the inventive hinge, the curve of the door physically covers the exhaust pipe and exhaust gas.
Claims
1. A hinge connecting a first substantially planar surface to a second substantially planar surface and simultaneously articulating those two surfaces outward, forward and downward relative to the first substantially planar surface, in an arc, relative to each other, this hinge comprising: a. a planar quadrilateral linkage with a pair of opposing ends and a pair of opposing arms, connected by four pivoting joints; b. means for attaching and canting the first end of the quadrilateral linkage at an acute angle relative to the first surface; and c. means for attaching and canting the opposing second end of the quadrilateral linkage at an obtuse angle relative to the second surface, this obtuse angle being supplementary to the acute angle.
2. The hinge of claim 1, wherein the acute angle attaching-and-canting means and the obtuse angle attaching-and-canting means comprise brackets.
3. The hinge of claim 1, wherein the acute angle attaching-and-canting means and the obtuse angle attaching-and-canting means comprise triangular prisms.
4. The hinge of claim 1, further comprising a downward displacement control means.
5. The hinge of claim 4, wherein the downward displacement control means is a spring.
6. The hinge of claim 1, wherein the quadrilateral linkage is a parallelogram.
7. The hinge of claim 1, wherein the quadrilateral linkage is a trapezoid.
8. The hinge of claim 1, wherein the first surface is an exterior face of a car body, and the second surface is an interior face of a car door.
9. A method of shielding the occupants of a car from heat generated by side exhaust pipes, this car having a body separating an interior space from an exterior space and positioned above the side exhaust pipes, comprising the steps of: a. cutting out a door from the car body, this door having a substantially planar bottom portion and a top portion curving inwardly toward the interior of the car; b. attaching and canting the first end of the hinge of claim 1 at an acute angle relative to the exterior face of the car body; c. attaching and canting the opposing second end of the hinge of claim 1 at an obtuse angle relative to the interior face of the car door; d. displacing the door outward, forward, and downward relative to the body, in an arc, such that the curving top portion of the door covers the side exhaust pipes and a bottom edge of the door remains above the ground; and e. stepping over the displaced door.
10. A method of simultaneously displacing a car door outward, forward and downward relative to a car body that separates an interior of the car from an exterior of the car, comprising the steps of: a. cutting out a door from the car body, this door having a substantially planar bottom portion and a top portion curving inwardly toward the interior; b. attaching and canting the first end of the hinge of claim 1 at an acute angle relative to the exterior face of the car body; c. attaching and canting the opposing second end of the hinge of claim 1 at an obtuse angle relative to the interior face of the car door; and d. displacing the door outward, forward and downward relative to the body, in an arc, such that the curved top portion of the door covers the side exhaust pipes and a bottom edge of the door remains above the ground.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) FIG. 1 is a bottom perspective view of a first embodiment of the invention, shown with a spring.
(2) FIG. 2 is a top perspective view thereof, shown without a spring.
(3) FIG. 3 is a second bottom perspective view thereof, shown without a spring.
(4) FIG. 4 is a front view thereof.
(5) FIG. 5 is a back view thereof.
(6) FIG. 6 is a right view thereof.
(7) FIG. 7 is a left view thereof.
(8) FIG. 8 is a top view thereof.
(9) FIG. 9 is a bottom view thereof.
(10) FIG. 10 is a top perspective view thereof showing range of movement in space.
(11) FIGS. 11-13 are top perspective views thereof showing three different positions in space.
(12) FIG. 14 is a top perspective view thereof showing a pair of hinges attached to each of two surfaces and showing range of movement in space.
(13) FIGS. 15-17 are top perspective views thereof, showing three different positions in space.
(14) FIG. 18 is a top perspective view of a second embodiment of the invention attached to two surfaces.
(15) FIG. 19 is a top view thereof.
(16) FIGS. 20-22 are front perspective views of the first embodiment of the invention, showing range of movement in space as installed on a car door and body.
(17) FIGS. 23-25 are back perspective views thereof, shown with the door removed.
(18) FIGS. 26-28 are top plan views thereof, shown with the door.
REFERENCE NUMERALS
(19) 1 Hinge 10 First planar surface 20 Second planar surface 30 End 40 Arm 50 Pivoting joint 60 Acute angle bracket 70 Obtuse angle bracket 75 Unitary hybrid bracket 80 Spring 90 Car body 100 Exhaust pipes 110 Car door
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(20) FIG. 1 shows a bottom perspective view of a first embodiment of the invention, shown not attached to any surface. Note the quadrilateral is a parallelogram defined by a pair of parallel arms 40 and opposing ends 30. Ends 30 represent the distance between the arms and form part of the brackets 60 and 70. Bracket 60 comprises end 30 extended lengthwise and widthwise into a flat plane, which is then bent to form an acute angle. Bracket 70 comprises the second and opposing end 30, also extended lengthwise and widthwise into a flat plane, then bent to form an obtuse angle. Preferably, the acute angle measures 45 degrees and the obtuse angle measures 135 degrees. One skilled in the art can vary these angles as long as they are supplementary to each other. The angles can even hypothetically be 90 degrees, if you were to employ gimbal expansion joints in at least two corners of the quadrilateral, instead of simple pivoting joints at the four corners of the hinge.
(21) The ends and the arms are pivotally joined at four joints 50. Optional spring 80, shown in FIG. 1, connects two diagonal joints. FIG. 2 shows a top perspective view of this first embodiment, without spring 80. FIG. 3 shows a second bottom perspective view, similar to FIG. 1 except without a spring. Preferably, arms 40, bracket 60, bracket 70 are made of steel. Arms 40 range from 6.0 to 10.0 cm long and from 1.0 to 2.0 cm wide and from 5 to 10 mm in thickness. Brackets 60 and 70 range from 5.0 to 10.0 mm in thickness.
(22) To create joints 50, I create holes in brackets 60 and 70, spaced apart distance 30. I also create corresponding holes the same diameter at the opposing extremities of each arm. The arms are fastened through these holes, using a fastener that can permanently attach the parts yet allow them to freely pivot. Preferably, each fastener comprises a bolt, a nut, and at least 4 washers (shown in FIG. 8 but not numbered).
(23) FIGS. 4-9 show various perspective views of a single hinge. FIG. 10 shows the range of motion of a single hinge, as obtuse bracket 70 is fixed in place. For simplicity, we show the hinge in three positionstop right, middle and lower left, and not attached to anything. Arms 40 (not numbered in these views) abut against each other at both the top right and the lower left positions, closing the vertical space between them. This firmly stops the movement of the hinge. In between those top and bottom hard stops, there are actually infinitely many middle positions. FIGS. 11-13 break apart this animation into individual steps. FIG. 11 shows the hinge in a top right position. FIG. 12 shows the hinge in an arbitrary middle position. FIG. 13 shows the hinge in a lower left position.
(24) FIG. 14 illustrates the range of motion when two identical hinges are attached in series to a first planar surface 10 and a second planar surface 20. While a single hinge can join and articulate two substantially planar surfaces, adding a second hinge further stabilizes the surfaces and smooths the arc of movement. This single illustration animates how surfaces 10 and 20 move relative to one another as surface 10 is fixed in place and surface 20 moves. For the pair of hinges to be attached in series, they must be spaced apart, and they must have an identically angled bracket attached to the same planar surfaces, facing the same direction. In these illustrations, note first obtuse bracket 70 on a left portion of the first planar surface 10 and second obtuse bracket (not numbered) on a right portion of the first planar surface 10. Note the measure of the two obtuse brackets is the same, and they open up in the same direction (facing the reader). Each hinge has its opposing acute angle bracket attached thereto, but the acute angle brackets are largely obscured in these views.
(25) As with FIG. 10, I show the hinges in three positionstop right, middle and lower left. Arms 40 (not numbered in these views) abut against each other at both the top right and lower left positions to firmly stop the movement of the hinge. In between those top and bottom hard stops, there are, as shown with the single hinge, infinitely many middle positions. FIGS. 15-17 break apart this animation into individual steps. FIG. 15 shows the hinges in a top right position. FIG. 16 shows the hinges in an arbitrary middle position. FIG. 17 shows the hinges in a lower left position.
(26) FIGS. 18-19 show in detail the second embodiment described above. In this second embodiment, we see the arms canted relative to the first surface 10 and second surface 20 at the same angle as in FIGS. 15-17. Unlike FIGS. 15-17 which use two separate hinges arranged in series, here we extended and blended the brackets attached to the same planar surface, into a unitary hybrid bracket 75. We attach a first unitary hybrid bracket 75 to the first planar surface 10. The first unitary hybrid bracket is bent at an obtuse angle toward the left of first planar surface 10 and bent at an acute angle toward the right of first planar surface 10. A second unitary hybrid bracket 75 is mounted onto the second planar surface, bent at an obtuse angle toward the right of the second planar surface 20 and bent at an acute angle toward the left (not visible) of the second planar surface. FIG. 19 shows a top view of the unitary hybrid bracket canting means which forms a parallelogram. The two obtuse angles are the same measure; the two acute angles are the same measure as well as supplementary to the obtuse angles.
(27) FIGS. 20-22 show how a pair of hinges of the first embodiment would look attached in series in an actual car, and how they move a car door arcwise over a side exhaust pipe. FIGS. 23-25 show detail of FIGS. 20-22, only with the door drawn in phantom to show the position of the hinges as the door moves outward and downward. Because the door is curved inward toward the body of the car, it physically covers the side exhaust pipe and gas. Any hot fumes the pipe emits is covered by the door while the door is in the furthest down position. Spring 80, shown in greatest detail on FIG. 1, slows and controls the downward motion of the door so the door moves under the pull of gravity in a more controlled manner. While the door is in this downward position, a person sitting in this car can easily step over the door. They need never touch the pipe or any hot exhaust gas.
(28) Although embodiments and examples of the invention have been shown and described, it is to be understood that various modifications, substitutions, and rearrangements of parts, components, steps, as well as other uses, shapes, construction, and design of this apparatus and method can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the novel spirit and scope of this invention.
