CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A COMPRESSOR WITH PRESURE-BASED SUBSYSTEM, SYNTHESIS PLANT AND CONTROL METHOD

Abstract

Control system arranged for a rotary compressor driven by a rotary engine, and includes: a first control subsystem, a second control subsystem and a selector; the first control subsystem is arranged to provide a first control signal as a function of the performance and the speed of the compressor; the second control subsystem is arranged to provide a second control signal as a function of the performance of the compressor; the selector is arranged to select the first control signal or the second control signal as a third control signal to be provided to a power control input of the engine.

Claims

1. A control system for a rotary compressor driven by a rotary engine, comprising: a first control subsystem comprising: a performance input arranged to receive a first measure signal indicating performance of the rotary compressor, a speed input arranged to receive a second measure signal indicating rotation speed of the rotary compressor or the rotary engine, and a first control output arranged to provide a first control signal as a function of the first measure signal and the second measure signal; a second control subsystem comprising: a performance input arranged to receive a third measure signal indicating performance of the rotary compressor, and a second control output arranged to provide a second control signal as a function of the third measure signal; a selector comprising: a first input electrically connected to the first control output, a second input electrically connected to the second control output, and a third control output arranged to provide a third control signal to a power control input of the rotary engine, wherein the selector is arranged to select the first control signal or the second control signal as the third control signal to be provided at the third control output.

2. The control system of claim 1, wherein the selector is arranged to select the second control signal based on one or more of at least the following criteria: an absolute value of a difference between the first measure signal and a performance setpoint exceeds a first threshold value, an absolute value of a derivative of a difference between the first measure signal and a performance setpoint exceeds a second threshold value.

3. The control system of claim 1, wherein the second control subsystem comprises a PID controller, wherein only the P term and the I term are used.

4. The control system of claim 1, wherein the second control subsystem is arranged to calculate a performance error signal as a difference between a performance setpoint and the third measure signal.

5. The control system of any claim 1, wherein the first control subsystem is arranged to calculate a performance error signal as a difference between a performance setpoint and the first measure signal, and a speed error signal as a difference between a speed setpoint and the second measure signal.

6. The control system of claim 1, wherein the first control subsystem is arranged to calculate a performance error signal as a difference between a performance setpoint and the first measure signal, and a speed error signal as a difference a speed setpoint and between a corrected signal, wherein the corrected signal derives from correcting the second measure signal.

7. The control system of claim 5, wherein the first control subsystem comprises a load controller arranged to determine a load demand based on the performance error signal.

8. The control system of claim 7, wherein the first control subsystem comprises a converter arranged to determine a speed setpoint based on the load demand.

9. The control system of claim 8, wherein the converter is a split converter and is arranged to provide alternatively a speed setpoint and an anti-surge control signal.

10. The control system of claim 5, wherein the first control subsystem comprises a speed governor arranged to determine the first control signal based on the speed error signal.

11. The control system of claim 1, wherein the performance input of the first and/or second subsystem is arranged to receive a measure signal indicating suction pressure of the rotary compressor.

12. The synthesis plant comprising: a rotary compressor comprising an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet is arranged to receive a gas mixture; a rotary engine driving the rotary compressor; and a control system according to claim 1.

13. The plant of claim 12, wherein the rotary engine is a steam turbine.

14. The plant of claim 12, comprising a reformer upstream the rotary compressor, wherein the reformer comprises an outlet fluidly connected to the inlet of the rotary compressor.

15. A method of controlling a rotary compressor driven by a rotary engine, comprising: measuring a parameter of the rotary compressor, the parameter indicating performance of the rotary compressor, measuring a rotation speed of the rotary compressor or the rotary engine, generating a first control signal as a function of the parameter and the rotation speed, generating a second control signal as a function of the parameter, generating a third control signal by selecting between the first control signal and the second control signal, and providing the third control signal to control input terminals of the rotary engine.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the second control signal is selected based on one or more of at least the following criteria: an absolute value of a difference between the first measure signal and a performance setpoint exceeds a first threshold value, an absolute value of a derivative of a difference between the first measure signal and a performance setpoint exceeds a second threshold value.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and constitute an integral part of the present specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention and, together with the detailed description, explain these embodiments. In the drawings:

[0016] FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a control system according to the prior art,

[0017] FIG. 2 shows a general block diagram applicable to several embodiments of a control system,

[0018] FIG. 3 shows a general block diagram applicable to several embodiments of a synthesis plant,

[0019] FIG. 4 shows a detailed block diagram of an embodiment of a control system,

[0020] FIG. 5 shows a detailed block diagram of an embodiment of a control system, and

[0021] FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of a control method.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following description of exemplary embodiments refers to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] The following description does not limit embodiments of the invention. Instead, the scope of embodiments of the invention is defined by the appended claims.

[0024] Reference throughout the specification to one embodiment or an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the subject matter disclosed. Thus, the appearance of the phrases in one embodiment or in an embodiment in various places throughout the specification is not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0025] In the following, embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein will be described through block diagrams made of blocks connected by lines entering into and exiting out of blocks as it is customary practice in the field of control theory.

[0026] It is to be noted that such block diagrams may be implemented in many different ways through various possible combinations of pieces of hardware and pieces of software.

[0027] Therefore, throughout the specification (i.e. description, claims and abstract) and drawings, a block may refer to a piece of hardware or piece of software (running on a piece of hardware), an input or an output may refer to electrical terminals or a piece of data stored in a computer memory (that may be for example internal to a PLC), the expression receiving a signal may mean letting an electrical signal flow into electrical terminals or reading a piece of data from a memory, the expression providing an output may mean letting an electrical signal flow out of electrical terminals or writing a piece of data to a memory, the expression electrically connected (when referred for example to blocks) may correspond to having electrical wires between electrical terminals of a block and electrical terminals of another block or to having a block writing a piece of data to a memory and another block reading the same piece of data from the same memory.

[0028] According to a typical implementation, a new and inventive fully-automatic control system may be implemented for example through a single PLC (=Programmable Logic Controller) and one or more pieces of software; in this case, in particular, a block may correspond to a piece of software, i.e. a software program or a software subroutine.

[0029] FIGS. 2, 3, 4, and 5 illustrate embodiments of a new and inventive fully-automatic control system that adjusts rotational speed of a compressor in response to disturbances, such as, but not limited to, variations in the composition of a gas mixture at an inlet of the compressor. The gas mixture may comprise so-called synthesis gas that often contains hydrogen and/or nitrogen and/or carbon monoxide. The control system together with a controlled train, including a rotary compressor and an engine, may be used within a plant to synthesize ammonia from the gas mixture. The rotary compressor may be driven by the engine.

[0030] The new full-automatic control system differs from prior control systems in that it includes not one, but at least two control subsystems. The first control subsystem performs control based, in an embodiment, only on a performance parameter of the compressor, in particular its suction pressure, and the rotation speed of the engine or the compressor. The second control subsystem performs control based, in an embodiment, only on a performance parameter of the compressor, in particular its suction pressure. The second control subsystem is used for example when the suction pressure of the compressor is very high (i.e. much higher than expected from design) and/or when the suction pressure of the compressor is varying very quickly (i.e. much quicker than expected from design); this means for example that the composition of the gas mixture at the inlet of the compressor is far from expected; otherwise the first control subsystem is used. Therefore, no human intervention is necessary.

[0031] Referring to FIG. 2, a new control system 200 is arranged to control a rotary compressor driven by a rotary engine.

[0032] Control system 200 may include: a first control subsystem 210, a second control subsystem 220 and a selector 230.

[0033] It is to be noted that a control subsystem may be implemented in many different ways through various possible combinations of pieces of hardware and pieces of software. If the control system is implemented for example through a single PLC, each or any of the control subsystems may be implemented through a so-called software module, i.e. a set of software programs or software subroutines cooperating for a specific purpose, running on the PLC.

[0034] Control system 200 has a first input 201, a second input 202, a third input 203 and an output 204.

[0035] First control subsystem 210 comprises: a performance input 211 arranged to receive a first measure signal 21 indicating performance of the rotary compressor, a speed input 213 arranged to receive a second measure signal 23 indicating rotation speed of the rotary compressor or the rotary engine (usually the two rotation speeds are equal or at a fixed ratio), and a first control output 212 arranged to provide a first control signal 26 as a function of signal 21 and signal 23. Typically, first measure signal 21 indicates suction pressure of the rotary compressor; alternatively, it indicates another performance variable of the compressor such as, for example, discharge pressure of the compressor or net gas (mass or volumetric) flow rate processed by the compressor. Typically, control signal 26 is a power control signal, in particular a speed control signal (in case there is a direct relation between speed and power generated by the engine). Typically, the first control signal 26 is a function of only signals 21 and 23 (but also of other parameters and constants).

[0036] Second control subsystem 220 comprises: a performance input 221 arranged to receive a third measure signal 22 indicating performance of the rotary compressor, and a second control output 222 arranged to provide a second control signal 27 as a function of signal 22. Typically, first measure signal 22 indicates suction pressure of the rotary compressor; alternatively, it indicates another performance variable of the compressor such as, for example, discharge pressure of the compressor or net gas (mass or volumetric) flow rate processed by the compressor. Typically, control signal 27 is a power control signal, in particular a speed control signal (in case there is a direct relation between speed and power generated by the engine). Typically, the second control signal 27 is a function of only signal 22 (but also of other parameters and constants).

[0037] In the following, the suction pressure of the compressor will be considered the performance variable of the compressor without limiting the generality of the foregoing.

[0038] In the embodiment of FIG. 2, signal 21 and signal 22 correspond to the same signal 20 indicating suction pressure of the rotary compressor.

[0039] Selector 230 comprises: a first input 231 electrically connected to the first control output 212, a second input 232 electrically connected to the second control output 222, and a third control output 234 arranged to provide a third control signal 24 to a control input of the rotary engine.

[0040] Typically, control signal 24 is a power control signal, in particular a speed control signal (in case there is a direct relation between speed and power generated by the engine). For example, if the engine is a steam turbine, control signal 24 may be a signal indicating the opening degree of its steam valve; more in particular, it is the opening percentage of this valve.

[0041] Selector 230 is arranged to select control signal 26 or control signal 27 as control signal 24 to be provided at control output 234.

[0042] Input 211 is electrically connected to input 201 of control system 200; input 221 is electrically connected to input 202 of control system 200; input 213 is electrically connected to input 203 of control system 200; output 234 is electrically connected to out 204 of control system 200.

[0043] Selector 230 may carry out selection of input signal coming from the second control subsystem (instead of the input signal coming the first control subsystem) according to one or more predetermined selection criteria, for example one or more of at least the following criteria:

[0044] A) an absolute value of a difference between suction pressure measure signal 21 and a suction pressure setpoint exceeds a first threshold value,

[0045] B) an absolute value of a derivative of a difference between suction pressure measure signal 21 and a suction pressure setpoint exceeds a second threshold value.

[0046] Criterion A means that the suction pressure of the compressor is very high.

[0047] Criterion B means that the suction pressure of the compressor is varying very quickly.

[0048] Additional selection criteria that lead selector 230 selecting the input signal coming from the first control subsystem (instead of the input signal coming the second control subsystem) may be for example one or more of at least the following criteria:

[0049] C) rotation speed of the engine and/or the compressor is lower than a low limit,

[0050] D) rotation speed of the engine and/or the compressor is higher than a high limit,

[0051] E) the first control subsystem is contributing to anti-surge control.

[0052] It is to be noted that the low limit and/or the high limit is not a predetermined value. For example, given a current rotation speed, the low limit may be the current speed with a subtracted percentage of e.g. 1 or 3 or 10% and the high limit may be the current speed with an added percentage of e.g. 1 or 3 or 10%; the subtracted percentage and the added percentage may be different between each other; the subtracted percentage and/or the added percentage may depend on e.g. the current speed.

[0053] Second control subsystem 220 may comprise or correspond to a PID controller arranged to determine control signal 27 based only on suction pressure signal 22 (but also of other parameters and constants); in an embodiment, only the P term and the I term are used, and, in this case, the controller may be defined a PI controller.

[0054] The embodiment of FIG. 4, i.e. control system 400, will now be considered.

[0055] Control system 400 comprises a first control subsystem, a second control subsystem and a selector. The first control subsystem corresponds to blocks 405, 412, 414, 416 and 418. The second control subsystem corresponds to blocks 405 and 422. The selector corresponds to selector 430. Block 405 is shared between the first and the second control subsystems.

[0056] The second control subsystem of the embodiment of FIG. 4 comprises a PID controller 422 arranged to determine a second control signal 48-2 based on suction pressure error signal 43; in an embodiment, only the P term and the I term are used, and, in this case, controller 422 may be defined a PI controller.

[0057] The second control subsystem of the embodiment of FIG. 4 is arranged to calculate a suction pressure error signal 43 as a difference between a suction pressure setpoint 41 and a suction pressure measure signal 42 through e.g. a subtractor 405.

[0058] The first control subsystem of the embodiment of FIG. 4 is arranged to calculate a suction pressure error signal 43 as a difference between a suction pressure setpoint 41 and a suction pressure measure signal 42 through e.g. a subtractor 405, and a rotation speed error signal 47 as a difference between a rotation speed setpoint 45 and a rotation speed measure signal 46 through e.g. a subtractor 416.

[0059] The first control subsystem of the embodiment of FIG. 4 comprises a load controller 412 arranged to determine a load demand 44 based on suction pressure error signal 43; controller 412 is a PID controller.

[0060] The first control subsystem of the embodiment of FIG. 4 comprises a converter 414 arranged to determine a rotation speed setpoint 45 based on load demand 44.

[0061] Converter 414 is, in particular, a split converter and is arranged to provide alternatively a rotation speed setpoint 45 and an anti-surge control signal 93. Converter 414 may choose to provide one or the other signal depending on the compressor operative status, more in particular on the compressor operative point on the compressor envelop map (for example pressure ratio vs. suction volumetric flow rate).

[0062] The first control subsystem of the embodiment of FIG. 4 comprises a speed governor 418 arranged to determine a first control signal 48-1 based on speed error signal 47; governor 418 is a PID controller. Typically, governor 418 is aware of the maximum admissible rotation speed and/or the minimum admissible rotation speed of the engine and/or the compressor.

[0063] Selector 430 is arranged to receive first control input 48-1 and second control input 48-2, to provide a third control signal 49 to a power control input of the rotary engine. Selector 430 may carry out selection of input signals according to one or more predetermined selection criteria, for example one or more of the criteria A, B, C, D and E previously mentioned in connection to selector 230.

[0064] Both the embodiment 400 of FIG. 4 and the embodiment 500 of FIG. 5, that will be described later, comprise an anti-surge control subsystem.

[0065] The anti-surge control subsystem comprises a controller 902 and selector 904.

[0066] Controller 902 determines an anti-surge control signal 92 based on a set 91 of parameters; this set comprises in particular the pressure and the temperature at the inlet of the compressor, the pressure and the temperature at the outlet of the compressor, and the volumetric flow rate processed by the compressor. Such controller may determine an anti-surge control signal in a known way.

[0067] Selector 904 is arranged to receive the anti-surge control signal 92 and another anti-surge control signal 93, and to select one of them as anti-surge control signal 94 to be provide to an anti-surge valve of the compressor; control signal 94 may be a signal indicating the opening degree of the anti-surge valve, more in particular its opening percentage. Selector 904 may select, for example, the anti-surge control signal having higher value.

[0068] In the embodiment of FIG. 4, anti-surge control signal 93 is provided by split converter 414.

[0069] In the embodiment of FIG. 5, anti-surge control signal 93 is provided by split converter 514.

[0070] The embodiment 500 of FIG. 5 differs from the embodiment 400 of FIG. 4 only in that subtractor 516 determines a speed error signal 57 as a difference between a rotation speed setpoint 55 and a corrected signal 56C (instead of a measure signal); the similarity between FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 is apparent and similar reference numbers are associated to similar/identical components of the embodiments.

[0071] The corrected signal 56C derives from correcting a speed measure signal 56 that indicates the rotation speed of the rotary compressor or the rotary engine being controlled by control system 500.

[0072] Determination of signal 56C is carried out by a corrector 517.

[0073] As known, the corrected speed of a compressor is the speed at which the pressure ratio calculated from the compressor performance map at the actual gas flow processed by the compressor is equal to the actual pressure ratio delivered by the compressor.

[0074] The corrected speed is equal to the actual speed (i.e. the measured speed) if the actual condition of the gas mixture at the inlet of the compressor is equal to the design condition of the gas mixture at the inlet of the compressor.

[0075] Corrector 517 determines the corrected speed 56C based on the measured speed 56 and a set 91 of parameters; this set comprises in particular the pressure and the temperature at the inlet of the compressor, the pressure and the temperature at the outlet of the compressor, and the volumetric flow rate processed by the compressor.

[0076] It is to be noted that, in the embodiment if FIG. 5, the same set of parameters are input to block 902 and block 517.

[0077] Corrected speed 56C for a compressor is calculated as follows.

[0078] The corrected rotation speed derives from the following formula

[00001]${}_{\mathrm{corr}}=2.Math.\frac{u_{2,\mathrm{corr}}}{D_2};$

[0079] wherein .sub.2,corr is a corrected peripheral speed of the impeller of the compressor at its outlet section and D.sub.2 is a geometrical parameter of the impeller (external diameter).

[0080] The corrected peripheral speed derives from the following formula

[00002]$u_{2,\mathrm{corr}}=\sqrt{\frac{H_P}{}};$

[0081] wherein H.sub.P is the polytropic head and is the dimensionless polytropic head.

[0082] The polytropic head derives from the following formula:

[00003]$H_P=\frac{k}{k-1}.Math..Math.z_1.Math.R.Math.T_1.Math.\left(r^{\frac{k-1}{k.Math.}}-1\right);$

[0083] wherein is the polytropic efficiency of the compressor, given by the compressor map as a function of the dimensionless volumetric flow and the mach number Mu, r is the actual pressure ratio of the compressor i.e. the ratio between the gas pressure at the outlet of the compressor and the gas pressure at the inlet of the compressor

[00004]$\left(\frac{P_2}{P_1}\right),$

k is the ratio between the specific heat capacity at constant pressure of the gas at the inlet of the compressor and the specific heat capacity at constant volume of the gas at the inlet of the compressor

[00005]$\left(\frac{c_p}{c_v}\right),$

z.sub.1 is the compressibility factor of the gas at the inlet of the compressor,
z.sub.1 is the specific constant of the gas processed by the compressor, and T.sub.1 is the temperature of the gas at the inlet of the compressor.

[0084] The dimensionless volumetric flow derives from the following formula

[00006]$=\frac{m}{{}_1.Math.A_C.Math.u_2.Math.\left(\frac{D_M}{D_2}\right)};$

[0085] wherein m is the mass flow of the gas processed by the compressor, .sub.1 is the density of the gas at compressor's inlet conditions, A.sub.C is the gas flow area, .sub.2 is the peripheral speed of the impeller of the compressor at its outlet section

[00007]$.Math.\frac{D_2}{2}$

(i.e. wherein is the actual rotational speed of the compressor) and D.sub.M is a geometrical parameter of the compressor's impeller (impeller family diameter). It is to be noted that the above formula of the dimensionless volumetric flow contains the components of the volumetric flow Q of the gas processed by the compressor.

[0086] The mach number derives from the following formula

[00008]$\mathrm{Mu}=\frac{u_2}{c}.Math.\left(\frac{D_M}{D_2}\right);$

[0087] wherein c is the speed of sound calculated as {square root over (z.sub.1.Math.k.Math.R.Math.T.sub.1)}.

[0088] The dimensionless polytropic head derives from the following formula

[00009]$=\frac{H_P}{u_2^2}.$

[0089] The specific gas constant derives from the following formula

[00010]$\frac{\stackrel{\_}{R}}{\mathrm{MW}};$

[0090] wherein R is the gas constant (8.314 J.Math.K1.Math.mol1) and MW is the molecular weight of the gas processed by the compressor.

[0091] The molecular weight of the gas processed by the compressor may be estimated from compressor performance maps through the following formula:

[00011]$\mathrm{MW}=\frac{\frac{k}{k-1}.Math..Math.z_1.Math.\stackrel{\_}{R}.Math.T_1.Math.\left(r^{\frac{k-1}{k.Math.}}-1\right)}{H_P}$

[0092] FIG. 3 shows a general block diagram applicable to several embodiments of an improved synthesis plant, in particular to an ammonia improved synthesis plant.

[0093] Plant 1000 comprises: a rotary compressor 350, a rotary engine 360 driving the rotary compressor 350, and a control system 300.

[0094] Control system 300 is of the type comprising a first control subsystem and second control subsystem as, for example, the one shown in FIG. 2.

[0095] In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the shaft 361 of rotary engine 360 is mechanically directly connected to the shaft 351 of rotary compressor 350.

[0096] Compressor 350 has an inlet 352 for receiving an uncompressed gas mixture flow 38 and an outlet 353 for providing a compressed gas mixture flow 39.

[0097] Control system 300 has a first input 301 for receiving a suction pressure measure signal 31, a second input 302 for receiving a rotation speed measure signal 32, and an output 304 for providing a power control signal 34.

[0098] Output 304 is electrically connected to an input 362 being a power control input of engine 360; typically, by varying power, also rotation speed varies; therefore, engine 360 is a variable-speed rotary engine.

[0099] There is a pressure sensor 381 that is positioned and configured to monitor to uncompressed gas mixture flow 38 and electrically connected to input 301.

[0100] There is a rotation speed sensor 382 that is positioned and configured to monitor to shaft 351 and electrically connected to input 302.

[0101] Engine 360 is a steam turbine; alternatively, it may be, for example, a gas turbine or a (variable-speed) motor such as an electric motor. The use of a steam turbine in a synthesis plant heat is generated and a steam turbine allows to recycle some of this generated heat for a useful purpose, i.e. rotating the compressor.

[0102] Synthesis plant 1000 may comprise one or more further compressors. For example, two compressors may be fluidly connected in series and may be controlled by the same control system 300 through the same control signal or through the same measure signals.

[0103] Upstream compressor 350 there is a unit 370, for example a reformer (in particular a condensation reformer). In the embodiment of FIG. 3, an outlet 371 of unit 370 is fluidly and directly connected to inlet 352 of compressor 350.

[0104] It is to be noted that, due to the presence of unit 370, gas mixture 38 may sometimes vary its composition. This is particular the case if unit 370 is a condensation reformer.

[0105] Synthesis plant 1000 is a plant for producing ammonia. If the synthesis plant 1000 were licensed to perform the KBR ammonia process, then a purifier arrangement including a condensation reformer is typically placed upstream the synthesis gas compressor arrangement. Although the purifier arrangement would be configured to maintain the composition of the output gas mixture constant, it could do so only to a certain extent and not at all times for any operating condition of the plant, unless the synthesis plant 1000 was built or upgraded to include an embodiment of the new two-subsystem control system described, shown and claimed herein.

[0106] It is to be noted that compression of so-called syngas may be used in several synthesis processes, for example in order to synthetize ammonia, methanol, etc.

[0107] FIG. 6 shows a flow chart 600 of an embodiment of a method of controlling a rotary compressor, such as for example compressor 350 in FIG. 3, driven by a rotary engine, such as for example steam turbine 360 in FIG. 3.

[0108] Block 601 corresponds to the start of a control process.

[0109] Block 608 corresponds to the end of the control process.

[0110] The activities corresponding to blocks from 602 to 607 are cyclically repeated.

[0111] Block 602 corresponds to measuring a parameter of the rotary compressor indicating performance of the rotary compressor; in embodiment of FIG. 3 for example, sensor 381 measures a suction pressure of compressor 350.

[0112] Block 603 corresponds to measuring a rotation speed of the rotary compressor or the rotary engine; in embodiment of FIG. 3 for example, sensor 382 measures a rotation speed of a single shaft that is both a shaft 361 of steam turbine 360 and a shaft 351 of compressor 350.

[0113] Block 604 corresponds to generating a first control signal as a function of the performance parameter and the rotation speed; in embodiment of FIG. 3 for example, this activity is carried out by control system 300 internally thereto (see for example FIG. 2).

[0114] Block 605 corresponds to generating a second control signal as a function of the performance parameter; in embodiment of FIG. 3 for example, this activity is carried out by control system 300 internally thereto (see for example FIG. 2).

[0115] Block 606 corresponds to generating a third control signal by selecting between the first control signal and the second control signal; in embodiment of FIG. 3 for example, this activity is carried out by control system 300 internally thereto (see for example FIG. 2).

[0116] Block 607 corresponds to providing the third control signal to control input terminals of the rotary engine; in embodiment of FIG. 3 for example, this activity corresponds to electrically connecting output terminals 304 of control system 300 to control terminals 362 of steam turbine 360.

[0117] As explained previously, the second control signal may be selected based on one or more of at least the following criteria: [0118] an absolute value of a difference between said first measure signal and a performance setpoint exceeds a first threshold value, [0119] an absolute value of a derivative of a difference between said first measure signal and a performance setpoint exceeds a second threshold value.

[0120] Other functionalities of the novel and inventive control method correspond to components of the novel and inventive control system.

[0121] This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the preferred embodiments, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.