INTEGRATED DEVICE FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICITY, BIODIESEL, HYDROXY METHYL FURFURAL HMF, AND CHAR COAL FROM WASTE (SEWAGE, DOMESTIC DISPOSALS, AGRICULTURAL WASTES)

Abstract

A device for producing energy from waste including a power generator, a digester, and .a generator utilizing biodiesel, active coal, tar, and ashes. The latter includes a purification chamber, a gas generator, a radiator, a compressor, and a reactor. The device includes an HMF producer comprising a primary treatment tank, a pump, a reactor, an extractor and a purification tank. The power generator may be at least one of a diesel motor, a gas turbine and steam cycle. The digester is structured to produce biogas.

Claims

1. (canceled)

2. (canceled)

3. (canceled)

4. (canceled)

5. (canceled)

6. (canceled)

7. (canceled)

8. (canceled)

9. (canceled)

10. (canceled)

11. (canceled)

12. A device for producing energy from waste comprising: a power generator; a digester; a biodiesel, active coal, tar, and ashes generator comprising a purification chamber, a gas generator, a radiator, a compressor, and a reactor; an HMF producer comprising a primary treatment tank, a pump, a reactor, an extractor and a purification tank; wherein the power generator may be at least one of a diesel motor, a gas turbine and steam cycle; and wherein the digester is configured to produce biogas.

13. The device according to claim 1, wherein the digester comprises an assembly of twelve chambers.

14. The device according to claim 2 wherein the chambers comprise the purification path of syngas; and wherein the chambers are filled with catalytic agents including dolomite in 4 chambers, eggshell in three chambers, active coal in two chambers, ashes in two chambers, and sand in one chamber; and wherein the syngas is used in a heating digestion compartment.

15. The device according to claim 1 wherein hot exhaust gases, produced in the power generator, are supplied by the gas generator to convert biomass into gases.

16. The device according to claim 1 wherein hot syngas is configured to be removed from the chamber and cooled by a primary treatment tank comprising two types of liquids; and wherein the two types of liquids are diluted aqueous acid solution of 3% volume and DMSO; and wherein the DMSO is a solvent with 1% mass of a chromium chloride catalyst agent.

17. The device according to claim 1 wherein the device is configured to remove hot syngas from the chamber; and wherein the hot syngas is configured to heat the primary treatment tank to accomplish hydrolysis for agricultural waste; and wherein the hydrolysis may comprise diluted aqueous acid solution of 3% volume at 180 C. for four to six hours; and wherein the device is configured to convert produced glucose into fructose by stirring the glucose with DMSO; and wherein the DMSO is configured as a solvent comprising 1 liter of DMSO/0.8 kg glucose with 1% of chromium chloride as a catalyst agent.

18. The device according to any of claims 1 wherein the device is configured to remove the initially cooled syngas from the primary treatment tank for cooling in the radiator; and wherein the device is configured to cool the syngas to condense tar therefrom and process it as fuel for the power generator.

19. The device according to claim 1 wherein the device is configured to move cooled syngas to the compressor for compressing it to 25 bar thereby increasing its temperature to 300 C.; and wherein the device is configured to prepare the syngas for a Fischer-Tropsch process; and wherein the device is configured to move the compressed syngas to the reactor at 25 bar and 300 C. with 75% silicon carbide, 20% cobalt, and 5% calcium as a catalyst agent.

20. The device according to claim 1 wherein the device is configured to produce a mixture comprising the remaining waste, DMSO, fructose, and catalyst agent; and wherein the remaining waste, DMSO, fructose, and catalyst agent is removed from the primary treatment tank to the reactor by using a pump; and wherein the device is configured to produce HMF by heating the mixture to 120 C. or 250 C. in the reactor for at least one of 2 hours and fifteen minutes respectively.

21. The device according to claim 9 wherein the device is configured to move the solution to the purification tank which contains active coal for adsorption of DMSO; and wherein the device is configured to subsequently filter LHMF from the bottom of the purification tank with an absorption ratio of active coal to DMSO of 10 g:50 ml.

22. The device according to claim 10 wherein the device is configured to heat the purification tank to 192 C. for the evaporation of DMSO after the extraction of DMSO from the purification tank; and wherein the device is configured to move the resulting steam to the radiator to intensify the steam for recaptured DMSO for later use.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the invention illustrating four integrated aspects.

[0016] FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a digester illustrated in FIG. 1 indicates the unique design of digester with purification chamber of syngas.

[0017] FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating the flow of material to and from each component of the invention illustrated in FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] Referring to FIGS. 1-3, Digester 1 contains sewage within circumstances of diluted acid and temperature of 35-45 C. of anaerobic digestion and the production of biogas after a digestion period of 15-20 days. This can be used as fuel for power generator 3. The power generator 3 produces electrical power being the first product of the device, and also produces exhaust that is used to provide gas generator 2 with heat and gases with oxygen as indicated in FIG. 1. Gas generator 2 is provided with household waste and the rest of the digestion process, as well as the rest of the agricultural waste treatment process and what is obtained from extractor 7. Gas generator 2 Gas produces active coal and ashes representing the second and third products of this invention, and also produces syngas. Syngas is purified in chambers surrounding digester 1 for heating purposes, as such chambers contain the dolomite, eggshell, charcoal, ashes, sand to separate tar being the fourth product of this device. Purified syngas is cooled in two phases, the first of which is done in primary treatment tank 9 to convert the agricultural cellulosic waste into glucose during the hydrolysis for four hours in diluted hydrochloric acid solution at 3%. The second phase of syngas cooling is done in radiator 4. About half of the syngas after cooling is provided to power generator 3, while the rest is compressed to 25 bar, heated to 300 C. through compressor 11 and then moved to reactor 6 in presence of silicon carbide-calcium-cobalt as a catalyst for the conversion of syngas into biodiesel being the fifth product of this device. The glucose produced during the hydrolysis of agricultural cellulosic waste is melted by adding DMSO to this glucose in primary treatment tank 9 and mixing this mixture for an hour in presence of chromic chloride to convert this glucose into fructose. This mixture is composed of DMSO, glucose, fructose and chromic chloride. The unconverted biomass is pumped through primary treatment tank 9 through pump 10 to reactor 6 for the production of HMF being the sixth product by heating this mixture at 120 C. or 250 C. for two hours or fifteen minutes, respectively, through the use of the above-mentioned compressed syngas. The new resulted product, which is HMF, DMSO, chromic chloride and unconverted biomass, is first poured into extractor 7 to separate the remaining biomass and then supply the residue to gas generator 2, and second to purification tank 8 filled with active coal to adsorb the solvent DMSO and extract the purified HMF being the sixth product of this invention.

[0019] Also, purification tank 8 is heated to 192 C. to evaporate the solvent DMSO, then this steam is condensed in radiator 5.

[0020] With reference to FIG. 2, there are 3D details of the unique design of digester 1. This design is based on the execution of the principle of downsizing this part. It contains upper cover 12, which can be used as cover of chamber 13 and digestion area 15. It is also equipped with holes for refilling with sewage and removal of produced biogas, holes for measurement and security and a tool to flip sewage inside the digester. Chamber 13 is arranged to form digestion area 15 and is considered as cleaning passages of syngas filled with dolomite, egg shell, active coal, ashes and sand as catalytic agents. Syngas is also used to heat up digestion area 15. The syngas, together with the remaining part after digestion, can be removed through control valves 14.

[0021] FIG. 3 depicts the substance flow scheme to confirm different types of methods as previously showed in FIG. 1 as follows:

[0022] The present device can be divided into four parts; the first which can be called electrical power producer, which comprises power generator 3, while the second part can be called biogas producer and comprises digester 1. The third part can be called generator of biodiesel, active coal, tar and ashes and comprises purification chamber 14, gas generator 2, radiator 4, compressor 11 and reactor 6. The fourth part is called HMF Producer and contains primary treatment tank 9, pump 10, reactor 6, extractor 7 and purification tank 8.

[0023] Referencing FIG. 3, the substances entering into the first part are air and fuel (biogas or syngas from the second and third parts, respectively) for the production of electrical power and hot exhaust gases. The substances entering into the second part are sewage waste and heat (from the third part) and acid solution (to adjust PH of digestion) for the production of biogas as fuel of the first part. The substances entering into the third part are air and exhaust gases for the conversion into gases (from the first part), household waste and silicon carbide, cobalt, calcium as a catalytic agent (for the Fischer-Tropsch process) and the rest of the second and fourth parts for the production of active coal, ashes and biodiesel. The fourth part receives heat (from compressed air in third part) and diluted aqueous acid solution 3%, DMSO as solvent, chromic chloride as a catalytic agent, and active coal to purify produced HMF.

[0024] As indicated in FIG. 3, for a complete understanding of the entire device, the colored paths shall be followed, as follows:

[0025] Black paths as main entries: [0026] Sewage of digester 1 [0027] Household waste of gas generator 3 [0028] Remaining part from digester 1 to gas generator 3 [0029] Remaining part from extractor 7 to gas generator 3 [0030] Agricultural waste of primary treatment tank 9

[0031] Main products: [0032] Electrical power (first product) from power generator 3 [0033] Active coal and ashes (second and third product respectively) from gas generator 3 [0034] Tar (fourth product) from radiator 4 [0035] Biodiesel (fifth product) from reactor 6 [0036] HMF (sixth product) from reactor 6

[0037] Orange paths of intermediary processes for gases: [0038] Biogas is produced in digester 1 and then supplied to power generator 3 as fuel. [0039] Hot exhaust gases are produced in power generator 3 and then supplied to gas generator 2 to convert the biomass into gases. [0040] Syngas is generated during the biomass conversion into gases in gas generator 2. The gas is then supplied to chamber 13, not only to clean syngas from impurities in the presence of dolomite, eggshell, active coal, ashes and sand as catalytic agents, but also to heat up the digester solution to accelerate the digestion in digester 1. [0041] Hot syngas is moved out from chamber 13 to be initially cooled during passage through primary treatment tank 9 through two types of liquids, which are diluted aqueous acid solution 3% and DMSO as solvent in the presence of 1% of mass of chromic chloride as a catalytic agent. [0042] Initially cooled syngas is removed from primary treatment tank 9 to be cooled in radiator 4 to increase tar in syngas to prepare such gases for the compression process or use the same as fuel for power generator 3. [0043] Cooled syngas is supplied to compressor 11 to be compressed to 25 bar. As a result of such compression, the temperature of syngas increases up to 300 C. to prepare the same for the Fischer-Tropsch process (conversion of syngas into liquid biodiesel in presence of a catalytic agent) in reactor 6. [0044] Compressed syngas is supplied to reactor 6 at 25 bar and 300 C. in presence of 75% of silicon carbide20% of cobalt5% of calcium as a catalytic agent for the production of biodiesel.

[0045] Blue paths of intermediary processes for liquids: [0046] Hot syngas is removed from chamber 13 for the purpose of heating primary treatment tank 9 to achieve the hydrolysis of agricultural wastes (conversion of cellulosic substances into glucose) in presence of diluted aqueous acid solution 3% at 180 C. for a period of four to six hours, and the conversion of produced glucose to fructose through strong flipping of such glucose with DMSO as solvent (1 liter of DMSO/0.8 kg of glucose) in presence of 1% of chromic chloride as a catalytic agent at 90 C. for one hour. [0047] The mixture resulting from the previous process is composed of the rest of waste, DMSO, fructose and a catalytic agent. In addition, such mixture is removed from primary treatment tank 9 to reactor 6 by using pump 10 for the production of HMF through heating this mixture to 120 C. or 250 C. for two hours or fifteen minutes, respectively, in reactor 6, through compressed and hot syngas. [0048] Mixtures previously produced in reactor 6 are consisting of the rest of the waste, DMSO, HMF and a catalytic agent, which is poured into extractor 7, to separate remaining agricultural wastes and generate solution from DMSO, HMF and a catalytic agent. [0049] For the purification of HMF, the previous solution is moved to purification tank 8 which contains active coal to adsorb DMSO and, consequently, remove purified HMF from the bottom of such tank. [0050] After obtaining DMSO from purification tank 8 with the presence of active coal and adsorbed DMSO, it can be heated up to 192 C. to evaporate DMSO and then supply resulting steam to radiator 5 to increase such steam and, as such, recapture DMSO for later use.

[0051] Digester 1 contains the sewage present in diluted acid and temperature of 35-45 C. of anaerobic digestion and the production of biogas after a digestion period of 15-20 days, which can be used as fuel for power generator 3. Power generator 3 produces electrical power being the first product of the device, and also produces exhaust that is used to supply gas generator 2 with heat and gases with oxygen. Gas generator 2 is supplied with household waste and the rest of digestion process, and the rest of the agricultural waste treatment process which is obtained from extractor 7. Gas generator 2 produces active coal and ashes as second and third products of this invention, and also produces syngas. Syngas is purified in chambers surrounding digester 1 to be heated, as such chambers contain dolomite, eggshell, charcoal, ashes, and sand to separate tar being the fourth product from this device. Meanwhile, purified syngas is cooled in two phases; the first phase is done in primary treatment tank 9 to convert the agricultural cellulosic wastes into glucose during the hydrolysis for 4 hours in diluted hydrochloric acid solution at 3%. The second phase of syngas cooling is done in radiator 4. About half the syngas after cooling is supplied to power generator 3, while the rest is compressed to 25 bar, heated to 300 C. through compressor 11 and then moved to reactor 6 in the presence of silicon carbide-calcium-cobalt as a catalyst for the conversion of syngas into biodiesel being the fifth product of this device. Furthermore, the glucose produced during the hydrolysis of agricultural cellulosic waste is dissolved by the addition of DMSO to the glucose in primary treatment tank 9 and stirring the mixture for an hour in the presence of chromic chloride to convert glucose into fructose. This mixture comprises of DMSO, glucose, fructose and chromic chloride. The unconverted biomass is pumped through primary treatment tank 9 to reactor 6 by pump 10 for the production of HMF being the sixth product through heating mixture at 120 C. or 250 C. for two hours or fifteen minutes, respectively, by the use of the above-mentioned compressed syngas. The resulting product, which is HMF, DMSO, chromic chloride and unconverted biomass, is first poured into extractor 7 to separate the remaining biomass and then the residue is supplied first to gas generator 2, and second to purification tank 8 filled with active coal to adsorb the solvent DMSO and extract the purified HMF being the sixth product of this invention. Purification tank 8 is heated to 192 C. to evaporate the solvent DMSO, and then such steam is intensified in radiator 5.