ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT MATERIAL AND DEVICE THEREOF

Abstract

Provided are an organic electroluminescent material and a device thereof. The organic electroluminescent material is a metal complex comprising a ligand L.sub.a having a structure of Formula 1. The metal complex may be used as a light-emitting material in an electroluminescent device. These new compounds may be applied to electroluminescent devices and can exhibit better performance, achieve higher device efficiency, and significantly improve the overall performance of the devices. Further provided are an electroluminescent device comprising the metal complex and a compound combination comprising the metal complex.

Claims

1. A metal complex, comprising a metal M and a ligand L.sub.a coordinated to the metal M, wherein the metal M is selected from a metal with a relative atomic mass greater than 40, and the ligand L.sub.a has a structure represented by Formula 1: ##STR00037## wherein in Formula 1, Cy is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring having 6 to 24 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring having 5 to 24 ring atoms or a combination thereof; X is selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, NR′, CR′R′, SiR′R′ and GeR′R′, wherein when two R′ are present at the same time, the two R′ are the same or different; X.sub.1 to X.sub.4 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from C, CR.sub.x or N, and at least one of X.sub.1 to X.sub.4 is C and joined to the Cy; X.sub.5 to X.sub.7 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from CR.sub.x or N; X.sub.8 is selected from C; X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 or X.sub.4 is joined to the metal M by a metal-carbon bond or a metal-nitrogen bond; R′ is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof; R.sub.x is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof; R.sub.w is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: substituted or unsubstituted alkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkylene having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyleneoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryleneoxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfanylidene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsulfanylidene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenylene having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynylene having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilylene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilylene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanylidene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanylidene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms and combinations thereof; and adjacent substituents R′, R.sub.w, R.sub.x can be optionally joined to form a ring.

2. The metal complex of claim 1, wherein Cy is any structure selected from the group consisting of: ##STR00038## wherein R represents, at each occurrence identically or differently, mono-substitution, multiple substitutions or non-substitution; and when multiple R are present at the same time in any structure, the multiple R are the same or different; R is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof; two adjacent substituents R can be optionally joined to form a ring; and wherein “#” represents a position where Cy is joined to the metal M, and “┤” represents a position where Cy is joined to X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 or X.sub.4.

3. The metal complex of claim 1, wherein the metal complex has a general formula of M(L.sub.a).sub.m(L.sub.b).sub.n(L.sub.c).sub.q; wherein M is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ag, Au, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt; preferably, M is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from Pt or Ir; L.sub.a, L.sub.b and L.sub.c are a first ligand, a second ligand and a third ligand coordinated to the metal M, respectively, and L.sub.c is the same as or different from L.sub.a or L.sub.b; wherein L.sub.a, L.sub.b and L.sub.c can be optionally joined to form a multidentate ligand; m is selected from 1, 2 or 3, n is selected from 0, 1 or 2, q is selected from 0, 1 or 2, and m+n+q equals an oxidation state of the metal M; wherein when m is greater than or equal to 2, multiple L.sub.a are the same or different; when n is equal to 2, two L.sub.b are the same or different; when q is equal to 2, two L.sub.c are the same or different; L.sub.a is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: ##STR00039## ##STR00040## ##STR00041## ##STR00042## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, NR′, CR′R′, SiR′R′ and GeR′R′; wherein when two R′ are present at the same time, the two R′ are the same or different; R and R.sub.x represent, at each occurrence identically or differently, mono-substitution, multiple substitutions or non-substitution; L.sub.b and L.sub.c are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from a structure represented by any one of the group consisting of: ##STR00043## wherein R.sub.a and R.sub.b represent, at each occurrence identically or differently, mono-substitution, multiple substitutions or non-substitution; X.sub.b is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, NR.sub.N1 and CR.sub.C1R.sub.C2; R, R′, R.sub.a, R.sub.b, R.sub.c, R.sub.N1, R.sub.C1 and R.sub.C2 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof; R.sub.x is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof; R.sub.w is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: substituted or unsubstituted alkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkylene having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyleneoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryleneoxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfanylidene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsulfanylidene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenylene having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynylene having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilylene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilylene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanylidene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanylidene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms and combinations thereof; adjacent substituents R, R′, R.sub.w and R.sub.x can be optionally joined to form a ring; and adjacent substituents R.sub.a, R.sub.b, R.sub.c, R.sub.N1, R.sub.C1, R.sub.C2 can be optionally joined to form a ring.

4. The metal complex of claim 1, wherein the metal complex Ir(L.sub.a).sub.m(L.sub.b).sub.3-m has a structure represented by Formula 3: ##STR00044## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, NR′, CR′R′, SiR′R′ and GeR′R′, wherein when two R′ are present at the same time, the two R′ are the same or different; m is selected from 1, 2 or 3; when m is selected from 1, two L.sub.b are the same or different; when m is selected from 2 or 3, multiple L.sub.a are the same or different; Y.sub.1 to Y.sub.4 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from CR.sub.y or N; X.sub.3 to X.sub.7 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from CR.sub.x or N; X.sub.8 is selected from C; R′, R.sub.y and R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof; R.sub.x is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof; R.sub.w is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: substituted or unsubstituted alkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkylene having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyleneoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryleneoxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfanylidene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsulfanylidene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenylene having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynylene having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilylene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilylene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanylidene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanylidene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms and combinations thereof; adjacent substituents R′, R.sub.w, R.sub.x and R.sub.y can be optionally joined to form a ring; and adjacent substituents R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 can be optionally joined to form a ring.

5. The metal complex of claim 1, wherein X is selected from O or S.

6. The metal complex of claim 4, wherein X.sub.3 to X.sub.7 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from CR.sub.x; and/or Y.sub.1 to Y.sub.4 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from CR.sub.y.

7. The metal complex of claim 4, wherein at least one of X.sub.3 to X.sub.7 is N, and/or at least one of Y.sub.1 to Y.sub.4 is N.

8. The metal complex of claim 1, wherein R.sub.x is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cyano and combinations thereof; preferably, at least one R.sub.x is selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, cyano and combinations thereof; more preferably, at least one R.sub.x is selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, cyano and combinations thereof.

9. The metal complex of claim 1, wherein R.sub.w is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: substituted or unsubstituted alkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkylene having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 3 to 30 carbon atoms and combinations thereof; preferably, R.sub.w is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 3 to 30 carbon atoms and combinations thereof; more preferably, R.sub.w is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene, phenylene, pyridylene, pyrimidinylene, triazinylene, naphthylene, phenanthrylene, anthrylene, fluorenylidene, silafluorenylidene, quinolylene, isoquinolylene, dithiophenylene, difurylene, benzofurylene, benzothienylene, dibenzofurylene, dibenzothienylene, triphenylenylene, carbazolylene, azacarbazolylene, azafluorenylidene, azasilafluorenylidene, azadibenzofurylene, azadibenzothienylene and combinations thereof; optionally, hydrogens in the above groups are partially or fully deuterated.

10. The metal complex of claim 1, wherein R.sub.w is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of A-1 to A-194, wherein A-1 to A-194 have the following specific structures: ##STR00045## ##STR00046## ##STR00047## ##STR00048## ##STR00049## ##STR00050## ##STR00051## ##STR00052## ##STR00053## ##STR00054## ##STR00055## ##STR00056## ##STR00057## ##STR00058## ##STR00059## ##STR00060## ##STR00061## ##STR00062## ##STR00063## ##STR00064## ##STR00065## ##STR00066## ##STR00067## ##STR00068## ##STR00069## ##STR00070## ##STR00071## ##STR00072## ##STR00073## ##STR00074## and combinations thereof; optionally, hydrogens in the above groups can be partially or fully deuterated; wherein “*” represents a position where R.sub.w is joined to X.sub.8 and “#” represents a position where R.sub.w is joined to “CN”.

11. The metal complex of claim 4, wherein R.sub.y is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms and combinations thereof; preferably, at least one R.sub.y is selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms and combinations thereof.

12. The metal complex of claim 4, wherein at least one or at least two of R.sub.5 to R.sub.8 are selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms or a combination thereof, and the total number of carbon atoms in all of R.sub.5 to R.sub.8 is at least 4.

13. The metal complex of claim 4, wherein at least one, at least two, at least three or all of R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms and combinations thereof; preferably, at least one, at least two, at least three or all of R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms and combinations thereof; more preferably, at least one, at least two, at least three or all of R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, neopentyl, t-pentyl and combinations thereof; optionally, hydrogens in the above groups can be partially or fully deuterated.

14. The metal complex of claim 1, wherein L.sub.a is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from any one of the group consisting of: ##STR00075## ##STR00076## ##STR00077## ##STR00078## ##STR00079## ##STR00080## ##STR00081## ##STR00082## ##STR00083## ##STR00084## ##STR00085## ##STR00086## ##STR00087## ##STR00088## ##STR00089## ##STR00090## ##STR00091## ##STR00092## ##STR00093## ##STR00094## ##STR00095## ##STR00096## ##STR00097## ##STR00098## ##STR00099## ##STR00100## ##STR00101## ##STR00102## ##STR00103## ##STR00104## ##STR00105## ##STR00106## ##STR00107## ##STR00108## ##STR00109## ##STR00110## ##STR00111## ##STR00112## ##STR00113## ##STR00114## ##STR00115## ##STR00116## ##STR00117## ##STR00118## ##STR00119## ##STR00120## ##STR00121## ##STR00122## ##STR00123## ##STR00124## ##STR00125## ##STR00126## ##STR00127## ##STR00128## ##STR00129## ##STR00130## ##STR00131## ##STR00132## ##STR00133## ##STR00134## ##STR00135## ##STR00136## ##STR00137## ##STR00138## ##STR00139## ##STR00140## ##STR00141## ##STR00142## ##STR00143## ##STR00144## ##STR00145## ##STR00146## ##STR00147## ##STR00148## ##STR00149## ##STR00150## ##STR00151## ##STR00152## ##STR00153## ##STR00154## ##STR00155## ##STR00156## ##STR00157## ##STR00158## ##STR00159## ##STR00160## ##STR00161## ##STR00162## ##STR00163## ##STR00164## ##STR00165## ##STR00166## ##STR00167## ##STR00168## ##STR00169## ##STR00170## ##STR00171## ##STR00172## ##STR00173## ##STR00174## ##STR00175## ##STR00176## ##STR00177## ##STR00178## ##STR00179## ##STR00180## ##STR00181## ##STR00182## ##STR00183## ##STR00184## ##STR00185## ##STR00186## ##STR00187## ##STR00188## ##STR00189## ##STR00190## ##STR00191## ##STR00192## ##STR00193## ##STR00194## ##STR00195## ##STR00196## ##STR00197## ##STR00198## ##STR00199## ##STR00200## ##STR00201## ##STR00202## ##STR00203## ##STR00204## ##STR00205## ##STR00206## ##STR00207## ##STR00208## ##STR00209## ##STR00210## ##STR00211## ##STR00212## ##STR00213## ##STR00214## ##STR00215## ##STR00216## ##STR00217## ##STR00218## ##STR00219## ##STR00220## ##STR00221## ##STR00222## ##STR00223## ##STR00224## ##STR00225## ##STR00226## ##STR00227## ##STR00228## ##STR00229## ##STR00230## ##STR00231## ##STR00232## ##STR00233## ##STR00234## ##STR00235## ##STR00236## ##STR00237## ##STR00238## ##STR00239## ##STR00240## ##STR00241## ##STR00242## ##STR00243## ##STR00244## ##STR00245## ##STR00246## wherein, optionally, hydrogens in the structures of L.sub.a1 to L.sub.a770 can be partially or fully deuterated.

15. The metal complex of claim 3, wherein L.sub.b is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: ##STR00247## ##STR00248## ##STR00249## ##STR00250## ##STR00251## ##STR00252## ##STR00253## ##STR00254## ##STR00255## ##STR00256## ##STR00257## ##STR00258## ##STR00259## ##STR00260## ##STR00261## ##STR00262## ##STR00263## ##STR00264## ##STR00265## ##STR00266## ##STR00267## ##STR00268## ##STR00269## ##STR00270## ##STR00271## ##STR00272## ##STR00273## ##STR00274## ##STR00275## ##STR00276## ##STR00277## ##STR00278## ##STR00279## ##STR00280## ##STR00281## ##STR00282## ##STR00283## ##STR00284## ##STR00285## ##STR00286## ##STR00287## ##STR00288## ##STR00289## ##STR00290## ##STR00291## ##STR00292## ##STR00293## ##STR00294## ##STR00295## ##STR00296## ##STR00297## ##STR00298## ##STR00299## ##STR00300## ##STR00301## ##STR00302## ##STR00303## ##STR00304## ##STR00305## ##STR00306## ##STR00307## ##STR00308## ##STR00309## ##STR00310## ##STR00311## ##STR00312## ##STR00313## ##STR00314## wherein, optionally, hydrogens in the structures of L.sub.b1 to L.sub.b329 can be partially or fully deuterated.

16. The metal complex of claim 3, wherein L.sub.c is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: ##STR00315## ##STR00316## ##STR00317## ##STR00318## ##STR00319## ##STR00320## ##STR00321## ##STR00322## ##STR00323## ##STR00324## ##STR00325## ##STR00326## ##STR00327## ##STR00328## ##STR00329## ##STR00330## ##STR00331## ##STR00332## ##STR00333## ##STR00334## ##STR00335## ##STR00336## ##STR00337## ##STR00338## ##STR00339## ##STR00340## ##STR00341## ##STR00342## ##STR00343## ##STR00344## ##STR00345## ##STR00346## ##STR00347## ##STR00348## ##STR00349## ##STR00350## ##STR00351## ##STR00352## ##STR00353## ##STR00354## ##STR00355## ##STR00356## ##STR00357## ##STR00358## ##STR00359##

17. The metal complex of claim 1, wherein the metal complex has a structure of Ir(L.sub.a).sub.2(L.sub.b) or Ir(L.sub.a)(L.sub.b).sub.2 or Ir(L.sub.a).sub.3, wherein L.sub.a is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from any one, any two or any three of the group consisting of L.sub.a1 to L.sub.a770, and L.sub.b is selected from any one or any two of the group consisting of L.sub.b1 to L.sub.b329; or the metal complex has a structure of Ir(L.sub.a).sub.2(L.sub.c) or Ir(L.sub.a)(L).sub.2, wherein L.sub.a is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from any one or any two of the group consisting of L.sub.a1 to L.sub.a770, and L.sub.c is selected from any one or any two of the group consisting of L.sub.c to L.sub.c360; or the metal complex has a structure of Ir(L.sub.a)(L.sub.b)(L.sub.c), wherein L.sub.a is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from any one of the group consisting of L.sub.a1 to L.sub.a770, L.sub.b is selected from any one of the group consisting of L.sub.b1 to L.sub.b329, and L.sub.c is selected from any one of the group consisting of L.sub.c1 to L.sub.c360; preferably, the metal complex is selected from the group consisting of Metal Complex 1 to Metal Complex 1578 which are described as follows: Metal Complex 1 to Metal Complex 1488 each have a structure of Ir(L.sub.a)(L.sub.b).sub.2, wherein the two L.sub.b have the same structure or different structures, and L.sub.a and the two L.sub.b respectively correspond to the structures listed in the following table: TABLE-US-00005 Metal Metal Complex L.sub.a L.sub.b L.sub.b Complex L.sub.a L.sub.b L.sub.b 1 L.sub.a1 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 2 L.sub.a2 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 3 L.sub.a3 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 4 L.sub.a4 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 5 L.sub.a5 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 6 L.sub.a6 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 7 L.sub.a7 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 8 L.sub.a8 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 9 L.sub.a9 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 10 L.sub.a10 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 11 L.sub.a11 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 12 L.sub.a12 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 13 L.sub.a13 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 14 L.sub.a14 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 15 L.sub.a15 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 16 L.sub.a16 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 17 L.sub.a17 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 18 L.sub.a18 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 19 L.sub.a19 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 20 L.sub.a20 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 21 L.sub.a21 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 22 L.sub.a22 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 23 L.sub.a23 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 24 L.sub.a24 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 27 L.sub.a27 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 28 L.sub.a28 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 29 L.sub.a29 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 30 L.sub.a30 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 31 L.sub.a31 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 32 L.sub.a32 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 33 L.sub.a33 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 34 L.sub.a34 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 35 L.sub.a35 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 36 L.sub.a36 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 37 L.sub.a37 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 38 L.sub.a38 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 39 L.sub.a39 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 40 L.sub.a40 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 41 L.sub.a41 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 42 L.sub.a42 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 43 L.sub.a43 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 44 L.sub.a44 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 45 L.sub.a45 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 46 L.sub.a46 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 47 L.sub.a47 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 48 L.sub.a48 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 49 L.sub.a49 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 50 L.sub.a50 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 51 L.sub.a51 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 52 L.sub.a52 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 53 L.sub.a53 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 54 L.sub.a54 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 55 L.sub.a55 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 56 L.sub.a56 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 57 L.sub.a57 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 58 L.sub.a58 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 59 L.sub.a59 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 60 L.sub.a60 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 61 L.sub.a61 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 62 L.sub.a62 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 63 L.sub.a63 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 64 L.sub.a64 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 65 L.sub.a65 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 66 L.sub.a66 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 67 L.sub.a67 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 68 L.sub.a68 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 69 L.sub.a69 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 70 L.sub.a70 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 71 L.sub.a71 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 72 L.sub.a72 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 73 L.sub.a73 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 74 L.sub.a74 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 75 L.sub.a75 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 76 L.sub.a76 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 77 L.sub.a77 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 78 L.sub.a78 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 79 L.sub.a79 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 80 L.sub.a80 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 81 L.sub.a81 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 82 L.sub.a82 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 83 L.sub.a83 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 84 L.sub.a84 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 85 L.sub.a85 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 86 L.sub.a86 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 87 L.sub.a87 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 88 L.sub.a88 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 89 L.sub.a89 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 90 L.sub.a90 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 91 L.sub.a91 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 92 L.sub.a92 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 93 L.sub.a93 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 94 L.sub.a94 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 95 L.sub.a95 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 96 L.sub.a96 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 97 L.sub.a97 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 98 L.sub.a98 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 99 L.sub.a99 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 100 L.sub.a100 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 101 L.sub.a101 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 102 L.sub.a102 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 103 L.sub.a103 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 104 L.sub.a104 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 105 L.sub.a105 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 106 L.sub.a106 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 107 L.sub.a107 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 108 L.sub.a108 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 109 L.sub.a109 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 110 L.sub.a110 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 111 L.sub.a111 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 112 L.sub.a112 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 113 L.sub.a113 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 114 L.sub.a114 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 115 L.sub.a115 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 116 L.sub.a116 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 117 L.sub.a117 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 118 L.sub.a118 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 119 L.sub.a119 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 120 L.sub.a120 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 121 L.sub.a121 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 122 L.sub.a122 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 123 L.sub.a123 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 124 L.sub.a124 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 125 L.sub.a125 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 126 L.sub.a126 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 127 L.sub.a127 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 128 L.sub.a128 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 129 L.sub.a129 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 130 L.sub.a130 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 131 L.sub.a131 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 132 L.sub.a132 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 133 L.sub.a133 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 134 L.sub.a134 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 135 L.sub.a135 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 136 L.sub.a136 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 137 L.sub.a137 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 138 L.sub.a138 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 139 L.sub.a139 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 140 L.sub.a140 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 141 L.sub.a141 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 142 L.sub.a142 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 143 L.sub.a143 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 144 L.sub.a144 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 145 L.sub.a145 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 146 L.sub.a146 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 147 L.sub.a147 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 148 L.sub.a148 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 149 L.sub.a149 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 150 L.sub.a150 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 151 L.sub.a151 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 152 L.sub.a152 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 153 L.sub.a153 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 154 L.sub.a154 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 155 L.sub.a155 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 156 L.sub.a156 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 157 L.sub.a157 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 158 L.sub.a158 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 159 L.sub.a159 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 160 L.sub.a160 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 161 L.sub.a161 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 162 L.sub.a162 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 163 L.sub.a163 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 164 L.sub.a164 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 165 L.sub.a165 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 166 L.sub.a166 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 167 L.sub.a167 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 168 L.sub.a168 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 169 L.sub.a169 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 170 L.sub.a170 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 171 L.sub.a171 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 172 L.sub.a172 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 173 L.sub.a173 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 174 L.sub.a174 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 175 L.sub.a175 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 176 L.sub.a176 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 177 L.sub.a177 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 178 L.sub.a178 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 179 L.sub.a179 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 180 L.sub.a180 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 181 L.sub.a181 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 182 L.sub.a182 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 183 L.sub.a183 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 184 L.sub.a184 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 185 L.sub.a185 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 186 L.sub.a186 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 187 L.sub.a187 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 188 L.sub.a188 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 189 L.sub.a189 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 190 L.sub.a190 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 191 L.sub.a191 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 192 L.sub.a192 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 193 L.sub.a193 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 194 L.sub.a194 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 195 L.sub.a195 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 196 L.sub.a196 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 197 L.sub.a197 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 198 L.sub.a198 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 199 L.sub.a199 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 200 L.sub.a200 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 201 L.sub.a201 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 202 L.sub.a202 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 203 L.sub.a203 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 204 L.sub.a204 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 205 L.sub.a205 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 206 L.sub.a206 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 207 L.sub.a207 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 208 L.sub.a208 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 209 L.sub.a209 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 210 L.sub.a210 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 211 L.sub.a211 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 212 L.sub.a212 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 213 L.sub.a213 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 214 L.sub.a214 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 225 L.sub.a215 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 226 L.sub.a216 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 227 L.sub.a217 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 228 L.sub.a218 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 229 L.sub.a219 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 230 L.sub.a220 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 231 L.sub.a221 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 232 L.sub.a222 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 233 L.sub.a223 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 234 L.sub.a224 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 235 L.sub.a225 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 236 L.sub.a226 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 237 L.sub.a227 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 238 L.sub.a228 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 239 L.sub.a229 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 240 L.sub.a230 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 241 L.sub.a231 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 242 L.sub.a232 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 243 L.sub.a233 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 244 L.sub.a234 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 245 L.sub.a235 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 246 L.sub.a236 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 247 L.sub.a237 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 248 L.sub.a238 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 249 L.sub.a239 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 250 L.sub.a240 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 251 L.sub.a241 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 252 L.sub.a242 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 253 L.sub.a243 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 254 L.sub.a244 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 255 L.sub.a245 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 256 L.sub.a246 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 257 L.sub.a247 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 258 L.sub.a248 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 259 L.sub.a249 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 260 L.sub.a250 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 261 L.sub.a251 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 262 L.sub.a252 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 263 L.sub.a253 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 264 L.sub.a254 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 265 L.sub.a255 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 266 L.sub.a256 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 267 L.sub.a257 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 268 L.sub.a258 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 269 L.sub.a259 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 270 L.sub.a260 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 271 L.sub.a261 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 272 L.sub.a262 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 273 L.sub.a263 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 274 L.sub.a264 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 275 L.sub.a265 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 276 L.sub.a266 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 277 L.sub.a267 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 278 L.sub.a268 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 279 L.sub.a269 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 280 L.sub.a270 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 281 L.sub.a271 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 282 L.sub.a272 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 283 L.sub.a273 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 284 L.sub.a274 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 285 L.sub.a275 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 286 L.sub.a276 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 287 L.sub.a277 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 288 L.sub.a278 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 289 L.sub.a279 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 290 L.sub.a280 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 291 L.sub.a281 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 292 L.sub.a282 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 293 L.sub.a283 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 294 L.sub.a284 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 295 L.sub.a285 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 296 L.sub.a286 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 297 L.sub.a287 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 298 L.sub.a288 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 299 L.sub.a289 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 300 L.sub.a290 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 301 L.sub.a291 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 302 L.sub.a292 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 303 L.sub.a293 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 304 L.sub.a294 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 305 L.sub.a295 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 306 L.sub.a296 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 307 L.sub.a297 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 308 L.sub.a298 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 309 L.sub.a299 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 310 L.sub.a300 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 311 L.sub.a301 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 312 L.sub.a302 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 313 L.sub.a303 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 314 L.sub.a304 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 315 L.sub.a305 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 316 L.sub.a306 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 317 L.sub.a307 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 318 L.sub.a308 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 319 L.sub.a309 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 320 L.sub.a310 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 321 L.sub.a311 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 322 L.sub.a312 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 323 L.sub.a313 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 324 L.sub.a314 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 325 L.sub.a315 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 326 L.sub.a316 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 327 L.sub.a317 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 328 L.sub.a318 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 329 L.sub.a319 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 330 L.sub.a320 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 331 L.sub.a321 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 332 L.sub.a322 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 333 L.sub.a323 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 334 L.sub.a324 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 335 L.sub.a325 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 336 L.sub.a326 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 337 L.sub.a327 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 338 L.sub.a328 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 339 L.sub.a329 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 340 L.sub.a330 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 341 L.sub.a331 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 342 L.sub.a332 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 343 L.sub.a333 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 344 L.sub.a334 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 345 L.sub.a335 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 346 L.sub.a336 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 347 L.sub.a337 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 348 L.sub.a338 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 349 L.sub.a339 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 350 L.sub.a340 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 351 L.sub.a341 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 352 L.sub.a342 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 353 L.sub.a343 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 354 L.sub.a344 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 355 L.sub.a345 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 356 L.sub.a346 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 357 L.sub.a347 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 358 L.sub.a348 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 359 L.sub.a349 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 360 L.sub.a350 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 361 L.sub.a351 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 362 L.sub.a352 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 363 L.sub.a353 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 364 L.sub.a354 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 365 L.sub.a355 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 366 L.sub.a356 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 367 L.sub.a357 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 368 L.sub.a358 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 369 L.sub.a359 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 370 L.sub.a360 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 371 L.sub.a361 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 372 L.sub.a362 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 373 L.sub.a363 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 374 L.sub.a364 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 375 L.sub.a365 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 376 L.sub.a366 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 377 L.sub.a367 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 378 L.sub.a368 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 379 L.sub.a369 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 380 L.sub.a370 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 381 L.sub.a371 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 382 L.sub.a372 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 383 L.sub.a373 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 384 L.sub.a374 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 385 L.sub.a375 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 386 L.sub.a376 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 387 L.sub.a377 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 388 L.sub.a378 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 389 L.sub.a379 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 390 L.sub.a380 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 391 L.sub.a381 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 392 L.sub.a382 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 393 L.sub.a383 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 394 L.sub.a384 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 395 L.sub.a385 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 396 L.sub.a386 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 397 L.sub.a387 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 398 L.sub.a388 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 399 L.sub.a389 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 400 L.sub.a390 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 401 L.sub.a391 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 402 L.sub.a392 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 403 L.sub.a393 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 404 L.sub.a394 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 405 L.sub.a395 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 406 L.sub.a396 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 407 L.sub.a397 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 408 L.sub.a398 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 409 L.sub.a399 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 410 L.sub.a400 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 411 L.sub.a401 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 412 L.sub.a402 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 413 L.sub.a403 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 414 L.sub.a404 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 415 L.sub.a405 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 416 L.sub.a406 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 417 L.sub.a407 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 418 L.sub.a408 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 419 L.sub.a409 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 420 L.sub.a410 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 421 L.sub.a411 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 422 L.sub.a412 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 423 L.sub.a413 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 424 L.sub.a414 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 425 L.sub.a415 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 426 L.sub.a416 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 427 L.sub.a417 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 428 L.sub.a418 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 429 L.sub.a419 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 430 L.sub.a420 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 431 L.sub.a421 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 432 L.sub.a422 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 433 L.sub.a423 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 434 L.sub.a424 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 435 L.sub.a425 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 436 L.sub.a426 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 437 L.sub.a427 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 438 L.sub.a428 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 439 L.sub.a429 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 440 L.sub.a430 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 441 L.sub.a431 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 442 L.sub.a432 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 443 L.sub.a433 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 444 L.sub.a434 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 445 L.sub.a435 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 446 L.sub.a436 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 447 L.sub.a437 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 448 L.sub.a438 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 449 L.sub.a439 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 450 L.sub.a440 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 451 L.sub.a441 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 452 L.sub.a442 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 453 L.sub.a443 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 454 L.sub.a444 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 455 L.sub.a445 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 456 L.sub.a446 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 457 L.sub.a447 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 458 L.sub.a448 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 459 L.sub.a449 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 460 L.sub.a450 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 461 L.sub.a451 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 462 L.sub.a452 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 463 L.sub.a453 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 464 L.sub.a454 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 465 L.sub.a455 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 466 L.sub.a456 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 467 L.sub.a457 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 468 L.sub.a458 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 469 L.sub.a459 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 470 L.sub.a460 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 471 L.sub.a496 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 472 L.sub.a500 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 473 L.sub.a502 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 474 L.sub.a504 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 475 L.sub.a508 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 476 L.sub.a509 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 477 L.sub.a510 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 478 L.sub.a515 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 479 L.sub.a522 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 480 L.sub.a523 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 481 L.sub.a524 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 482 L.sub.a525 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 483 L.sub.a534 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 484 L.sub.a535 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 485 L.sub.a567 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 486 L.sub.a570 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 487 L.sub.a583 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 488 L.sub.a585 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 489 L.sub.a586 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 490 L.sub.a689 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 491 L.sub.a698 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 492 L.sub.a700 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b1 493 L.sub.a1 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 494 L.sub.a2 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 495 L.sub.a3 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 496 L.sub.a4 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 497 L.sub.a5 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 498 L.sub.a6 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 499 L.sub.a7 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 500 L.sub.a8 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 501 L.sub.a9 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 502 L.sub.a10 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 503 L.sub.a11 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 504 L.sub.a12 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 505 L.sub.a13 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 506 L.sub.a14 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 507 L.sub.a15 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 508 L.sub.a16 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 509 L.sub.a17 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 510 L.sub.a18 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 511 L.sub.a19 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 512 L.sub.a20 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 513 L.sub.a21 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 514 L.sub.a22 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 515 L.sub.a23 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 516 L.sub.a24 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 517 L.sub.a25 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 518 L.sub.a26 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 519 L.sub.a27 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 520 L.sub.a28 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 521 L.sub.a29 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 522 L.sub.a30 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 523 L.sub.a31 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 524 L.sub.a32 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 525 L.sub.a33 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 526 L.sub.a34 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 527 L.sub.a35 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 528 L.sub.a36 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 529 L.sub.a37 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 530 L.sub.a38 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 531 L.sub.a39 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 532 L.sub.a40 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 533 L.sub.a41 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 534 L.sub.a42 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 535 L.sub.a43 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 536 L.sub.a44 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 537 L.sub.a45 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 538 L.sub.a46 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 539 L.sub.a47 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 540 L.sub.a48 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 541 L.sub.a49 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 542 L.sub.a50 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 543 L.sub.a51 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 544 L.sub.a52 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 545 L.sub.a53 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 546 L.sub.a54 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 547 L.sub.a55 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 548 L.sub.a56 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 549 L.sub.a57 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 550 L.sub.a58 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 551 L.sub.a59 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 552 L.sub.a60 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 553 L.sub.a61 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 554 L.sub.a62 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 555 L.sub.a63 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 556 L.sub.a64 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 557 L.sub.a65 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 558 L.sub.a66 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 559 L.sub.a67 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 560 L.sub.a68 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 561 L.sub.a69 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 562 L.sub.a70 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 563 L.sub.a71 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 564 L.sub.a72 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 565 L.sub.a73 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 566 L.sub.a74 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 567 L.sub.a75 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 568 L.sub.a76 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 569 L.sub.a77 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 570 L.sub.a78 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 571 L.sub.a79 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 572 L.sub.a80 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 573 L.sub.a81 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 574 L.sub.a82 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 575 L.sub.a83 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 576 L.sub.a84 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 577 L.sub.a85 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 578 L.sub.a86 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 579 L.sub.a87 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 580 L.sub.a88 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 581 L.sub.a89 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 582 L.sub.a90 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 583 L.sub.a91 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 584 L.sub.a92 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 585 L.sub.a93 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 586 L.sub.a94 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 587 L.sub.a95 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 588 L.sub.a96 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 589 L.sub.a97 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 590 L.sub.a98 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 591 L.sub.a99 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 592 L.sub.a100 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 593 L.sub.a101 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 594 L.sub.a102 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 595 L.sub.a103 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 596 L.sub.a104 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 597 L.sub.a105 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 598 L.sub.a106 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 599 L.sub.a107 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 600 L.sub.a108 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 601 L.sub.a109 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 602 L.sub.a110 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 603 L.sub.a111 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 604 L.sub.a112 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 605 L.sub.a113 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 606 L.sub.a114 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 607 L.sub.a115 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 608 L.sub.a116 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 609 L.sub.a117 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 610 L.sub.a118 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 611 L.sub.a119 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 612 L.sub.a120 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 613 L.sub.a121 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 614 L.sub.a122 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 615 L.sub.a123 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 616 L.sub.a124 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 617 L.sub.a125 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 618 L.sub.a126 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 619 L.sub.a127 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 620 L.sub.a128 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 621 L.sub.a129 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 622 L.sub.a130 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 623 L.sub.a131 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 624 L.sub.a132 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 625 L.sub.a133 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 626 L.sub.a134 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 627 L.sub.a135 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 628 L.sub.a136 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 629 L.sub.a137 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 630 L.sub.a138 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 631 L.sub.a139 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 632 L.sub.a140 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 633 L.sub.a141 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 634 L.sub.a142 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 635 L.sub.a143 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 636 L.sub.a144 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 637 L.sub.a145 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 638 L.sub.a146 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 639 L.sub.a147 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 640 L.sub.a148 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 641 L.sub.a149 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 642 L.sub.a150 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 643 L.sub.a151 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 644 L.sub.a152 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 645 L.sub.a153 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 646 L.sub.a154 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 647 L.sub.a155 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 648 L.sub.a156 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 649 L.sub.a157 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 650 L.sub.a158 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 651 L.sub.a159 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 652 L.sub.a160 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 653 L.sub.a161 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 654 L.sub.a162 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 655 L.sub.a163 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 656 L.sub.a164 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 657 L.sub.a165 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 658 L.sub.a166 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 659 L.sub.a167 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 660 L.sub.a168 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 661 L.sub.a169 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 662 L.sub.a170 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 663 L.sub.a171 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 664 L.sub.a172 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 665 L.sub.a173 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 666 L.sub.a174 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 667 L.sub.a175 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 668 L.sub.a176 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 669 L.sub.a177 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 670 L.sub.a178 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 671 L.sub.a179 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 672 L.sub.a180 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 673 L.sub.a181 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 674 L.sub.a182 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 675 L.sub.a183 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 676 L.sub.a184 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 677 L.sub.a185 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 678 L.sub.a186 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 679 L.sub.a187 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 680 L.sub.a188 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 681 L.sub.a189 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 682 L.sub.a190 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 683 L.sub.a191 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 684 L.sub.a192 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 685 L.sub.a193 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 686 L.sub.a194 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 687 L.sub.a195 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 688 L.sub.a196 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 689 L.sub.a197 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 690 L.sub.a198 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 691 L.sub.a199 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 692 L.sub.a200 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 693 L.sub.a201 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 694 L.sub.a202 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 695 L.sub.a203 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 696 L.sub.a204 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 697 L.sub.a205 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 698 L.sub.a206 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 699 L.sub.a207 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 700 L.sub.a208 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 701 L.sub.a209 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 702 L.sub.a210 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 703 L.sub.a211 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 704 L.sub.a212 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 705 L.sub.a213 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 706 L.sub.a214 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 707 L.sub.a215 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 708 L.sub.a216 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 709 L.sub.a217 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 710 L.sub.a218 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 711 L.sub.a219 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 712 L.sub.a220 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 713 L.sub.a221 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 714 L.sub.a222 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 715 L.sub.a223 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 716 L.sub.a224 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 717 L.sub.a225 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 718 L.sub.a226 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 719 L.sub.a227 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 720 L.sub.a228 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 721 L.sub.a229 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 722 L.sub.a230 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 723 L.sub.a231 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 724 L.sub.a232 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 725 L.sub.a233 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 726 L.sub.a234 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 727 L.sub.a235 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 728 L.sub.a236 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 729 L.sub.a237 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 730 L.sub.a238 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 731 L.sub.a239 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 732 L.sub.a240 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 733 L.sub.a241 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 734 L.sub.a242 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 735 L.sub.a243 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 736 L.sub.a244 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 737 L.sub.a245 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 738 L.sub.a246 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 739 L.sub.a247 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 740 L.sub.a248 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 741 L.sub.a249 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 742 L.sub.a250 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 743 L.sub.a251 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 744 L.sub.a252 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 745 L.sub.a253 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 746 L.sub.a254 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 747 L.sub.a255 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 748 L.sub.a256 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 749 L.sub.a257 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 750 L.sub.a258 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 751 L.sub.a259 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 752 L.sub.a260 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 753 L.sub.a261 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 754 L.sub.a262 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 755 L.sub.a263 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 756 L.sub.a264 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 757 L.sub.a265 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 758 L.sub.a266 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 759 L.sub.a267 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 760 L.sub.a268 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 761 L.sub.a269 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 762 L.sub.a270 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 763 L.sub.a271 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 764 L.sub.a272 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 765 L.sub.a273 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 766 L.sub.a274 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 767 L.sub.a275 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 768 L.sub.a276 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 769 L.sub.a277 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 770 L.sub.a278 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 771 L.sub.a279 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 772 L.sub.a280 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 773 L.sub.a281 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 774 L.sub.a282 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 775 L.sub.a283 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 776 L.sub.a284 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 777 L.sub.a285 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 778 L.sub.a286 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 779 L.sub.a287 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 780 L.sub.a288 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 781 L.sub.a289 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 782 L.sub.a290 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 783 L.sub.a291 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 784 L.sub.a292 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 785 L.sub.a293 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 786 L.sub.a294 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 787 L.sub.a295 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 788 L.sub.a296 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 789 L.sub.a297 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 790 L.sub.a298 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 791 L.sub.a299 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 792 L.sub.a300 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 793 L.sub.a301 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 794 L.sub.a302 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 795 L.sub.a303 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 796 L.sub.a304 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 797 L.sub.a305 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 798 L.sub.a306 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 799 L.sub.a307 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 800 L.sub.a308 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 801 L.sub.a309 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 802 L.sub.a310 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 803 L.sub.a311 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 804 L.sub.a312 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 805 L.sub.a313 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 806 L.sub.a314 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 807 L.sub.a315 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 808 L.sub.a316 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 809 L.sub.a317 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 810 L.sub.a318 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 811 L.sub.a319 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 812 L.sub.a320 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 813 L.sub.a321 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 814 L.sub.a322 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 815 L.sub.a323 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 816 L.sub.a324 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 817 L.sub.a325 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 818 L.sub.a326 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 819 L.sub.a327 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 820 L.sub.a328 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 821 L.sub.a329 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 822 L.sub.a330 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 823 L.sub.a331 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 824 L.sub.a332 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 825 L.sub.a333 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 826 L.sub.a334 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 827 L.sub.a335 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 828 L.sub.a336 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 829 L.sub.a337 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 830 L.sub.a338 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 831 L.sub.a339 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 832 L.sub.a340 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 833 L.sub.a341 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 834 L.sub.a342 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 835 L.sub.a343 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 836 L.sub.a344 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 837 L.sub.a345 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 838 L.sub.a346 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 839 L.sub.a347 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 840 L.sub.a348 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 841 L.sub.a349 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 842 L.sub.a350 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 843 L.sub.a351 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 844 L.sub.a352 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 845 L.sub.a353 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 846 L.sub.a354 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 847 L.sub.a355 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 848 L.sub.a356 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 849 L.sub.a357 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 850 L.sub.a358 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 851 L.sub.a359 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 852 L.sub.a360 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 853 L.sub.a361 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 854 L.sub.a362 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 855 L.sub.a363 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 856 L.sub.a364 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 857 L.sub.a365 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 858 L.sub.a366 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 859 L.sub.a367 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 860 L.sub.a368 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 861 L.sub.a369 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 862 L.sub.a370 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 863 L.sub.a371 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 864 L.sub.a372 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 865 L.sub.a373 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 866 L.sub.a374 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 867 L.sub.a375 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 868 L.sub.a376 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 869 L.sub.a377 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 870 L.sub.a378 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 871 L.sub.a379 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 872 L.sub.a380 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 873 L.sub.a381 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 874 L.sub.a382 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 875 L.sub.a383 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 876 L.sub.a384 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 877 L.sub.a385 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 878 L.sub.a386 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 879 L.sub.a387 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 880 L.sub.a388 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 881 L.sub.a389 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 882 L.sub.a390 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 883 L.sub.a391 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 884 L.sub.a392 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 885 L.sub.a393 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 886 L.sub.a394 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 887 L.sub.a395 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 888 L.sub.a396 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 889 L.sub.a397 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 890 L.sub.a398 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 891 L.sub.a399 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 892 L.sub.a400 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 893 L.sub.a401 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 894 L.sub.a402 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 895 L.sub.a403 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 896 L.sub.a404 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 897 L.sub.a405 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 898 L.sub.a406 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 899 L.sub.a407 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 900 L.sub.a408 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 901 L.sub.a409 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 902 L.sub.a410 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 903 L.sub.a411 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 904 L.sub.a412 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 905 L.sub.a413 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 906 L.sub.a414 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 907 L.sub.a415 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 908 L.sub.a416 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 909 L.sub.a417 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 910 L.sub.a418 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 911 L.sub.a419 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 912 L.sub.a420 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 913 L.sub.a421 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 914 L.sub.a422 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 915 L.sub.a423 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 916 L.sub.a424 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 917 L.sub.a425 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 918 L.sub.a426 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 919 L.sub.a427 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 920 L.sub.a428 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 921 L.sub.a429 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 922 L.sub.a430 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 923 L.sub.a431 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 924 L.sub.a432 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 925 L.sub.a433 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 926 L.sub.a434 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 927 L.sub.a435 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 928 L.sub.a436 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 929 L.sub.a437 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 930 L.sub.a438 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 931 L.sub.a439 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 932 L.sub.a440 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 933 L.sub.a441 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 934 L.sub.a442 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 935 L.sub.a443 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 936 L.sub.a444 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 937 L.sub.a445 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 938 L.sub.a446 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 939 L.sub.a447 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 940 L.sub.a448 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 941 L.sub.a449 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 942 L.sub.a450 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 943 L.sub.a451 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 944 L.sub.a452 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 945 L.sub.a453 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 946 L.sub.a454 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 947 L.sub.a455 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 948 L.sub.a456 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 949 L.sub.a457 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 950 L.sub.a458 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 951 L.sub.a459 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 952 L.sub.a460 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 953 L.sub.a496 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 954 L.sub.a500 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 955 L.sub.a502 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 956 L.sub.a504 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 957 L.sub.a508 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 958 L.sub.a509 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 959 L.sub.a510 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 960 L.sub.a515 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 961 L.sub.a522 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 962 L.sub.a523 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 963 L.sub.a524 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 964 L.sub.a525 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 965 L.sub.a534 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 966 L.sub.a535 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 967 L.sub.a567 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 968 L.sub.a570 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 969 L.sub.a583 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 970 L.sub.a585 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 971 L.sub.a586 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 972 L.sub.a689 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 973 L.sub.a698 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 974 L.sub.a700 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b3 975 L.sub.a1 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 976 L.sub.a2 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 977 L.sub.a3 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 978 L.sub.a4 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 979 L.sub.a5 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 980 L.sub.a6 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 981 L.sub.a7 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 982 L.sub.a8 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 983 L.sub.a9 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 984 L.sub.a10 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 985 L.sub.a11 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 986 L.sub.a12 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 987 L.sub.a13 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 988 L.sub.a14 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 989 L.sub.a15 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 990 L.sub.a16 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 991 L.sub.a17 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 992 L.sub.a18 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 993 L.sub.a19 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 994 L.sub.a20 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 995 L.sub.a21 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 996 L.sub.a22 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 997 L.sub.a23 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 998 L.sub.a24 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 999 L.sub.a25 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1000 L.sub.a26 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1001 L.sub.a27 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1002 L.sub.a28 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1003 L.sub.a29 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1004 L.sub.a30 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1005 L.sub.a31 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1006 L.sub.a32 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1007 L.sub.a33 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1008 L.sub.a34 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1009 L.sub.a35 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1010 L.sub.a36 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1011 L.sub.a37 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1012 L.sub.a38 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1013 L.sub.a39 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1014 L.sub.a40 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1015 L.sub.a41 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1016 L.sub.a42 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1017 L.sub.a43 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1018 L.sub.a44 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1019 L.sub.a45 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1020 L.sub.a46 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1021 L.sub.a47 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1022 L.sub.a48 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1023 L.sub.a49 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1024 L.sub.a50 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1025 L.sub.a51 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1026 L.sub.a52 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1027 L.sub.a53 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1028 L.sub.a54 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1029 L.sub.a55 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1030 L.sub.a56 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1031 L.sub.a57 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1032 L.sub.a58 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1033 L.sub.a59 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1034 L.sub.a60 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1035 L.sub.a61 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1036 L.sub.a62 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1037 L.sub.a63 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1038 L.sub.a64 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1039 L.sub.a65 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1040 L.sub.a66 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1041 L.sub.a67 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1042 L.sub.a68 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1043 L.sub.a69 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1044 L.sub.a70 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1045 L.sub.a71 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1046 L.sub.a72 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1047 L.sub.a73 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1048 L.sub.a74 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1049 L.sub.a75 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1050 L.sub.a76 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1051 L.sub.a77 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1052 L.sub.a78 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1053 L.sub.a79 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1054 L.sub.a80 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1055 L.sub.a81 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1056 L.sub.a82 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1057 L.sub.a83 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1058 L.sub.a84 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1059 L.sub.a85 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1060 L.sub.a86 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1061 L.sub.a87 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1062 L.sub.a88 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1063 L.sub.a89 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1064 L.sub.a90 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1065 L.sub.a91 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1066 L.sub.a92 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1067 L.sub.a93 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1068 L.sub.a94 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1069 L.sub.a95 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1070 L.sub.a96 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1071 L.sub.a97 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1072 L.sub.a98 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1073 L.sub.a99 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1074 L.sub.a100 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1075 L.sub.a101 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1076 L.sub.a102 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1077 L.sub.a103 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1078 L.sub.a104 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1079 L.sub.a105 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1080 L.sub.a106 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1081 L.sub.a107 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1082 L.sub.a108 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1083 L.sub.a109 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1084 L.sub.a110 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1085 L.sub.a111 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1086 L.sub.a112 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1087 L.sub.a113 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1088 L.sub.a114 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1089 L.sub.a115 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1090 L.sub.a116 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1091 L.sub.a117 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1092 L.sub.a118 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1093 L.sub.a119 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1094 L.sub.a120 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1095 L.sub.a121 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1096 L.sub.a122 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1097 L.sub.a123 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1098 L.sub.a124 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1099 L.sub.a125 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1100 L.sub.a126 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1101 L.sub.a127 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1102 L.sub.a128 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1103 L.sub.a129 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1104 L.sub.a130 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1105 L.sub.a131 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1106 L.sub.a132 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1107 L.sub.a133 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1108 L.sub.a134 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1109 L.sub.a135 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1110 L.sub.a136 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1111 L.sub.a137 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1112 L.sub.a138 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1113 L.sub.a139 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1114 L.sub.a140 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1115 L.sub.a141 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1116 L.sub.a142 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1117 L.sub.a143 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1118 L.sub.a144 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1119 L.sub.a145 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1120 L.sub.a146 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1121 L.sub.a147 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1122 L.sub.a148 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1123 L.sub.a149 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1124 L.sub.a150 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1125 L.sub.a151 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1126 L.sub.a152 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1127 L.sub.a153 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1128 L.sub.a154 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1129 L.sub.a155 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1130 L.sub.a156 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1131 L.sub.a157 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1132 L.sub.a158 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1133 L.sub.a159 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1134 L.sub.a160 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1135 L.sub.a161 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1136 L.sub.a162 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1137 L.sub.a163 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1138 L.sub.a164 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1139 L.sub.a165 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1140 L.sub.a166 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1141 L.sub.a167 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1142 L.sub.a168 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1143 L.sub.a169 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1144 L.sub.a170 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1145 L.sub.a171 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1146 L.sub.a172 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1147 L.sub.a173 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1148 L.sub.a174 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1149 L.sub.a175 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1150 L.sub.a176 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1151 L.sub.a177 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1152 L.sub.a178 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1153 L.sub.a179 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1154 L.sub.a180 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1155 L.sub.a181 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1156 L.sub.a182 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1157 L.sub.a183 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1158 L.sub.a184 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1159 L.sub.a185 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1160 L.sub.a186 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1161 L.sub.a187 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1162 L.sub.a188 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1163 L.sub.a189 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1164 L.sub.a190 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1165 L.sub.a191 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1166 L.sub.a192 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1167 L.sub.a193 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1168 L.sub.a194 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1169 L.sub.a195 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1170 L.sub.a196 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1171 L.sub.a197 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1172 L.sub.a198 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1173 L.sub.a199 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1174 L.sub.a200 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1175 L.sub.a201 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1176 L.sub.a202 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1177 L.sub.a203 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1178 L.sub.a204 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1179 L.sub.a205 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1180 L.sub.a206 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1181 L.sub.a207 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1182 L.sub.a208 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1183 L.sub.a209 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1184 L.sub.a210 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1185 L.sub.a211 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1186 L.sub.a212 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1187 L.sub.a213 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1188 L.sub.a214 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1189 L.sub.a215 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1190 L.sub.a216 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1191 L.sub.a217 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1192 L.sub.a218 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1193 L.sub.a219 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1194 L.sub.a220 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1195 L.sub.a221 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1196 L.sub.a222 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1197 L.sub.a223 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1198 L.sub.a224 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1199 L.sub.a225 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1200 L.sub.a226 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1201 L.sub.a227 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1202 L.sub.a228 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1203 L.sub.a229 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1204 L.sub.a230 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1205 L.sub.a231 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1206 L.sub.a232 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1207 L.sub.a233 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1208 L.sub.a234 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1209 L.sub.a235 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1210 L.sub.a236 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1211 L.sub.a237 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1212 L.sub.a238 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1213 L.sub.a239 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1214 L.sub.a240 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1215 L.sub.a241 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1216 L.sub.a242 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1217 L.sub.a243 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1218 L.sub.a244 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1219 L.sub.a245 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1220 L.sub.a246 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1221 L.sub.a247 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1222 L.sub.a248 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1223 L.sub.a249 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1224 L.sub.a250 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1225 L.sub.a251 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1226 L.sub.a252 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1227 L.sub.a253 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1228 L.sub.a254 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1229 L.sub.a255 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1230 L.sub.a256 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1231 L.sub.a257 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1232 L.sub.a258 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1233 L.sub.a259 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1234 L.sub.a260 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1235 L.sub.a261 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1236 L.sub.a262 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1237 L.sub.a263 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1238 L.sub.a264 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1239 L.sub.a265 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1240 L.sub.a266 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1241 L.sub.a267 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1242 L.sub.a268 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1243 L.sub.a269 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1244 L.sub.a270 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1245 L.sub.a271 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1246 L.sub.a272 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1247 L.sub.a273 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1248 L.sub.a274 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1249 L.sub.a275 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1250 L.sub.a276 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1251 L.sub.a277 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1252 L.sub.a278 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1253 L.sub.a279 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1254 L.sub.a280 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1255 L.sub.a281 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1256 L.sub.a282 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1257 L.sub.a283 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1258 L.sub.a284 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1259 L.sub.a285 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1260 L.sub.a286 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1261 L.sub.a287 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1262 L.sub.a288 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1263 L.sub.a289 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1264 L.sub.a290 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1265 L.sub.a291 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1266 L.sub.a292 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1267 L.sub.a293 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1268 L.sub.a294 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1269 L.sub.a295 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1270 L.sub.a296 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1271 L.sub.a297 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1272 L.sub.a298 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1273 L.sub.a299 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1274 L.sub.a300 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1275 L.sub.a301 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1276 L.sub.a302 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1277 L.sub.a303 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1278 L.sub.a304 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1279 L.sub.a305 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1280 L.sub.a306 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1281 L.sub.a307 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1282 L.sub.a308 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1283 L.sub.a309 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1284 L.sub.a310 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1285 L.sub.a311 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1286 L.sub.a312 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1287 L.sub.a313 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1288 L.sub.a314 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1289 L.sub.a315 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1290 L.sub.a316 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1291 L.sub.a317 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1292 L.sub.a318 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1293 L.sub.a319 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1294 L.sub.a320 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1295 L.sub.a321 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1296 L.sub.a322 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1297 L.sub.a323 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1298 L.sub.a324 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1299 L.sub.a325 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1300 L.sub.a326 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1301 L.sub.a327 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1302 L.sub.a328 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1303 L.sub.a329 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1304 L.sub.a330 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1305 L.sub.a331 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1306 L.sub.a332 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1307 L.sub.a333 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1308 L.sub.a334 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1309 L.sub.a335 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1310 L.sub.a336 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1311 L.sub.a337 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1312 L.sub.a338 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1313 L.sub.a339 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1314 L.sub.a340 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1315 L.sub.a341 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1316 L.sub.a342 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1317 L.sub.a343 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1318 L.sub.a344 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1319 L.sub.a345 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1320 L.sub.a346 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1321 L.sub.a347 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1322 L.sub.a348 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1323 L.sub.a349 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1324 L.sub.a350 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1325 L.sub.a351 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1326 L.sub.a352 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1327 L.sub.a353 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1328 L.sub.a354 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1329 L.sub.a355 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1330 L.sub.a356 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1331 L.sub.a357 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1332 L.sub.a358 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1333 L.sub.a359 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1334 L.sub.a360 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1335 L.sub.a361 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1336 L.sub.a362 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1337 L.sub.a363 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1338 L.sub.a364 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1339 L.sub.a365 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1340 L.sub.a366 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1341 L.sub.a367 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1342 L.sub.a368 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1343 L.sub.a369 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1344 L.sub.a370 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1345 L.sub.a371 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1346 L.sub.a372 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1347 L.sub.a373 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1348 L.sub.a374 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1349 L.sub.a375 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1350 L.sub.a376 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1351 L.sub.a377 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1352 L.sub.a378 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1353 L.sub.a379 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1354 L.sub.a380 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1355 L.sub.a381 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1356 L.sub.a382 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1357 L.sub.a383 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1358 L.sub.a384 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1359 L.sub.a385 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1360 L.sub.a386 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1361 L.sub.a387 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1362 L.sub.a388 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1363 L.sub.a389 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1364 L.sub.a390 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1365 L.sub.a391 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1366 L.sub.a392 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1367 L.sub.a393 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1368 L.sub.a394 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1369 L.sub.a395 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1370 L.sub.a396 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1371 L.sub.a397 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1372 L.sub.a398 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1373 L.sub.a399 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1374 L.sub.a400 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1375 L.sub.a401 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1376 L.sub.a402 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1377 L.sub.a403 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1378 L.sub.a404 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1379 L.sub.a405 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1380 L.sub.a406 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1381 L.sub.a407 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1382 L.sub.a408 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1383 L.sub.a409 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1384 L.sub.a410 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1385 L.sub.a411 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1386 L.sub.a412 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1387 L.sub.a413 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1388 L.sub.a414 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1389 L.sub.a415 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1390 L.sub.a416 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1391 L.sub.a417 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1392 L.sub.a418 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1393 L.sub.a419 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1394 L.sub.a420 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1395 L.sub.a421 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1396 L.sub.a422 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1397 L.sub.a423 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1398 L.sub.a424 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1399 L.sub.a425 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1400 L.sub.a426 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1401 L.sub.a427 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1402 L.sub.a428 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1403 L.sub.a429 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1404 L.sub.a430 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1405 L.sub.a431 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1406 L.sub.a432 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1407 L.sub.a433 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1408 L.sub.a434 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1409 L.sub.a435 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1410 L.sub.a436 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1411 L.sub.a437 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1412 L.sub.a438 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1413 L.sub.a439 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1414 L.sub.a440 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1415 L.sub.a441 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1416 L.sub.a442 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1417 L.sub.a443 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1418 L.sub.a444 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1419 L.sub.a445 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1420 L.sub.a446 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1421 L.sub.a447 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1422 L.sub.a448 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1423 L.sub.a449 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1424 L.sub.a450 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1425 L.sub.a451 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1426 L.sub.a452 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1427 L.sub.a453 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1428 L.sub.a454 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1429 L.sub.a455 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1430 L.sub.a456 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1431 L.sub.a457 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1432 L.sub.a458 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1433 L.sub.a459 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1434 L.sub.a460 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1435 L.sub.a496 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1436 L.sub.a500 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1437 L.sub.a502 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1438 L.sub.a504 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1439 L.sub.a508 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1440 L.sub.a509 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1441 L.sub.a510 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1442 L.sub.a515 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1443 L.sub.a522 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1444 L.sub.a523 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1445 L.sub.a524 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1446 L.sub.a525 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1447 L.sub.a534 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1448 L.sub.a535 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1449 L.sub.a567 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1450 L.sub.a570 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1451 L.sub.a583 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1452 L.sub.a585 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1453 L.sub.a586 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1454 L.sub.a689 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1455 L.sub.a698 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1456 L.sub.a700 L.sub.b81 L.sub.b81 1457 L.sub.a1 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b3 1458 L.sub.a1 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b8 1459 L.sub.a1 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b12 1460 L.sub.a1 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b17 1461 L.sub.a1 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b81 1462 L.sub.a1 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b89 1463 L.sub.a1 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b12 1464 L.sub.a1 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b89 1465 L.sub.a54 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b3 1466 L.sub.a54 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b8 1467 L.sub.a54 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b12 1468 L.sub.a54 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b17 1469 L.sub.a54 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b81 1470 L.sub.a54 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b89 1471 L.sub.a54 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b12 1472 L.sub.a54 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b89 1473 L.sub.a218 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b3 1474 L.sub.a218 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b8 1475 L.sub.a218 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b12 1476 L.sub.a218 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b17 1477 L.sub.a218 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b81 1478 L.sub.a218 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b89 1479 L.sub.a218 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b12 1480 L.sub.a218 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b89 1481 L.sub.a243 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b3 1482 L.sub.a243 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b8 1483 L.sub.a243 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b12 1484 L.sub.a243 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b17 1485 L.sub.a243 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b81 1486 L.sub.a243 L.sub.b1 L.sub.b89 1487 L.sub.a243 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b12 1488 L.sub.a243 L.sub.b3 L.sub.b89; Metal Complex 1489 to Metal Complex 1530 each have a structure of Ir(L.sub.a).sub.2L.sub.c, wherein the two L.sub.a are the same or different, and the two L.sub.a and L.sub.c respectively correspond to the structures listed in the following table: TABLE-US-00006 Metal Metal Complex L.sub.a L.sub.a L.sub.c Complex L.sub.a L.sub.a L.sub.c 1489 L.sub.a462 L.sub.a462 L.sub.c1 1490 L.sub.a463 L.sub.a463 L.sub.c1 1491 L.sub.a464 L.sub.a464 L.sub.c1 1492 L.sub.a465 L.sub.a465 L.sub.c1 1493 L.sub.a466 L.sub.a466 L.sub.c1 1494 L.sub.a467 L.sub.a467 L.sub.c1 1495 L.sub.a468 L.sub.a468 L.sub.c1 1496 L.sub.a469 L.sub.a469 L.sub.c1 1497 L.sub.a470 L.sub.a470 L.sub.c1 1498 L.sub.a471 L.sub.a471 L.sub.c1 1499 L.sub.a472 L.sub.a472 L.sub.c31 1500 L.sub.a473 L.sub.a473 L.sub.c31 1501 L.sub.a474 L.sub.a474 L.sub.c31 1502 L.sub.a475 L.sub.a475 L.sub.c31 1503 L.sub.a476 L.sub.a476 L.sub.c31 1504 L.sub.a477 L.sub.a477 L.sub.c31 1505 L.sub.a478 L.sub.a478 L.sub.c31 1506 L.sub.a479 L.sub.a479 L.sub.c31 1507 L.sub.a480 L.sub.a480 L.sub.c31 1508 L.sub.a481 L.sub.a481 L.sub.c31 1509 L.sub.a482 L.sub.a482 L.sub.c31 1510 L.sub.a483 L.sub.a483 L.sub.c31 1511 L.sub.a484 L.sub.a484 L.sub.c31 1512 L.sub.a485 L.sub.a485 L.sub.c31 1513 L.sub.a486 L.sub.a486 L.sub.c31 1514 L.sub.a487 L.sub.a487 L.sub.c31 1515 L.sub.a488 L.sub.a488 L.sub.c31 1516 L.sub.a489 L.sub.a489 L.sub.c31 1517 L.sub.a490 L.sub.a490 L.sub.c31 1518 L.sub.a491 L.sub.a491 L.sub.c31 1519 L.sub.a492 L.sub.a492 L.sub.c31 1520 L.sub.a493 L.sub.a493 L.sub.c31 1521 L.sub.a494 L.sub.a494 L.sub.c31 1522 L.sub.a495 L.sub.a495 L.sub.c31 1523 L.sub.a462 L.sub.a463 L.sub.c31 1524 L.sub.a462 L.sub.a464 L.sub.c31 1525 L.sub.a462 L.sub.a465 L.sub.c31 1526 L.sub.a462 L.sub.a466 L.sub.c31 1527 L.sub.a462 L.sub.a467 L.sub.c31 1528 L.sub.a462 L.sub.a468 L.sub.c31 1529 L.sub.a462 L.sub.a469 L.sub.c31 1530 L.sub.a462 L.sub.a470 L.sub.c31; Metal Complex 1531 to Metal Complex 1554 each have a structure of Ir(L.sub.a)(L.sub.b)(L.sub.c), wherein L.sub.a, L.sub.b and L.sub.c respectively correspond to the structures listed in the following table: TABLE-US-00007 Metal Metal Complex L.sub.a L.sub.b L.sub.c Complex L.sub.a L.sub.b L.sub.c 1531 L.sub.a1 L.sub.b1 L.sub.c31 1532 L.sub.a1 L.sub.b3 L.sub.c31 1533 L.sub.a1 L.sub.b12 L.sub.c31 1534 L.sub.a1 L.sub.b15 L.sub.c31 1535 L.sub.a1 L.sub.b17 L.sub.c31 1536 L.sub.a1 L.sub.b81 L.sub.c31 1537 L.sub.a1 L.sub.b85 L.sub.c31 1538 L.sub.a1 L.sub.b90 L.sub.c31 1539 L.sub.a218 L.sub.b1 L.sub.c31 1540 L.sub.a218 L.sub.b3 L.sub.c31 1541 L.sub.a218 L.sub.b12 L.sub.c31 1542 L.sub.a218 L.sub.b15 L.sub.c31 1543 L.sub.a218 L.sub.b17 L.sub.c31 1544 L.sub.a218 L.sub.b81 L.sub.c31 1545 L.sub.a218 L.sub.b85 L.sub.c31 1546 L.sub.a218 L.sub.b90 L.sub.c31 1547 L.sub.a463 L.sub.b1 L.sub.c31 1548 L.sub.a463 L.sub.b3 L.sub.c31 1549 L.sub.a463 L.sub.b12 L.sub.c31 1550 L.sub.a463 L.sub.b15 L.sub.c31 1551 L.sub.a463 L.sub.b7 L.sub.c31 1552 L.sub.a463 L.sub.b81 L.sub.c31 1553 L.sub.a463 L.sub.b85 L.sub.c31 1554 L.sub.a463 L.sub.b90 L.sub.c31; Metal Complex 1555 to Metal Complex 1578 each have a structure of Ir(L.sub.a).sub.3, wherein the three L.sub.a are the same or different, and the three L.sub.a respectively correspond to the structures listed in the following table: TABLE-US-00008 Metal Metal Complex L.sub.a L.sub.a L.sub.a Complex L.sub.a L.sub.a L.sub.a 1555 L.sub.a1 L.sub.a1 L.sub.a1 1556 L.sub.a54 L.sub.a54 L.sub.a54 1557 L.sub.a218 L.sub.a218 L.sub.a218 1558 L.sub.a230 L.sub.a230 L.sub.a230 1559 L.sub.a243 L.sub.a243 L.sub.a243 1560 L.sub.a155 L.sub.a155 L.sub.a155 1561 L.sub.a313 L.sub.a313 L.sub.a313 1562 L.sub.a254 L.sub.a254 L.sub.a254 1563 L.sub.a171 L.sub.a171 L.sub.a171 1564 L.sub.a465 L.sub.a465 L.sub.a465 1565 L.sub.a1 L.sub.a3 L.sub.a4 1566 L.sub.a1 L.sub.a3 L.sub.a6 1567 L.sub.a1 L.sub.a3 L.sub.a10 1568 L.sub.a1 L.sub.a3 L.sub.a13 1569 L.sub.a1 L.sub.a3 L.sub.a25 1570 L.sub.a1 L.sub.a3 L.sub.a28 1571 L.sub.a1 L.sub.a3 L.sub.a35 1572 L.sub.a1 L.sub.a3 L.sub.a37 1573 L.sub.a1 L.sub.a3 L.sub.a40 1574 L.sub.a1 L.sub.a3 L.sub.a42 1575 L.sub.a1 L.sub.a3 L.sub.a45 1576 L.sub.a1 L.sub.a3 L.sub.a65 1577 L.sub.a1 L.sub.a3 L.sub.a80 1578 L.sub.a1 L.sub.a3 L.sub.a88.

18. An electroluminescent device, comprising: an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the organic layer comprises the metal complex of claim 1.

19. The electroluminescent device of claim 18, wherein the organic layer comprising the metal complex is a light-emitting layer.

20. The electroluminescent device of claim 19, wherein the electroluminescent device emits green light or white light.

21. The electroluminescent device of claim 19, wherein the light-emitting layer comprises a first host compound; preferably, the light-emitting layer further comprises a second host compound; more preferably, the first host compound and/or the second host compound comprise at least one chemical group selected from the group consisting of: benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, triazine, carbazole, azacarbazole, indolocarbazole, dibenzothiophene, aza-dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, azadibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, triphenylene, azatriphenylene, fluorene, silafluorene, naphthalene, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline, quinoxaline, phenanthrene, azaphenanthrene and combinations thereof.

22. The electroluminescent device of claim 21, wherein the first host compound has a structure represented by Formula 4: ##STR00360## wherein E.sub.1 to E.sub.6 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from C, CR.sub.e or N, at least two of E.sub.1 to E.sub.6 are N, and at least one of E.sub.1 to E.sub.6 is C and joined to Formula A; ##STR00361## wherein Q is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, N, NR′″, CR′″R′″, SiR′″R′″, GeR′″R′″ and R′″C═CR′″; when two R′″ are present at the same time, the two R′″ may be the same or different; p is 0 or 1; r is 0 or 1; when Q is selected from N, p is 0 and r is 1; when Q is selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, NR′″, CR′″R′″, SiR′″R′″, GeR′″R′″ and R′″C═CR′″, p is 1 and r is 0; L is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted alkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms or a combination thereof; Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.8 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from C, CR.sub.q or N; R.sub.e, R′″ and R.sub.q are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof; “*” represents a position where Formula A is joined to Formula 4; and adjacent substituents R.sub.e, R′″, R.sub.q can be optionally joined to form a ring.

23. The electroluminescent device of claim 22, wherein the first host compound is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR00362## ##STR00363## ##STR00364## ##STR00365## ##STR00366## ##STR00367## ##STR00368## ##STR00369## ##STR00370## ##STR00371## ##STR00372## ##STR00373## ##STR00374## ##STR00375## ##STR00376## ##STR00377## ##STR00378## ##STR00379## ##STR00380## ##STR00381## ##STR00382## ##STR00383## ##STR00384## ##STR00385## ##STR00386##

24. The electroluminescent device of claim 21, wherein the second host compound has a structure represented by Formula 5: ##STR00387## wherein L.sub.x is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted alkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms or a combination thereof; V is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from C, CR.sub.v or N, and at least one of V is C and joined to L.sub.x; U is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from C, CR.sub.u or N, and at least one of U is C and joined to L.sub.x; R.sub.v and R.sub.u are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof; Ar.sub.6 is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms or a combination thereof; and adjacent substituents R.sub.v and R.sub.u can be optionally joined to form a ring; preferably, the second host compound has a structure represented by one of Formula 5-a to Formula 5-j: ##STR00388##

25. The electroluminescent device of claim 24, wherein the second host compound is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR00389## ##STR00390## ##STR00391## ##STR00392## ##STR00393## ##STR00394## ##STR00395## ##STR00396## ##STR00397## ##STR00398## ##STR00399## ##STR00400## ##STR00401## ##STR00402## ##STR00403## ##STR00404## ##STR00405## ##STR00406## ##STR00407##

26. The electroluminescent device of claim 21, wherein the metal complex is doped in the first host compound and the second host compound, and a weight of the metal complex accounts for 1% to 30% of a total weight of the light-emitting layer; preferably, the weight of the metal complex accounts for 3% to 13% of the total weight of the light-emitting layer.

27. A compound combination, comprising the metal complex of claim 1.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electroluminescent device that may contain a metal complex and a compound combination disclosed herein.

[0031] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another electroluminescent device that may contain a metal complex and a compound combination disclosed herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] OLEDs can be fabricated on various types of substrates such as glass, plastic, and metal foil. FIG. 1 schematically shows an organic light-emitting device 100 without limitation. The figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. Some of the layers in the figures can also be omitted as needed. Device 100 may include a substrate 101, an anode 110, a hole injection layer 120, a hole transport layer 130, an electron blocking layer 140, an emissive layer 150, a hole blocking layer 160, an electron transport layer 170, an electron injection layer 180 and a cathode 190. Device 100 may be fabricated by depositing the layers described in order. The properties and functions of these various layers, as well as example materials, are described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 7,279,704 at cols. 6-10, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

[0033] More examples for each of these layers are available. For example, a flexible and transparent substrate-anode combination is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,844,363, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. An example of a p-doped hole transport layer is m-MTDATA doped with F4-TCNQ at a molar ratio of 50:1, as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0230980, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Examples of host materials are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,303,238 to Thompson et al., which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. An example of an n-doped electron transport layer is BPhen doped with Li at a molar ratio of 1:1, as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0230980, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,703,436 and 5,707,745, which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties, disclose examples of cathodes including composite cathodes having a thin layer of metal such as Mg:Ag with an overlying transparent, electrically-conductive, sputter-deposited ITO layer. The theory and use of blocking layers are described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,097,147 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0230980, which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. Examples of injection layers are provided in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0174116, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. A description of protective layers may be found in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0174116, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

[0034] The layered structure described above is provided by way of non-limiting examples. Functional OLEDs may be achieved by combining the various layers described in different ways, or layers may be omitted entirely. It may also include other layers not specifically described. Within each layer, a single material or a mixture of multiple materials can be used to achieve optimum performance. Any functional layer may include several sublayers. For example, the emissive layer may have two layers of different emitting materials to achieve desired emission spectrum.

[0035] In one embodiment, an OLED may be described as having an “organic layer” disposed between a cathode and an anode. This organic layer may include a single layer or multiple layers.

[0036] An OLED can be encapsulated by a barrier layer. FIG. 2 schematically shows an organic light emitting device 200 without limitation. FIG. 2 differs from FIG. 1 in that the organic light emitting device include a barrier layer 102, which is above the cathode 190, to protect it from harmful species from the environment such as moisture and oxygen. Any material that can provide the barrier function can be used as the barrier layer such as glass or organic-inorganic hybrid layers. The barrier layer should be placed directly or indirectly outside of the OLED device. Multilayer thin film encapsulation was described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,968,146, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

[0037] Devices fabricated in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure can be incorporated into a wide variety of consumer products that have one or more of the electronic component modules (or units) incorporated therein. Some examples of such consumer products include flat panel displays, monitors, medical monitors, televisions, billboards, lights for interior or exterior illumination and/or signaling, heads-up displays, fully or partially transparent displays, flexible displays, smart phones, tablets, phablets, wearable devices, smart watches, laptop computers, digital cameras, camcorders, viewfinders, micro-displays, 3-D displays, vehicles displays, and vehicle tail lights.

[0038] The materials and structures described herein may be used in other organic electronic devices listed above.

[0039] As used herein, “top” means furthest away from the substrate, while “bottom” means closest to the substrate. Where a first layer is described as “disposed over” a second layer, the first layer is disposed further away from the substrate. There may be other layers between the first and second layers, unless it is specified that the first layer is “in contact with” the second layer. For example, a cathode may be described as “disposed over” an anode, even though there are various organic layers in between.

[0040] As used herein, “solution processible” means capable of being dissolved, dispersed, or transported in and/or deposited from a liquid medium, either in solution or suspension form.

[0041] A ligand may be referred to as “photoactive” when it is believed that the ligand directly contributes to the photoactive properties of an emissive material. A ligand may be referred to as “ancillary” when it is believed that the ligand does not contribute to the photoactive properties of an emissive material, although an ancillary ligand may alter the properties of a photoactive ligand.

[0042] It is believed that the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of fluorescent OLEDs can exceed the 25% spin statistics limit through delayed fluorescence. As used herein, there are two types of delayed fluorescence, i.e. P-type delayed fluorescence and E-type delayed fluorescence. P-type delayed fluorescence is generated from triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA).

[0043] On the other hand, E-type delayed fluorescence does not rely on the collision of two triplets, but rather on the transition between the triplet states and the singlet excited states. Compounds that are capable of generating E-type delayed fluorescence are required to have very small singlet-triplet gaps to convert between energy states. Thermal energy can activate the transition from the triplet state back to the singlet state. This type of delayed fluorescence is also known as thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). A distinctive feature of TADF is that the delayed component increases as temperature rises. If the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rate is fast enough to minimize the non-radiative decay from the triplet state, the fraction of back populated singlet excited states can potentially reach 75%. The total singlet fraction can be 100%, far exceeding 25% of the spin statistics limit for electrically generated excitons.

[0044] E-type delayed fluorescence characteristics can be found in an exciplex system or in a single compound. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that E-type delayed fluorescence requires the luminescent material to have a small singlet-triplet energy gap (Δ.sub.ES-T). Organic, non-metal containing, donor-acceptor luminescent materials may be able to achieve this. The emission in these materials is generally characterized as a donor-acceptor charge-transfer (CT) type emission. The spatial separation of the HOMO and LUMO in these donor-acceptor type compounds generally results in small Δ.sub.ES-T. These states may involve CT states. Generally, donor-acceptor luminescent materials are constructed by connecting an electron donor moiety such as amino- or carbazole-derivatives and an electron acceptor moiety such as N-containing six-membered aromatic rings.

Definition of Terms of Substituents

[0045] Halogen or halide—as used herein includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

[0046] Alkyl—as used herein includes both straight and branched chain alkyl groups. Alkyl may be alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl groups include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a n-butyl group, an s-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a t-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an n-undecyl group, an n-dodecyl group, an n-tridecyl group, an n-tetradecyl group, an n-pentadecyl group, an n-hexadecyl group, an n-heptadecyl group, an n-octadecyl group, a neopentyl group, a 1-methylpentyl group, a 2-methylpentyl group, a 1-pentylhexyl group, a 1-butylpentyl group, a 1-heptyloctyl group, and a 3-methylpentyl group. Of the above, preferred are a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a n-butyl group, an s-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a t-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, and an n-hexyl group. Additionally, the alkyl group may be optionally substituted.

[0047] Cycloalkyl—as used herein includes cyclic alkyl groups. The cycloalkyl groups may be those having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, preferably those having 4 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkyl include cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4,4-dimethylcylcohexyl, 1-adamantyl, 2-adamantyl, 1-norbornyl, 2-norbornyl, and the like. Of the above, preferred are cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, and 4,4-dimethylcylcohexyl. Additionally, the cycloalkyl group may be optionally substituted.

[0048] Heteroalkyl—as used herein, includes a group formed by replacing one or more carbons in an alkyl chain with a hetero-atom(s) selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, a phosphorus atom, a silicon atom, a germanium atom, and a boron atom. Heteroalkyl may be those having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably those having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably those having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of heteroalkyl include methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, methylthiomethyl, ethylthiomethyl, ethylthioethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, ethoxymethoxymethyl, ethoxyethoxyethyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, mercaptomethyl, mercaptoethyl, mercaptopropyl, aminomethyl, aminoethyl, aminopropyl, dimethylaminomethyl, trimethylgermanylmethyl, trimethylgermanylethyl, trimethylgermanylisopropyl, dimethylethylgermanylmethyl, dimethylisopropylgermanylmethyl, tert-butylmethylgermanylmethyl, triethylgermanylmethyl, triethylgermanylethyl, triisopropylgermanylmethyl, triisopropylgermanylethyl, trimethylsilylmethyl, trimethylsilylethyl, trimethylsilylisopropyl, triisopropylsilylmethyl, and triisopropylsilylethyl. Additionally, the heteroalkyl group may be optionally substituted.

[0049] Alkenyl—as used herein includes straight chain, branched chain, and cyclic alkene groups. Alkenyl may be those having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably those having 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of alkenyl include vinyl, 1-propenyl group, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1,3-butandienyl, 1-methylvinyl, styryl, 2,2-diphenylvinyl, 1,2-diphenylvinyl, 1-methylallyl, 1,1-dimethylallyl, 2-methylallyl, 1-phenylallyl, 2-phenylallyl, 3-phenylallyl, 3,3-diphenylallyl, 1,2-dimethylallyl, 1-phenyl-1-butenyl, 3-phenyl-1-butenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, cycloheptatrienyl, cyclooctenyl, cyclooctatetraenyl, and norbornenyl. Additionally, the alkenyl group may be optionally substituted.

[0050] Alkynyl—as used herein includes straight chain alkynyl groups. Alkynyl may be those having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably those having 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl, propargyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butynyl, 3-ethyl-3-methyl-1-pentynyl, 3,3-diisopropyl-1-pentynyl, phenylethynyl, phenylpropynyl, etc. Of the above, preferred are ethynyl, propynyl, propargyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, and phenylethynyl. Additionally, the alkynyl group may be optionally substituted.

[0051] Aryl or an aromatic group—as used herein includes non-condensed and condensed systems. Aryl may be those having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably those having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably those having 6 to 12 carbon atoms. Examples of aryl groups include phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, triphenylene, tetraphenylene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenalene, phenanthrene, fluorene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, and azulene, preferably phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, triphenylene, fluorene, and naphthalene. Examples of non-condensed aryl groups include phenyl, biphenyl-2-yl, biphenyl-3-yl, biphenyl-4-yl, p-terphenyl-4-yl, p-terphenyl-3-yl, p-terphenyl-2-yl, m-terphenyl-4-yl, m-terphenyl-3-yl, m-terphenyl-2-yl, o-tolyl, m-tolyl, p-tolyl, p-(2-phenylpropyl)phenyl, 4′-methylbiphenylyl, 4″-t-butyl-p-terphenyl-4-yl, o-cumenyl, m-cumenyl, p-cumenyl, 2,3-xylyl, 3,4-xylyl, 2,5-xylyl, mesityl, and m-quarterphenyl. Additionally, the aryl group may be optionally substituted.

[0052] Heterocyclic groups or heterocycle—as used herein include non-aromatic cyclic groups. Non-aromatic heterocyclic groups include saturated heterocyclic groups having 3 to 20 ring atoms and unsaturated non-aromatic heterocyclic groups having 3 to 20 ring atoms, where at least one ring atom is selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, a silicon atom, a phosphorus atom, a germanium atom, and a boron atom. Preferred non-aromatic heterocyclic groups are those having 3 to 7 ring atoms, each of which includes at least one hetero-atom such as nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, or sulfur. Examples of non-aromatic heterocyclic groups include oxiranyl, oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dioxolanyl, dioxanyl, aziridinyl, dihydropyrrolyl, tetrahydropyrrolyl, piperidinyl, oxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, oxepinyl, thiepinyl, azepinyl, and tetrahydrosilolyl. Additionally, the heterocyclic group may be optionally substituted.

[0053] Heteroaryl—as used herein, includes non-condensed and condensed hetero-aromatic groups having 1 to 5 hetero-atoms, where at least one hetero-atom is selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, a silicon atom, a phosphorus atom, a germanium atom, and a boron atom. A hetero-aromatic group is also referred to as heteroaryl. Heteroaryl may be those having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably those having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably those having 3 to 12 carbon atoms. Suitable heteroaryl groups include dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzoselenophene, carbazole, indolocarbazole, pyridoindole, pyrrolodipyridine, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, oxazole, thiazole, oxadiazole, oxatriazole, dioxazole, thiadiazole, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, oxazine, oxathiazine, oxadiazine, indole, benzimidazole, indazole, indoxazine, benzoxazole, benzisoxazole, benzothiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, cinnoline, quinazoline, quinoxaline, naphthyridine, phthalazine, pteridine, xanthene, acridine, phenazine, phenothiazine, benzofuropyridine, furodipyridine, benzothienopyridine, thienodipyridine, benzoselenophenopyridine, and selenophenodipyridine, preferably dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, carbazole, indolocarbazole, imidazole, pyridine, triazine, benzimidazole, 1,2-azaborine, 1,3-azaborine, 1,4-azaborine, borazine, and aza-analogs thereof. Additionally, the heteroaryl group may be optionally substituted.

[0054] Alkoxy—as used herein, is represented by —O-alkyl, —O-cycloalkyl, —O-heteroalkyl, or —O-heterocyclic group. Examples and preferred examples of alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, and heterocyclic groups are the same as those described above. Alkoxy groups may be those having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably those having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, cyclopropyloxy, cyclobutyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, tetrahydrofuranyloxy, tetrahydropyranyloxy, methoxypropyloxy, ethoxyethyloxy, methoxymethyloxy, and ethoxymethyloxy. Additionally, the alkoxy group may be optionally substituted.

[0055] Aryloxy—as used herein, is represented by —O-aryl or —O-heteroaryl. Examples and preferred examples of aryl and heteroaryl are the same as those described above. Aryloxy groups may be those having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably those having 6 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of aryloxy groups include phenoxy and biphenyloxy. Additionally, the aryloxy group may be optionally substituted.

[0056] Alkylthio—as used herein, is represented by —S-alkyl, —S-cycloalkyl, —S-heteroalkyl or —S-heterocyclic group. Examples and preferred examples of alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl and heterocyclic groups are the same as those described above. Alkylthio groups may be those having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably those having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of alkylthio groups include methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, butylthio, pentylthio, hexylthio, cyclopropylthio, cyclobutylthio, cyclopentylthio, cyclohexylthio, tetrahydrofurylthio, tetrahydropyranylthio, methylthiopropylthio, ethylthioethylthio, methylthiomethylthio and ethylthiomethylthio. Additionally, the alkylthio group may be optionally substituted.

[0057] Arylthio—as used herein, is represented by —S-aryl or —S-heteroaryl. Examples and preferred examples of aryl and heteroaryl are the same as those described above. Arylthio groups may be those having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably those having 6 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of arylthio groups include phenylthio, biphenylthio and naphthylthio. Additionally, the arylthio group may be optionally substituted.

[0058] Arylalkyl—as used herein, contemplates alkyl substituted with an aryl group. Arylalkyl may be those having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably those having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably those having 7 to 13 carbon atoms. Examples of arylalkyl groups include benzyl, 1-phenylethyl, 2-phenylethyl, 1-phenylisopropyl, 2-phenylisopropyl, phenyl-t-butyl, alpha-naphthylmethyl, 1-alpha-naphthylethyl, 2-alpha-naphthylethyl, 1-alpha-naphthylisopropyl, 2-alpha-naphthylisopropyl, beta-naphthylmethyl, 1-beta-naphthylethyl, 2-beta-naphthylethyl, 1-beta-naphthylisopropyl, 2-beta-naphthylisopropyl, p-methylbenzyl, m-methylbenzyl, o-methylbenzyl, p-chlorobenzyl, m-chlorobenzyl, o-chlorobenzyl, p-bromobenzyl, m-bromobenzyl, o-bromobenzyl, p-iodobenzyl, m-iodobenzyl, o-iodobenzyl, p-hydroxybenzyl, m-hydroxybenzyl, o-hydroxybenzyl, p-aminobenzyl, m-aminobenzyl, o-aminobenzyl, p-nitrobenzyl, m-nitrobenzyl, o-nitrobenzyl, p-cyanobenzyl, m-cyanobenzyl, o-cyanobenzyl, 1-hydroxy-2-phenylisopropyl, and 1-chloro-2-phenylisopropyl. Of the above, preferred are benzyl, p-cyanobenzyl, m-cyanobenzyl, o-cyanobenzyl, 1-phenylethyl, 2-phenylethyl, 1-phenylisopropyl, and 2-phenylisopropyl. Additionally, the arylalkyl group may be optionally substituted.

[0059] Alkylsilyl—as used herein, contemplates a silyl group substituted with an alkyl group. Alkylsilyl groups may be those having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably those having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of alkylsilyl groups include trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, methyldiethylsilyl, ethyldimethylsilyl, tripropylsilyl, tributylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, methyldiisopropylsilyl, dimethylisopropylsilyl, tri-t-butylsilyl, triisobutylsilyl, dimethyl t-butylsilyl, and methyldi-t-butylsilyl. Additionally, the alkylsilyl group may be optionally substituted.

[0060] Arylsilyl—as used herein, contemplates a silyl group substituted with an aryl group. Arylsilyl groups may be those having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably those having 8 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of arylsilyl groups include triphenylsilyl, phenyldibiphenylylsilyl, diphenylbiphenylsilyl, phenyldiethylsilyl, diphenylethylsilyl, phenyldimethylsilyl, diphenylmethylsilyl, phenyldiisopropylsilyl, diphenylisopropylsilyl, diphenylbutylsilyl, diphenylisobutylsilyl, diphenyl t-butylsilyl. Additionally, the arylsilyl group may be optionally substituted.

[0061] Alkylgermanyl—as used herein contemplates germanyl substituted with an alkyl group. The alkylgermanyl may be those having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably those having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of alkylgermanyl include trimethylgermanyl, triethylgermanyl, methyldiethylgermanyl, ethyldimethylgermanyl, tripropylgermanyl, tributylgermanyl, triisopropylgermanyl, methyldiisopropylgermanyl, dimethylisopropylgermanyl, tri-t-butylgermanyl, triisobutylgermanyl, dimethyl-t-butylgermanyl, and methyldi-t-butylgermanyl. Additionally, the alkylgermanyl may be optionally substituted.

[0062] Arylgermanyl—as used herein contemplates germanyl substituted with at least one aryl group or heteroaryl group. Arylgermanyl may be those having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably those having 8 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of arylgermanyl include triphenylgermanyl, phenyldibiphenylylgermanyl, diphenylbiphenylgermanyl, phenyldiethylgermanyl, diphenylethylgermanyl, phenyldimethylgermanyl, diphenylmethylgermanyl, phenyldiisopropylgermanyl, diphenylisopropylgermanyl, diphenylbutylgermanyl, diphenylisobutylgermanyl, and diphenyl-t-butylgermanyl. Additionally, the arylgermanyl may be optionally substituted.

[0063] The term “aza” in azadibenzofuran, azadibenzothiophene, etc. means that one or more of C—H groups in the respective aromatic fragment are replaced by a nitrogen atom. For example, azatriphenylene encompasses dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline, dibenzo[f,h]quinoline and other analogs with two or more nitrogens in the ring system. One of ordinary skill in the art can readily envision other nitrogen analogs of the aza-derivatives described above, and all such analogs are intended to be encompassed by the terms as set forth herein.

[0064] In the present disclosure, unless otherwise defined, when any term of the group consisting of substituted alkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, substituted heterocyclic group, substituted arylalkyl, substituted alkoxy, substituted aryloxy, substituted alkenyl, substituted alkynyl, substituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, substituted alkylsilyl, substituted arylsilyl, substituted alkylgermanyl, substituted arylgermanyl, substituted amino, substituted acyl, substituted carbonyl, a substituted carboxylic acid group, a substituted ester group, substituted sulfinyl, substituted sulfonyl, and substituted phosphino is used, it means that any group of alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclic group, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylsilyl, arylsilyl, amino, acyl, carbonyl, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and phosphino may be substituted with one or more moieties selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, unsubstituted arylsilyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group, and combinations thereof.

[0065] It is to be understood that when a molecular fragment is described as being a substituent or otherwise attached to another moiety, its name may be written as if it were a fragment (e.g. phenyl, phenylene, naphthyl, dibenzofuryl) or as if it were the whole molecule (e.g. benzene, naphthalene, dibenzofuran). As used herein, these different ways of designating a substituent or an attached fragment are considered to be equivalent.

[0066] In the compounds mentioned in the present disclosure, hydrogen atoms may be partially or fully replaced by deuterium. Other atoms such as carbon and nitrogen may also be replaced by their other stable isotopes. The replacement by other stable isotopes in the compounds may be preferred due to its enhancements of device efficiency and stability.

[0067] In the compounds mentioned in the present disclosure, multiple substitution refers to a range that includes a di-substitution, up to the maximum available substitution. When substitution in the compounds mentioned in the present disclosure represents multiple substitution (including di-, tri-, and tetra-substitutions etc.), that means the substituent may exist at a plurality of available substitution positions on its linking structure, the substituents present at a plurality of available substitution positions may have the same structure or different structures.

[0068] In the compounds mentioned in the present disclosure, adjacent substituents in the compounds cannot be joined to form a ring unless otherwise explicitly defined, for example, adjacent substituents can be optionally joined to form a ring. In the compounds mentioned in the present disclosure, the expression that adjacent substituents can be optionally joined to form a ring includes a case where adjacent substituents may be joined to form a ring and a case where adjacent substituents are not joined to form a ring. When adjacent substituents can be optionally joined to form a ring, the ring formed may be monocyclic or polycyclic (including spirocyclic, endocyclic, fusedcyclic, and etc.), as well as alicyclic, heteroalicyclic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic. In such expression, adjacent substituents may refer to substituents bonded to the same atom, substituents bonded to carbon atoms which are directly bonded to each other, or substituents bonded to carbon atoms which are more distant from each other. Preferably, adjacent substituents refer to substituents bonded to the same carbon atom and substituents bonded to carbon atoms which are directly bonded to each other.

[0069] The expression that adjacent substituents can be optionally joined to form a ring is also intended to mean that two substituents bonded to the same carbon atom are joined to each other via a chemical bond to form a ring, which can be exemplified by the following formula:

##STR00006##

[0070] The expression that adjacent substituents can be optionally joined to form a ring is also intended to mean that two substituents bonded to carbon atoms which are directly bonded to each other are joined to each other via a chemical bond to form a ring, which can be exemplified by the following formula:

##STR00007##

[0071] The expression that adjacent substituents can be optionally joined to form a ring is also intended to mean that two substituents bonded to a further distant carbon atom are joined to each other via a chemical bond to form a ring, which can be exemplified by the following formula:

##STR00008##

[0072] Furthermore, the expression that adjacent substituents can be optionally joined to form a ring is also intended to mean that, in the case where one of the two substituents bonded to carbon atoms which are directly bonded to each other represents hydrogen, the second substituent is bonded at a position at which the hydrogen atom is bonded, thereby forming a ring. This is exemplified by the following formula:

##STR00009##

[0073] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, disclosed is a metal complex comprising a metal M and a ligand L.sub.a coordinated to the metal M, wherein the metal M is selected from a metal with a relative atomic mass greater than 40, and the ligand L.sub.a has a structure represented by Formula 1:

##STR00010##

[0074] wherein in Formula 1,

[0075] Cy is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring having 6 to 24 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring having 5 to 24 ring atoms or a combination thereof;

[0076] X is selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, NR′, CR′R′, SiR′R′ and GeR′R′, wherein when two R′ are present at the same time, the two R′ are the same or different;

[0077] X.sub.1 to X.sub.4 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from C, CR.sub.x or N, and at least one of X.sub.1 to X.sub.4 is C and joined to the Cy;

[0078] X.sub.5 to X.sub.7 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from CR.sub.x or N;

[0079] X.sub.8 is selected from C;

[0080] X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 or X.sub.4 is joined to the metal M by a metal-carbon bond or a metal-nitrogen bond;

[0081] R′ is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof;

[0082] R.sub.x is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof;

[0083] R.sub.w is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: substituted or unsubstituted alkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkylene having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyleneoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryleneoxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfanylidene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsulfanylidene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenylene having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynylene having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilylene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilylene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanylidene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanylidene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms and combinations thereof; and

[0084] adjacent substituents R′, R.sub.w, R.sub.x can be optionally joined to form a ring.

[0085] In the present disclosure, the expression that “adjacent substituents R′, R.sub.w, R.sub.x can be optionally joined to form a ring” is intended to mean that any one or more of groups of adjacent substituents, such as two substituents R′, two substituents R.sub.x, substituents R′ and R.sub.x and substituents R.sub.w and R.sub.x, can be joined to form a ring. Obviously, it is possible that none of these substituents are joined to form a ring.

[0086] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, Cy is any structure selected from the group consisting of:

##STR00011##

[0087] wherein

[0088] R represents, at each occurrence identically or differently, mono-substitution, multiple substitutions or non-substitution; and when multiple R are present at the same time in any structure, the multiple R are the same or different;

[0089] R is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof;

[0090] two adjacent substituents R can be optionally joined to form a ring; and

[0091] wherein “#” represents a position where Cy is joined to the metal M, and

##STR00012##

represents a position where Cy is joined to X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 or X.sub.4.

[0092] In the present disclosure, the expression that “two adjacent substituents R can be optionally joined to form a ring” is intended to mean that any one or more of groups of any two adjacent substituents R can be joined to form a ring. Obviously, it is possible that none of these substituents are joined to form a ring.

[0093] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, L.sub.a is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of:

##STR00013## ##STR00014## ##STR00015## ##STR00016##

[0094] wherein

[0095] X is selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, NR′, CR′R′, SiR′R′ and GeR′R′; wherein when two R′ are present at the same time, the two R′ are the same or different;

[0096] R and R.sub.x represent, at each occurrence identically or differently, mono-substitution, multiple substitutions or non-substitution;

[0097] R and R′ are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof;

[0098] R.sub.x is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof;

[0099] R.sub.w is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: substituted or unsubstituted alkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkylene having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyleneoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryleneoxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfanylidene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsulfanylidene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenylene having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynylene having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilylene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilylene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanylidene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanylidene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms and combinations thereof; and

[0100] adjacent substituents R, R′, R.sub.w and R.sub.x can be optionally joined to form a ring.

[0101] In the present disclosure, the expression that “adjacent substituents R, R′, R.sub.w and R.sub.x can be optionally joined to form a ring” is intended to mean that any one or more of groups of adjacent substituents, such as two substituents R, two substituents R′, two substituents R.sub.x, substituents R′ and R.sub.x and substituents R.sub.w and R.sub.x, can be joined to form a ring. Obviously, it is possible that none of these substituents are joined to form a ring.

[0102] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the metal complex has a general formula of M(L.sub.a).sub.m(L.sub.b).sub.n(L.sub.c).sub.q;

[0103] wherein

[0104] M is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ag, Au, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt;

[0105] L.sub.a, L.sub.b and L.sub.c are a first ligand, a second ligand and a third ligand coordinated to the metal M, respectively, and L.sub.c is the same as or different from L.sub.a or L.sub.b; wherein L.sub.a, L.sub.b and L.sub.c can be optionally joined to form a multidentate ligand; for example, any two of L.sub.a, L.sub.b and L.sub.c may be joined to form a tetradentate ligand; in another example, L.sub.a, L.sub.b and L.sub.c may be joined to each other to form a hexadentate ligand; in another example, none of L.sub.a, L.sub.b and L.sub.c are joined so that no multidentate ligand is formed;

[0106] m is selected from 1, 2 or 3, n is selected from 0, 1 or 2, q is selected from 0, 1 or 2, and m+n+q equals an oxidation state of the metal M; wherein when m is greater than or equal to 2, multiple L.sub.a are the same or different; when n is equal to 2, two L.sub.b are the same or different; when q is equal to 2, two L.sub.c are the same or different;

[0107] L.sub.b and L.sub.c are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from a structure represented by any one of the group consisting of:

##STR00017##

[0108] wherein

[0109] R.sub.a and R.sub.b represent, at each occurrence identically or differently, mono-substitution, multiple substitutions or non-substitution;

[0110] X.sub.b is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, NR.sub.N1 and CR.sub.C1R.sub.C2;

[0111] R.sub.a, R.sub.b, R.sub.c, R.sub.N1, R.sub.C1 and R.sub.C2 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof; and

[0112] adjacent substituents R.sub.a, R.sub.b, R.sub.c, R.sub.N1, R.sub.C1 and R.sub.C2 can be optionally joined to form a ring.

[0113] In the present disclosure, the expression that “adjacent substituents R.sub.a, R.sub.b, R.sub.c, R.sub.N1, R.sub.C1 and R.sub.C2 can be optionally joined to form a ring” is intended to mean that any one or more of groups of adjacent substituents, such as two substituents R.sub.a, two substituents R.sub.b, substituents R.sub.a and R.sub.b, substituents R.sub.a and R.sub.e, substituents R.sub.b and R.sub.e, substituents R.sub.a and R.sub.N1, substituents R.sub.b and R.sub.N1, substituents R.sub.a and R.sub.C1, substituents R.sub.a and R.sub.C2, substituents R.sub.b and R.sub.C1, substituents R.sub.b and R.sub.C2 and substituents R.sub.C1 and R.sub.C2, can be joined to form a ring. Obviously, it is possible that none of these substituents are joined to form a ring.

[0114] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, the metal M is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ag, Au, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt.

[0115] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, the metal M is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from Pt or Ir.

[0116] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, the metal complex Ir(L.sub.a).sub.m(L.sub.b).sub.3-m has a structure represented by Formula 3:

##STR00018##

[0117] wherein

[0118] X is selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, NR′, CR′R′, SiR′R′ and GeR′R′, wherein when two R′ are present at the same time, the two R′ are the same or different;

[0119] m is selected from 1, 2 or 3; when m is selected from 1, two L.sub.b are the same or different; when m is selected from 2 or 3, multiple L.sub.a are the same or different;

[0120] Y.sub.1 to Y.sub.4 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from CR.sub.y or N;

[0121] X.sub.3 to X.sub.7 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from CR.sub.x or N;

[0122] X.sub.8 is selected from C;

[0123] R′, R.sub.y and R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof;

[0124] R.sub.x is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof;

[0125] R.sub.w is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: substituted or unsubstituted alkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkylene having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyleneoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryleneoxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfanylidene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsulfanylidene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenylene having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynylene having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilylene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilylene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanylidene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanylidene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms and combinations thereof;

[0126] adjacent substituents R′, R.sub.w, R.sub.x and R.sub.y can be optionally joined to form a ring; and

[0127] adjacent substituents R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 can be optionally joined to form a ring.

[0128] In the present disclosure, the expression that “adjacent substituents R′, R.sub.w, R.sub.x and R.sub.y can be optionally joined to form a ring” is intended to mean that any one or at least two of groups of adjacent substituents, such as two substituents R′, two substituents R.sub.x, two substituents R.sub.y and substituents R.sub.w and R.sub.x, can be joined to form a ring. Obviously, it is possible that none of these substituents are joined to form a ring.

[0129] In the present disclosure, the expression that “adjacent substituents R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 can be optionally joined to form a ring” is intended to mean that any one or at least two of groups of adjacent substituents, such as adjacent substituents R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, adjacent substituents R.sub.3 and R.sub.2, adjacent substituents R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, adjacent substituents R.sub.5 and R.sub.4, adjacent substituents R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, adjacent substituents R.sub.7 and R.sub.6 and adjacent substituents R.sub.7 and R.sub.8, can be joined to form a ring. Obviously, it is possible that none of these substituents are joined to form a ring.

[0130] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, the metal complex Ir(L.sub.a).sub.m(L.sub.b).sub.3-m has a structure represented by Formula 3A:

##STR00019##

[0131] wherein

[0132] m is selected from 1, 2 or 3; when m is selected from 1, two L.sub.b are the same or different; when m is selected from 2 or 3, multiple L.sub.a are the same or different;

[0133] X is selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, NR′, CR′R′, SiR′R′ and GeR′R′, wherein when two R′ are present at the same time, the two R′ are the same or different;

[0134] R.sub.x and R.sub.y represent, at each occurrence identically or differently, mono-substitution, multiple substitutions or non-substitution;

[0135] R′, R.sub.y and R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof;

[0136] R.sub.x is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof;

[0137] R.sub.w is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: substituted or unsubstituted alkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkylene having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyleneoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryleneoxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfanylidene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsulfanylidene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenylene having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynylene having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilylene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilylene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanylidene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanylidene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms and combinations thereof;

[0138] adjacent substituents R′, R.sub.w, R.sub.x and R.sub.y can be optionally joined to form a ring; and

[0139] adjacent substituents R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 can be optionally joined to form a ring.

[0140] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, X is selected from O or S.

[0141] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, X is O.

[0142] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, X.sub.1 to X.sub.7 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from C or CR.sub.x.

[0143] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, at least one of X.sub.1 to X.sub.7 is N, for example, one of X.sub.1 to X.sub.7 is N or two of X.sub.1 to X.sub.7 are N.

[0144] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in Formula 3, X.sub.3 to X.sub.7 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from CR.sub.x.

[0145] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in Formula 3, at least one of X.sub.3 to X.sub.7 is N, for example, one of X.sub.3 to X.sub.7 is N or two of X.sub.3 to X.sub.7 are N.

[0146] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, Y.sub.1 to Y.sub.4 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from CR.sub.y.

[0147] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, at least one of Y.sub.1 to Y.sub.4 is N, for example, one of Y.sub.1 to Y.sub.4 is N or two of Y.sub.1 to Y.sub.4 are N.

[0148] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, at least one of X.sub.3 to X.sub.7 is selected from CR.sub.x, and the R.sub.x is cyano.

[0149] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, at least one of X.sub.5 to X.sub.7 is selected from CR.sub.x, and the R.sub.x is cyano.

[0150] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, X.sub.7 is CR.sub.x, and the R.sub.x is cyano.

[0151] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, R.sub.x is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cyano and combinations thereof.

[0152] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, R.sub.x is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, cyano and combinations thereof.

[0153] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, R.sub.x is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms, cyano and combinations thereof.

[0154] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, at least one R.sub.x is selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, cyano and combinations thereof.

[0155] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, at least one R.sub.x is selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, cyano and combinations thereof.

[0156] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, R.sub.w is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: substituted or unsubstituted alkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkylene having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 3 to 30 carbon atoms and combinations thereof.

[0157] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, R.sub.w is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 3 to 30 carbon atoms and combinations thereof.

[0158] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, R.sub.w is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from arylene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0159] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, R.sub.w is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 3 to 12 carbon atoms.

[0160] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, R.sub.w is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene, phenylene, pyridylene, pyrimidinylene, triazinylene, naphthylene, phenanthrylene, anthrylene, fluorenylidene, silafluorenylidene, quinolylene, isoquinolylene, dithiophenylene, difurylene, benzofurylene, benzothienylene, dibenzofurylene, dibenzothienylene, triphenylenylene, carbazolylene, azacarbazolylene, azafluorenylidene, azasilafluorenylidene, azadibenzofurylene, azadibenzothienylene and combinations thereof; optionally, hydrogens in the above groups are partially or fully deuterated.

[0161] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, R.sub.w is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of A-1 to A-194, wherein the specific structures of A-1 to A-194 are referred to claim 10.

[0162] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, hydrogens in A-1 to A-194 can be partially or fully deuterated, and the specific structures of A-1 to A-194 are referred to claim 10.

[0163] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, in Formula 3 and Formula 3A, R.sub.y is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms and combinations thereof.

[0164] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, in Formula 3 and Formula 3A, R.sub.y is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, fluorine, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 11 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, cyano and combinations thereof.

[0165] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, in Formula 3, R.sub.y is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, fluorine, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.

[0166] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, in Formula 3 and Formula 3A, R.sub.y is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, deuterated methyl, deuterated ethyl, deuterated propyl, deuterated isopropyl, deuterated n-butyl, deuterated isobutyl, deuterated t-butyl, deuterated cyclopentyl, deuterated cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl, trimethylsilyl and combinations thereof.

[0167] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, in Formula 3 and Formula 3A, at least one R.sub.y is selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms and combinations thereof.

[0168] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, in Formula 3 and Formula 3A, at least one or at least two of R.sub.5 to R.sub.8 are selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms or a combination thereof, and the total number of carbon atoms in all of R.sub.5 to R.sub.8 is at least 4.

[0169] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, in Formula 3 and Formula 3A, at least one or at least two of R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms or a combination thereof, and the total number of carbon atoms in both of R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 is at least 4.

[0170] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, in Formula 3 and Formula 3A, R.sub.7 is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof.

[0171] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, in Formula 3 and Formula 3A, R.sub.7 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 4 to 20 ring carbon atoms or a combination thereof.

[0172] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, in Formula 3 and Formula 3A, at least one, at least two, at least three or all of R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms and combinations thereof.

[0173] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, in Formula 3 and Formula 3A, at least one, at least two, at least three or all of R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms and combinations thereof.

[0174] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, in Formula 3 and Formula 3A, at least one, at least two, at least three or all of R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, neopentyl, t-pentyl and combinations thereof.

[0175] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, R′ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms.

[0176] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, R′ is selected from methyl or deuterated methyl.

[0177] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, L.sub.a is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of L.sub.a1 to L.sub.a770, wherein the specific structures of L.sub.a1 to L.sub.a770 are referred to claim 14.

[0178] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, hydrogens in the structures of L.sub.a1 to L.sub.a770 can be partially or fully deuterated, wherein the specific structures of L.sub.a1 to L.sub.a770 are referred to claim 14.

[0179] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, L.sub.b is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of L.sub.b1 to L.sub.b329, wherein the specific structures of L.sub.b1 to L.sub.b329 are referred to claim 15.

[0180] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, hydrogens in the structures of L.sub.b1 to L.sub.b329 can be partially or fully deuterated, wherein the specific structures of L.sub.b1 to L.sub.b329 are referred to claim 15.

[0181] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, L.sub.c is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of L.sub.c1 to L.sub.c360, wherein the specific structures of L.sub.c1 to L.sub.c360 are referred to claim 16.

[0182] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, the metal complex has a structure of Ir(L.sub.a).sub.2(L.sub.b), wherein L.sub.a is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from any one or any two of the group consisting of L.sub.a1 to L.sub.a770 and L.sub.b is selected from any one of the group consisting of L.sub.b1 to L.sub.b329, wherein the specific structures of L.sub.a1 to L.sub.a770 are referred to claim 14 and the specific structures of L.sub.b1 to L.sub.b329 are referred to claim 15.

[0183] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, the metal complex has a structure of Ir(L.sub.a)(L.sub.b).sub.2, wherein L.sub.a is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from any one of the group consisting of L.sub.a1 to L.sub.a770 and L.sub.b is selected from any one or any two of the group consisting of L.sub.b1 to L.sub.b329, wherein the specific structures of L.sub.a1 to L.sub.a770 are referred to claim 14 and the specific structures of L.sub.b1 to L.sub.b329 are referred to claim 15.

[0184] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, the metal complex has a structure of Ir(L.sub.a).sub.3, wherein L.sub.a is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from any one or any two or any three of the group consisting of L.sub.a1 to L.sub.a770, wherein the specific structures of L.sub.a1 to L.sub.a770 are referred to claim 14.

[0185] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, the metal complex has a structure of Ir(L.sub.a).sub.2(L.sub.c), wherein L.sub.a is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from any one or any two of the group consisting of L.sub.a1 to L.sub.a770 and L.sub.c is selected from any one of the group consisting of L.sub.c1 to L.sub.c360, wherein the specific structures of L.sub.a1 to L.sub.a770 are referred to claim 14 and the specific structures of L.sub.c1 to L.sub.c360 are referred to claim 16.

[0186] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, the metal complex has a structure of Ir(L.sub.a)(L.sub.c).sub.2, wherein L.sub.a is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from any one of the group consisting of L.sub.a1 to L.sub.a770 and L.sub.c is selected from any one or any two of the group consisting of L.sub.c1 to L.sub.c360, wherein the specific structures of L.sub.a1 to L.sub.a770 are referred to claim 14 and the specific structures of L.sub.c1 to L.sub.c360 are referred to claim 16.

[0187] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, the metal complex has a structure of Ir(L.sub.a)(L.sub.b)(L.sub.c), wherein L.sub.a is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from any one of the group consisting of L.sub.a1 to L.sub.a770, L.sub.b is selected from any one of the group consisting of L.sub.b1 to L.sub.b329, and L.sub.c is selected from any one of the group consisting of L.sub.c1 to L.sub.c360, wherein the specific structures of L.sub.a1 to L.sub.a770 are referred to claim 14, the specific structures of L.sub.b1 to L.sub.b329 are referred to claim 15, and the specific structures of L.sub.c1 to L.sub.c360 are referred to claim 16.

[0188] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, the metal complex is selected from the group consisting of Metal Complex 1 to Metal Complex 1578, wherein the specific structures of Metal Complex 1 to Metal Complex 1578 are referred to claim 17.

[0189] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, hydrogens in the structures of Metal Complex 1 to Metal Complex 1578 can be partially or fully deuterated, wherein the specific structures of Metal Complex 1 to Metal Complex 1578 are referred to claim 17.

[0190] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, disclosed is an electroluminescent device. The electroluminescent device comprises:

[0191] an anode,

[0192] a cathode, and

[0193] an organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the organic layer comprises the metal complex in any one of the preceding embodiments.

[0194] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the electroluminescent device, the organic layer comprising the metal complex is a light-emitting layer.

[0195] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the electroluminescent device emits green light.

[0196] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the electroluminescent device emits white light.

[0197] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the electroluminescent device, the light-emitting layer comprises a first host compound.

[0198] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the electroluminescent device, the light-emitting layer comprises a first host compound and a second host compound.

[0199] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the electroluminescent device, the first host compound and/or the second host compound comprise at least one chemical group selected from the group consisting of: benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, triazine, carbazole, azacarbazole, indolocarbazole, dibenzothiophene, aza-dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, azadibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, triphenylene, azatriphenylene, fluorene, silafluorene, naphthalene, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline, quinoxaline, phenanthrene, azaphenanthrene and combinations thereof.

[0200] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, the first host compound has a structure represented by Formula 4:

##STR00020##

[0201] wherein

[0202] E.sub.1 to E.sub.6 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from C, CR.sub.e or N, at least two of E.sub.1 to E.sub.6 are N, and at least one of E.sub.1 to E.sub.6 is C and joined to Formula A;

##STR00021##

[0203] wherein

[0204] Q is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, N, NR′″, CR′″R′″, SiR′″R′″, GeR′″R′″ and R′″C═CR′″; when two R′″ are present at the same time, the two R′″ may be the same or different;

[0205] p is 0 or 1; r is 0 or 1;

[0206] when Q is selected from N, p is 0 and r is 1;

[0207] when Q is selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, NR′″, CR′″R′″, SiR′″R′″, GeR′″R′″ and R′″C═CR′″, p is 1 and r is 0;

[0208] L is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted alkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms or a combination thereof;

[0209] Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.8 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from C, CR.sub.q or N;

[0210] R.sub.e, R′″ and R.sub.q are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof;

[0211] “*” represents a position where Formula A is joined to Formula 4; and

[0212] adjacent substituents R.sub.e, R′″, R.sub.q can be optionally joined to form a ring.

[0213] In the present disclosure, the expression that “adjacent substituents R.sub.e, R′″, R.sub.q can be optionally joined to form a ring” is intended to mean that any one or at least two of groups of adjacent substituents, such as two substituents R.sub.e, two substituents R′″, two substituents R.sub.q and substituents R′″ and R.sub.q, can be joined to form a ring. Obviously, it is possible that none of these substituents are joined to form a ring.

[0214] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, Q is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from O, S, N or NR′″.

[0215] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, E.sub.1 to E.sub.6 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from C, CR.sub.e or N, three of E.sub.1 to E.sub.6 are N, at least one of E.sub.1 to E.sub.6 is CR.sub.e, and R.sub.e is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms and combinations thereof.

[0216] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, E.sub.1 to E.sub.6 are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from C, CR.sub.e or N, three of E.sub.1 to E.sub.6 are N, at least one of E.sub.1 to E.sub.6 is CR.sub.e, and R.sub.e is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl, substituted or unsubstituted triphenylene, substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuryl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothienyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl or a combination thereof.

[0217] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein R.sub.e is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms and combinations thereof.

[0218] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein R.sub.e is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl, substituted or unsubstituted triphenylene, substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuryl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothienyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl or a combination thereof.

[0219] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, at least one or at least two of Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.8 are selected from CR.sub.q, and R.sub.q is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 5 to 30 carbon atoms or a combination thereof.

[0220] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, at least one or at least two of Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.8 are selected from CR.sub.q, and R.sub.q is selected from substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl or a combination thereof.

[0221] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein R′″ is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms and combinations thereof.

[0222] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein R′″ is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl, substituted or unsubstituted triphenylene, substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuryl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothienyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl or a combination thereof.

[0223] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein L is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms or a combination thereof.

[0224] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein L is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted phenylene, substituted or unsubstituted biphenylene, substituted or unsubstituted carbazolylene, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofurylene, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothienylene or substituted or unsubstituted fluorenylidene.

[0225] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, L is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted phenylene or substituted or unsubstituted biphenylene.

[0226] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first host compound is selected from the group consisting of H-1 to H-243, wherein the specific structures of H-1 to H-243 are referred to claim 23.

[0227] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the electroluminescent device, the second host compound has a structure represented by Formula 5:

##STR00022##

[0228] wherein

[0229] L.sub.x is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted alkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms or a combination thereof;

[0230] V is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from C, CR.sub.v or N, and at least one of V is C and joined to L.sub.x;

[0231] U is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from C, CR.sub.u or N, and at least one of U is C and joined to L.sub.x;

[0232] R.sub.v and R.sub.u are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof;

[0233] Ar.sub.6 is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms or a combination thereof; and

[0234] adjacent substituents R.sub.v and R.sub.u can be optionally joined to form a ring.

[0235] In this embodiment, the expression that “adjacent substituents R.sub.v and R.sub.u can be optionally joined to form a ring” is intended to mean that any one or more of groups of adjacent substituents, such as two substituents R.sub.v, two substituents R.sub.u, and substituents R.sub.v and R.sub.u, can be joined to form a ring. Obviously, it is possible that none of these substituents are joined to form a ring.

[0236] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the electroluminescent device, the second host compound has a structure represented by one of Formula 5-a to Formula 5-j:

##STR00023## ##STR00024##

wherein

[0237] L.sub.x is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted alkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms or a combination thereof;

[0238] V is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from CR.sub.v or N;

[0239] U is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from CR.sub.u or N;

[0240] R.sub.v and R.sub.u are, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 20 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkylgermanyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylgermanyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group and combinations thereof;

[0241] Ar.sub.6 is, at each occurrence identically or differently, selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms or a combination thereof; and

[0242] adjacent substituents R.sub.v and R.sub.u can be optionally joined to form a ring.

[0243] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second host compound is selected from the group consisting of X-1 to X-150, wherein the specific structures of X-1 to X-150 are referred to claim 25.

[0244] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the electroluminescent device, the metal complex is doped in the first host compound and the second host compound, and the weight of the metal complex accounts for 1% to 30% of the total weight of the light-emitting layer.

[0245] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the electroluminescent device, the metal complex is doped in the first host compound and the second host compound, and the weight of the metal complex accounts for 3% to 13% of the total weight of the light-emitting layer.

[0246] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, disclosed is a compound combination comprising the metal complex in any one of the preceding embodiments.

[0247] Combination with Other Materials

[0248] The materials described in the present disclosure for a particular layer in an organic light emitting device can be used in combination with various other materials present in the device. The combinations of these materials are described in more detail in U.S. Pat. App. No. 20160359122 at paragraphs 0132-0161, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The materials described or referred to the disclosure are non-limiting examples of materials that may be useful in combination with the compounds disclosed herein, and one of skill in the art can readily consult the literature to identify other materials that may be useful in combination.

[0249] The materials described herein as useful for a particular layer in an organic light emitting device may be used in combination with a variety of other materials present in the device. For example, dopants disclosed herein may be used in combination with a wide variety of hosts, transport layers, blocking layers, injection layers, electrodes and other layers that may be present. The combination of these materials is described in detail in paragraphs 0080-0101 of U.S. Pat. App. No. 20150349273, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The materials described or referred to the disclosure are non-limiting examples of materials that may be useful in combination with the compounds disclosed herein, and one of skill in the art can readily consult the literature to identify other materials that may be useful in combination.

[0250] In the embodiments of material synthesis, all reactions were performed under nitrogen protection unless otherwise stated. All reaction solvents were anhydrous and used as received from commercial sources. Synthetic products were structurally confirmed and tested for properties using one or more conventional equipment in the art (including, but not limited to, nuclear magnetic resonance instrument produced by BRUKER, liquid chromatograph produced by SHIMADZU, liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry produced by SHIMADZU, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry produced by SHIMADZU, differential Scanning calorimeters produced by SHIMADZU, fluorescence spectrophotometer produced by SHANGHAI LENGGUANG TECH., electrochemical workstation produced by WUHAN CORRTEST, and sublimation apparatus produced by ANHUI BEQ, etc.) by methods well known to the persons skilled in the art. In the embodiments of the device, the characteristics of the device were also tested using conventional equipment in the art (including, but not limited to, evaporator produced by ANGSTROM ENGINEERING, optical testing system produced by SUZHOU FATAR, life testing system produced by SUZHOU FATAR, and ellipsometer produced by BEIJING ELLITOP, etc.) by methods well known to the persons skilled in the art. As the persons skilled in the art are aware of the above-mentioned equipment use, test methods and other related contents, the inherent data of the sample can be obtained with certainty and without influence, so the above related contents are not further described in this patent.

MATERIAL SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE

[0251] The method for preparing a compound in the present disclosure is not limited herein. Typically, the following compounds are used as examples without limitations, and synthesis routes and preparation methods thereof are described below.

Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Metal Complex 493

[0252] Step 1:

##STR00025##

[0253] 5-Methyl-2-phenylpyridine (10.0 g, 59.2 mmol), iridium trichloride trihydrate (5.0 g, 14.2 mmol), 300 mL of 2-ethoxyethanol and 100 mL of water were sequentially added to a dry 500 mL round-bottom flask, purged with nitrogen three times, and heated and stirred for 24 h at 130° C. under nitrogen protection. The solution was cooled, filtered, washed three times with methanol and n-hexane respectively, and pumped to dryness to obtain 7.5 g of Intermediate 1 as a yellow solid (with a yield of 97%).

[0254] Step 2:

##STR00026##

[0255] Intermediate 1 (7.5 g, 6.8 mmol), 250 mL of anhydrous dichloromethane, 10 mL of methanol and silver trifluoromethanesulfonate (3.8 g, 14.8 mmol) were sequentially added to a dry 500 mL round-bottom flask, purged with nitrogen three times, and stirred overnight at room temperature under nitrogen protection. The solution was filtered through Celite and washed twice with dichloromethane. The organic phases below were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 9.2 g of Intermediate 2 (with a yield of 93%).

[0256] Step 3:

##STR00027##

[0257] Intermediate 3 (3.0 g, 8.6 mmol), Intermediate 2 (3.7 g, 5.8 mmol), 50 mL of 2-ethoxyethanol and 50 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide were sequentially added to a dry 250 mL round-bottom flask, purged with nitrogen three times, and heated at 100° C. for 96 h under nitrogen protection. The reaction was cooled, filtered through Celite, and washed twice with methanol and n-hexane respectively. Yellow solids on the Celite were dissolved in dichloromethane. The organic phases were collected, concentrated under reduced pressure, and purified through column chromatography to obtain Metal Complex 493 as a yellow solid (2.20 g with a yield of 43.4%). The product was confirmed as the target product with a molecular weight of 874.2.

Synthesis Example 2: Synthesis of Metal Complex 735

[0258] Step 1:

##STR00028##

[0259] Intermediate 4 (1.5 g, 4.0 mmol), Intermediate 2 (2.1 g, 2.9 mmol), 50 mL of 2-ethoxyethanol and 50 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide were sequentially added to a dry 250 mL round-bottom flask, purged with nitrogen three times, and heated at 100° C. for 96 h under nitrogen protection. The reaction was cooled, filtered through Celite, and washed twice with methanol and n-hexane respectively. Yellow solids on the Celite were dissolved in dichloromethane. The organic phases were collected, concentrated under reduced pressure, and purified through column chromatography to obtain Metal Complex 735 as a yellow solid (1.1 g with a yield of 42.6%). The product was confirmed as the target product with a molecular weight of 899.2.

Synthesis Example 3: Synthesis of Metal Complex 975

[0260] Step 1:

##STR00029##

[0261] 5-T-butyl-2-phenylpyridine (13.2 g, 62.9 mmol), iridium trichloride trihydrate (5.5 g, 15.7 mmol), 300 mL of 2-ethoxyethanol and 100 mL of water were sequentially added to a dry 500 mL round-bottom flask, purged with nitrogen three times, and heated and stirred for 24 h at 130° C. under nitrogen protection. The solution was cooled, filtered, washed three times with methanol and n-hexane respectively, and pumped to dryness to obtain 9.7 g of Intermediate 5 (with a yield of 97%).

[0262] Step 2:

##STR00030##

[0263] Intermediate 5 (9.7 g, 7.7 mmol), 250 mL of anhydrous dichloromethane, 10 mL of methanol and silver trifluoromethanesulfonate (4.3 g, 16.7 mmol) were sequentially added to a dry 500 mL round-bottom flask, purged with nitrogen three times, and stirred overnight at room temperature under nitrogen protection. The solution was filtered through Celite and washed twice with dichloromethane. The organic phases below were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 13.2 g of Intermediate 6 as a yellow solid (with a yield of 93%).

[0264] Step 3:

##STR00031##

[0265] Intermediate 3 (1.2 g, 3.5 mmol), Intermediate 6 (2.0 g, 2.5 mmol), 50 mL of 2-ethoxyethanol and 50 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide were sequentially added to a dry 250 mL round-bottom flask, purged with nitrogen three times, and heated at 100° C. for 96 h under nitrogen protection. The reaction was cooled, filtered through Celite, and washed twice with methanol and n-hexane respectively. Yellow solids on the Celite were dissolved in dichloromethane. The organic phases were collected, concentrated under reduced pressure, and purified through column chromatography to obtain Metal Complex 975 as a yellow solid (1.3 g with a yield of 54.3%). The product was confirmed as the target product with a molecular weight of 958.3.

Synthesis Example 4: Synthesis of Metal Complex 1192

[0266] Step 1:

##STR00032##

[0267] Intermediate 7 (1.5 g, 4.0 mmol), Intermediate 6 (2.2 g, 2.7 mmol), 50 mL of 2-ethoxyethanol and 50 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide were sequentially added to a dry 250 mL round-bottom flask, purged with nitrogen three times, and heated at 100° C. for 96 h under nitrogen protection. The reaction was cooled, filtered through Celite, and washed twice with methanol and n-hexane respectively. Yellow solids on the Celite were dissolved in dichloromethane. The organic phases were collected, concentrated under reduced pressure, and purified through column chromatography to obtain Metal Complex 1192 as a yellow solid (1.3 g with a yield of 50.0%). The product was confirmed as the target product with a molecular weight of 983.3.

[0268] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above preparation methods are merely exemplary. Those skilled in the art can obtain other compound structures of the present disclosure through the modifications of the preparation methods.

Device Example 1-1

[0269] First, a glass substrate having an indium tin oxide (ITO) anode with a thickness of 80 nm was cleaned and then treated with oxygen plasma and UV ozone. After the treatment, the substrate was dried in a glovebox to remove moisture. Then, the substrate was mounted on a substrate holder and placed in a vacuum chamber. Organic layers specified below were sequentially deposited through vacuum thermal evaporation on the ITO anode at a rate of 0.2 to 2 Angstroms per second and a vacuum degree of about 10.sup.−8 torr. Compound HI was used as a hole injection layer (HIL). Compound HT was used as a hole transporting layer (HTL). Compound H1 was used as an electron blocking layer (EBL). Metal Complex 493 of the present disclosure was doped in Compound H1 and Compound H2 as a dopant, and the resulting mixture was deposited for use as an emissive layer (EML). On the EML, Compound HB was used as a hole blocking layer (HBL). On the HBL, Compound ET and 8-hydroxyquinolinolato-lithium (Liq) were co-deposited for use as an electron transporting layer (ETL). Finally, 8-hydroxyquinolinolato-lithium (Liq) was deposited as an electron injection layer with a thickness of 1 nm and Al was deposited as a cathode with a thickness of 120 nm. The device was transferred back to the glovebox and encapsulated with a glass lid to complete the device.

Device Comparative Example 1-1

[0270] The implementation in Device Comparative Example 1-1 was the same as that in Device Example 1-1, except that in the EML, Metal Complex 493 of the present disclosure was replaced with Compound GD1.

Device Comparative Example 1-2

[0271] The implementation in Device Comparative Example 1-2 was the same as that in Device Example 1-1, except that in the EML, Metal Complex 493 of the present disclosure was replaced with Compound GD2.

[0272] Detailed structures and thicknesses of layers of the devices are shown in the following table. A layer using more than one material is obtained by doping different compounds at their weight ratio as recorded.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Device structures in Example 1-1 and Comparative Examples 1-1 and 1-2 Device ID HIL HTL EBL EML HBL ETL Example 1-1 Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound HI HT H1 H1:Compound HB ET:Liq (40:60) (100 Å) (350 Å) (50 Å) H2:Metal (50 Å) (350 Å) Complex 493(63:31:6) (400 Å) Comparative Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Example 1-1 HI HT H1 H1:Compound HB ET:Liq (40:60) (100 Å) (350 Å) (50 Å) H2:Compound (50 Å) (350 Å) GDI (63:31:6) (400 Å) Comparative Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Example 1-2 HI HT H1 H1:Compound HB ET:Liq (40:60) (100 Å) (350 Å) (50 Å) H2:Compound (50 Å) (350 Å) GD2 (63:31:6) (400 Å)

[0273] The structures of the materials used in the devices are shown as follows:

##STR00033## ##STR00034## ##STR00035##

[0274] Current-voltage-luminance (IVL) characteristics of the devices were measured. The CIE data, maximum emission wavelength λ.sub.max, voltage (V), current efficiency (CE) and power efficiency (PE) of each device were measured at 1000 cd/m.sup.2. Data about external quantum efficiency (EQE) was measured at a constant current of 15 mA/cm.sup.2. The data was recorded and shown in Table 2.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Device data of Examples 1-1 and Comparative Examples 1-1 and 1-2 λ.sub.max Voltage CE PE EQE Device ID CIE (x, y) (nm) (V) (cd/A) (lm/W) (%) Example 1-1 (0.348, 0.626) 530 2.67 104 123 24.81 Comparative (0.372, 0.611) 538 2.76 104 119 22.53 Example 1-1 Comparative (0.352, 0.623) 528 2.84 95 105 22.36 Example 1-2

[0275] Table 2 shows the device performance of the metal complex of the present disclosure and the comparative compounds. Example 1-1 differs from Comparative Example 1-1 only in that a substituent containing cyano is located at a different position of the ligand L.sub.a of the metal complex. Compared with Comparative Example 1-1, Example 1-1 has a slightly reduced driving voltage, slightly improved PE and EQE significantly improved by 10.1%. Example 1-1 differs from Comparative Example 1-2 only in that whether a substituent at position X.sub.8 of the ligand L.sub.a of the metal complex contains cyano. Compared with Comparative Example 1-2, Example 1-1 has a device voltage reduced by 0.17 V and CE, PE and EQE that are improved by 9.5%, 17.1% and 11.0%, respectively.

[0276] The above data indicates that the metal complex of the present disclosure comprising a substituent containing cyano at a particular position of L.sub.a has significantly better device efficiency and performance than the metal complexes in the comparative examples and can significantly improve the overall performance of the device.

Device Example 2-1

[0277] The implementation in Device Example 2-1 was the same as that in Device Example 1-1, except that in the EML, Metal Complex 493 of the present disclosure was replaced with Metal Complex 975 of the present disclosure.

Device Example 2-2

[0278] The implementation in Device Example 2-2 was the same as that in Device Example 1-1, except that in the EML, Metal Complex 493 of the present disclosure was replaced with Metal Complex 1192 of the present disclosure.

Device Comparative Example 2-1

[0279] The implementation in Device Comparative Example 2-1 was the same as that in Device Example 1-1, except that in the EL, Metal Complex 493 of the present disclosure was replaced with Compound GD3.

Device Comparative Example 2-2

[0280] The implementation in Device Comparative Example 2-2 was the same as that in Device Example 1-1, except that in the EL, Metal Complex 493 of the present disclosure was replaced with Compound GD4.

[0281] Detailed structures and thicknesses of layers of the devices are shown in the following table. A layer using more than one material is obtained by doping different compounds at their weight ratio as recorded.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Device structures in Examples 2-1 and 2-2 and Comparative Examples 2-1 and 2-2 Device ID HIL HTL EBL EML HBL ETL Example 2-1 Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound HI HT H1 H1:Compound HB ET:Liq (40:60) (100 Å) (350 Å) (50 Å) H2:Metal (50 Å) (350 Å) Complex 975 (63:31:6) (400 Å) Example 2-2 Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound HI HT H1 H1:Compound HB ET:Liq (40:60) (100 Å) (350 Å) (50 Å) H2:Metal (50 Å) (350 Å) Complex 1192 (63:31:6) (400 Å) Comparative Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Example 2-1 HI HT H1 H1:Compound HB ET:Liq (40:60) (100 Å) (350 Å) (50 Å) H2:Compound (50 Å) (350 Å) GD3 (63:31:6) (400 Å) Comparative Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Example 2-2 HI HT H1 H1:Compound HB ET:Liq (40:60) (100 Å) (350 Å) (50 Å) H2:Compound (50 Å) (350 Å) GD4 (63:31:6) (400 Å)

[0282] The structures of the new materials used in the devices are shown as follows:

##STR00036##

[0283] IVL characteristics of the devices were measured. The CIE data, maximum emission wavelength λ.sub.max, voltage (V), current efficiency (CE), power efficiency (PE) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of each device were measured at 1000 cd/m.sup.2. The data was recorded and shown in Table 4.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Device data of Examples 2-1 and 2-2 and Comparative Examples 2-1 and 2-2 λ.sub.max Voltage CE PE EQE Device ID CIE (x, y) (nm) (V) (cd/A) (lm/W) (%) Example 2-1 (0.351, 0.625) 531 2.69 109 127 28.07 Comparative (0.353, 0.623) 531 3.11 94 95 24.33 Example 2-1 Example 2-2 (0.361, 0.622) 537 2.59 112 136 28.33 Comparative (0.342, 0.635) 531 2.70 104 121 26.21 Example 2-2

[0284] Table 4 shows the device performance of the metal complexes of the present disclosure and the comparative compounds. Example 2-1 differs from Comparative Example 2-1 only in that whether the substituent at position X.sub.8 of the ligand L.sub.a of the metal complex contains cyano. Example 2-2 differs from Comparative Example 2-2 only in that whether the substituent at position X.sub.8 of the ligand L.sub.a of the metal complex contains cyano. Compared with Comparative Example 2-1, Example 2-1 has a driving voltage reduced by 0.42 V and CE, PE and EQE that are significantly improved by 15.9%, 33.7% and 15.4%, respectively. Compared with Comparative Example 2-2, Example 2-2 has a driving voltage reduced by 0.11 V, CE and PE that are both improved by about 5%, and EQE improved by 8.1%.

[0285] The above data indicates that the metal complex of the present disclosure comprising a substituent containing cyano at a particular position of L.sub.a has significantly better device efficiency and performance than the metal complexes in the comparative examples and can significantly improve the overall performance of the device.

[0286] As can be seen from the examples and comparative examples discussed above, the metal complex of the present disclosure comprising the substituent containing cyano at position X.sub.8 of the ligand L.sub.a can significantly improve device performance compared with the metal complexes in the comparative examples. The observed advantages of the compounds of the present disclosure are completely unexpected, which is impossible to predict even for a person skilled in the art.

[0287] It should be understood that various embodiments described herein are merely examples and not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, it is apparent to the persons skilled in the art that the present disclosure as claimed may include variations from specific embodiments and preferred embodiments described herein. Many of materials and structures described herein may be substituted with other materials and structures without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. It should be understood that various theories as to why the present disclosure works are not intended to be limitative.