Biofuel composition

Abstract

This invention relates to the fuels, and can be used in the national economy as a motor fuel equivalent by its physical and chemical properties to the oil motor fuel. The technical result of this invention is a biofuel produced, which allows to improve the combustion process efficiency in engine operation, increase engine power and reduce the startup time. In addition, this product can be used to reduce harmful emissions from the engine with significant cost reduction by using components based on low-cost large tonnage products available provided with domestic raw materials, including renewable ones, improve cold flow performance and increase the cetane number. This effect can be achieved by the biofuel as a mixture of dietilformal 40-80 by vol. % and glycerides of unsaturated fatty acids 20-60 by vol. %. Vegetable oils are used as glycerides of unsaturated fatty acids.

Claims

1. A biodiesel fuel containing acetals and vegetable oils, wherein the biodiesel fuel is a mixture of dietilformal of 40-80 by vol. % and glycerides of unsaturated fatty acids 20-60 by vol. %; and wherein the biodiesel fuel exhibits one or more of the following parameters: i) a density at 15 C. ranging between about 0.86 g/cm.sup.3 and about 0.89 g/cm.sup.3; ii) a viscosity at 40 C. ranging from between about 1.0 cCm and about 4.3 cCm; and iii) a pour point ranging from about 48 C. and about 62 C.

2. The biodiesel fuel according claim 1, wherein the dietilformal is used as acetals.

3. The biodiesel fuel according to claim 1, wherein the vegetable oils are used as glycerides of unsaturated fatty acids.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(1) It is known that Diesel tested his engine on a vegetable oil. However, vegetable oil has a high viscosity and high pour point, therefore oil methyl esters are mainly used worldwide. 30% of costs account for oils transesterification process, wherein the alkali is used and by-products are generated.

(2) In joint use (simple mixture) of dietilformal and glycerides of unsaturated fatty acids, 11 parameters of European standard EN 14214 for biodiesel are improved.

(3) Dietilformal is a biofuel that can be easily produced from bioethanol and biogas, renewable energy sources by known methods of ethanol and formaldehyde condensation (Himik.ru Chemical Encyclopaedia) and formaldehyde from methane through the methanol (ru.wikipedia.org Methanol and Formaldehyde).

(4) Dietilformal use in a mixture of glycerides of unsaturated fatty acids, for which vegetable oils are used in amount of 20-60 by vol. %, allows to produce biofuel with a high cetane number and characteristics corresponding to the Russian standard GOST R53605-2009, European standard EN 14214-2003 and US standard ASTMD 6751. In this case the need in transesterification of oils with methanol is eliminated, which accounts for 30% of costs and the need in by-products disposalglycerine and alkaline catalyst waste is also eliminated (Marketing research of the biofuel market, Bioethanol and Biodiesel, May 18, 2012 Research Techart, p. 54). A fuller use of plant and renewable raw materials has a beneficial effect on environment as a whole.

(5) We have previously shown that with DEP concentration more than 40%, all vegetable oils (corn, linseed, rapeseed and palm) satisfy by their viscosity parameter standards and viscosity below 5 cCm.

(6) Tests were carried out on Toyota Carina E (1994 release) with diesel two-liter engine at a temperature below 200 C. 100% biodiesel fuel was filled in the empty tank in amount of 20 liters and the vehicle has been operated for several days. Tests were carried out on three samples of biodiesel fuel containing 40-80% of dietilformal (DEF) and 20-60% of sunflower oil. The results are shown in Table below.

(7) TABLE-US-00001 40% of DEF, 60% of DEF, 80% of DEF, 60% of 40% of 20% of Parameter sunflower oil sunflower oil sunflower oil 1. Density at 15 C., g/cm.sup.3 0.894 0.878 0.862 2. Viscosity at 40 C., 4.32 2.0 1.02 cCm 3. Pour point, C. 48 60 62

CONCLUSIONS

(8) The vehicle properly operates on all tested samples without any significant deviations. With dietilformal concentration below 40%, viscosity index does not satisfy the standardsmore than 5 cCm, and with dietilformal concentration greater than 80%, wetting ability (gliding) decreases and heating value of biodiesel fuel reduces.