Split power Hydro-Mechanical Transmission with Power Circulation

Abstract

Split power hydro-mechanical transmission includes an input shaft and an output shaft, a torque converter and a planetary gear, wherein the input shaft is connected to the turbine rotor and the ring gear or the sun gear, the pump rotor is connected to the sun gear or the ring gear, and the output shaft is connected to the planet carrier. This arrangement introduces strong positive feedback between the pump rotor and the turbine rotor, which results in large maximum torque ratio and large rate of growth of torque ratio, as well as large range of (naturally automatic) torque ratio variation.

Claims

1. Hydro-mechanical transmission with power circulation includes at least: a body; an input shaft supported rotatably in said body; an output shaft supported rotatably in said body; a hydrodynamic torque converter having at least a turbine rotor, a pump rotor, and a stator secured against rotation relative the body; and a planetary gear having a sun gear, a ring gear, a first number of planet gears, and a planet gears carrier; wherein the input shaft is connected directly to the turbine rotor.

2. Hydro-mechanical transmission with power circulation according to claim 1, wherein the output shaft is connected to the planet carrier, the input shaft is connected directly to the turbine rotor and the ring gear, and the pump rotor is connected directly to the sun gear.

3. Hydro-mechanical transmission with power circulation according to claim 1, wherein the output shaft is connected to the planet carrier, the input shaft is connected directly to the turbine rotor and the sun gear, and the pump rotor is connected directly to the ring gear.

4. Hydro-mechanical transmission with power circulation according to claim 3, wherein the torque converter is a speed multiplication torque converter, in which the turbine rotor rotates faster than the pump rotor.

5. Hydro-mechanical transmission with power circulation according to claim 1, wherein the pump rotor is connected to the sun gear through a direction of rotation reversing gear.

6. Hydro-mechanical transmission with power circulation according to claim 1, wherein the pump rotor is connected to the ring gear through a direction of rotation reversing gear.

7. Hydro-mechanical transmission with power circulation includes at least: a body; an input shaft supported rotatably in said body; a first output shaft supported rotatably in said body; a hydrodynamic torque converter having at least a turbine rotor, a pump rotor, and a stator secured against rotation relative the body; a planetary gear having a sun gear, a ring gear, a first number of planet gears, and a planet gears carrier; and a speed reduction gear, having at least a first rotary member, a second rotary member, and a second output shaft; wherein the input shaft is connected to the first rotary member of the speed reduction gear, and the second output shaft of the speed reduction gear is connected directly to the second rotary member of the speed reduction gear and to the turbine rotor.

8. Hydro-mechanical transmission with power circulation according to claim 7, wherein the first output shaft is connected to the planet carrier, the second output shaft of the speed reduction gear is connected to the ring gear, and the pump rotor is connected directly to the sun gear.

9. Hydro-mechanical transmission with power circulation according to claim 7, wherein the first output shaft is connected to the planet carrier, the second output shaft of the speed reduction gear is connected to the sun gear, and the pump rotor is connected directly to the ring gear.

10. Hydro-mechanical transmission with power circulation according to claim 9, wherein the torque converter is a speed multiplication torque converter, in which the turbine rotor rotates faster than the pump rotor.

11. Hydro-mechanical transmission with power circulation according to claim 7, wherein the pump rotor is connected to the sun gear through a direction of rotation reversing gear.

12. Hydro-mechanical transmission with power circulation according to claim 7, wherein the pump rotor is connected to the ring gear through a direction of rotation reversing gear.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] FIGS. 1A-1L show kinetic schemes of known elementary hydrodynamic transmissions being combinations of torque converter and planetary gear (prior art);

[0010] FIG. 2 shows schematically the first preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the transmission input shaft is connected directly to the torque converter turbine and the ring gear, the pump is connected to the sun gear, and the output shaft is connected to the planet carrier;

[0011] FIG. 3 shows exemplary characteristic of conventional torque converter;

[0012] FIG. 4 shows exemplary characteristics of the first preferred embodiment of the transmission according to the present invention prepared basing on the torque converter characteristic shown in FIG. 3.

[0013] FIG. 5 shows schematically a variant of the first preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the transmission input shaft is connected directly to the torque converter turbine and the ring gear, the output shaft is connected to the planet carrier, and the torque converter impeller is connected to the sun gear through a direction of rotation reversing gear;

[0014] FIG. 6 shows schematically another variant of the first preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the transmission input shaft is connected to the torque converter turbine and the ring gear through a reduction gear, the output shaft is connected to the planet carrier, and the torque converter impeller is connected to the sun gear;

[0015] FIG. 7 shows schematically the second preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the transmission input shaft is connected directly to the torque converter turbine and the sun gear, the pump is connected to the ring gear, and the output shaft is connected to the planet carrier;

[0016] FIG. 8 shows an exemplary (hypothetical) speed multiplication torque converter characteristics;

[0017] FIG. 9 shows an exemplary characteristics of the second preferred embodiment of the transmission according to the present invention prepared basing on the torque converter characteristic shown in FIG. 8.

[0018] FIG. 10 shows schematically a variant of the second preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the transmission input shaft is connected to the torque converter turbine and the sun gear through the reduction gear, the impeller is connected to the ring gear, and the output shaft is connected to the planet carrier;

[0019] FIG. 11 shows schematically another variant of the second preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the transmission input shaft is connected to the torque converter turbine and the sun gear, the impeller is connected to the ring gear through a direction of rotation reversing gear, and the output shaft is connected to the planet carrier.

[0020] Like symbols denote like transmission elements throughout all the drawings, where:

[0021] Numeral 10 refers generally to the transmission of the instant invention;

[0022] numeral 11 refers generally to the torque converter;

[0023] letter T refers generally to the torque converter turbine;

[0024] letter P refers generally to the torque converter pump or impeller;

[0025] letter S refers generally to the torque converter stator;

[0026] numeral 12 refers generally to the planetary gear;

[0027] letter C refers to the planetary gear planet carrier;

[0028] symbol SG refers to the planetary gear sun gear;

[0029] symbol RG refers to the planetary gear ring gear;

[0030] symbol ISh refers to the transmission input shaft;

[0031] symbol OSh refers to the transmission output shaft;

[0032] numeral 13 refers generally to auxiliary direction of rotation reversing gear;

[0033] numeral 14 refers generally to the transmission input reduction gear;

[0034] symbol OSh1 refers to the output shaft of the transmission input reduction gear.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

First Embodiment (FIGS. 2-6)

[0035] Transmission according to the present invention 10 includes a typical torque converter 11 (with turbine and impeller rotors rotating in mutually opposite directions), and a typical planetary gear 12. The transmission input shaft ISh is connected directly to the torque converter 11 turbine rotor T and the planetary gear ring gear RG, the transmission output shaft OSh is connected with the planetary gear 12 planet carrier C, and the torque converter impeller rotor P is connected directly with the planetary gear sun gear. The torque converter of the transmission, according to the presented invention, must be large enough to absorb relatively large circulating power, and to allow to generate large output torque. To be more precise, the torque converter 11 of the transmission according to the instant invention destined for mating with a prime mover having maximum power PP and maximum output torque PT has nominal maximum input power lPP being a multiple of the maximum prime mover's power PP by a factor of l (where typically l[3,9]), and nominal maximum input torque kPT being a multiple of the maximum prime mover's output torque PP by a factor of k (where typically k[3,7]). Typically, the base transmission ratio of the planetary gear 12 (understood as the ratio of the number of teeth on the sun gear over the number of teeth on the ring gear, and denoted by b.sub.t) is chosen so that the value i.sub.t(b.sub.t) of the torque ratio of the torque converter 11 corresponding to the speed ratio i.sub.s=b.sub.t equals (depending on the application of the transmission) 40-80% of the maximum torque ratio (on stall) of the torque converter.

[0036] Now a discussion of the operation (at equilibrium states) of the transmission follows.

[0037] Let PS(t) be the output power of the prime mover at the moment t, P.sub.c(t)the circulating power at the moment t, P.sub.O (t)the power on the transmission output shaft, TS(t)torque delivered by the prime mover at the moment t, T.sub.t(t)torque on the turbine rotor at the moment t, T.sub.r1(t)=TS(t)+T.sub.t(t)the resultant torque on the transmission input shaft at the moment t, T.sub.p(t)torque on the impeller rotor at the moment t, T.sub.s(t)torque on the planetary gear sun gear at the moment t (thus T.sub.s(t)=T.sub.p(t)), T.sub.r2 (t)the resultant torque on the transmission output shaft at the moment t (note that the resultant torque on the transmission output shaft is the sum of the torque on the planetary gear 12 ring gear, and the torque on the sun gear, i.e. T.sub.r2(t)=T.sub.r1(t)+T.sub.p(t)), n.sub.1(t)rotation speed of the output shaft of the prime mover at the moment t (equal to the rotation speed of the transmission input shaft and the turbine rotor), n.sub.2(t)rotation speed of the transmission output shaft at the moment t (equal to the rotation speed of the planetary gear 12 planet carrier C), n.sub.3(t)rotation speed of the torque converter impeller at the moment t (equal to the rotation speed of the planetary gear 12 sun gear SG),

[00001]$i_s\left(t\right)=\frac{n_1\left(t\right)}{n_3\left(t\right)}$

is the torque converter speed ratio, i.sub.t(t) is the torque converter torque ratio, (i.sub.s) denotes the torque converter efficiency,

[00002]$i_s^{}\left(t\right)=\frac{n_2\left(t\right)}{n_1\left(t\right)}$

is the transmission speed ratio, i.sub.t(t) is the transmission torque ratio, (i.sub.s) denotes the overall transmission efficiency. During operation of the gear the following equations hold at equilibrium states:

T.sub.r1(t)=TS(t)+T.sub.t(t)(1) [0038] (the principal equation characterizing transmission according to the present invention: the resultant torque on the transmission input shaft is the sum of the torque on the prime mover shaft and the torque on the turbine rotor)

T.sub.s(t)=T.sub.p(t)(2)

T.sub.r2(t)=T.sub.r1(t)+T.sub.p(t)(3) [0039] (the resultant torque on the planet carrier and the output shaft equals the sum of the torques on the ring and sun gears)

[00003]$\begin{array}{cc}{T}_p\left(t\right)=b_t.Math.T_{r.Math..Math.1}\left(t\right)& \left(4\right)\\ T_t\left(t\right)=i_t\left(b_t\right).Math.T_p\left(t\right)& \left(5\right)\\ n_1\left(t_1\right)=b_t.Math.n_3\left(t_1\right)& \left(6\right)\\ \left(i_s\right)=i_s.Math.i_t& \left(7\right)\\ i_s^{}\left(t\right)=\frac{i_s\left(t\right)-b_t}{i_s\left(t\right)+i_s\left(t\right).Math.b_t}.Math..Math.\left(\mathrm{standard}.Math..Math.\mathrm{relation}.Math..Math.\mathrm{for}.Math..Math.\mathrm{planetary}.Math..Math.\mathrm{gears}\right)& \left(8\right)\\ {}^{}\left(i_s^{}\right)=i_t^{}.Math.i_s^{}& \left(9\right)\end{array}$

[0040] Equations 1-5 immediately yield:

[00004]$\begin{array}{cc}{T}_t\left(t\right)=\frac{i_t\left(t\right).Math.b_t}{1-i_t\left(t\right).Math.b_t}.Math.\mathrm{TS}\left(t\right)& \left(10\right)\\ T_{r.Math..Math.1}\left(t\right)=\frac{1}{1-i_t\left(t\right).Math.b_t}.Math.\mathrm{TS}\left(t\right)& \left(11\right)\\ T_p\left(t\right)=\frac{b_t}{1-i_t\left(t\right).Math.b_t}& \left(12\right)\\ T_{r.Math..Math.2}\left(t\right)=\frac{1+b_t}{1-i_t\left(i_s\right).Math.b_t}.Math.\mathrm{TS}\left(t\right)& \left(13\right)\\ {}^{}\left(i_s^{}\right)=\frac{i_s-b_t}{i_s-\left(i_s\right).Math.b_t}=\frac{1-\frac{b_t}{i_s}}{i_s-i_t\left(i_s\right).Math.b_t}& \left(14\right)\end{array}$

[0041] Since typically the product i.sub.t(b.sub.t)b.sub.t=(b.sub.t) assumes values close to 0.85-0.9 for the value of b.sub.t close to 0.6, the maximum value T.sub.r2max of the output torque at stall is even 10-16 times the maximum output torque of the prime mover. The lower limit of the range of variation of the transmission ratio is defined by the following conditions: T.sub.p=b.sub.tT.sub.r1=b.sub.t(T.sub.t+TS),T.sub.t=T.sub.p, i.sub.s0.9; therefore, for b.sub.t=0.6, T.sub.r23.48TS, and the range of variation of the torque ratio equals [3.48; 12] to [3.48; 16]. Also the rate of growth of the output torque

[00005]$\frac{d}{\mathrm{dt}}.Math.T_{r.Math..Math.2}\left(t\right)=\frac{1+b_t}{1-i_t\left(b_t\right).Math.b_t}.Math.\frac{d}{\mathrm{dt}}.Math.\mathrm{TS}\left(t\right)=\frac{1+b_t}{1-\left(b_t\right)}.Math.\frac{d}{\mathrm{dt}}.Math.\mathrm{TS}\left(t\right)$

(=10-16 times the rate of growth of the prime mover output torque) is large, and expected to be 3-5 times the rate of growth of the output torque specific for known transmissions.

[0042] Since the rotation speed of the turbine rotor equals the rotation speed of the prime mover shaft, this transmission operates at relatively large rotational speeds of the torque converter rotors.

[0043] FIG. 4 shows exemplary characteristics of the first embodiment of the transmission according to the present invention equipped with standard torque converter, basing on the standard torque converter characteristic shown in FIG. 3 and equations 13 and 14; unusual parameters of the transmission are easily seen in this figure.

[0044] FIG. 5 shows schematically a variant of the first preferred embodiment of the invention, where the transmission input shaft ISh is connected directly to the torque converter turbine T, the output shaft Osh is connected to the planet carrier C, and the torque converter impeller P is connected to the sun gear SG through a direction of rotation reversing gear 13 (which in this case is the ordinary differential with stopped cage), which is the only difference in comparison with the first preferred embodiment described above. The purpose of the direction of rotation reversing gear is to cause the turbine and the impeller rotate in the same direction, as it is the case with the most widespread torque converters. Operation of this transmission is similar to operation of the first variant of the first preferred embodiment of the transmission.

[0045] FIG. 6 shows schematically another variant of the first preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the transmission input shaft ISh is connected to the torque converter turbine T and the ring gear RG through a reduction gear 14, wherein the transmission output shaft OSh is connected to the planet carrier C, the torque converter impeller P is connected to the sun gear SG, and the reduction gear output shaft OSh1 is connected directly to the turbine rotor T. The purpose of the reduction gear 14 is to reduce speed of the torque converter rotors, which may improve the transmission efficiency. Operation of this transmission is similar to operation of the first variant of the first preferred embodiment of the transmission.

Second Embodiment (FIGS. 7-11)

[0046] The second preferred embodiment of the invention, shown schematically in FIG. 7, and regarded to be of particular interest, differs from the previous embodiment in that the input shaft ISh is connected directly to the turbine T and the sun gear SG (rather than ring gear), the impeller P is connected to the ring gear RG (rather that the sun gear), and the output shaft OSh is connected to the planet carrier C. Such configuration of the transmission enables to obtain substantially larger maximum output torque and rate of growth of the output torque as well as substantially larger range of variation of the output torque; however, an unusual speed multiplication torque converter (in which turbine rotates faster than the impeller) must be used in this transmission.

[0047] The following equations hold during operation of the transmission at equilibrium states:

[00006]$\begin{array}{cc}.Math.T_{r.Math..Math.1}\left(t\right)=\mathrm{TS}\left(t\right)+T_t\left(t\right)& \left(15\right)\\ T_s\left(t\right)={\mathrm{hT}}_p\left(t\right);\mathrm{again},\mathrm{for}.Math..Math.\mathrm{the}.Math..Math.\mathrm{sake}.Math..Math.\mathrm{of}.Math..Math.\mathrm{simplicity},I.Math..Math.\mathrm{assume}.Math..Math.\mathrm{that}.Math..Math.h=1& \left(16\right)\\ .Math.T_{r.Math..Math.2}\left(t\right)=T_{r.Math..Math.1}\left(t\right)+T_p\left(t\right)& \left(17\right)\\ .Math.T_p\left(t\right)=\frac{1}{b_t}.Math.T_{r.Math..Math.1}\left(t\right)& \left(18\right)\\ .Math.T_t\left(t\right)=i_t\left(t\right).Math.T_p\left(t\right)& \left(19\right)\\ .Math.n_1\left(t_1\right)=\frac{1}{b_t}.Math.n_3\left(t_1\right).Math..Math.\mathrm{for}.Math..Math.n_2\left(t_1\right)=0& \left(20\right)\\ .Math.\left(i_s\right)=i_s.Math.i_t& \left(21\right)\\ .Math.i_s^{}\left(t\right)=\frac{b_t.Math.i_s\left(t\right)-1}{i_s\left(t\right)+i_s\left(t\right).Math.b_t}& \left(22\right)\\ .Math.{}^{}\left(i_s^{}\right)=i_t^{}.Math.i_s^{}& \left(23\right)\end{array}$

[0048] Equations 15-23 immediately yield:

[00007]$\begin{array}{cc}{T}_t\left(t\right)=\frac{i_t\left(t\right)}{b_t-i_t\left(t\right)}.Math.\mathrm{TS}\left(t\right)& \left(24\right)\\ T_{r.Math..Math.1}\left(t\right)=\frac{b_t}{b_t-i_t\left(t\right)}.Math.\mathrm{TS}\left(t\right)& \left(25\right)\\ T_p\left(t\right)=\frac{1}{b_t-i_t\left(t\right)}.Math.\mathrm{TS}\left(t\right)& \left(26\right)\\ T_{r.Math..Math.2}\left(t\right)=\frac{1+b_t}{b_t-i_t\left(i_s\right)}.Math.\mathrm{TS}\left(t\right)=\frac{1+\frac{1}{b_t}}{1-\frac{\left(i_s\right)}{i_s.Math.b_t}}.Math.\mathrm{TS}\left(t\right),i_t^{}=\frac{1+\frac{1}{b_t}}{1-\frac{\left(i_s\right)}{i_s.Math.b_t}}& \left(27\right)\\ {}^{}\left(i_s^{}\right)=\frac{i_s-\frac{1}{b_t}}{i_s-\frac{\left(i_s\right)}{b_t}}.Math..Math.\left(\mathrm{where}.Math..Math.i_s=i_s\left(t\right),\mathrm{etc}.\right)& \left(28\right)\\ T_{r.Math..Math.2.Math.\max }=\frac{1+\frac{1}{b_t}}{1-\left(b_t\right)}.Math.{\mathrm{TS}}_{\max }& \left(29\right)\\ \frac{d}{\mathrm{dt}}.Math.T_{r.Math..Math.2.Math.\mathrm{stall}}=\frac{1+\frac{1}{b_t}}{1-\left(b_t\right)}.Math.\frac{d}{\mathrm{dt}}.Math.\mathrm{TS}.& \left(30\right)\end{array}$

[0049] Hypothetical speed multiplication torque converter characteristics shown in FIG. 8 were prepared using characteristics of a conventional torque converter basing on the following Conjecture:

[0050] Conjecture/Hypothesis. The efficiency .sub.m(i.sub.s), resp. the torque ratio i.sub.tm(i.sub.s), of the speed-multiplying torque converter (i.sub.s1), corresponding to the speed ratio i.sub.s, equals

[00008]$\left(\frac{1}{i_s}\right),$

resp.

[00009]$\left(\frac{1}{i_s}\right).Math.\frac{1}{i_s}$

(for i.sub.s[a, b] for certain values of a and b), where

[00010]$\left(\frac{1}{i_s}\right)$

is the efficiency of the conventional torque converter for the speed ratio

[00011]$\frac{1}{i_s}$

(where the speed ratio is understood as the ratio of the rotational speed of turbine to the rotational speed of pump); thus the efficiency of the hypothetical speed-multiplication torque converter at the speed ratio i.sub.s1, understood as the ratio of the rotational speed of the faster rotor (turbine) to the rotational speed of the slower rotor (pump), is assumed to be equal to the efficiency of the conventional torque converter at the same speed ratio i.sub.s1 understood as the ratio of the rotational speed of the faster rotor (pump) to the rotational speed of the slower rotor (turbine). Basing on these speed multiplication torque converter characteristics the transmission characteristics for basis transmission ratio of the planetary gear b.sub.t=0.95 were plotted, as shown in FIG. 9.

[0051] Thus

[00012]$T_{r.Math..Math.2.Math.\mathrm{stall}}=29.32.Math.{\mathrm{TS}}_{\max },\frac{d}{\mathrm{dt}}.Math.T_{r.Math..Math.2.Math.\mathrm{stall}}=2932.Math.\frac{d}{\mathrm{dt}}.Math.\mathrm{TS},.Math.T_{r.Math..Math.2.Math.\min }=2.059.Math.{\mathrm{TS}}_{\max },\frac{T_{r.Math..Math.2.Math.\mathrm{stall}}}{T_{r.Math..Math.2.Math.\min }}=\frac{i_{\mathrm{tmax}}^{}}{i_{\mathrm{tmin}}^{}}=14.24,$

and the overall transmission efficiency varies from 0 at stall to 0.97 for i.sub.s=0.47. The most outstanding, and extremely valuable, feature of this (hypothetical) transmission is its exceptionally large range of variation of torque ratio (defined by

[00013]$\frac{i_{\mathrm{tmax}}^{}}{i_{\mathrm{tmin}}^{}}=14.24),$

which eliminates, in most applications, the need for multi-stage mechanical gears. Another outstanding feature of this transmission is its good efficiency, which is greater than 0.8 for speed ratio i.sub.s(0.17, 0.47), i.e. for speed ratios covering 64% of the whole range of the speed ratio variation. Since the efficiency q of the torque converter varies within the limits 0.87-0.1 as the transmission speed ratio i.sub.s varies within the limits 0.17-0.47 (which was computed using equations Eq. (28) and Eq. (34)), this points out to large share of the power being transferred by the mechanical branch of the transmission for i.sub.s (0.17, 0.47). Very rapid growth of torque ratio for speed ratio i.sub.s.fwdarw.0, and exceptionally large torque ratio at stall can also be seen in FIG. 9. These features of the transmission being discussed render it very attractive for loaders and dozers and other heavy machinery.

[0052] FIG. 10 shows schematically another variant of the second preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the transmission input shaft ISh is connected to the torque converter turbine T and the sun gear SG through a reduction gear 14, wherein the output shaft OSh is connected to the planet carrier C, the torque converter impeller P is connected to the ring gear RG, and the reduction gear output shaft OSh1 is connected directly to the turbine rotor T. The purpose of the reduction gear 14 is to reduce speed of the torque converter rotors, which may improve the transmission efficiency. Operation of this transmission is similar to operation of the first variant of the first preferred embodiment of the transmission.

[0053] FIG. 11 shows schematically a variant of the second preferred embodiment of the invention, where the transmission input shaft ISh is connected directly to the torque converter turbine T and the sun gear SG, the output shaft Osh is connected to the planet carrier C, and the torque converter impeller P is connected to the ring gear RG through a direction of rotation reversing gear 13 (which in this case is the ordinary differential with stopped cage), which is the only difference in comparison with the second preferred embodiment described above. The purpose of the direction of rotation reversing gear is to cause the turbine and the impeller rotate in the same direction, as it is the case with the most widespread torque converters. Operation of this transmission is similar to operation of the first variant of the second preferred embodiment of the transmission.