Mixtures of sabadilla alkaloids and pyrethrum and uses thereof

Abstract

The present invention is directed to pesticidal mixtures comprising sabadilla alkaloids and pyrethrum esters and methods of controlling pests including insects and mites by application of pesticidal mixtures comprising sabadilla alkaloids and pyrethrum esters.

Claims

1. A method of controlling mosquitoes comprising applying a pesticidal mixture comprising an effective amount of sabadilla alkaloids and pyrethrum esters to the mosquitoes or the mosquitoes' environment wherein the ratio of sabadilla alkaloids to the pyrethrum esters is about 10:1.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 1 to about 1,000 grams per hectare.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 10 to about 700 grams per hectare.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 22 to about 560 grams per hectare.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the pyrethrum esters are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 1 to about 100 grams per hectare.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the pyrethrum esters are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 10 to about 70 grams per hectare.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the pyrethrum esters are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 15 to about 60 grams per hectare.

8. A method of controlling cockroaches comprising applying a pesticidal mixture comprising an effective amount of sabadilla alkaloids and pyrethrum esters to the cockroaches or the cockroaches' environment wherein the ratio of sabadilla alkaloids to the pyrethrum esters is about 1:2.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 1 to about 1,000 grams per hectare.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 10 to about 700 grams per hectare.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 22 to about 560 grams per hectare.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein the pyrethrum esters are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 1 to about 100 grams per hectare.

13. The method of claim 8, wherein the pyrethrum esters are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 10 to about 70 grams per hectare.

14. The method of claim 8, wherein the pyrethrum esters are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 15 to about 60 grams per hectare.

Description

EXAMPLES

(1) PyGanic? 1.4EC was used as the source of pyrethrum esters. PyGanic? is a registered trademark of McLaughlin Gormley King Company.

Example 1German Cockroach

(2) In this study, the response of the German cockroach (Blattella germanica) to application of a 1:2, 5:1, 1:10 and 1:1 ratio of sabadilla (S. officinale) alkaloids to pyrethrum esters will be observed. Specifically, sabadilla alkaloids and pyrethrum esters will be applied to the pest at the respective rates of: 1) 0.05% w/w to 0.1% w/w, 2) 0.5% w/w to 0.1% w/w, 3) 0.05% w/w to 0.5% w/w and 4) 0.5% w/w to 0.5% w/w.

(3) The results of the study are predicted to show more than an additive effect. One can determine that the response is synergistic using the following formula: % C.sub.exp=A+B?(AB/100).

(4) % C.sub.exp=A+B?(AB/100), where % C.sub.exp is the expected efficacy and in which A and B are the control levels given by the single [insecticides]. If the ratio between the experimentally observed efficacy of the mixture C.sub.obs and the expected efficacy of the mixture is greater than 1, synergistic interactions are present in the mixture. (Gisi, Synergisitic Interaction of Fungicides in Mixtures, The American Phytopathological Society, 86:11, 1273-1279, 1996). Adopting a conservative approach, Applicant determined synergy to be present at ratios of ?1.1.

Example 2House Fly

(5) In this study, the response of the house fly (Musca domestica) to application of a 1:2, 5:1, 1:10 and 1:1 ratio of sabadilla (S. officinale) alkaloids to pyrethrum esters will be observed. Specifically, sabadilla alkaloids and pyrethrum esters will be applied to the pest at the respective rates of: 1) 0.05% w/w to 0.1% w/w, 2) 0.5% w/w to 0.1% w/w, 3) 0.05% w/w to 0.5% w/w and 4) 0.5% w/w to 0.5% w/w.

(6) The results of the study are predicted to show more than an additive effect. One can determine that the response is synergistic using the following formula: % C.sub.exp=A+B?(AB/100).

Example 3Common Bed Bug

(7) In this study, the response of the common bed bug (Cimex lectularius) to application of a 1:2, 5:1, 1:10 and 1:1 ratio of sabadilla (S. officinale) alkaloids to pyrethrum esters will be observed. Specifically, sabadilla alkaloids and pyrethrum esters will be applied to the pest at the respective rates of: 1) 0.05% w/w to 0.1% w/w, 2) 0.5% w/w to 0.1% w/w, 3) 0.05% w/w to 0.5% w/w and 4) 0.5% w/w to 0.5% w/w.

(8) The results of the study are predicted to show more than an additive effect. One can determine that the response is synergistic using the following formula: % C.sub.exp=A+B?(AB/100).

Example 4Green Peach Aphid

(9) In this study, the response of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) to application of a 1.5:1, 37:1, 1:3, 9:1 ratio of sabadilla (S. officinale) alkaloids to pyrethrum esters will be observed. Specifically, sabadilla alkaloids and pyrethrum esters will be applied to the pest at the respective rates of: 1) 22 g/HA and 15 g/HA; 2) 560 g/HA and 15 g/HA; 3) 22 g/HA and 60 g/HA; and 4) 560 g/HA and 60 g/HA.

(10) The results of the study are predicted to show more than an additive effect. One can determine that the response is synergistic using the following formula: % C.sub.exp=A+B?(AB/100).