Plant for production of cement with reduced emission of pollutant gasses

Abstract

A plant for production of cement clinker from raw meal, having a calciner for deacidification of the raw meal and a rotary furnace for sintering the deacidified raw meal to give cement clinker. The deacidified raw meal flows through a cyclone preheating stage into the rotary furnace. A reactor is provided upstream of the calciner on the flow path of the rotary furnace offgas to the calciner, to which an inlet for the rotary furnace offgas leads. A corresponding method of operating such a plant wherein fuel is added to the reactor in a superstoichiometric amount in relation to the residence time of the offgases in the reactor, such that carbon dioxide present in the offgases is reduced to carbon monoxide. At least one input air conduit for supplying input air, preferably coming from a tertiary air conduit, is provided at at least one point in the reactor.

Claims

1-11. (canceled)

12. A plant for the production of cement clinker from raw meal comprising, seen in the direction of material flow: at least one calciner for deacidification of the raw meal, and at least one rotary furnace for sintering of the deacidified raw meal into cement clinker, wherein the deacidified raw meal, after passing through the calciner, flows through a cyclone preheating stage into the rotary furnace, wherein a reactor installed upstream of the calciner on the flow path of the offgas of the rotary furnace to the calciner is provided, to which an inlet for the offgas of the rotary furnace leads, and wherein at least one inlet air line for the supply of fresh air is provided at at least one site in the reactor.

13. The plant as claimed in claim 12, wherein the fresh air comes from a tertiary air line that feeds recuperation air from a clinker cooler installed downstream of the rotary furnace in the direction of material flow back into the plant.

14. The plant as claimed in claim 12, wherein a control device is provided that regulates the fresh air supplied to the reactor based on at least one of the following parameters: average reactor temperature, reactor temperature in the lower area of the reactor, reactor temperature in the upper area of the reactor, NOx emissions, and gasification rate, measured as CO concentration.

15. The plant as claimed in claim 12, wherein at least one of a feed of water or water vapor to the reactor, or a feed of oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen is provided.

16. The plant as claimed in claim 12, wherein at least one feed of raw meal that is heated but has not yet flowed through the calciner to the reactor is provided.

17. A method for operating a plant for the production of cement clinker from raw meal comprising, seen in the direction of material flow: at least one calciner for deacidification of the raw meal and at least one rotary furnace for sintering of the deacidified raw meal into cement clinker, wherein the deacidified raw meal, after passing through the calciner, flows through a cyclone preheating stage into the rotary furnace, comprising the steps: conducting the offgases of the rotary furnace to a reactor installed upstream of the calciner on the flow path of the offgases of the rotary furnace to the calciner, adding fuel to the reactor in a superstoichiometric amount in relation to the residence time of the offgases in the reactor so that carbon dioxide contained in the offgases is reduced to carbon monoxide, and supplying fresh air to the reactor at at least one site in the reactor.

18. The method for operating a plant for the product of cement clinker as claimed in claim 17, wherein the fresh air comes from a tertiary air line that feeds the recuperation air from a clinker cooler installed downstream of the rotary furnace in the direction of material flow back into the plant.

19. The method for operating a plant for the production of cement clinker as claimed in claim 17, wherein control of the fresh air supplied to the reactor is based on at least one of the following parameters: average reactor temperature, reactor temperature in the lower area of the reactor, reactor temperature in the upper area of the reactor, NOx emissions, and gasification rate, measured as CO concentration.

20. The method for operating a plant for the production of cement clinker as claimed in claim 17, including a step of at least one of: feeding at least one of water or water vapor into the reactor at at least one site, or feeding at least one of oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen into the reactor at at least one site.

21. The method for operating a plant for the production of cement clinker as claimed in claim 17, including the step of heating at least one feed of raw meal before it has flowed through the calciner through a feed line.

22. The method for operating a plant for the production of cement clinker as claimed in claim 17, including an autothermic process control in which the heat absorbed by the process for endothermic gasification of fuel to carbon monoxide is compensated for by the heat released by the process on combustion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The invention will be explained in further detail with reference to the following FIGURE. The FIGURE is as follows:

[0017] The FIGURE shows a plant for the production of cement clinker according to the invention with a reactor configured as a gooseneck reactor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0018] The FIGURE shows a plant 1 for the production of cement clinker according to the invention in which raw meal 2 is fed into the preheater 1.1. The raw meal 2 passes through the individual cyclone preheating stages of the preheater 1.1 from top to bottom in countercurrent to the exhaust air rising in the preheater 1.1 from the calciner 3. In the calciner 3, under addition of fuel, fuel heat is generated that deacidifies the raw meal 2, i.e., in an endothermic reaction, carbon dioxide (CO2) is removed in a chemically formal manner from the lime (CaCO3) contained in the raw meal 2, so that burnt lime remains in the form of calcium oxide (CaO). When it arrives at the cyclone preheating stage 1.2, the preheated raw meal 2 is fed into the bottom of the calciner 3 via a line 1.3, where the raw meal 2 is entrained by tertiary air 4 from a clinker cooler 11 into a tertiary air line 4.1. At this point, the raw meal 2, together with the gas that otherwise flows in a countercurrent, flows into the plant 1 instead of flowing in a countercurrent. On rising together in the calciner 3, the raw meal 2 from line 1.3 and the tertiary air 4 from tertiary air line 4.1 pass the inflow site at the gas outlet 5.2 for the offgas flowing from the reactor 5 resulting from the carbonization, pyrolysis and/or combustion of poorly ignitable fuel 6, which is produced in the plant 1 shown here for the production of cement clinker CC in a gooseneck reactor. The offgas from the reactor 5 burns in the calciner 3, where it generates a considerable amount of heat that is absorbed in the endothermic deacidification reaction taking place therein. The calciner 3 shown here has a vortex chamber 7 at the end of the calciner 3 in which the burnoff gas and any fuel injected into the calciner 3 can be fully burned out before the offgas of the calciner 3 flows into the heat exchanger 1.1, because to the extent possible, no further substance conversion should take place in the heat exchanger 1.1. On passing through the lowest cyclone heat exchanger stage 1.4, the raw meal 2 is separated and fed via a line 1.5 into the rotary furnace inlet chamber 9, where the raw meal 2 is further heated for sintering in the rotary furnace 8. In order to distribute the gas flows into the calciner 3 between the tertiary air line 4.1 and the reactor path, a valve system 10 is provided by means of which the air can be divided between the tertiary air line 4.1 and the reactor 5. The poorly ignitable fuel 6 is ignited at a combustion site in the reactor 5 at which, however, because of its poor ignitability, the fuel is only slowly burned off, carbonized, or pyrolyzed in the heat of the rotary furnace offgas.

[0019] According to the concept of the invention, it is provided that there is at least one incoming air line 12 for fresh air on at least one site in the reactor 5 above the fuel 6 supply. The preheated tertiary air 4 brings a considerable amount of heat energy into the reactor 5 in order to reliably gasify or even pyrolyze the fuels therein, wherein the gasification and pyrolysis take place as an endothermic process. In addition to the gasification of fuel 6, the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the offgases of the rotary furnace 8 to carbon monoxide (CO) also takes place in a Boudouard reaction in the reactor. The decrease in temperature occurring during endothermic process control inside the reaction section of the reactor 5 on the path between the supply of fuel 6 and the fresh air feed lines 12.1 and 12.2 is compensated for by combustion that is substoichiometric with respect to the fuel and superstoichiometric with respect to the combustion air or oxygen present, with the combustion taking place as an exothermic process.

[0020] In order to prevent the gasification from overshooting or the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the offgases of the reactor from being on the side of the carbon dioxide rather than the side of the carbon monoxide due to excessively high temperature, it is provided to use cooling means according to a configuration of the method. The cooling can be carried out by means of raw meal feed via a raw meal feed line 1.6 and via injection of water vapor or water at this site, and optionally at further sites that require temperature regulation.

[0021] In the ideal case, the process control is carried out autothermically by regulating the fresh air supply to the fresh air inlet lines 12.1 and 12.2. In autothermic process control, by means of exothermic process steps, exactly as much combustion or process heat is produced as that consumed by endothermic process steps that also occur during the process.

[0022] In order to control the gasification and the Boudouard reaction in connection therewith taking place in the reactor 5, a fuel 6 or a difficult fuel is preferably fed in at the bottom of the reactor 5, with the fuel beginning to undergo gasification in the rotary furnace offgases from the rotary furnace 8. The decrease in temperature due to the endothermic gasification reaction before the first fresh air feed 12.1 and before the second fresh air feed 12.2 is compensated for by the fresh air feeds 12.1. and 12.2, because the carbon monoxide (CO) already produced is burned there to form carbon dioxide (CO2) in an exothermic process step. In this case, it is preferably provided that the fresh air supply at the fresh air feeds 12.1 and 12.2 is just high enough for the process in the reactor 5 to take place autothermically. Because of the autothermic process control, the gas flowing in the descending branch 5.1 of the reactor 5 has an unchanged temperature with respect to the rotary furnace offgases.

[0023] As is apparent from the foregoing specification, the invention is susceptible of being embodied with various alterations and modifications which may differ particularly from those that have been described in the preceding specification and description. It should be understood that I wish to embody within the scope of the patent warranted hereon all such modifications as reasonably and properly come within the scope of my contribution to the art.

TABLE-US-00001 LIST OF REFERENCE NOS. 1 Plant 1.1 Preheater 1.2 Cyclone heat exchanger stage 1.3 Line 1.4 Cyclone heat exchanger stage 1.5 Line 1.6 Raw meal feed 2 Raw meal 3 Calciner 4 Tertiary air 4.1. Tertiary air line 5 Reactor 5.1 Descending branch 5.2 Inflow site/gas outlet 6 Fuel 7 Vortex chamber 8 Rotary furnace 9 Rotary furnace inlet chamber 10 Valve system 11 Clinker cooler 12 Inlet air line 12.1 Fresh air feed 12.2 Fresh air feed CC Cement clinker