Reduced sugar wafer

Abstract

The present invention relates a sugar reduced wafer composition comprising, 60-80 wt. % of flour, 10-23 wt. % of sucrose, 0.5-8.0 wt. %, preferably 0.5-5 wt. % of oil or fat and 5-20 wt. % of non-digestible fibers wherein the total amount of mono and disaccharides is 10-25 wt. %; all wt. % being in weight percentage of the composition dry mass. The invention also relates to a baked sugar reduced wafer such as a wafer cone or edible container made with this composition and a process for manufacturing the sugar reduced wafer.

Claims

1. A sugar reduced wafer composition comprising: 60-80 wt. % of flour; 10-20 wt. % of sucrose; 0.5-8.0 wt. % of oil or fat; and 5-20 wt. % of non-digestible fiber selected from the group consisting of inulin, resistant dextrin, and a combination thereof, wherein a total amount of mono and disaccharides is 10-25 wt. %, all wt. % being in weight percentage of the sugar reduced wafer composition dry mass.

2. The sugar reduced wafer composition according to claim 1 comprising 0.2-3.0 wt. % emulsifier.

3. The sugar reduced wafer composition according to claim 1 comprising 0.5-6 wt. % whey or milk.

4. The sugar reduced wafer composition according to claim 1 comprising 0.5-3 wt. % oil or fat.

5. The sugar reduced wafer composition according to claim 4, wherein the oil is selected from the group consisting of coconut oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, soy oil, nut oil, and a combination, blend or fractions thereof.

6. The sugar reduced wafer composition according to claim 1 comprising 0.1-1.0 wt. % of sodium chloride.

7. The sugar reduced wafer composition according to claim 1, wherein the sugar reduced wafer composition does not contain any polyols or high intensity sweeteners.

8. The sugar reduced wafer composition according to claim 1, wherein the total amount of mono and disaccharides is 13-21 wt. %.

9. The sugar reduced wafer composition according to claim 1, wherein a total amount of sucrose is 12-20 wt. %.

10. The sugar reduced wafer composition according to claim 1 comprising 35-45 wt. % water.

11. The sugar reduced wafer composition according to claim 1, wherein the sugar reduced wafer composition has a viscosity between 2500 cps and 5000 cps.

12. A baked wafer comprising a sugar reduced wafer composition comprising 60-80 wt. % of flour, 10-20 wt. % of sucrose, 0.5-8.0 wt. % of oil or fat, and 5-20 wt. % of non-digestible fibers selected from the group consisting of inulin, resistant dextrin, and a combination thereof, wherein a total amount of mono and disaccharides is 10-25 wt. %, all wt. % being in weight percentage of the sugar reduced wafer composition dry mass, and the baked wafer having a water content after baking of 1.0-6.5 wt. % and a water content after storage of 2.5-6.0 wt. %.

13. A process for manufacturing a sugar reduced wafer, the process comprising: providing a composition comprising 60-80 wt. % of flour, 10-20 wt. % of sucrose, 0.5-8.0 wt. % of oil or fat, and 5-20 wt. % of non-digestible fibers selected from the group consisting of inulin, resistant dextrin, and a combination thereof, wherein a total amount of mono and disaccharides is 10-25 wt. %, all wt. % being in weight percentage of the composition dry mass; adding the composition into a baking plate or iron; baking the composition in an oven at a temperature between 180° C. and 215° C. for 50 to 75 sec to obtain a baked wafer; and shaping the baked wafer before the baked wafer becomes rigid.

14. The sugar reduced wafer composition according to claim 1, wherein at least 60% in dry mass of the non-digestible fiber is non-digestible oligosaccharides.

15. The baked wafer according to claim 12, wherein at least 60% in dry mass of the non-digestible fibers are non-digestible oligosaccharides.

16. The process according to claim 13, wherein at least 60% in dry mass of the non-digestible fibers are non-digestible oligosaccharides.

17. The sugar reduced wafer composition according to claim 1 comprising 10-12 wt. % of the sucrose.

18. The baked wafer according to claim 12 comprising 10-12 wt. % of the sucrose.

19. The process according to claim 13, wherein the composition comprises 10-12 wt. % of the sucrose.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURE

(1) FIG. 1 shows the sensory evaluation of trial 1, example 1 (plain line) example 2 (hashed line) and example 3 (dotted line) are plotted.

(2) FIG. 2 shows the sensory evaluation of trial 2; example 4 (plain line) example 5 (hashed line) and example 6 (dotted line) are plotted.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(3) Rolled sugar wafers used in frozen confection may be distinguished from other biscuits/cookies in that wafers are the result of baking a batter whereas biscuits/cookies are usually baked out of a dough. Batter is a liquid suspension that will flow through a pipe whereas biscuit dough is rather stiff to permit rolling and flattening and normally has a water content of less than 50 parts per 100 parts of flour.

(4) According to the present invention a sugar reduced wafer or edible container composition is provided.

(5) In the present context the added sugars are mono and di saccharides, excluding lactose of dairy origin.

(6) Further by Carbohydrate is meant: All saccharides and polysaccharides, thus including sugars, and lactose. This definition of carbohydrates does not include non-digestible oligosaccharides, organic acids, alcohols and polyols.

(7) In the present context by dietary fibers is meant: hydrocolloids, digestible polysaccharide. These dietary fibers may contain traces of non-digestible oligosaccharides. Furthermore, by non-digestible fibers is meant: a composition containing at least 60% (in dry mass) of non-digestible oligosaccharide, soluble or insoluble, that escapes digestion in the small intestine of healthy persons and do not raise blood glucose levels. These non-digestible oligosaccharides are obtained for example through chemical (acid hydrolysis) or enzymatic treatment of polysaccharides.

(8) Further, in the present context healthier wafer or edible container which is characterized by having reduced calories combined with reduced oil and mono and di saccharides content.

(9) High intensity sweeteners are Glycyrrhizin and its acid derivatives, Monk fruit, Monatin, Thaumatin, Acesulfame K, Alitame, Aspartame, Aspartame-Acesulfame Salt, Cyclamic acid and its salts, Neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, Neotame, Saccharin and its salts, Sucralose.

(10) It is preferred that the composition according to the invention does not contain, artificial or natural, high intensity sweeteners, and no added fructose or high fructose corn syrup.

(11) Furthermore, it is preferred that the frozen confection mix does not contain, polyols or sugar alcohol, for example Gycerol, Maltitol, Xylitol, Sorbitol.

(12) In the present context by emulsifier is meant a surfactant molecule that has the ability to form a stable emulsion.

(13) Further in the present context unless otherwise indicated % of a component means the % of weight based on the weight of the composition, i.e. weight/weight %.

(14) It has been found that it is possible to provide a healthier wafer for frozen confections without increasing the amount of stabilizers and emulsifiers. It has further been found that the present invention provides a compositions for healthier wafer e.g. wafer cones or edible container for frozen confections which do not contain high intensity sweeteners.

(15) Furthermore, it is preferred that the composition comprises 10-23 wt. % of sucrose added sugar. More preferably the total amount of sucrose is 12-20 wt. %. This give a desirable sweetness to the product while the remaining ingredients proportions remains unchanged in the composition. It provides the flexibility needed to roll or bend the wafer while the added sugar content is low and acceptable from a nutritional point of view.

(16) The composition according to the invention comprises 5-20 wt. % of non-digestible fibers being resistant dextrin and the total amount of mono and disaccharides is 10-25 wt. %; all wt. % being in weight percentage of the composition dry mass. Preferably the mono and disaccharides is 13-21 wt. %. Non digestible fibers have the benefit in terms of increasing total solids without increasing the caloric content. Resistant dextrin are advantageous over other non-digestible oligosaccharides such as inulin for example, because they don't have laxative effects.

(17) It is preferred that the non-digestible fibers is selected from the group consisting of resistant dextrin or inulin, or a combination thereof. Advantageously, the resistant dextrin is maltodextrin.

(18) The following are preferred embodiments of composition for wafers:

(19) The composition comprising 60-80 wt. % of flour. Advantageously, the flour is present in an amount of 60-70 wt. % in the composition.

(20) The flour is preferably selected from the group consisting of wheat, oat, millet, rice, barley, soybean, rye, maize, cassava or a combination thereof.

(21) In a preferred embodiment the flour is wheat flour. The wheat flour is preferably a flour with a protein content between 7 and 11%, more preferably between 9 and 11%, and a water absorption of 54 to 55 to get a constant viscosity of the batter. With little protein the wafer gets fragile and above this amount processing problems may occur.

(22) The composition according to the invention comprises 10-23 wt. % of sucrose.

(23) The wafer composition according to the invention comprise 0.5-3.5, preferably 2.5-3.0 wt. % of oil or fat. The oil is added to impart a flavour to the wafer.

(24) The oil is preferably selected from the group consisting of coconut oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, soy oil, nut oil, a combination, blend or fractions thereof.

(25) The fat is preferably ghee, butter or a combination thereof. A combination of oil and fat may also be used.

(26) It is desirable to add sufficient oil or oil to create a noticeable effect on the taste, however a too high proportion of oil or fat will result in a batter having an unacceptably low viscosity for the preparation of a wafer. Thus it is not desirable to make wafers with high fat or oil recipes from a batter that can be processed on an industrial scale. In addition, too high oil content makes the wafer more fragile.

(27) Furthermore, a too low proportion of oil or fat would create baking issue, because the oil is used as a releasing agent to prevent the wafer sticking to the baking plate.

(28) Preferably the composition according to the invention comprises 35-45 wt. % water.

(29) Conveniently the batter viscosity is at least 2500 cps, more conveniently between 3200 cps and 4000 cps though depending upon the flour used and the requirements for the wafer oven it may be as high as 5000 cps. Below 2500 it has been found that the wafers would be too fragile.

(30) The term “viscosity” as used herein refers to the apparent viscosity of a fluid (e.g. batter) as measured by conventional methods known to those skilled in the art but in particular the method described below is preferred.

(31) The preferred method for measuring viscosity (e.g. of batter examples according to the invention, as well as comparative examples) uses an instrument denoted by the trade designation Brookfield Viscosimetre DV-II+. The method used is follows: measurements were performed on 600 ml of batter in a 1000 ml beaker at a constant temperature of 20° C., using mobile spindle number 3 and with the speed set at 30 rpm. The beaker of batter is placed under the DV-II+ and the spindle lowered into the batter to the correct depth (up to the notch on the mobile spindle). The DV-II+ is put into operation and after 30 seconds the reading in centipoise is recorded on the display of the DV-II+.

(32) Advantageously, the composition according to the invention comprises and emulsifier. The emulsifier is preferably present in an amount of 0.2-3.0 wt. % of emulsifier. Preferably the emulsifier is Lecithin. When lechithin is used, advantageously it is used in an amount of about ¼ of the amount of oil. This provides a good oil dispersion and product texture.

(33) The composition according to the invention preferably comprises 0.5-6 wt. % whey or milk, preferably 0.5-3 wt. % of whey or milk based on dry matter. The whey and milk ingredients provide the advantage of improved flavor and color to the wafer.

(34) For taste the composition according to the invention may comprises 0.1-1.0 wt. % of sodium chloride.

(35) The invention also relates to a baked wafer such as wafer cones or edible container made with a composition as discussed having a water content of 1.0-6.5 wt. % freshly baked. Such a wafer after storage has a water content of 2.5-6.0 wt. %. Preferably the water activity of such a wafer is 0.19 to 0.36 measured with and AquaLab, and with a method as described in the Examples.

(36) The invention also relates to a process for manufacturing a sugar reduced wafer such as wafer cones or edible container. The process comprising the steps of providing a composition as discussed above, adding the composition in onto baking plates or iron in thin layers, baking the layers in an oven at a temperature between 180° C. and 215° C. and shaping the baked wafer thus obtained, before they become rigid.

(37) Typically the thickness of the layers are 1.5 to 3 mm

(38) A preferred baking temperature is from 180° C. to 215° C. and the preferred baking time is from 50 seconds to 75 seconds for wafers. The exact time which is optimal will depend on wafer thickness, recipe and type of wafer being produced.

(39) The composition may advantageously be prepared by a process comprising the steps of mixing water, salt, sucrose and non-digestible fibers, adding flour to the mixture, mixing the ingredient and dispersing lecithin and oil to the mixture.

EXAMPLES

(40) By way of example and not limitation, the following examples are illustrative of various embodiments of the present disclosure.

(41) Unless otherwise indicated all the tests herein are carried out under standard conditions as defined herein. Standard conditions means a relative humidity of 50%±5%, ambient temperature (23° C.±2°).

(42) Ingredients used in the Examples were: Flour soft wheat with 7.5 to 9.5% protein (Kjeldahl method), 20-24% wet gluten (measured with a Glutomatic machine (AACC 38-12), 11-14% humidity (Oven 4 hrs/104° C.). Sucrose—White (45 ICUMSA) with 0.5-1.4 mm crystals Dry Oil coconut: C8:0 Caprylic acid 3.8-8.5%, C10:0 Capric acid 4.3-9.5%, C12:0 Lauric acid 42%-48.9%, C14 Myristic acid 15-20%, C16:0 Palmitic acid 7-10.5%, C18:0 Stearic acid 1.9-4%, C18:1 Oleic acid 4.5-9.5%, C18:2 Linoleic acid 0.9-2.5%, C18:3 Alpha linolenic acid 0.5% Lecithin Soy Fluid INS322i Phospholipids—Phosphatidylinositol: 10.0%, Phosphatidylcholine 12% Resistant Dextrin Powder DE18-21 (Energy: 245.4 Kcal; water 5.5 g; protein 0.05 g; fat 0 g; non-digestible Oligosaccharides (Fibers) 66 g; carbohydrates 28.3 g; sugars (mono and di saccharides) 9.4 g; ashes and mineral 0.05 g; lactose 0 g; total solids 94.5 g). Inulin, 9% mono and di saccharides, 89% non-digestible Oligosaccharides (Fibers), water 2%. Salt—sodium chloride

(43) Materials & Method

(44) Mixing

(45) Ingredients were mixed in a Hass mixer TMN30s.

(46) The mixing sequence was the following: Water, sucrose, salt and non digestible fibers (Resistant Dextrin or Inulin) are mixed at 550 rpm, then 2 minutes at 650 rpm, Flour was then added at 800 rpm, then the preparation was mixed 1 minute at 800 rpm Lecithin and oil are added at 800 rpm, then the preparation was mixed 1 minute at 800 rpm Mixed 40 second at 900 rpm

(47) Baking

(48) Wafers were baked in a Haas oven (PC Laboratory Cone baking machine LB-STA). Adequate amounts of preparation were poured on a baking plate in order to get 10 g wafers after baking. Wafers were baked for 35 seconds. Temperature of the baking plate was 190-195° C. on the lower side; 200-205° C. on the upper side. The oven was equipped with a device to roll the wafers into cones (Haas, Rolling tool ARW-VTRO).

(49) Water Content

(50) Water content of the wafer was measured with a Mettler Toledo Halogen HR83 balance. 5 wafers were ground; 5 gram of the resulting powder was sampled and heated to 145° C. Water content was measured by sample weight loss during the heating process, each 10 seconds, using a LabX direct moisture software. The measuring was stops when two weight values were similar.

(51) Water Activity

(52) Water activity of the wafer was measured on an Aqualab water activity balance. The water activity was defined as the ratio of the vapor pressure of water in a material to the vapor pressure of pure water at the same temperature. Protocol was similar to the water content measure, water activity was automatically calculated by the balance after approximately 5 minutes drying of the ground wafer sample.

(53) Sensory Analysis

(54) A tasting panel consisting of twelve people trained for ice cream products tasting evaluated the products.

(55) Products were stored at −18° C., 24 h before the tasting.

(56) Comparative evaluation. All products were presented at the same time and attributes were evaluated one by one (all products were evaluated for on attribute then panelist went to the next attribute). 2 repetitions were performed under day light in individual booths.

(57) Sensory attributes were as follow: Color: Intensity of the wafer color. Aroma: Intensity of the wafer aroma, before tasting. Snap: Sharp noise when one takes a bite in the upper part of the wafer Resistance: Force required to take a part of the wafer when biting Dense: Density of the wafer when biting Noise intensity: length of the noise when chewing the wafer Chewy: Wafer resistance while mastication, Overall flavor: Intensity of the wafer flavor Sweet: Sweetness of the wafer Biscuit: Biscuit taste of the wafer Cooked level: evaluate the baking degree of the wafer Cereals: Strength of aromatic note of the wafer Grilled: Strength of aromatic note of the wafer

(58) The data obtained on a sample was analyzed through an ANOVA (Variance analysis); completed with a Duncan test wherein differences are significant if P value <0.05.

(59) Results

(60) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Shows wafer recipes without dairy proteins; reference and sugar reduced (−30%) recipes with and without resistant dextrin. Trial 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 1 (Comparative) −30% Sugar + Standard −30% Sugar RD Dry Dry Dry Mass mass Mass mass Mass mass Ingredients (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Water 39.00 NA 39.00 NA 39.00 NA Flour soft 43.50 71.31 48.30 79.18 43.50 71.31 wheat Sucrose 16.00 26.23 11.20 18.36 10.70 17.54 Oil coconut 0.45 0.74 0.45 0.74 0.45 0.74 Lecithin 0.65 1.07 0.65 1.07 0.65 1.07 Sodium 0.40 0.66 0.40 0.66 0.40 0.66 Chloride Resistant 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.30 8.69 Dextrin TOTAL 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Mono disac- 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.82 charides from Resistant Dextrin Total sugar 16.00 26.23 11.20 18.36 11.20 18.36 (Sucrose + Resistant Dextrin)

(61) Example 1, is a standard state of the art recipe without dairy proteins.

(62) Example 2 is a comparative example wherein the amount of sugar has been reduced by about 30% with respect to Example 1, and the total solid mass is balanced with flour. Example 2 is outside the scope of the claimed invention.

(63) Example 3 is a wafer recipe without dairy proteins according to the present invention wherein the sugar amount is reduced by 30% with respect to Example 1. The amount of flour remains unchanged. According to the invention the resistant dextrin provides a balance to the total solids. Mono and di saccharide content of the resistant dextrin is included in the recipe formulation.

(64) Total solid, oil, Lecithin and salt contents are the same for Examples 1 to 3.

(65) Comments

(66) FIG. 1 shows the sensory analysis of Examples 1, 2 and 3.

(67) Examples 1 and 3 have the same color while example 2 is less colored.

(68) Snap and Noise intensity are the same for Examples 1, 2 and 3. Examples 2 and 3 are perceived as slightly more dense, resistant, and chewy than Example 1 (reference).

(69) Example 3 is closer to the reference (Example 1) for the perceived density.

(70) Examples 2 and 3 are perceived as less sweet than Example 1 (reference).

(71) Example 3 has an overall flavor similar to Example 1 (reference). Biscuit, Cereal and cooked flavor notes are similar for Example 1 and 3 but are less perceived for Example 2.

(72) Water activity and water content of Examples 1, 2 and 3 are detailed in table 7.

(73) Wafers obtained according to Example 2 could not be rolled into cones due to an excessive rigidity. High glass transition temperature of wafers according to Example 2 is supposed to be the reason of this rigidity.

(74) On the contrary, Wafer obtained according to Examples 1 and 3 were rolled into a cone.

(75) In conclusion, on a sensory point of view wafers according to Example 3 are perceived as closer to the reference (Example 1) than the wafers simply reduced in sugar (Example 2); regarding processability wafers according to Example 2 are could not be rolled into a cone.

(76) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Trial 2 Wafer recipes with dairy proteins; reference and sugar reduced (−30%) recipes with and without resistant dextrin. Example 5 Comparative Example 6 example −30% Example 4 −30% Sugar Sugar + RD Standard iso-salt iso-salt Dry Dry Dry Mass mass Mass mass Mass mass Ingredients (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Water 39.00 NA 39.00 NA 39.00 NA Flour soft 39.40 64.59 44.70 73.28 39.40 64.59 wheat Sucrose 17.50 28.69 12.20 20.00 11.70 19.18 Oil coconut 1.80 2.95 1.80 2.95 1.80 2.95 Lecithin 1.40 2.30 1.40 2.30 1.40 2.30 Sodium 0.10 0.16 0.10 0.16 0.10 0.16 Chloride Whey powder 0.80 1.31 0.80 1.31 0.80 1.31 Resistant 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.80 9.51 Dextrin TOTAL 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Mono disac- 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.55 0.89 charides from Resistant Dextrin Total sugar 17.50 28.69 12.20 20.00 12.25 20.07 (Sucrose + Resistant Dextrin)

(77) Example 4, is a standard recipe with dairy proteins.

(78) Example 5 is a comparative example wherein the amount of sugar has been reduced by about 30% with respect to Example 4, and the total solid mass is balanced with flour.

(79) Example 5 is outside the scope of the present invention.

(80) Example 6 is a wafer recipe with dairy proteins according to the present invention wherein the sugar amount is reduced by 30% with respect to Example 4. The amount of flour remains unchanged. The total solid is balanced with resistant dextrin. Mono and di saccharide content of the resistant dextrin has to be considered when formulating the recipe.

(81) Total solids, oil, lecithin, whey powder and salt contents are the same for Examples 4 to 6.

(82) Comments

(83) FIG. 2 shows the sensory analysis of Examples 4, 5 and 6.

(84) Example 6 is more colored than the reference (example 4); comparative example 5 is less colored than the reference.

(85) Wafer density perceived is the same for Examples 4, 5 and 6. Examples 5 and 6 are perceived with a snap lower than the reference. Noise intensity is lower for Example 5 with respect to Examples 4 and 6.

(86) Example 6 is perceived sweeter and more flavored than Examples 4 and 5.

(87) Water activity and water content of Examples 4, 5 and 6 are detailed in table 7.

(88) Wafers obtained according to Example 5 could not be rolled due to an excessive rigidity. High glass transition temperature of wafers according to Example 5 is supposed to be the reason of this rigidity. On the contrary, Wafer obtained according to Examples 4 and 6 were rolled into a cone.

(89) In conclusion, on a sensory point of view wafers according to Example 6 are perceived with a richer flavor than the reference (Example 4) and the wafers simply reduced in sugar (Example 5); regarding processability wafers according to Example 5 could not be rolled into a cones.

(90) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Wafer recipes without dairy proteins; reference and sugar reduced (−30%) recipes with inulin. Trial 3 Example 1 Example 7 Standard −30% sucrose + Inulin Mass Dry mass Mass Dry mass Ingredients (%) (%) (%) (%) Water 39.00 NA 39.00 NA Flour soft wheat 43.50 71.31 43.50 71.31 Sucrose 16.00 26.23 10.70 17.54 Oil coconut 0.45 0.74 0.45 0.74 Lecithin 0.65 1.07 0.65 1.07 Sodium Chloride 0.40 0.66 0.40 0.66 Inulin 0.00 0.00 5.30 8.69 TOTAL 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Mono di saccharides 0.00 0.00 0.48 0.79 from Inulin Total sugar (Sucrose + 16.06 26.33 11.18 18.35 Inulin)

(91) Example 7 is a wafer recipe without dairy proteins according to the present invention wherein the sugar amount is reduced by 30% with respect to Example 1. The total solid is balanced with inulin. Mono and di saccharide content of inulin has to be considered when formulating the recipe.

(92) Total solid, flour, oil, lecithin and salt contents are the same for Examples 1 and 7.

(93) Comments

(94) Wafers obtained according to Example 7 were perceived less sweet than the wafers from Example 1. Example 7 wafers were rolled into a cone.

(95) Water activity and water content of Example 7 are detailed in table 7.

(96) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Wafer recipes with dairy proteins; reference and sugar reduced (−30%) recipes with inulin. Trial 4 Example 4 Example 8 Standard −30% Sucrose + Inulin Mass Dry mass Mass Dry mass Ingredients (%) (%) (%) (%) Water 39.00 NA 39.00 NA Flour soft wheat 39.40 64.59 39.40 64.59 Sucrose 17.50 28.69 11.70 19.18 Oil coconut 1.80 2.95 1.80 2.95 Lecithin 1.40 2.30 1.40 2.30 Sodium Chloride 0.10 0.16 0.10 0.16 Whey powder 0.80 1.31 0.80 1.31 Inulin 0.00 0.00 5.80 9.51 TOTAL 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Mono di saccharides 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.87 from Inulin Total sugar (Sucrose + 17.50 28.69 12.23 20.05 Inulin)

(97) Example 8 is a wafer recipe with dairy proteins according to the present invention wherein the sugar amount is reduced by 30% with respect to Example 4. The total solid is balanced with inulin. Mono and di saccharide content of inulin has to be considered when formulating the recipe.

(98) Total solid, flour, oil, whey powder, lecithin and salt contents are the same for Examples 4 and 8.

(99) Comments

(100) Wafers obtained according to Example 8 were perceived less sweet than the wafers from Example 4. Example 8 wafers were rolled into a cone.

(101) Water activity and water content of Example 8 are detailed in table 7.

(102) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Wafer recipes with dairy proteins; reference and sugar reduced (−40%) recipes with resistant dextrin. Trial 5 Example 4 Example 9 Standard −40% sucrose RD Mass Dry mass Mass Dry mass Ingredients (%) (%) (%) (%) Water 39.00 NA 39.00 NA Flour soft wheat 39.40 64.59 39.40 64.59 Sucrose 17.50 28.69 9.50 15.57 Oil coconut 1.80 2.95 1.80 2.95 Lecithin 1.40 2.30 1.40 2.30 Sodium Chloride 0.10 0.16 0.10 0.16 Whey powder 0.80 1.31 0.80 1.31 Resistant Dextrin 0.00 0.00 8.00 13.11 TOTAL 100.00 100 100.00 100.00 Mono di saccharides 0.00 0.00 0.75 1.23 from Resistant Dextrin Total sugar (Sucrose + 17.50 28.69 10.25 16.81 Resistant Dextrin)

(103) Example 9 is a wafer recipe with dairy proteins according to the present invention wherein the sugar amount is reduced by about 40% with respect to Example 4. The total solid is balanced with resistant dextrin. Mono and di saccharide content of resistant dextrin has to be considered when formulating the recipe.

(104) Total solid, flour, oil, whey powder, lecithin and salt contents are the same for Examples 4 and 9.

(105) Comments

(106) Wafers obtained according to Example 9 were perceived less sweet than the wafers from Example 1. Example 9 wafers were rolled into a cone.

(107) Water activity and water content of Example 9 are detailed in table 7.

(108) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Wafer recipes with dairy proteins; reference and sugar reduced (−50%) recipes with resistant dextrin. Trial 6 Example 4 Example 10 Standard −50% sucrose RD Mass Dry mass Mass Dry mass Ingredients (%) (%) (%) (%) Water 39.00 NA 39.00 NA Flour soft wheat 39.40 64.59 39.40 64.59 Sucrose 17.50 28.69 7.50 12.30 Oil coconut 1.80 2.95 1.80 2.95 Lecithin 1.40 2.30 1.40 2.30 Sodium Chloride 0.10 0.16 0.10 0.16 Whey powder 0.80 1.31 0.80 1.31 Resistant Dextrin 0.00 0.00 10.00 16.39 TOTAL 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Mono di saccharides 0.00 0.00 0.94 1.54 from Resistant Dextrin Total sugar (Sucrose + 17.50 28.69 8.44 13.84 Resistant Dextrin)

(109) Example 10 is a wafer recipe with dairy proteins according to the present invention wherein the sugar amount is reduced by about 50% with respect to Example 4. The total solid is balanced with resistant dextrin. Mono and di saccharide content of resistant dextrin has to be considered when formulating the recipe.

(110) Total solid, flour, oil, whey powder, lecithin and salt contents are the same for Examples 4 and 10.

(111) Comments

(112) Wafers obtained according to Example 7 were perceived much less sweet than the wafers from Example 1. Example 10 wafers were rolled into a cone.

(113) Water activity and water content of Example 10 are detailed in table 7.

(114) Water activity and water content of the wafers produced according to Examples 1 to 10 are listed in table 7.

(115) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Water activity and water content of Examples 1 to 10. Water activity Water content (%) Example 1 0.17 2.46 Example 2 0.19 2.95 Example 3 0.33 4.98 Example 4 0.25 3.66 Example 5 0.30 5.21 Example 6 0.25 3.17 Example 7 0.33 4.84 Example 8 0.31 4.56 Example 9 0.25 3.83 Example 10 0.36 5.58

(116) It should be understood that various changes and modifications to the presently preferred embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present subject matter and without diminishing its intended advantages. It is therefore intended that such changes and modifications be covered by the appended claims.