Abstract
In summary, the invention concerns a mold frame for the production of molded pieces, comprising: at least one mold cavity, the at least one mold cavity being defined by a plurality of mold walls, wherein at least one mold wall of the mold cavity is a mold wall that is displaceably attached to the mold frame.
Claims
1. A mold frame for producing molded pieces, comprising: at least one mold cavity, the at least one mold cavity being defined by a plurality of mold walls, wherein at least one mold wall of the mold cavity is a mold wall that is displaceably attached to the mold frame.
2. The mold frame according to claim 1, wherein the at least one displaceable mold wall is pivotably attached to the mold frame by a multiple hinge guide.
3. The mold frame according to claim 1, wherein the at least one mold wall is slidably attached to the mold frame.
4. The mold frame according to claim 1, wherein the displaceable mold wall is structured.
5. The mold frame according to claim 1, wherein the displaceable mold wall in the operating position is inclined, at least in part, relative to the vertical.
6. The mold frame according to claim 2, wherein the multiple hinge guide connects the displaceable mold wall to a supporting wall of the mold frame such that the displaceable mold wall can be pivoted substantially in parallel to the supporting wall.
7. The mold frame according to claim 1, wherein the mold frame is displaceable in a vertical direction and the at least one mold cavity is open at the top and at the bottom, and wherein a mold bottom is formed by a portion of a bottom member when the mold frame rests on the bottom member.
8. The mold frame according to claim 1, wherein the mold frame includes a grid structure with grid gaps that form a plurality of mold cavities and at least one mold cavity comprises at least one pivotable mold wall.
9. The mold frame according to claim 1, wherein the at least one displaceable mold wall is replaceable.
10. The mold frame according to claim 1, wherein the at least one displaceable mold wall is coated with a non-stick coating.
11. The mold frame according to claim 2, wherein the multiple hinge guide comprises two pivot levers.
12. The mold frame according to claim 2, wherein the multiple hinge guide comprises a shaft and/or a gear system and/or a cable pull system.
13. The mold frame according to claim 1, wherein the at least one mold cavity comprises at least two, at least three, or at least four displaceable mold walls.
14. The mold frame according to claim 1, wherein the mold frame comprises at least two displaceable mold walls that are arranged opposite or adjacent to each other.
15. The mold frame according to claim 1, wherein the mold wall is pretensioned substantially in the direction of the mold frame.
16. The mold frame according to claim 6, further comprising a cover that is useable to close an upper region located between the displaceable mold wall and the supporting wall during a process of filling the mold cavity.
17. Use of a mold frame according to claim 1 for molding molded pieces having at least one side wall which is structured and/or inclined, at least in part, to the vertical.
18. A mold wall system for retrofitting a mold frame for the production of molded pieces having at least one side wall which is structured and/or inclined, at least in part, to the vertical, comprising: a mold wall having a mold surface which, in an operating position, is at least structured and/or inclined in part to the vertical; and a displacement device which displaceably connects the mold wall to a mold frame.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
[0074] FIG. 1 shows a top view of a mold frame;
[0075] FIG. 2 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of a mold frame in a first position;
[0076] FIG. 3 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of a mold frame in a second position;
[0077] FIG. 4 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of a mold frame in a third position and a molded piece;
[0078] FIG. 5 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of a mold frame in a fourth position and a molded piece;
[0079] FIG. 6 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of a mold frame in a first position and a molded piece;
[0080] FIG. 7 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of a mold frame in a first position, the mold frame being attached to a support wall of the mold frame via an upper long pivot lever and a lower short pivot lever;
[0081] FIG. 8 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of a mold frame of FIG. 7 in a second position;
[0082] FIG. 9 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of a mold frame of FIG. 7 in a third position;
[0083] FIG. 10 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of a mold frame in an operating position resp. third position, the pivot levers being at an angle (A) to the support wall;
[0084] FIG. 11 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of a mold frame of FIG. 10 in a second position, the pivot levers being at an angle (C) to the support wall;
[0085] FIG. 12 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of the mold frame in an operating position, the side of the support wall to which the multiple joint guide is attached being formed conically at an angle (B);
[0086] FIG. 13 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of the mold frame of FIG. 12 in a raised position;
[0087] FIG. 14 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of the mold frame of a further embodiment in an operating position, a mold wall being displaceable relative to a supporting wall by means of at least one guide element and at least one oblong hole;
[0088] FIG. 15 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of the mold frame of FIG. 14 in a raised position;
[0089] FIG. 16 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of a mold frame of a further embodiment in an operating position, a mold wall being displaceable relative to a supporting wall by means of at least one guide element and at least one oblong hole;
[0090] FIG. 17 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of a mold frame of FIG. 16 in a raised position;
[0091] FIG. 18 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of a mold frame of a further embodiment in an operating position, the mold wall being displaceable relative to a supporting wall by means of at least one guide element and at least one oblong hole and the at least one oblong hole comprising a vertical and an inclined component;
[0092] FIG. 19 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of a mold frame of FIG. 18 in a raised position; and
[0093] FIG. 20 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of a mold frame of FIG. 18 in a further raised position.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0094] FIG. 1 is a top view of a schematically shown mold frame 1. The mold frame 1 has a grid-like structure with a plurality of grid cells. A grid cell is bounded resp. delimited by four supporting walls 11. Each grid cell can comprise a mold cavity 7 with at least one structured and/or embossed mold wall 9 and/or a mold wall 9 which is not at a right angle to a bottom element resp. is inclined from the vertical at least in certain areas resp. parts. A mold frame 1 comprises at least one mold cavity 7, the at least one mold cavity 7 comprising at least one pivotable mold wall 9. FIG. 1 shows a mold frame 1 with a plurality of mold cavities 7, wherein different exemplary configurations of individual mold cavities 7 are shown.
[0095] The mold cavity 7a is delimited, among other things, by three rigid and flat resp. smooth mold walls. The three mold walls correspond to three of the four supporting walls 11 of the mold frame, which form a grid cell. The fourth mold wall of mold cavity 7a is a pivotable mold wall which is attached to the fourth support wall 11 of mold frame 1 via a multiple joint guide 5. Together, the multiple joint guide 5 and the pivotable mold wall 9 form a mold wall system 3. A molded piece 19 (not shown in FIG. 1), which is formed resp. molded in the mold cavity 7a, thus has a structured resp. embossed and/or at least partially beveled side wall and three flat vertical side walls.
[0096] There is also shown a mold cavity 7b, which comprises two opposing pivotable mold walls 9. The two pivotable form walls 9 are each attached to two opposing support walls 11 via a multiple joint guide 5. The two further mold walls of the mold cavity 7b correspond to the two further support walls 11 of the mold frame 1. A molded piece 19 (not shown in FIG. 1), which is formed in a mold cavity 7 that corresponds to the mold cavity 7b, has two opposite structured and/or embossed and/or at least partially inclined resp. non-vertical side walls.
[0097] Mold cavity 7c shows a mold cavity 7 having two pivotable mold walls 9 arranged at right angles to each other. The two further mold walls correspond to the two further supporting walls 11 of mold frame 1. A molded piece 19 (not shown in FIG. 1), which is formed in the mold cavity 7c, has two adjacent structured and/or embossed and/or at least partially inclined resp. non-vertical side walls.
[0098] Mold cavity 7d shows a mold cavity 7 with three pivotable mold walls 9. The three pivotable mold walls 9 are arranged at three of the four support walls 11 via multiple joint guides 5, respectively. A molded piece 19 (not shown in FIG. 1), which is formed in the mold cavity 7d, has three structured and/or embossed and/or at least in some areas inclined resp. non-vertical side walls and a smooth or flat side wall.
[0099] Mold cavity 7e comprises four pivotable mold walls 9. Each of the four pivotable mold walls 9 is attached to a respective one of the four support walls 11 via a multiple joint guide 5. A molded piece 19 (not shown in FIG. 1), which is formed in the mold cavity 7e, has four structured and/or embossed and/or at least partially inclined resp. non-vertical side walls.
[0100] Mold cavities 7f correspond to a plurality of mold nests 7 arranged side by side, each comprising three rigid and flat resp. smooth mold walls, the rigid mold walls each being support walls 11 of the mold frame 1. The fourth mold wall of each mold cavity 7f is a pivotable mold wall 9, which extends over the entire length of the plurality of mold cavities 7f arranged next to each other. The pivotable mold wall 9 is connected via a multiple joint guide 5 to at least one support wall 11, wherein the at least one support wall 11 is a support wall 11 which is a fourth support wall of one of the grid cells comprising the mold cavities 7f. FIG. 1 shows an example of a pivotable mold wall 9 extending across four grid cells arranged next to each other and thus four mold cavities 7 arranged next to each other. However, a pivotable mold wall can also extend across two grid cells or mold cavities 7 arranged next to each other. A pivotable mold wall 9 can also extend across a plurality of grid cells or mold cavities 7 arranged next to one another, the plurality of grid cells or mold cavities 7 arranged next to one another being smaller than the number of mold cavities 7 or grid cells arranged next to one another of a side length of mold frame 1.
[0101] 3 may be mounted on a support wall 11 if the two form wall systems 3 are in adjacent grid cells of the mold frame 1 and are mounted on one side of each support wall 11.
[0102] A mold frame 1 may also have any combination of the abovementioned configurations.
[0103] FIG. 2 is a cross-section of the side view of a section of the mold frame 1. The Fig. shows a supporting wall 11 of the mold frame 1, a bottom element 13 and a mold wall system consisting of a multiple joint guide 5 and a pivotable mold wall 9 arranged in a first upper position above the bottom element 13. The multiple joint guide 5 shown here comprises two levers resp. pivot elements resp. pivot levers 17, each connecting the pivotable mold wall 9 with the support wall 11 of mold frame 1 via pivot joints 15.
[0104] In this example, the pivot elements 17 have a same length. Therefore the multiple joint guide 5 can also be referred to as a parallelogram guide. In this specific case, the pivotable mold wall 9 is pivoted in such a way that the pivotable mold wall 9 always pivots parallel to the support wall 11. The pivotable mold wall 9 is arranged in a first lower position with respect to the support wall 11. The position of the mold frame 1 shown in FIG. 1 corresponds to the position in which a molded piece has already been demolded after a molding process. There is also shown schematically a further supporting wall 11, which is arranged essentially at a right angle to the supporting wall 11, at which the pivoting forming wall 9 is mounted.
[0105] FIG. 3 shows the cross-section of FIG. 2, wherein the mold wall system 3 is moved vertically downwards to a second position, so that the lower edge of the pivotable mold wall 9 is in contact with the surface of the bottom element 13. Because the mold frame 1 has been displaced further downward in the vertical direction, the pivotable mold wall 9, when compared with FIG. 1, is partially parallel in relation to the support wall 11 in the direction of the mold cavity 7 to be formed. In other words, when compared with FIG. 2, the pivotable mold wall 9 is moved parallel to and away from the support wall 11 along the bottom element 13 by a further lowering of the mold frame. The distance between the upper edge of the pivotable mold wall 9 and a cover 21 is smaller resp. shorter than in FIG. 2.
[0106] FIG. 4 shows the cross-section of FIG. 2 with the mold frame in a third position and the support wall 11 being in ain vertical directionlowest position. As a result, the pivotable mold wall 9 has the greatest possible distance to the support wall 11, the distance essentially corresponding to the length of the pivot levers 17 of the multiple joint guide 5. The upper edge of the pivotable mold wall 9 is flush with the cover 21. The lower edge of the pivotable mold wall 9 closes off with the bottom element 13. The mold space resp. cavity is filled with a molding material which forms a molded piece 19.
[0107] The support wall 11 can be designed such that when a pivotable mold wall 9 is flush with the bottom element 13, the lower edge of the support wall 11, to which a pivotable mold wall 9 is attached, either rests with the entire lower edge or over the entire lower end of the support wall 11 on the bottom element 13 or only a part of the support wall rests. It is also possible that the support wall 11 does not touch the bottom element 13.
[0108] FIG. 4 also shows that the contact area between the cover 21 and the upper edge of the pivotable mold wall 9 is as small as possible. This is solved by either the contact area of the cover 21 being formed with a pointed shape. However, it is also possible that the upper edge of the pivotable mold wall 9 is formed with a pointed shape or that both the contact area of the cover 21 and the upper edge of the pivotable mold wall 9 are formed with a pointed shape. However, the contact between the cover 21 and the upper edge of the pivotable mold wall 9 must not be too small in order to avoid excessive wear and deformation of the contact surface due to vibration and heavy loads.
[0109] FIG. 5 shows the cross-section of FIG. 2 with the mold frame 1 being shown partly lifted upwards for demolding. By the upward movement of the mold frame 1, a flat resp. smooth side section of the cover 21 is moved vertically along the molded piece 19, whereby an upper part of the molded piece 19 is already exposed. Likewise, the supporting wall 11 is displaced upwards by the upward movement of the mold frame 1, so that a lower area of the molded piece 19 is partially exposed.
[0110] In FIG. 6, the position of the mold frame is similar to the one of FIG. 2. The support wall 1, the multiple joint guide 5 and the pivotable mold wall 9 are lifted in the first upper position. Thus, the pivotable mold wall 9 is displaced downwards parallel to the support wall 11 over an arc-shaped path. This creates the greatest possible distance between the pivotable mold wall 9 and the corresponding side wall of the molded piece 19 facing it. This allows the mold frame 1 to be safely lifted further so that the molded piece 19 can be removed resp. be transported further. Preferably, the pivotable movement of the pivotable mold wall 9 can be stopped by a stopper not shown in FIG. 6. Without such a stopper, the pivotable mold wall 9 would be resp. would rest on the production base resp. the bottom element 13. Such a stopper is also preferred, as with it an angle C (as shown in FIG. 11) does not become smaller than 0 degrees.
[0111] FIG. 7 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of a mold frame 1 in a first position, wherein the mold frame 1 is attached to a support wall 11 of mold frame 1 by means of an upper long pivot element 17a and a lower short pivot element 17b. The first position of the mold frame 1 corresponds to the position at which the mold cavities 7 of the mold frame 1 can be filled. In the exemplary illustration in FIG. 7, the pivoting shaped wall 9 is essentially parallel to the supporting wall 11 and with the bottom edge connects to the bottom element 13.
[0112] FIG. 8 shows the cross-section of FIG. 7, wherein the mold frame 1 is partially vertically displaced upwards in a second position for demolding. Due to gravity, the pivotable mold wall 9 pivots vertically downwards and pivots horizontally in the direction of the support wall 11 to which the pivotable mold wall 9 is attached. In addition, the pivotable mold wall 9 tilts relative to the support wall 11 or relative to the bottom element 13, since the pivot elements of different lengths 17a, 17b each describe circular paths of different sizes with radii corresponding to the lengths of the pivot elements 17a, 17b.
[0113] FIG. 9 shows a cross-section of FIG. 7, wherein the mold frame 1 is moved vertically to a third position above the bottom element 13, so that the pivotable mold wall 9 no longer contacts the bottom element 13. Due to the shorter lower pivot element 17b and the longer upper pivot element 17a, the pivotable mold wall 9 can be pivoted in the direction towards the multiple joint guide 5 resp. the support wall 11 and away from the mold cavity 7.
[0114] FIG. 10 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of a mold frame 1 in an operating position resp. third position, whereby the pivot levers 17 are arranged at an angle A to the support wall 11. In other words, the pivoted levers 17 shown in FIG. 10 are arranged at an angle of approximately 90 degrees with regard to the side of support wall 11 to which the pivoting elements 17 are attached to support wall 11. The pivot levers 17 are aligned parallel to the bottom element 13.
[0115] In an operating position of the mold frame 1 the lever arms 17 may preferably have an angle A of 90 degrees or more, but preferably at least an angle of 80 to 85 degrees, with respect to the support wall 11 to which the lever arms 17 are attached. The angle A can depend on the lengths of the lever arms 17. For example, angle A can be 80 degrees for short lever arms 17. On the other hand, it is preferred for longer lever arms 17 that the angle A is not less than 85 degrees, since as soon as the angle A is less than 90 degrees, the forming wall 9 must be moved against the forming piece 19 during demolding, which can lead to an increase in force transmission between the forming piece 19 and the forming wall 9.
[0116] FIG. 11 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of the mold frame 1 of FIG. 10, wherein the mold frame 1 is raised. Due to gravity, the mold wall 9 is pivoted downwards in relation to the mold frame resp. the mold wall 9 rests against the bottom element 13 and is additionally displaced with a horizontal component towards the support wall 11, to which the mold wall 9 is attached. This position of the mold frame 1 resp. the mold wall 9 corresponds to the position at which the molded piece 19 has essentially been demolded. The angle C shown in FIG. 11 is the angle between the orientations of the pivot lever 17, which is inclined downwards due to gravity, and the vertical. Preferably, the angle C is always greater than 0 degrees. Even more preferably, the angle C is greater than 10 degrees. This applies to vertical mold walls as well as inclined mold walls.
[0117] FIG. 12 shows another exemplary embodiment of a mold frame 1 for the production of molded pieces 19 having at least one side wall. The at least one side wall is structured and/or inclined to the vertical at least in some areas. FIG. 12 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of the mold frame in an operating position. In the operating position, the side of the support wall to which the multiple joint guide 5 is attached is conical at an angle B. The pivot elements 17 are of equal length, so that the molded piece 19 runs at least the side of the molded piece 19, which is delimited by the pivotable molding wall 9, essentially at an angle from top to bottom towards the center of the molded piece 19 when viewed from the bottom element 13. In other words, the shape of the molded piece 19 tapers downwards towards the bottom element 13.
[0118] Similar to angle A from FIG. 10, the angle enclosed with the inner side of the support wall 11 is about 90 degrees. The angle B to the horizontal shown in FIG. 12 essentially corresponds to the inclination of the inner side of the support wall 11, i.e. the inclination of the pivot element 17 relative to the vertical in the earth's reference system. In the position shown in FIG. 12, the mold wall 9 moves slightly horizontally in the direction of the molded block 19 during stripping; if the angle B is too large, in extreme cases the block 19 cannot be stripped or is destroyed.
[0119] FIG. 13 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of the mold frame of FIG. 12 in a raised position. In this position of the mold frame 1, the molded piece 19 is demolded. As shown for embodiment in FIG. 11, the angle C preferably is always greater than 0 degrees. Preferably the angle is equal to or greater than 10 degrees.
[0120] FIG. 14 is another exemplary embodiment of a mold frame 1 for the production of molded pieces 19 which have at least one side wall which is structured and/or at least in some areas inclined to the vertical. The exemplary embodiment shown here in FIG. 14 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of the mold frame 1 of a further embodiment in an operating position, a mold wall 9 being displaceable resp. moveable in relation to a support wall 11 by means of at least one guide element 25 and at least one oblong hole 23 resp. at least one groove 23. The support wall 11 is designed such that the mold wall 9 is connected to the support wall 11 via an oblong hole 23 resp. a groove 23 by means of a guide element 25 resp. a bolt 25. The supporting wall 11 shown is inclined upwards with respect to the vertical in the direction of the mold cavity 7. The mold wall 9 attached to the oblong hole 23 of the support wall 11 by means of bolts 25 resp. the guide element 25 is designed in such a way that the side of the mold wall 9 facing the molded piece 19 is essentially vertical.
[0121] FIG. 15 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of the molding frame of FIG. 14 in a raised position, wherein the molding 9 has been removed. Due to gravity, the mold wall is displaced downwards in the vertical direction by means of the at least one guide element 25 along the at least one oblong hole 23 and thus still rests on the bottom element 13, but is displaced in comparison to the position shown in FIG. 14 by a horizontal component in a direction away from the molded piece 19. This makes it possible to move the mold frame 1 further upwards horizontally without the mold wall 9 coming into contact with the molded piece 19 and the molded piece 19 being damaged resp. destroyed in the process.
[0122] FIG. 16 shows a further embodiment of a mold frame 1 for the production of molded pieces 19 which have at least one side wall, the side wall being structured and/or inclined at least in some areas to the vertical. FIG. 16 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of a mold frame 1 of a further embodiment in an operating position, wherein, similar to the embodiment in FIGS. 14 and 15, a mold wall 9 can be displaced in relation to a supporting wall 11 by means of at least one guide element 25 and at least one oblong hole 23.
[0123] Similar to FIG. 15, FIG. 17 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of the mold frame 1 of FIG. 16 in a raised position, where the molded piece 9 has been demolded.
[0124] With the oblong hole resp. groove variants described above, the guiding is not required to be performed within a groove 23. It is also conceivable to provide several grooves 23 into which the bolts 25 resp. the guide elements 25 engage.
[0125] In both exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 14 to 17, any angle is possible, with an angle of 45 degrees between the at least one groove 23 and the vertical being preferred. Further preferred an angle between the at least one groove 23 and the vertical is 30 degrees.
[0126] With mold walls 9 which cannot be pivoted, but are guided in grooves or oblong holes 23 (FIGS. 14 to 17), the sequence of movement is a linear function. This means that with large angles of inclination of the oblong holes 23, the mold wall 9 may open during production due to vibration forces, as the entire mold frame 1 can lift off from the bottom element 13. There is a linear dependence on the angle of inclination or inclination of the oblong holes 23 with respect to the vertical. If the mold wall 9 opens, the top of the mold wall 9 no longer closes correctly towards the bottom edge of the cover 21. With pivotable mold walls 9, the opening dimension is not a linear function, but a sine function. This means that, depending on the joint length, mold frame 1 shows a better closure during operation of the concrete block molding machine as compared to the inclined oblong holes 23, but if the inclination of the oblong holes 23 is very steep towards the vertical, the mold flap can only open slightly. However, this can have the disadvantage that with a large/deep stone profiling a high path in vertical direction and also in horizontal direction may be necessary. This is therefore not possible with low mold heights. Therefore, a combination of a vertical and an inclined or tilted guide path resp. an inclined slot 23 can be advantageous. This avoids all the disadvantages described above. In the same way, the guide path resp. the oblong hole(s) 23 could also form a circular arc track, which is equivalent to an articulated guide.
[0127] FIG. 18 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of a mold frame 1 in an operating position resp. third position, the oblong holes 23 having a substantially vertical and an inclined component.
[0128] FIG. 19 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of a mold frame 1 in a raised position, wherein similar to FIG. 18 the oblong holes 23 have a substantially vertical and an inclined component. The shown combination of a vertical and an inclined oblong hole 23 can be advantageous here, because in case of strong vibrations during operation, the mold frame 1 can lift off from the bottom element 13 due to the vibrations, but without the mold wall 9 being displaced neither in a horizontal nor in a vertical direction.
[0129] FIG. 20 shows a lateral cross-section through a section of a mold frame 1 in an advanced raised position. Compared to mold wall 9 of FIGS. 18 and 19, mold wall 9 is displaced by both a vertical and a horizontal distance, so that molded piece 19 is demolded.
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
[0130] 1 Mold frame [0131] 3 Mold wall system [0132] 5 Multiple hinge guide [0133] 7 Mold cavity [0134] 9 Pivotable mold wall [0135] 11 Supporting wall [0136] 13 Bottom element [0137] 15 Pivot joint [0138] 17 Pivot element resp. lever [0139] 17a Upper pivot element resp. lever [0140] 17b Lower pivot element resp. lever [0141] 19 Molded piece [0142] 21 Cover [0143] 23 Oblong hole [0144] 25 Guide element
