COOPERATIVE SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY TORQUE TUBES FOR CONTINUOUS-ACTION TURNING MOTOR

Abstract

An engine turning clock work motor including two shape memory alloy (SMA) torque tube actuators, ratcheting mechanisms, and gearing. The gearing communicates the SMA torque tube actuators with a common gear that applies torque to a shaft, so that while one torque tube is heated and applying torque, the other torque tube is relaxed (using a cooling mechanism). The ratchet prevents the relaxing torque tube from applying torque in the incorrect direction.

Claims

1. A motor (200), comprising: cooperatively connected (224) torque tubes (202a), (202b) each comprising a shape memory alloy (204), wherein the cooperatively connected torque tubes (202a), (202b) generate a continuous torque output (208c) when the torque tubes (202a), (202b) sequentially change shape (216) in response to heat (218).

2. The motor of claim 1, wherein the shape memory alloy (204) comprises Nickel and Titanium.

3. The motor of claim 1, wherein the shape memory alloy (204) comprises an alloy including at least two metals selected from nickel, titanium, zinc, copper, gold, palladium, platinum, and iron.

4. The motor (200) of claim 1, wherein the SMA (204) consists essentially of NiTiHf having an Hf content in a range of 10%-30%.

5. The motor of claim 1, wherein the torque tubes each have a length (L) in a range of 5-50 inches and a diameter (OD), (ID) in a range of 0.1-2 inches.

6. The motor of claim 1, wherein the shape memory alloy (204) comprises a composition and the torque tubes (202b), (202a) have dimensions (L), (OD), (ID), such that the torque tubes (202b), (202a) output at least 200 inch pounds of torque (208c) in response to the SMA changing temperature by 300 degrees Celsius.

7. The motor of claim 1, wherein: the cooperatively connected (224) torque tubes (202a), (202b) comprise a pair of the torque tubes (202a, 202b) connected to gearing (206), the gearing (206) transfers torque (208a), (208b) from each torque tube (202a, 202b) sequentially so as to generate the continuous torque output (208c), and the torque (208a), (208b) from each of the torque tubes (202a, 202b) is in the same direction (210).

8. The motor of claim 7, further comprising a heater (402) coupled to each of the torque tubes (202a, 202b), wherein each of the torque tubes (202a, 202b) change their shape (224) by untwisting (302) in response to the heat (218) applied by the heater (402) that transforms the SMA into an austenitic phase (308).

9. The motor of claim 8, wherein the heater (402) comprises a coil (404) of wire (406) about one end (408) of each of the torque tubes (202a, 202b), so as to provide the heat (226) through induction when a current (I) is passed through the wire (406).

10. The motor of claim 8, further comprising: an output shaft (220) connected to the gearing (206); a controller (1100) activating the heater (402) so as to sequentially heat (218) the torque tubes (202a, 202b), wherein: the gearing (206) transfers the torque (208a) from one of the torque tubes (202a) to the output shaft (220) when the other of the torque tubes (202b) is cooling (312), and the torque (208a) from each of torque tubes (202a, 202b) turns (400) the output shaft (220) in the same direction (210).

11. The motor of claim 10, further comprising a cooling system (604) coupled to each of the torque tubes (202a, 202b), wherein the torque tube (202a, 202b) that is cooling (312) twists in response to the cooling (312) from the cooling system (604) that transforms the shape memory alloy into a martensitic phase (306).

12. The motor of claim 10, further comprising a ratcheting mechanism (212) connected to the end (214) of each of the torque tubes (202a, 202b) so that each of the torque tubes (202a),(202b) untwist (302) continuously in a first direction (210) in response to the heat (310).

13. The motor of claim 1, wherein the torque tubes (202a), (202b) are each trained to output torque (208a), (208b) capable of turning (606) a rotor shaft (122) so as to reduce or prevent thermal bowing (B) of the rotor shaft (122) in a temperature gradient (T).

14. The motor of claim 13, wherein: the rotor shaft (122) has a longitudinal axis (128) and is disposed inside a casing (104, 106, 140); the casing (104, 106, 140) comprises trapped air (116) creating the temperature gradient (T) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (128), and the torque (208c) turns (606) the rotor shaft (122) about the longitudinal axis (128).

15. The motor of claim 12, wherein the rotor shaft (122) is the rotor shaft in an aircraft gas turbine engine (138).

16. The motor of claim 13, wherein the motor (200) is attached to an aircraft engine gearbox 500.

17. a torque tube (202a), comprising: a shape memory alloy (204), wherein the torque tube (202a) is trained to output torque (208a) capable of turning (606) a rotor shaft (122) so as to reduce or prevent thermal bowing (B) of the rotor shaft (122) in a temperature gradient (T).

18. The torque tube of claim 1, wherein the SMA (204) consists essentially of NiTiHf having an Hf content in a range of 10%-30% and the torque tube (202a) has a length (L) in a range of 5-50 inches and a diameter (OD), (ID) in a range of 0.1-2 inches.

19. A motor (200), comprising: a pair of torque tubes (202a),(202b) each comprising a shape memory alloy (204), wherein the torque tubes (202a),(202b) are each trained to output torque (208a) when the shape memory alloy is heated into an austenitic phase (306); a ratcheting mechanism (212) connected to each of the torque tubes (202a),(202b) and allowing untwisting (304) of the torque tube (202a), (202b) in a first direction (210); and gearing (206) connected to the torque tubes (202a),(202b) wherein: the gearing (206) outputs the torque (208a) from each torque tube (202a, 202b) sequentially, the torque (208a) from each of the torque tubes (202a, 202b) is in the same direction (210).

20. The motor of claim 19, wherein the torque tubes (202a), (202b) are each trained to output torque (208a) capable of turning (606) a rotor shaft (122) so as to reduce or prevent thermal bowing (B) of the rotor shaft (122) in a temperature gradient (T).

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Referring now to the drawings in which like reference numbers represent corresponding parts throughout:

[0016] FIG. 1A is a schematic illustration of a gas turbine engine.

[0017] FIG. 1B illustrates the gas turbine engine mounted in a nacelle on an aircraft.

[0018] FIG. 2 illustrates a motor comprising a pair of torque tubes each comprising an SMA.

[0019] FIGS. 3A-3E illustrate the shape memory effect.

[0020] FIGS. 4A-4C illustrates an embodiment wherein the motor comprising the pair of torque tubes is coupled to a heater.

[0021] FIG. 4D illustrates a sprag clutch used to engage and disengage the torque tubes to the output shaft in FIG. 2 and FIGS. 4A-4C.

[0022] FIG. 4E illustrates a ratcheting mechanism comprising a ratchet and pawl, for use with the torque tubes illustrated in FIG. 2 and FIGS. 4A-4D.

[0023] FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment wherein the motor comprising the torque tubes is attached to an aircraft engine gearbox.

[0024] FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment wherein a gas turbine engine (138) is drivably connected to the motor comprising a torque tube.

[0025] FIGS. 7-9 illustrate experimental results showing characteristics of one or more SMA motor embodiments (wherein in FIG. 9 the different curves represent data taken under different loads (so stress is different in each SMA element and increasing load biases the SMA element and changes the delta between the austenite (hot) and martensite (cold) shapes, as seen as the y axis change as a function of temperature).

[0026] FIG. 10 illustrates a method of fabricating an SMA actuated motor.

[0027] FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary hardware environment for activating the SMA motor.

DESCRIPTION

[0028] In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and which is shown, by way of illustration, several embodiments. It is understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

Technical Description

Example Apparatus

[0029] FIG. 2 illustrates a motor (200) comprising cooperatively connected torque tubes (202a), (202b) each comprising a shape memory alloy (204). The cooperatively connected torque tubes (202a), (202b) comprise a pair of the torque tubes (202a, 202b) connected to gearing (206). The gearing (206a) includes sprag gears (206a), each comprising a sprag clutch (206b) connected to a gear (206c), and an output/common gear (206d) engaging the gear (206c). The gearing (206) transfers torque (208a), (208b) from each torque tube (202a, 202b) sequentially so as to generate a torque output (208c), and so that the torque (208a), (208b) from each of the torque tubes (202a, 202b) is in the same direction (210). A ratcheting mechanism (212) is connected to the end (214) of each of the torque tubes (202a, 202b) in order to control the motion of the torque tubes (202a), (202b).

[0030] In one or more embodiments, the cooperatively connected torque tubes (202a), (202b) generate the torque output (208c) that is continuous (e.g., without interruption in time) when the torque tubes (202a), (202b) sequentially change shape (216) in response to heat (218) and the torque output (208c) transitions from comprising the torque (208a) provided by one torque tube (202a) to comprising the torque (208b) provided the other torque tube (202b). The gearing (206) transfers the torque output (208c) to an output shaft (220) connected to the gearing (206).

[0031] FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C illustrate torque tubes (202a), (202b) fabricated from an SMA and having a length L (e.g., in a range of 5-50 inches), an inner diameter (ID) (e.g., in a range of 0.1-2 inches), and an outer diameter (OD) (e.g., in a range of 0.1-2 inches). The dashed line (300) is a guide to the eye indicating how the torque tubes (202a), (202b) change their shape (216), by untwisting (302) in response to the heat (218) that transforms the SMA into an austenitic phase (306) (FIG. 3C) or by twisting (304) in response to the cooling (312) that transforms the SMA into a martensitic phase (308) (FIG. 3B).

[0032] FIG. 3D illustrates the shape memory effect is thermally activated, the SMA having a martensitic phase (308) (characterized by low modulus deformation) at a first temperature (Mf) and the austenite phase (306) (characterized by high modulus deformation) at a second temperature A.sub.f. FIG. 3D further illustrates the lower modulus deformation in the martensitic phase (308) is characterized by a weight (W) deforming the SMA by a greater amount in the martensitic phase (308) than in the austenite phase (306) (the SMA spring 322 is engineered to expand when heated to undergo the austenitic transformation).

[0033] FIG. 3E illustrates that in some embodiments, thermal activation causes a microstructural phase change that produces a shape change (216) under load (i.e., cooling (312) cools the SMA into a twinned martensitic phase (320); when the SMA is connected to a load, the SMA transforms into its detwinned martensitic phase (308) which creates large motion change.

[0034] FIGS. 4A-4C illustrates an actual implementation of a motor (400) comprising a heater (402) coupled to the torque tubes (202a), (202b). The heater (402) comprises a coil (404) of wire (406) about one end (408) of each of the torque tubes (202a, 202b), so as to provide the heat (218) through induction when a current (I) is passed through the wire (406). However, other heating systems (e.g., waste heat harvesting systems) as known in the art may also be used. Passive air cooling (410) provides the cooling (312) to each of the torque tubes (202a, 202b) as described herein. The ratcheting mechanism (212) connected to the end (214) of each of the torque tubes (202a, 202b) allows the torque tubes (202) to untwist (302) continuously in a first direction (210) in response to the heat (218).

[0035] FIG. 4D illustrates a sprag clutch (206b) that is connected to each of the torque tubes (202a), (202b). Each of the sprag clutches (206b) comprise an outer member (412), an inner member (414), sprags (416), and a cage (418). The outer member (412) is attached to the gear (206c) so as to rotate with the gear (206c). The inner member (414) is attached to rotate with the torque tube (202a), (202b). When the torque tube (202a), (202b) generates torque (208a) in response to heat (218) so as to rotate in the first direction (210), rotation of the inner member (414) causes the sprags (416) to engage the outer member (412) so that the torque (208a) is transferred to the gear (206c). The gear (206c) engages output gear (206d) so as to transfer torque (208a) to output shaft (220) connected to output gear (206d). When the torque tube (202a) is cooling (312) and rotates in the second direction (312) opposite the first direction (210), the inner member (414) rotates so that the sprags (416) do not engage the outer member (412). Thus, any torque from the torque tube (202a), (202b) is not transferred to the output shaft (220), (420) and the sprag gear (206a) allows transmission of torque in only one direction.

[0036] FIG. 4E illustrates the ratcheting mechanism (212) comprises a ratchet wheel (422) operatively coupled to a pawl (424). The ratchet wheel (422) is attached to the torque tube (202a). The pawl (424) is attached to a support or mount (426) fixed to a housing (428) containing the torque tubes (202a), (202b). The torque tubes (202a) and (202b) are attached to the housing (428),(228) via a bearings in a mount (430).

[0037] FIGS. 4A-4C further illustrate the output shaft (420) is capable of moving a hanging mass (432) via a pulley system (434). The hanging mass (432) simulates the load being driven by the torque output (208c). During testing, each torque tube (202a), (202b) provided torque (208c) to the output shaft (420) for a half cycle and the output shaft (420) connected to the mass (432) rotated at 1 revolution per minute (RPM).

Example Installation

[0038] FIG. 5 illustrates the motor (200) comprising the torque tubes (202a), (202b) attached to an aircraft engine gearbox 500. A high pressure fuel pump (502), fuel flow governor (504), low pressure fuel pump (506), hydraulic pump (508), oil pump (510), a centrifugal breather (512), and a generator (514) are also shown attached to pads on a face (516) of the gearbox (500). The gearbox (500) comprises spur gears (518) that transfer torque (520), from the transmission (130) driven by the gas turbine engine (138), to the various accessories (502), (504), (506), (508), (510), (512), and (514) that use the torque (520) to provide energy to perform their function.

[0039] When the output shaft (220) engages the transmission (130), the motor (200) drives or turns the rotor shaft (122), e.g., so as to reduce or prevent thermal bowing (B) of the rotor shaft (122) in a temperature gradient (T). In one or more embodiments, the transmission (130) comprises a clutch drivably coupling the output shaft (220) to the transmission shaft (130a).

Example Application

[0040] FIG. 6 illustrates a system (600) comprising a gas turbine engine (138) connected to the motor (200). The gas turbine engine (138) comprises a rotor shaft (122) having a longitudinal axis (128), wherein the rotor shaft (122) is disposed inside a casing (104, 106, 140). Trapped air (116) inside the casing (104, 106, 140) creates a temperature gradient (T) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (128). While FIG. 6 illustrates the rotor shaft (122) comprising a HP shaft in a 2 spool engine (138), in other embodiments, the rotor shaft is a LP shaft (114) (e.g., in a 2 spool or 3 spool engine) or an intermediate-pressure shaft in a 3 spool or 2 spool engine. The gearbox may be attached to the fan case (104).

[0041] When the motor (200) is activated, the gearing (206) outputs the torque (208c) to the transmission (130) via gearbox (500). The torque (208c) is transmitted to the rotor shaft (122) via the transmission (130) comprising a transmission shaft (130a) and gearing (130b), (130c) connecting the transmission shaft (130b) to the rotor shaft (122).

[0042] A controller (1100) activates the heater/heating system (602) so as to sequentially heat (218) the torque tubes (202a, 202b) and the gearing (206) transfers the torque (206a) from one of the torque tubes (202a) when the other of the torque tubes (202b) is cooled (using cooling system (604)). As described herein, the torque tube (202a), (202b) that is cooling (312) is disengaged from the transmission (130).

[0043] Thus, the torque (208a), (208b) from each of torque tubes (202a, 202b) turns (606) the rotor shaft (122) in one direction about the longitudinal axis (128) so as to reduce or prevent thermal bowing (B) of the rotor shaft (122) in a temperature gradient (T).

[0044] In various embodiments, the motor (200) turns (606) the rotor shaft (122) periodically (i.e. once every 10 minutes, 30 minutes, hour, etc.) over a period of time (e.g., 8 hours) to promote an even temperature profile in the rotor shaft 122. Rotation examples include the motor (200) turning or rotating the rotor shaft (122) a full revolution, a plurality of revolutions, a partial revolution, or in increments. In one example, the motor (200) drives the rotor shaft (122) with a speed and for a duration such that the probability of a compressor rub is less than e-8 per flight-hour (or less than 1 chance in 100 million per flight hour (1108 per flight hour))

[0045] Examples of the heater (602) include, but are not limited to, an energy harvester that transfers waste heat from the aircraft or aircraft engine (138) so as to heat the torque tubes (202a), (202b) into the austenitic phase. Examples of the cooler/cooling system (604) include, but are not limited to, a passive cooling system or a system that uses air cooling (e.g., using pressurized air).

Experimental results

[0046] FIGS. 7-9 illustrate experimental results showing characteristics of one or more rotary SMA motor embodiments (200), (400) described herein.

[0047] FIG. 7 plots (log moment of inertia) as a function of log (torque).

[0048] FIG. 8 plots rotation of a torque tube (202a), (202b) as a function of temperature applied to the torque tube (202a), (202b), wherein the torque tube (202a), (202b) consists essentially of NiTiHf (20% Hf) and has a length=4 inches, an OD=0.375 inches, and an ID=0.225 inches

[0049] FIG. 9 illustrates the load (inch*lbs) as a function of rotation angle for the torque tube (202a), (202b) measured in FIG. 8.

[0050] The results presented herein demonstrate that SMA motors (200), (400) may replace conventional actuation systems such as DC motors.

Process Steps

[0051] FIG. 10 illustrates a method of fabricating one or more torque tubes (202a), (202b) and/or motor (200) comprising the torque tubes. The method comprises the following steps.

[0052] Block 1000 represents obtaining an untwisted torque tube (316) comprising or consisting essentially of, an SMA.

[0053] Examples of torque tube dimensions include, but are not limited to, a length L in a range of 5-50 inches and a diameter (OD or ID) in a range of 0.1-2 inches.

[0054] In one or more embodiments, the SMA comprises or consists essentially of nickel and titanium. In yet further embodiments, the SMA comprises, or consists essentially of, nickel, titanium, and hafnium (NiTiHf). In one example, the Hf content in the NiTiHf is in a range of 10%-50%. In another example, the Hf content in the NiTiHf is in a range of 15%-30%. In yet another example, the NiTiHf contains 50% Hf, 10%-25% Hf, with Ti making up the remainder.

[0055] SMA compositions consisting essentially of NiTi may be particularly suitable for use with heating systems (502) that harvest waste heat energy used to heat the SMA into the austenitic phase (thereby reducing power consumption). SMA compositions consisting essentially of NiTiHf may be particularly suitable for use with passive cooling systems (604) used to cool the SMA into the martensitic phase (SMA's consisting essentially of NiTi may require relatively more complex cooling systems for cooling (312) into the martensitic phase).

[0056] Block 1002 represents heating the torque tube (316) so that the SMA has an austenitic structure (306) and the torque tube is in an untwisted state (forming untwisted tube (318)). In one or more embodiments, the heating uses induction heating via a magnet wire and a high frequency, high current amplifier.

[0057] Block 1004 represents cooling the torque tube (318) so that the SMA transforms into a martensitic structure or phase (308). In one embodiment, the cooling is air cooling, e.g., using pressurized air.

[0058] Block 1006 represents twisting the torque tube (318) comprising the SMA having the martensitic structure, so as to form a twisted torque tube (320).

[0059] Block 1008 represents heating the twisted torque tube (320) so that the twisted torque tube untwists to the untwisted state (forming untwisted tube (318)). Steps (1000)-(1006) may be repeated as desired until the desired torque output (208a) is achieved, so as to form torque tubes (202a), (202b).

[0060] In one or more embodiments, the torque tube (202a), (202b) after the thermomechanical treatment of steps (1000)-(1006) is further characterized by an actuation modulus of 1.1 MPSI in the austenite phase (306) and 1.8 MPSI in the martensitic phase (308), as well as a two way shape memory effect (SME) of 3.6% (the material remembers its austenite shape. and with 2 way SME training, thermomechanical processing creates the memory of the stable martensite shape). Higher torque at a higher temperature is typically achieved using the NiTiHf torque tube as compared to a the torque tube consisting essentially of NiTi. The temperature range at which NiTi changes shape is between 50 C.-110 C. whereas the temperature range at which the NiTiHf changes shape depends on stoichiometry (NiTiHf with 20% Hf is changes shape at 125 C.-200 C.

[0061] In one or more embodiments, the untwisting of the torque tubes (202a), (202b) outputs torque (208a), (208b) capable of turning (606) a rotor shaft (122) so as to reduce or prevent thermal bowing (B) of the rotor shaft (122) in a temperature gradient (T). In yet further embodiments, the SMA comprises a composition and the torque tubes (202b), (202a) have dimensions, such that the torque tube (202a), (202b) outputs at least 200 inch pounds of torque (208a), (208b) in response to the torque tube (202a), (202b) changing in temperature by 300 degrees when heat (218) is applied.

[0062] In various examples, a 0.325 OD torque tube (202a) generates over 200 in-lbs of torque, a 2 OD torque tube (202a) generates over 35,000 in-lbs of torque, and a 1.5 OD torque tube (202a) generates 15,000 in-lbs of torque, and a 0.1 OD torque tube (202a) tube generates 15 in lbs torque.

[0063] Block 1010 represents attaching means (222) for preventing the relaxing torque tube (202a) (202b) from applying torque in the incorrect direction (e.g., when cooling (312) or heating (218)). In one or more examples, the means (222) comprises a ratcheting mechanism (212) attached to the torque tube as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 4E. The ratcheting mechanism (212) allows continuous twist of the torque tube (202a), (202b) in one direction (210).

[0064] Block 1012 represents connecting a plurality (e.g., a pair) of the torque tubes (202a), (202b). In one or more embodiments, the connection (224) or means for connecting the torque tubes (202a), (202b) comprises a gear system (206) including e.g., sprag gears (206b)) cooperatively connecting the ends (226) of one or more of the torque tubes (202a), (202b). Various gearing ratios may be used for the gearing (206). In one embodiment, the output (208c) from the gearing (206) is geared at a 5:1 ratio.

[0065] Block 1014 represents housing the torque tubes and gear system in a housing (228), such as a line replaceable unit (LRU) system. In one or more embodiments, the housing (228) has a length (L) of 10.5 inches, a width (W) of 6 inches, and a height (H) of 4 inches.

[0066] Block 1016 represents the end result, an SMA turning motor (200). In one or more embodiments, the power requirement for heating each torque tube (202a), (202b) is 400 Watts for a half cycle and the motor (200) outputs 200 inch pounds of torque (208c) at 1 revolution per minute (RPM). In one example, the motor (200) has a weight of 2 lbs.

[0067] As a comparison, conventional engine turning motors weigh 25 lbs and output only 66 inch pounds of torque, and gearbox torque generators weigh 16 lbs and output 190 inch pounds of torque. Thus, SMA motors according to embodiments of the present invention output surprisingly and unexpectedly higher torque outputs while having the advantage of significantly lower weight. These properties are particularly advantageous for aircraft applications. These unique actuation capabilities of the SMA motor enable new capabilities and applications.

[0068] Moreover, the combination of SMA with ratcheting gears (212) overcomes any problems that may arise due to slow actuation of a single torque tube. In a paired scheme, continuous torque is provided (one tube relaxes/cools while the other tube is in use providing torque).

Processing Environment

[0069] FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary system 1100 that could be used to implement processing elements needed to activate the heater (602) and/or cooler (604) so as to sequentially heat (218) and cool (312) the torque tubes (202a, 202b) as described herein. The computer system is typically located on the aircraft e.g., but not limited to, in a box mounted on the engine fan case or inside the aircraft.

[0070] The computer 1102 comprises a processor 1104 (general purpose processor 1104A and special purpose processor 1104B) and a memory, such as random access memory (RAM) 1106. Generally, the computer 1102 operates under control of an operating system 1108 stored in the memory 1106, and interfaces with the user/other computers to accept inputs and commands (e.g., analog or digital signals) and to present results through an input/output (I/O) module 1110. The computer program application 1112 accesses and manipulates data stored in the memory 1106 of the computer 1102. The operating system 1108 and the computer program 1112 are comprised of instructions which, when read and executed by the computer 1102, cause the computer 1102 to perform the operations herein described. In one embodiment, instructions implementing the operating system 1108 and the computer program 1110 are tangibly embodied in the memory 1106, thereby making a computer program product or article of manufacture. As such, the terms article of manufacture, program storage device and computer program product as used herein are intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer readable device or media.

[0071] In one embodiment, computer 1102 comprises one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).

[0072] In one embodiment, an Electronic Engine Control (EEC) sending a digital request to the computer 1102 through I/O 1110 to activate/de-activate the heater (602) or cooler (604) in order to rotate the rotor shaft (122), thus controlling HP compressor 108 speeds.

[0073] In one embodiment, the I/O 1110 receives signal from an engine shut off switch after engine 200 shut down, thereby activating the motor (200) to turn the rotor soon/immediately after engine shut down so as to minimize aircraft departure delays caused by mitigating rotor shaft bow.

[0074] In another embodiment, the duration of rotation (606) is optimized by having the computer 1102 estimate the amount of bow (based on time since last engine shutdown) and calculate the required rotation duration to be implemented. Various instrumentation to monitor the bowing can include accelerometers already used for vibration monitoring or microwave-based gap measuring sensors.

[0075] FIG. 11 further illustrates a power source 1116 for providing power to the system 1100.

[0076] Those skilled in the art will recognize many modifications may be made to this configuration without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, those skilled in the art will recognize that any combination of the above components, or any number of different components, peripherals, and other devices, may be used.

Conclusion

[0077] This concludes the description of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure. The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. It is intended that the scope of rights be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by the claims appended hereto.