THREE-DIMENSIONAL VEHICLE MAT WASHER AND RELATED METHOD OF USE
20240253085 ยท 2024-08-01
Inventors
- Austin N. Jacobs (Allendale, MI, US)
- Andrew S. VanWylen (Holland, MI, US)
- Davis J. Moes (Grand Rapids, MI, US)
- Andrew J. Kuper (Holland, MI, US)
Cpc classification
B60S3/008
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B08B1/20
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
International classification
B08B1/20
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B08B3/02
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
Abstract
An apparatus for cleaning a semi-rigid, three-dimensional vehicle mat can include a first set of compliant rollers spaced from one another and a second set of compliant rollers spaced from one another that cooperatively grab and advance the mat toward one or more brushes that scrub debris from above and/or below the mat. One or more of the compliant rollers can deform a distance radially toward an axis of rotation when contacting the mat to accommodate the contours of the mat and still grab the mat for advancing. The apparatus can include a holding pan that supports the mat so it is accessible through a second opening below the brushes and a first opening of a frame that supports the rollers and brushes. A deflector can be included to reroute the mat downstream of the brushes along a pathway toward the pan. A related method of use also is provided.
Claims
1. An apparatus for cleaning a vehicle mat, the apparatus comprising: a frame defining a first opening configured to receive a vehicle mat and a second opening configured to provide access to the vehicle mat, the second opening vertically offset from the first opening; a first set of compliant rollers rotating in a first direction, the first set of compliant rollers mounted on a first bar and spaced from one another along the first bar, the first bar mounted to the frame; a second set of compliant rollers rotating in a second direction, the second set of compliant rollers mounted on a second bar and spaced from one another along the second bar, which is distal from the first bar and below the first bar; a first brush rotating in a third direction and mounted to the frame; a second brush rotating in a fourth direction opposite the third direction, the second brush mounted to the frame; a holding pan disposed downstream of and under the first brush and the second brush, the holding pan extending toward the second opening; and an enclosure including a plurality of panels that surround and enclose the frame and the holding pan so that the holding pan is only visible to a user via the first opening and the second opening which are defined by a front panel of the plurality of panels; wherein the first brush and the second brush are configured to simultaneously engage the vehicle mat from above the vehicle mat and below the vehicle mat, to scrub debris from the vehicle mat while moving on a first pathway, wherein at least one of the compliant rollers of the first set of compliant rollers and the second set of compliant rollers deforms at least ? inch radially toward an axis of rotation when contacting the vehicle mat and advancing the vehicle mat toward the first and second brush, wherein the first brush and second brush rotate faster than the first set of compliant rollers and the second set of compliant rollers to exert tension on a portion of the vehicle mat located between the first brush and the first set of compliant rollers and the second set of compliant rollers and allow the first brush to rotate relative to the vehicle mat to provide a scrubbing action on the vehicle mat.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 comprising: a first deflector configured to deflect the vehicle mat downstream of the first brush and second brush to a second pathway different from first pathway and toward the holding pan, wherein the vehicle mat includes a floor substantially conforming to a floor of a vehicle foot well and a wall integrally formed with the floor of the mat and extending rigidly upward from the floor at a first angle, wherein the deflector engages the vehicle mat so as to bend at least one of the floor and the wall so that the first angle changes to a second angle different from the first angle, wherein the second angle angles the vehicle mat downward toward the holding pan.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the second opening is below the first opening, wherein the holding pan supports the vehicle mat so that the vehicle mat can be accessed through the second opening, wherein the plurality of panels includes a front panel that extends upward in front of the holding pan and around the second opening.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first set of compliant rollers includes a primary roller separated from a secondary roller distal from the primary roller with an intermediate roller therebetween, wherein each of the primary, secondary and distal rollers each include a plurality of spokes that are collapsible to allow an outer roller perimeter to deform radially toward the axis of rotation.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the primary roller, the secondary roller and the intermediate roller form an interrupted and discontinuous force application zone that applies a pressure to the vehicle mat, wherein the discontinuous force application zone enables the primary roller, the secondary roller and the intermediate roller to conform to a plurality of varying contours of the vehicle mat.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first brush is below the second brush, wherein the first brush includes a first diameter, wherein the second brush includes a second diameter, wherein the first diameter is greater than the second diameter.
7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the second set of compliant rollers includes a primary roller separated from a secondary roller distal from the primary roller with an intermediate roller therebetween, wherein the primary roller of the first set of compliant rollers is above the primary roller of the second set of compliant rollers, wherein the secondary roller of the first set of compliant rollers is above the secondary roller of the second set of compliant rollers, wherein the intermediate roller of the first set of compliant rollers is above the intermediate roller of the second set of compliant rollers.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first brush rotates at least 10 RPMs greater than the first set of compliant rollers rotates.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first brush rotates at least 10 RPMs greater than the second brush.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 comprising: a deflector downstream of the first brush, the deflector configured to engage the vehicle mat and bend the vehicle mat downward in a direction to advance the vehicle mat toward the holding pan.
11. An apparatus for cleaning a vehicle mat, the apparatus comprising: a first set of compliant rollers rotating in a first direction, the first set of compliant rollers mounted on a first bar and spaced from one another along the first bar, the first bar mounted to a frame; a second set of compliant rollers rotating in a second direction, the second set of compliant rollers mounted on a second bar and spaced from one another along the second bar, which is distal from the first bar and below the first bar; a first brush rotating in a third direction and mounted to the frame; a second brush rotating in a fourth direction opposite the third direction, the second brush mounted to the frame; a holding pan disposed downstream of and under the first brush and the second brush, the holding pan extending toward the second opening; and an enclosure including a plurality of panels that surround and enclose the frame and the holding pan; wherein the first brush and the second brush are configured to simultaneously engage the vehicle mat from above the vehicle mat and below the vehicle mat, to scrub debris from the vehicle mat while moving on a first pathway, wherein the first brush and second brush rotate faster than the plurality of compliant rollers to exert tension on a portion of the vehicle mat located between the first brush and the first set of compliant rollers and the second set of compliant rollers and allow the first brush to rotate relative to the vehicle mat to provide a scrubbing action.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 comprising: a deflector downstream of the first brush, the deflector configured to engage the vehicle mat and bend the vehicle mat downward in a direction to advance the vehicle mat toward the holding pan.
13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first brush is below the second brush, wherein the first brush includes a first diameter, wherein the second brush includes a second diameter, wherein the first diameter is greater than the second diameter.
14. The apparatus of claim 11 comprising: a first deflector configured to deflect the vehicle mat downstream of the first brush and second brush to a second pathway different from first pathway and toward the holding pan, wherein the vehicle mat includes a floor substantially conforming to a floor of a vehicle foot well and a wall integrally formed with the floor of the mat and extending rigidly upward from the floor at a first angle, wherein the deflector engages the vehicle mat so as to bend at least one of the floor and the wall so that the first angle changes to a second angle different from the first angle, wherein the second angle angles the vehicle mat downward toward the holding pan.
15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first set of compliant rollers includes a primary roller separated from a secondary roller distal from the primary roller with an intermediate roller therebetween, wherein the second set of compliant rollers includes a primary roller separated from a secondary roller distal from the primary roller with an intermediate roller therebetween, wherein the primary roller of the first set of compliant rollers is above the primary roller of the second set of compliant rollers, wherein the secondary roller of the first set of compliant rollers is above the secondary roller of the second set of compliant rollers, wherein the intermediate roller of the first set of compliant rollers is above the intermediate roller of the second set of compliant rollers.
16. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the primary roller of the first set of compliant rollers is vertically aligned above the primary roller of the second set of compliant rollers, wherein the secondary roller of the first set of compliant rollers is vertically aligned above the secondary roller of the second set of compliant rollers, wherein the intermediate roller of the first set of compliant rollers is vertically aligned above the intermediate roller of the second set of compliant rollers.
17. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the plurality of panels includes a front panel that defines the first opening and the second opening, wherein the holding pan is only visible to a user via through at least one of the first opening and the second opening.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the plurality of panels includes a rear panel distal from the front panel and extending upward adjacent the holding pan, wherein the plurality of panels includes a first side panel and a second side panel extending upward adjacent the holding pan to conceal the holding pan from the rear panel to the front panel.
19. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the frame is mounted to a plurality of castors, wherein the enclosure surrounds the holding pan.
20. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first brush rotates at least 10 RPMs greater than the first set of compliant rollers rotates, whereby first brush exerts tension on a portion of the vehicle mat located between the first brush and the first set of compliant rollers such that the first brush rotates against the vehicle mat to provide a scrubbing action on the vehicle mat as the vehicle mat is retarded from advancing relative to the first brush.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE CURRENT EMBODIMENTS
[0032] A current embodiment of the vehicle mat washer is shown in
[0033] In advancing from the rollers to the brushes, the mat 100 can travel on a first pathway P1, which can generally be a linear pathway between those elements. Optionally, the mat washer 10 can be constructed to fit within a confined space, where it can be placed up against a wall WL (
[0034] Generally, the mat washer 10 can clean, wash, treat, scrub, modify or otherwise modify (all referred to as scrub herein) a vehicle mat 100 to remove debris from that mat. The vehicle mat 100 optionally can be a three-dimensional, contoured vehicle mat that is designed or configured to fit within a vehicle floor well. The vehicle mat 100, as shown in
[0035] The forward wall 102 can transition to the floor 101 at a curved transition 102C, which can be rigid enough to retain the angle A1 between the remainder of the floor 101 and the wall 102. The mat 100 optionally can include one or more side walls 103 integrally formed with the floor 101 and extending upwardly from the floor 101, distal from at least a portion of the forward wall 102 and substantially conforming to a foot well wall. The side wall 103 can be joined with the floor 101 via a curved transition 103C. The side wall 103 can project forwardly and can transition to a portion of the forward wall 102. In some cases, the mat can include additional sidewalls, for example, and opposing sidewall 104 that lays across the longitudinal axis LA of the mat. The mat 100 can include a rear sidewall or rear wall 105 distal and opposite from the forward wall 102, which can lay in a position, when installed in the vehicle, behind an occupant's feet. In some applications, the forward wall, sidewalls and rear walls and floor can form a tray that can capture and retain dirt, mud, snow, water and other debris from a user's feet therein, preventing it from leaking to a vehicle foot well and any carpet or other material disposed therein.
[0036] The mat 100 can be constructed from a polymer, and can be semi-rigid and can hold its shape in a three-dimensional form when removed from the vehicle well. Each of the walls can extend upward from the floor and can be disposed in a non-planar orientation relative to the floor. The walls can be generally self-supporting due to the semi rigid or rigid character of the mat. Due to the various walls extending upward from the floor, the mat can be difficult to process or wash due to its unwieldy, bulky and irregular shape and size. The mat washer 10 herein can be configured so that the mat is not permanently deformed, torn or damaged so that it no longer fits the vehicle foot well.
[0037] With reference to
[0038] Optionally, the first brush 60 can rotate at a faster RPM than the compliant rollers 40 and 50 to promote or exert a tension T in the mat 100 when located between the compliant rollers 40 and 50, the first brush 60, and optionally the second brush 70. This can be shown in with reference to
[0039] As mentioned above, the frame 20 can support the first set 40 and second set 50 of compliant rollers. These rollers can be supported on a bar 43 and 53 that extend across the width W of the frame. The rollers can grab and advance the mat 100 when the mat 100 is placed adjacent to the opening 31. Each of the compliant rollers 40, 50 can be in sets of individual rollers or roller units. For example, the first set of rollers 40 can include a first roller 41, a second roller 42 and a third roller 43, also respectively referred to as a primary roller, an intermediate roller, and a secondary roller of the first set. The second set of rollers 50 can include a first roller 51, a second roller 52 and a third roller 53, also respectively referred to as a primary roller, an intermediate roller and a secondary roller of the second set. Optionally, the number of independent and separate rollers can vary depending on the application and the grip to be applied to the mat 100.
[0040] The rollers of each of the respective sets can be separated respective distances D1 and D2 from one another. For example, the primary roller 41 can be separated from the intermediate roller 42 by the distance D1, and the intermediate roller 42 can be separated from the secondary roller 43 by the distance D2. The distances D1 and D2 can be equal. The same can be true for the primary, intermediate and secondary rollers of the second set of rollers 50. By separating the independent roller units 41, 42 and 43 from one another along the bar 43, each of the independent roller units 41, 42 and 43 can independently grip and dynamically compress, collapse or react relative to the interaction of that individual roller unit with the contours and shapes of the three-dimensional mat 100. Each of the rollers optionally can be aligned vertically with one another. For example, the primary rollers 41 and 51 of the different roller sets can be aligned one above the other to provide a pinching or gripping action therebetween on the mat 100. Likewise, the intermediate and secondary rollers also can be aligned from one set to the next.
[0041] Optionally, the rollers 40 and 50 are not formed of a continuous roller unit that extends across the entire width of the mat 100. Instead, the rollers form an interrupted and discontinuous force application zone FAZ that applies pressure via each of the separate rollers units 41, 42, 43 and 51, 52, 53 separately and independently to the mat. With this type of separated and discontinuous force application zone FAZ, the rollers optionally can conform more easily to the varying contours of the mat. Of course, in some alternative applications, the rollers can be constructed of a continuous unit that extends across the width of the opening 31 and the frame as a single, unitary drum-type roller, rather than separated into individual roller units as shown. In this application, the compliant rollers can be configured to deform as described herein to effectively handle the contours of the three-dimensional mat, yet still grip and grab that mat to advance it along the pathway P1.
[0042] The compliant rollers 40 and 50 as described herein can rotate about the respective bars 43B and 53B as described above. The rollers also can rotate about the respective axes of rotation 40A and 50A respectively. As shown in
[0043] The spokes 43S can be thin and deformable, which can allow them and their outer perimeter 43P to deflect or deform radially toward the axis of rotation 40A, as shown in
[0044] Depending on the particular contours of a particular vehicle mat, the deflection can be greater or less than that shown in
[0045] Of course, after the perimeter no longer contacts the contour 102C, the outer perimeter 43P can automatically deform or extend outward again, away from the axis 40A, so that the radius R1 is reestablished at the location where the outer perimeter 43P was temporarily deformed. This process of deforming the rollers can be repeated multiple times for various contours of the mat, and as described above, also can transfer forces from the compliant rollers to the mat itself, causing the mat to bend, deform, deflect or otherwise become slightly modified when engaging the respective rollers, as well as the brushes or deflectors as described below.
[0046] As shown in
[0047] As mentioned above, the first set of compliant rollers 40 can rotate in a first direction R1 and the second set of compliant rollers 50 can rotate in a second direction R2, which can be opposite the first direction R1. With these opposite rotational characteristics, the rollers can grip the respective lower surface 100L and upper surface 100U of the mat 100 and advance it along the pathway P1 away from the opening 31 toward the brushes 60 and 70. The first brush 60 can rotate in a direction R3 which can be different from a fourth direction R4 in which the second brush 70 rotates. The first brush 60 can have a greater brush diameter DB1 then a brush diameter DB2 of the second brush 70 as shown. Of course, in other applications, these diameters can vary depending on the desired scrubbing action on the respective vehicle mat. The first brush 60 can rotate in direction R3 at a greater RPM than the second brush 70. For example, the first brush 60 can rotate at an RPM that is RPMG, which can be optionally at least 10 RPMs, optionally at least 10 RPMs, at least 20 RPMs, at least 50 RPMs, at least 100 RPMs, at least 150 RPMs greater than the RPM that is the RPML of the second brush 70, shown in
[0048] Again, this difference in RPMs of the first brush 60 relative to the RPMs of the compliant rollers 40 and 50, which grab and hold the mat, allows the first brush 60 to quickly rotate at a fast enough rate to scrub and clean the mat, instead of allowing the first brush to actually advance the mat quickly through or past the brushes 60 and 70. The first brush thus scrubs and moves over the surfaces of the mat, rather than pulling it, while the rollers advance the mat toward the brushes as they grab the mat. The first brush 60 also can rotate at a greater RPM than the compliant rollers to exert a tension T on a first portion 100P1 of the vehicle mat between the compliant rollers and the first brush. A second portion 100P2 of the vehicle mat beyond the first brush, however, optionally is not under the tension T.
[0049] For example, as shown in
[0050] With reference to
[0051] Optionally, the bristles of the brushes can engage the respective upper 100U and lower 100L surfaces of the mat 100, or other surfaces thereof, and can engage pieces of debris DBR, effectively scrubbing or removing the debris from the mat, transporting it along the bristles away from the mat as shown in
[0052] In some cases, the first brush 60 and second brush 70 of the mat washer 10 can engage the mat with a compressive force F2 therebetween. This compressive force or other force depending on the direction of the force F2, can push against the floor and/or the walls of the mat 10 to alter, bend or otherwise change the shape and or relationship of the walls and floor relative to one another. For example, as shown in
[0053] Optionally, where the mat washer 10 is configured to redirect the mat from the first opening 31 to the second opening 32, which is located below the first opening 31, as shown in
[0054] When the mat encounters a deflector, the mat can be deflected downstream of the first and second brushes 60 and 70 to a second pathway P2 different from the first pathway P1. During this deflecting, the mat optionally can bend, deform otherwise and become modified as shown at B in
[0055]
[0056] The angle between the forward wall 102 and the floor 101 can optionally return to the angle A1 of the contoured mat before being washed and the mat washer 10. As shown, the holding pan 27 can be an open mesh material so that liquids used to clean the mat 100 can impinge upon the pan and drip or drain through it. In other cases, the holding pan can be a panel or sheet, which optionally can include one or more drainage holes. In other cases, the pan can be a solid panel with no holes, depending on the application.
[0057] The mat washer 10 can include one or more sprayers 94 and 95 as shown in
[0058] A method of using the mat washer 10 of the current embodiment will now be generally described. The method can include providing a vehicle mat including a floor substantially conforming to a floor of a vehicle foot well and a wall integrally formed with the floor of the mat and extending rigidly upward from the floor at a first angle; advancing the vehicle mat with a plurality of compliant rollers that are rotating under power, at least one of the compliant rollers deforming radially toward an axis of rotation when contacting and grabbing the vehicle mat; engaging the vehicle mat with a first brush to scrub debris from the vehicle mat while moving along a first pathway; and bending at least one of the floor and the wall so that the first angle changes to a second angle different from the first angle.
[0059] More particularly, as explained above, a user can insert a dirty mat in the mat washer 10 by projecting it into the opening 31 as shown in
[0060] The mat 10 can continue to be advanced along the pathway P1 as shown in
[0061] The mat 100 can be advanced by the deflector along the second pathway P2 toward the secondary rollers 91 and 92 to transition toward the holding pan 27. The rollers 91 and 92 also optionally can bend the mat and/or change the first angle to a second angle when the mat goes between the rollers. The rollers 91 and 92 can advance the mat toward the holding pan 27 so that the mat then travels along the pathway P3 and along the holding pan toward the opening 32, where it can be accessed by user as described above.
[0062] A first alternative embodiment of the mat washer is shown in
[0063] In this embodiment, the first set of rollers 140 can be mounted on respective bar 143B and can rotate about an axis centered in a plane P6 that is set backward or farther away from the opening 131 than the bar 153B upon which the second set of rollers 150 is are mounted. These rollers 150 can rotate about an axis that is in the vertical plane P7, which is closer to the opening than the vertical plane P6. In this configuration, the lower or second set of rollers 150 can be the first rollers that engage and contact a respective mat 100 that is fed into the mat washer 110. In some cases, when the mat 100 is initially placed in the opening, the force of gravity can cause the distal end 100D of the mat to move toward and rest or engage the lower rollers 150. The distal part 100D of the mat 100 thus can be grabbed or advanced more easily by the lower set of rollers 150 to advance the mat toward the upper set of compliant rollers 140 and thereby fully grab the mat with both roller sets. The rollers can rotate similar to the corresponding sets of rollers 40 and 50, can be compliant and can deform like those rollers as described above. Accordingly, these rollers sets 140 and 150, as well as their individual rollers, bars and drives will not be described again in detail here.
[0064] With reference to
[0065] In this embodiment, as shown in
[0066] Optionally, the mat washer 110 can include a frame trough 126 that can be disposed below the various rollers and brushes. This trough can collect a cleaner or rinsing solution that is sprayed on the mat from sprayers, which are not shown, but are similar to the sprayers in the embodiment above. The trough can include a drain and hose, also not shown, that can collect and convey cleaner or rinse solution out from the mat washer and to a container or drain for storage or disposal.
[0067] With reference to
[0068] Optionally, the third set of rollers 183 can be slightly higher vertically than the first and second sets of rollers 140, 150 which are upstream of the first brush and second brush 160, 170. Thus, as shown in
[0069] As mentioned above, the upper or third set of rollers 183 can guide the distal end 100D of the mat 100D between the compliant rollers 183 and 184 so that these rollers can grip and pull the mat from the brushes 160 and 170, deflecting the mat from the first pathway to the second pathway P2, which can be transvers to the first pathway. As this occurs, the mat can bend, and the mat 100 can be pressed between the compliant rulers 183 and 184 and can have certain angles of respective walls relative to the floor and the like adjusted or modified as described above in connection with the first and second rollers 140 and 150. Likewise, parts of the rollers 183, 194 can deflect or deform, similar to the rollers 140, 150 as described above.
[0070] The third and fourth sets of compliant rollers can eject the mat 100 out of the enclosure 130 through a rear opening 133 of the enclosure and toward the tray or holding pan 127, which optionally can be curved, can extend from adjacent the rear opening 133 to the front second opening 133 of the enclosure. The mat can engage the upper surface 127U of the tray and slide down an intermediate curved portion 1271 along a third pathway P3 that is transverse to the second pathway P2, toward a lower portion 127L of the tray or holding pan 127. Eventually, a user can access the mat 100 on the lower portion 127L of the tray or holding pan 127 through the opening 132. Of course, other set ups for retrieving and supporting the mat can be substituted for those shown.
[0071] Although the different elements and assemblies of the embodiments are described herein as having certain functional characteristics, each element and/or its relation to other elements can be depicted or oriented in a variety of different aesthetic configurations, which support the ornamental and aesthetic aspects of the same. Simply because an apparatus, element or assembly of one or more of elements is described herein as having a function does not mean its orientation, layout or configuration is not purely aesthetic and ornamental in nature.
[0072] Directional terms, such as vertical, horizontal, top, bottom, upper, lower, inner, inwardly, outer and outwardly, are used to assist in describing the invention based on the orientation of the embodiments shown in the illustrations. The use of directional terms should not be interpreted to limit the invention to any specific orientation(s).
[0073] In addition, when a component, part or layer is referred to as being joined with, on, engaged with, adhered to, secured to, or coupled to another component, part or layer, it may be directly joined with, on, engaged with, adhered to, secured to, or coupled to the other component, part or layer, or any number of intervening components, parts or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being directly joined with, directly on, directly engaged with, directly adhered to, directly secured to, or directly coupled to another element or layer, there may be no intervening elements or layers present. Other words used to describe the relationship between components, layers and parts should be interpreted in a like manner, such as adjacent versus directly adjacent and similar words. As used herein, the term and/or includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0074] The above description is that of current embodiments of the invention. Various alterations and changes can be made without departing from the broader aspects of the invention as defined in the appended claims, which are to be interpreted in accordance with the principles of patent law including the doctrine of equivalents. This disclosure is presented for illustrative purposes and should not be interpreted as an exhaustive description of all embodiments of the invention or to limit the scope of the claims to the specific elements illustrated or described in connection with these embodiments. For example, and without limitation, any individual element(s) of the described invention may be replaced by alternative elements that provide substantially similar functionality or otherwise provide adequate operation. This includes, for example, presently known alternative elements, such as those that might be currently known to one skilled in the art, and alternative elements that may be developed in the future, such as those that one skilled in the art might, upon development, recognize as an alternative. Further, the disclosed embodiments include a plurality of features that are described in concert and that might cooperatively provide a collection of benefits. The present invention is not limited to only those embodiments that include all of these features or that provide all of the stated benefits, except to the extent otherwise expressly set forth in the issued claims. Any reference to claim elements in the singular, for example, using the articles a, an, the or said, is not to be construed as limiting the element to the singular. Any reference to claim elements as at least one of X, Y and Z is meant to include any one of X, Y or Z individually, any combination of X, Y and Z, for example, X, Y, Z; X, Y; X, Z; Y, Z, and/or any other possible combination together or alone of those elements, noting that the same is open ended and can include other elements.