Hop plant named ‘IH101033’

Abstract

A new and distinct hop plant cultivar named ‘IH101033’ is disclosed, characterized by having an early maturity date in Oregon's Willamette Valley; tolerance to downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora humuli [Miyabe & Takah.] G. W. Wilson); vigor with potentially high yield; low alpha acids content; typically high beta acids content; low total essential oil content; and unique amounts of 19 essential oil components implicated in beer flavor and aroma.

Claims

1. A new and distinct variety of hop plant named ‘IH101033’, substantially as illustrated and described herein.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 illustrates the pedigree for ‘IH101033’.

(2) FIG. 2 shows the typical 3-lobe and 5-lobe shapes of mature leaves of ‘IH101033’.

(3) FIG. 3 shows the cordate shape of an immature leaf of ‘IH101033’.

(4) FIG. 4 shows typical hop cones for ‘IH101033’.

DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION

(5) The following detailed description of the ‘IH101033’ variety is based on observations of various 2-6-year old plants, 2nd propagation generation, growing on a commercial hop farm in the Willamette Valley of Oregon between 2017 and 2021. The plants were 2 years old when first evaluated in 2017, and 6 years old by 2021. The original plant has been observed growing in a cultivated area in Corvallis, Oreg. The new cultivar has not been evaluated under all possible environmental conditions but was developed for Oregon's Willamette Valley (USDA hardiness zone 8b near 45 degrees North latitude). Certain characteristics of this variety, such as growth and color, may change with changing environmental conditions (e.g., light, temperature, moisture, nutrient availability, or other factors). The color descriptions are all based on The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 6.sup.th edition, 2015. Parentage: Female parent.—Humulus lupulus ‘Sterling’. Male parent.—Humulus lupulus ‘64035M’.

COMPARISON TO FEMALE PARENT AND OTHER COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE VARIETIES

(6) Tables 1-7 below provide comparisons between various traits of the ‘IH101033’ variety, the female parent ‘Sterling’, the standard Oregon aroma hop cultivar ‘Cascade’ (unpatented), and ‘OR91331’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 31,042). As shown in Table 1, ‘IH101033’ is vigorous with potentially higher yield than ‘Sterling’, ‘Cascade’, and ‘OR91331’.

(7) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Per-plant yield for ‘IH101033’ over four years at a commercial hop farm in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Genotype Yield (lbs).sup.† Range (lbs) 2017 ‘IH101033’ 9.37 a 3.40-8.24  ‘Sterling’ 6.18 ab 5.41-7.68  ‘Cascade’ 5.30 b 7.16-12.60 2019 ‘OR91331’ 11.67 a 8.65-17.30 ‘IH101033’ 11.65 a 9.91-13.36 ‘Sterling’ 8.73 a 6.75-10.35 ‘Cascade’ 8.06 a 6.15-12.40 2020 ‘IH101033’ 15.59 a 12.70-16.70  ‘Sterling’ 12.33 b 9.80-13.50 ‘OR91331’ 8.55 c 6.95-10.20 2021 ‘IH101033’ 12.58 a 11.15-13.50  ‘Sterling’ 10.06 ab 6.80-14.10 ‘OR91331’ 8.78 b 7.75-9.65  .sup.†Means within a year followed by the same letter are not statistically significant at P = 0.05.

(8) As shown in Tables 2-4 below, ‘IH101033’ has lower alpha acids content than ‘Cascade’ and ‘OR91331’, and occasionally lower than ‘Sterling’. Tables 2-4 also show that ‘IH101033’ typically has higher beta acids than ‘Cascade’, ‘OR91331’, and ‘Sterling’, and has lower total essential oil content than ‘OR91331’, but similar to ‘Sterling’ and ‘Cascade’.

(9) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Bittering acids and total oil content in hops grown in Oregon's Willamette Valley during 2017. Genotype Range Alpha Acids ‘Cascade’ 7.09 a.sup.† 5.68-7.75 ‘Sterling’ 5.72 ab 5.04-6.33 ‘IH101033’ 5.15 b 4.35-6.80 Beta Acids ‘IH101033’ 6.90 a 3.99-8.12 ‘Cascade’ 5.75 ab 5.32-6.34 ‘Sterling’ 4.06 b 3.35-4.70 Total Oil ‘Sterling’ 2.54 a 2.18-2.91 ‘IH101033’ 1.84 b 1.78-1.99 ‘Cascade’ 1.71 b 1.18-2.13 HSI ‘Sterling’ 0.29 a 0.27-0.31 ‘Cascade’ 0.24 b 0.21-0.26 ‘IH101033’ 0.22 b 0.22-0.23 Cohumulone ‘Cascade’ 0.353 a 0.34-0.37 ‘Sterling’ 0.220 b 0.21-0.24 ‘IH101033’ 0.183 c 0.17-0.19 Colupulone ‘Cascade’ 0.530 a 0.52-0.54 ‘Sterling’ 0.465 b 0.43-0.48 ‘IH101033’ 0.430 c 0.42-0.45 .sup.†Means within a chemical compound followed by the same letter are not statistically significant at P = 0.05.

(10) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Bittering acids and total oil content in hops grown in Oregon's Willamette Valley during 2019. Genotype Range Alpha Acids ‘OR91331’ 12.44 a.sup.† 12.16-12.61 ‘Cascade’ 7.11 b 6.48-7.45 ‘Sterling’ 5.84 c 5.54-6.13 ‘IH101033’ 5.12 c 4.54-6.18 Beta Acids ‘IH101033’ 9.65 a  8.39-10.33 ‘Cascade’ 6.86 b 6.50-7.23 ‘OR91331’ 5.44 c 5.35-5.57 ‘Sterling’ 4.51 c 4.38-4.57 Total Oil ‘Sterling’ 2.21 a 2.13-2.35 ‘OR91331’ 2.02 a 1.94-2.18 ‘Cascade’ 1.95 a 1.84-2.06 ‘IH101033’ 1.87 a 1.60-2.17 HSI ‘Sterling’ 0.250 a 0.25-0.25 ‘IH101033’ 0.233 ab 0.22-0.25 ‘OR91331’ 0.223 bc 0.22-0.23 ‘Cascade’ 0.210 c 0.20-0.22 Cohumulone ‘Cascade’ 0.355 a 0.35-0.36 ‘Sterling’ 0.253 b 0.24-0.26 ‘IH101033’ 0.240 bc 0.22-0.26 ‘OR91331’ 0.223 c 0.21-0.23 Colupulone ‘Cascade’ 0.550 a  053-0.57 ‘Sterling’ 0.447 b 0.44-0.45 ‘OR91331’ 0.443 b 0.44-0.45 ‘IH101033’ 0.410 c 0.39-0.43 .sup.†Means within a chemical compound followed by the same letter are not statistically significant at P = 0.05.

(11) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Bittering acids and total oil content in hops grown in Oregon's Willamette Valley during 2020. Genotype Range Alpha Acids ‘OR91331’ 12.18 a.sup.† 11.58-12.77 ‘Sterling’ 6.78 b 6.33-7.24 ‘IH101033’ 3.77c 3.47-3.99 Beta Acids IH101033’ 8.30 a 7.74-8.66 ‘OR91331’ 5.26 b 4.75-5.55 ‘Sterling’ 4.88 b 3.88-6.05 Total Oil ‘OR91331’ 2.36 a 2.06-2.59 ‘IH101033’ 1.85 b 1.75-2.02 ‘Sterling’ 1.56 b 1.26-1.75 HSI ‘Sterling ’ 0.25 a 0.23-0.27 ‘IH101033’ 0.24 a 0.22-0.25 ‘OR91331’ 0.22 a 0.19-0.25 Cohumulone ‘Sterling’ 0.250 a 0.23-0.29 ‘OR91331’ 0.228 ab 0.21-0.24 ‘IH101033’ 0.197 b 0.18-0.21 Colupulone ‘OR91331’ 0.488 a 0.46-0.52 ‘IH101033’ 0.420 b 0.40-0.44 ‘Sterling’ 0.400 b 0.38-0.41 .sup.†Means within a chemical compound followed by the same letter are not statistically significant at P = 0.05.

(12) Tables 5-7 below show that ‘IH101033’ contains differing amounts of 19 essential oil components implicated in beer flavor and aroma compared to ‘Sterling’, ‘Cascade’, and ‘OR91331’.

(13) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Essential oil component concentrations for three hop genotypes grown in Oregon's Willamette Valley in 2017. Data are mg/100 g dried tissue. Component ‘IH101033’ ‘Sterling’ ‘Cascade’ a-Pinene 1.100 b.sup.† 2.563 a 1.798 ab b-Pinene 13.858 b 26.590 a 17.545 b Myrcene 1138.912 b 2032.755 a 1311.810 b Limonene 7.983 b 15.390 a 11.780 ab Cymene 6.780 b 10.645 a 3.825 b Methyl Heptanoate 5.583 b 2.185 b 11.700 a Linalool 17.315 ab 23.305 a 11.243b b-Caryophyllene 112.293 a 142.763 a 148.178 a Terpin-4-ol 0.120 b 0.263 a 0.230 a Farnesene 152.130 a 128.520 ab 14.175 b Humulene 711.265 ab 887.533 a 511.450 b Citral 1 0.368 b 0.908 a 0.130 b Citral 2 0.495 b 1.323 a 1.213 a a-Terpineol 0.123 a 0.188 a 0.220 a Geranyl Acetate 1.165 a 1.123 a 0.000 b Nerol 0.775 b 2.175 a 1.863 a Geraniol 2.698 a 1.953 a 4.118 a Caryophyllene 1.580 a 2.605 a 2.005 a Oxide Epoxide 2 4.363 a 6.483 a 5.755 a .sup.†Means within a chemical compound followed by the same letter are not statistically significant at P = 0.05.

(14) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Essential oil component concentrations for four hop genotypes grown in Oregon's Willamette Valley in 2019. Data are mg/100 g dried tissue. Component ‘IH101033’ ‘Sterling’ ‘Cascade’ ‘OR91331’ a-Pinene 1.383 c.sup.† 2.013 b 2.753 a 1.583 c b-Pinene 25.323 b 32.123 a 29.840 ab 24.750 b Myrcene 1585.27 b 1720.08 ab 1947.37 a 1230.19 c Limonene 11.613 b 19.940 a 18.675 a 13.883 b Cymene 11.010 a 11.387 a 6.245 b 11.523 a Methyl Heptanoate 13.760 b 5.697 c 15.598 b 29.590 a Linalool 27.283 a 24.890 a 14.163 b 17.147 b b-Caryophyllene 117.58 c 166.58 b 125.50 bc 315.34 a Terpin-4-ol 0.323 a 0.367 a 0.283 a 0.230 a Farnesene 99.800 a 0.810 b 76.505 a 0.370 b Humulene 726.54 b 1107.88 a 384.47 c 704.42 b Citral 1 0.243 c 1.403 a 0.080 c 0.467 b Citral 2 0.910 b 0.963 b 1.158 b 1.633 a a-Terpineol 0.227 b 0.148 b 1.373 a 0.127 b Geranyl Acetate 1.160 b 1.790 b 35.955 a 4.053 b Nerol 1.520 b 1.417 b 1.810 b 5.483 a Geraniol 2.003 b 5.113 a 4.533 a 1.730 b Caryophyllene Oxide 0.347 c 0.923 b 0.773 b 1.830 a Epoxide 2 4.223 b 6.093 ab 4.663 b 8.330 a .sup.†Means within a chemical compound followed by the same letter are not statistically significant at P = 0.05.

(15) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Essential oil component concentrations for three hop genotypes grown in Oregon's Willamette Valley in 2020. Data are mg/100 g dried tissue. Component ‘IH101033’ ‘Sterling’ ‘OR91331’ a-Pinene 1.637 ab.sup.† 1.298 b 2.335 a b-Pinene 25.830 a 18.720 a 24.848 a Myrcene 1602.673 a 1103.338 a 1583.987 a Limonene 9.970 a 8.660 a 12.310 a Cymene 10.177 a 6.095 b 13.488 a Methyl Heptanoate 15.293 b 2.643 c 38.218 a Linalool 29.713 a 16.055 c 22.088 b b-Caryophyllene 100.070 c 147.790 b 358.333 a Terpin-4-ol 0.557 a 0.398 a 0.563 a Farnesene 131.163 a 0.000 b 0.000 b Humulene 708.920 a 874.945 a 776.305 a Citral 1 0.360 a 0.638 a 0.473 a Citral 2 0.950 a 1.083 a 0.645 b a-Terpineol 2.560 a 1.905 a 2.378 a Geranyl Acetate 1.067 b 1.473 b 3.995 a Nerol 1.210 b 1.268 b 6.905 a Geraniol 1.190 b 6.210 a 2.303 b Caryophyllene Oxide 0.353 c 0.818 b 1.863 a Epoxide 2 6.760 a 8.253 a 4.688 a .sup.†Means within a chemical compound followed by the same letter are not statistically significant at P = 0.05.

SUMMARY OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS

(16) Tables 8, 9, and 10 summarize the principal morphological characteristics of ‘IH101033’ and how they may differ from ‘Sterling’ (female parent) and the standard Oregon aroma hop cultivar ‘Cascade’. When grown in Oregon's Willamette Valley, ‘IH101033’: 1. has a wider cone than ‘Cascade’ (Table 8); 2. has narrower and shorter bracts than the female parent ‘Sterling’, and shorter bracts than ‘Cascade’ (Table 8); 3. has shorter and wider bracteoles than ‘Sterling’ and ‘Cascade’ (Table 8); 4. has longer mid-canopy main bine internode length than ‘Cascade’ and ‘Sterling’ (Table 9); and 5. has a longer and wider leaf than ‘Sterling’ and ‘Cascade’ (Table 9).

(17) Additional morphological characteristics are presented in Table 10, while characteristic leaf and cone shapes are presented in FIGS. 2-4. ‘IH101033’ is slightly earlier to mature (August 22-24) than the female parent ‘Sterling’ (August 30-September 1), and earlier than ‘Cascade’ (September 1-5). In addition, ‘IH101033’ is tolerant of downy mildew (similar to ‘Sterling’) where ‘Cascade’ and ‘OR91331’ are considered resistant.

(18) TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Cone measurements for ‘IH101033’, its female parent ‘Sterling’, and an industry-standard aroma hop cultivar ‘Cascade’ when grown in Oregon's Willamette Valley. Genotype Trait Range Cone Bract Width (cm) ‘Sterling’ 1.19 a 0.80-1.50 ‘Cascade’ 1.16 a 0.90-1.30 ‘IH101033’ 1.04 b 0.20-1.20 Cone Bract Length (cm) ‘Sterling’ 2.00 a 1.60-2.30 ‘Cascade’ 1.81 b 1.30-2.10 ‘IH101033’ 1.63 c 1.00-2.00 Cone Bracteole Width (cm) ‘IH101033’ 1.52 a 1.30-1.80 ‘Cascade’ 0.99 b 0.50-1.30 ‘Sterling’ 0.99 b 0.80-1.10 Cone Bracteole Length (cm) ‘Sterling’ 1.80 a 1.00-2.10 ‘Cascade’ 1.69 b 1.00-2.10 ‘IH101033’ 0.89 c 0.70-1.00 Cone Length (cm) ‘IH101033’ 4.10 a 3.00-5.20 ‘Cascade’ 3.67 a 3.20-4.70 Cone Width (cm) ‘IH101033’ 2.17 a 1.80-2.90 ‘Cascade’ 1.90 b 1.70-2.40

(19) TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Morphological measurements for ‘IH101033’ and two additional aroma hop genotypes grown in the Oregon's Willamette Valley. Genotype Trait Range Main Bine Internode Length (cm) ‘IH101033’ 24.46 a 20.00-28.20 ‘Sterling’ 21.46 b 16.40-26.20 ‘Cascade’ 20.42 b 16.20-23.40 Main Bine Diameter (mm) ‘Cascade’ 7.4 a  4.0-11.0 ‘IH101033’ 7.2 a 5.00-9.00 ‘Sterling’ 7.1 a 5.00-9.00 Petiole Length (cm) ‘Cascade’ 8.68 a  5.80-11.90 ‘IH101033’ 8.00 ab  6.80-11.50 ‘Sterling’ 6.99 b 4.30-9.50 Leaf Width (cm) ‘IH101033’ 15.44 a 11.50-17.50 ‘Sterling’ 13.39 b 10.70-15.50 ‘Cascade’ 12.77 b  10.3-14.50 Leaf Length (cm) ‘IH101033’ 16.47 a 13.60-19.10 ‘Cascade’ 14.11 b 12.70-16.00 ‘Sterling’ 13.45 b 10.50-15.10 Sidearm Length (cm) ‘Cascade’ 78.95 a  51.10-129.50 ‘IH101033’ 74.96 a 55.80-94.20 ‘Sterling’ 59.12 a  32.10-104.50 Sidearm Internode Length (cm) ‘IH101033’ 9.38 a  6.50-13.50 ‘Cascade’ 8.65 a  3.10-15.80 ‘Sterling’ 7.70 a  3.60-14.30

(20) TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Morphological characteristics for the hop genotype ‘IH101033’ when grown in Oregon's Willamette Valley. Trait Descriptor Ploidy 2X (diploid) Plant Vigorous climbing bine Shape Columnar Plant head volume High Target area Oregon's Willamette Valley (USDA hardiness zone 8b near latitude 45 degree North) Bine Color 145D Anthocyanin coloration 184C Mid-canopy internode Average = 24.46, Range = 20.0-28.2 Length (cm) Diameter (mm) Average = 7.2, Range = 5.0-9.0 Total Length (ft) 21 Sidearm Mid-canopy length Medium (55.8-94.2 cm) Petiole Length (cm) Average = 8.0, Range = 6.8-11.5 Color 181A top, N144C bottom Shape Flat upper surface with channel Leaf Arrangement Opposite Shape Immature = cordate, mature = mix of 3-lobed and 5-lobed Adaxial leaf texture pubescent Abaxial leaf texture pubescent, particularly along veins Color Upper = NN137A, lower = NN137D Mature leaf width (cm) Average = 15.44, Range = 11.5-17.5 Mature leaf length (cm) Average = 16.47, Range = 13.6-19.1 Leaf lobing Immature = cordate, mature = mix of 3-lobed and 5-lobed Venation primary order: palmate secondary order: craspedodromous Vein color Upper = 146A, lower = 146B Blistering Absent Leaf margin Serrated Lateral length, Average = 74.96, Range = 55.8-94.2 mid-canopy (cm) Lateral internode Average = 9.38, Range = 6.5-13.5 length (cm) Blistering None Cone Shape Medium ovate Flowering date July 10-20 Maturity date August 22-24 Coning abundance Mid-canopy cone number: Many Upper-canopy cone number: Many Length (cm) Average = 4.10, Range = 3.0-5.2 Width (cm) Average = 2.17, Range = 1.8-2.9 Number of bracts Average = 29.2, Range = 22-36 per cone Number of bracteoles Average = 48.5, Range = 40-60 per cone Total bracts + Average = 77.7, Range = 62-96 bracteoles per cone Bract color 145A Bract length (cm) Average = 1.63, Range = 1.0-2.0 Bract width (cm) Average = 1.04, Range = 0.2-1.2 Bract apex length (mm) Average = 2.03, Range = 1.0-3.0 Bracteole length (cm) Average = 0.89, Range = 0.7-1.0 Bracteole width (cm) Average = 1.52, Range = 1.3-1.8 Bracteole color 145A

COMPARISON TO MALE PARENT ‘64035M’

(21) The male parent, ‘64035M’, was released by the USDA in 1984 as a downy mildew-resistant male genotype for breeding purposes. It derives from open-pollinated seed collected off of the German female hop 7K491 at Wye College, England. Key differences between ‘IH101033’ and its' male parent ‘64035M’ include: 1. ‘IH101033’ is a female genotype and only produces female flowers while ‘64035M’ is a male genotype and only produces male flowers 2. ‘IH101033’ is tolerant of downy mildew while ‘64035M’ is considered resistant.

SENSORY OBSERVATIONS

(22) Beginning in September 2017, sensory evaluations by small, organized groups of craft brewers were initiated. To date, 96 brewers have participated in dry-rub evaluations and small-scale test beers in which ‘IH101033’ was dosed into a Kolsch-style beer that has no aroma or flavor characteristics. Small-scale test beers were also produced to assess ‘IH101033’ character on both the hot-side and dry-hopping stage. Typically, the first notes noticed are the citrus notes lemon supported by lime. Brewers report that the initial lemon and lime notes are followed by fresh melon notes (usually honeydew and cantaloupe) and mixed wildflower floral notes. Additional notes reported include dry grass and cinnamon or baker's spice.