Long Path Cell

Abstract

The invention relates to a long path cell (10), in particular a Herriott cell, with (a) a primary minor (12) and (b) a secondary mirror (14). According to the invention, it is provided that the primary mirror (12) has a first primary minor segment (42.1) and at least one second primary minor segment (42.2), which radially surrounds the first primary mirror segment (42.1), whereby the primary minor segments (42) differ in their curvatures (R42.1, 42.2) or focal lengths, the secondary minor (14) has a first secondary minor segment (44.1) and at least one second secondary mirror segment (44.2) which radially sur-rounds the first secondary minor segment (44.1), whereby the secondary minor segments (44) differ in their curvatures (R42.1, R42.2) or focal lengths, the first primary mirror segment (42.1) and the first secondary minor segment (44.1) are arranged in relation to each other such that a light beam is reflected back and forth between the two, and that the second primary mirror segment (42.2) and the second secondary minor segment (44.2) are arranged in relation to each other such that a light beam is reflected back and forth between the two.

Claims

1. A long path cell (10), in particular a Herriott cell, with (a) a primary mirror (12) and (b) a secondary mirror (14), characterized in that (c) the primary mirror (12) has a first primary mirror segment (42.1) and at least one second primary mirror segment (42.2), which radially surrounds the first primary mirror segment (42.1), whereby the primary mirror segments (42) differ in their curvatures (R.sub.42.1, 42.2) or focal lengths, (d) the secondary mirror (14) has a first secondary mirror segment (44.1) and at least one second secondary mirror segment (44.2) which radially surrounds the first secondary mirror segment (44.1), whereby the secondary mirror segments (44) differ in their curvatures (R.sub.42.1, R.sub.42.2) or focal lengths, (e) the first primary mirror segment (42.1) and the first secondary mirror segment (44.1) are arranged in relation to each other such that a light beam is reflected back and forth between the two, and that (f) the second primary mirror segment (42.2) and the second secondary mirror segment (44.2) are arranged in relation to each other such that a light beam is reflected back and forth between the two.

2. The long path cell (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that (a) the primary mirror (12) has a third primary mirror segment (42.3), which radially surrounds the second primary mirror segment (42.2), whereby the third primary mirror segment (42.4) and the second primary mirror segment (42.2) differ in their curvatures (R.sub.42.3, R.sub.42.2) or focal lengths, (b) the secondary mirror (14) has at least one third secondary mirror segment (44.3) which radially surrounds the second secondary mirror segment (44.2), the third secondary mirror segment (44.3) and the second secondary mirror segment (44.2) differ in their curvatures (R.sub.44.3, R.sub.44.2) or focal lengths, and that (c) the third primary mirror segment (42.3) and the third secondary mirror segment (44.3) are arranged in relation to each other such that a light beam is reflected back and forth between the two.

3. The long path cell (10) according to claim 1, characterized by a reflection element (54) that has a coupling-in area for coupling in a light beam (26) into the long path cell (10) and a decoupling area (24) for decoupling the light beam (26) from the long path cell (10), whereby the decoupling area (24) runs at an offset angle (a) of at least 30 to the coupling-in area (22).

4. The long path cell (10) according to claim 3, characterized in that the reflection element (54) has a first reflection area (32) that is arranged such that a light beam (26) that is coupled in from the coupling-in area (22) is initially reflected by at least one mirror segment (44.3), in particular is reflected back and forth multiple times between mirror segments (42.3, 44.3), then hits the first reflection area (32), and in the beam path after the first reflection area (32), hits another mirror segment (42.2) of the same mirror.

5. The long path cell (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that the reflection element (54) has a second reflection area (34) that is arranged relative to the coupling-in area (22) such that a light beam (26) that is coupled in from the coupling-in area (22), which has been reflected from the first reflection area (32) onto a mirror segment, is reflected onto a mirror segment that it has not yet hit in the previous beam path.

6. The long path cell (10) according to any one of claim 4, characterized in that the first reflection area (32) is arranged to reflect a light beam (26) which falls from a mirror segment with a first curvature (R.sub.42.1) or a first focal length onto the reflection area (32) onto a segment with a second curvature (R.sub.42.2) or focal length that differs from the first curvature (R.sub.42.1).

7. The long path cell (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the primary mirror segments (42.1) is planar over at least 75%, in particular at least 90%, of its area, at least one of the secondary mirror segments (44.1) is planar over at least 75%, in particular at least 90%, of its area the planar primary mirror segment (42.1) is surrounded by a curved primary mirror segment (42.2), and the planar secondary mirror segment (44.1) is surrounded by a curved secondary mirror segment (44.2).

8. The long path cell (10) according to claim 1, characterized by a holding element (46), whereby the primary mirror (12) and the secondary mirror (14) are centrally affixed on the holding element (46).

9. The long path cell (10) according to claim 1, characterized by at least one third, planar mirror that is arranged such that a light beam (26) hits all mirrors before it leaves the long path cell (10).

10. The long path cell (10) according to claim 1, characterized by an optical fibre (56), which is arranged to guide the light beam (26) and is arranged such that the light beam (26) can be coupled into the long path cell (10).

11. The long path cell (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that (a) the secondary mirror (14) faces towards the primary mirror (12) with a concave mirror area (18), in that (b) the long path cell has a coupling-in element (20), which has a coupling-in area (22) for coupling in a light beam (26) and a decoupling area (24) for decoupling the light beam (26), (c) whereby the decoupling area (24) runs at an offset angle (a) of at least 30 to the coupling-in area (22), in that (d) the coupling-in element (20) has a first reflection area (32), which is arranged such that a light beam (26) coupled in from the coupling-in area (22) is initially reflected from at least one mirror (12), then hits the first reflection area (32), and in the beam path after the first reflection area (32), hits one of the mirrors (12, 14).

12. The long path cell (10) according to claim 11, characterized in that the coupling-in element (20) is formed such that a light beam (26b) decoupled from the decoupling area (24) runs in an extension of a light beam (26a) that is coupled in by means of the coupling-in area (22).

13. The long path cell (10) according to claim 11, characterized in that the coupling-in element (20) has a second reflection area (34), which is arranged relative to the coupling-in area (22) such that a light beam (26) that is coupled in from the coupling-in area (22) is reflected back and forth multiple times by the mirrors (12, 14), then hits the second reflection area (34), and is subsequently reflected back and forth multiple times by the mirrors (12, 14).

14. The long path cell (10) according to claim 11, characterized in that the first reflection area (32) has a first partial area (32.1) and a second partial area (32.2), whereby an opening angle () between the two partial areas (32.1, 32.2) is at least 45 and/or at most 135.

15. (canceled)

16. The long path cell (10) according to claim 1, characterized by at least one third, concave mirror, which is arranged such that a light beam (26) hits all mirrors before it leaves the long path cell (10).

17. (canceled)

18. The long path cell (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that the first reflection area (32) is arranged to reflect a light beam (26) which falls from a mirror segment with a first curvature (R.sub.42.1) or a first focal length onto the reflection area (32) onto a segment with a second curvature (R.sub.42.2) or focal length that differs from the first curvature (R.sub.42.1).

Description

[0054] The invention will be explained in greater detail below with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

[0055] FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-section through a long path cell according to one embodiment of the invention,

[0056] FIG. 2 shows a schematic view that illustrates the path of the light beam.

[0057] FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of a long path cell according to the invention, and

[0058] FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of a long path cell according to the invention, in which the change between two segments is realised by a triangular partial piece of the inner segment and a partial piece of the outer segment that is then hit by the light beam.

[0059] FIG. 5 shows a further long path cell according to the invention with a relocation device for relocating the light beam from a pair of mirror segments onto a second pair of mirror segments, and

[0060] FIG. 6 shows a further long path cell according to the invention in sub-figure 6a, in which the inner pair of mirror segments arranged in relation to each other is planar with a first part of the beam path, and the sub-figure 6b shows a schematic view of the complete beam path.

[0061] FIG. 7 shows a long path cell according to the invention according to a further embodiment of the invention,

[0062] FIG. 8a shows a schematic view of a long path cell according to a further embodiment of the invention,

[0063] FIG. 8b shows a cross-section with the coupling-in element from the long path cell shown in FIG. 8a,

[0064] FIG. 9 shows a schematic cross-section through a long path cell according to a further embodiment of the invention, and

[0065] FIG. 10 shows a further embodiment of a long path cell according to the invention.

[0066] FIG. 1 shows a long path cell 10 according to the invention in the form of a Herriott cell, which has a primary mirror 12 and a secondary mirror 14. The primary mirror 12 has a primary mirror area 16, the secondary mirror 14 has a secondary mirror area 18, which faces towards the primary mirror 12. The primary mirror 12 is in the present case spherical in sections and has a first curvature radius R.sub.12(r), which, for each radial distance r, corresponds to a second curvature radius R.sub.14(r) of the secondary mirror.

[0067] However, it is also possible that one or both mirrors are entirely, or in sections, parabolic mirrors. In this case, too, the curvature radius of a mirror for each radial distance r preferably corresponds to the second curvature radius R.sub.14(r) of the secondary mirror.

[0068] The long path cell 10 comprises a reflection element 54, which has a coupling-in-area 22 and a decoupling area 24. The section of the reflection element 54 on which the coupling-in area 22 and the decoupling area 24 are formed can be referred to as the coupling-in element 20.

[0069] If a light beam 26, in particular a laser beam, which is emitted from a laser 28, falls onto the coupling-in area 22, this reflects the light beam 26 on to the primary mirror 12. The light beam 26 therefore initially hits the primary mirror 12 in a first point of contact 30.1. Then, the primary mirror 12 reflects the light beam 26 onto a second point of contact 30.2 on the secondary mirror 14, then the light beam 26 hits a third point of contact 30.3 and a fourth point of contact 30.4.

[0070] The light beam 26 is in other words reflected back and forth multiple times by the mirrors 12, 14. Thenor after further reflections on the mirrorsthe light beam 26 hits a first reflection area 32, which guides the light beam 26 onto a fifth point of contact 30.5 on the secondary mirror area 18. In the present case, the first reflection area 32 extends along two planes that run vertical in relation to each other.

[0071] After the laser beam has run through the points of contact 30.6, 30.7 and 30.8, it hits the decoupling area 24. The outgoing light beam 26b that is created, which is a section of the light beam 26, runs in the direct extension of the incident section 26a of the light beam 26. In other words, a straight line g exists, along which both the incident light beam 26a and the outgoing light beam 26b extend.

[0072] It can be seen that the decoupling area 24 is oriented to the coupling-in area 22 at an offset angle . In the present case, =90, which is a possible embodiment with the two-dimensional beam path. However, it is particularly beneficial when the offset angle with the usually occurring three-dimensional beam path differs from 90 by at least 10 arc seconds.

[0073] The long path cell 10 has a longitudinal axis L. The longitudinal axis L runs through the two points P.sub.12, P.sub.14, which are characterized by the fact that a conceived light beam between these two points would be constantly reflected back and forth.

[0074] In a circle coordination system around the longitudinal axis L, the distance coordinate r is measured starting from the longitudinal axis L. The z-coordinates in this coordinate system can in general be selected as required, although preferably, z=0 on the point at which the longitudinal axis L lies, and which lies precisely between points P.sub.12 and P.sub.14.

[0075] It should be noted that FIG. 1 merely shows a schematic side view of the long path cell 10. It is possible for both mirrors to have a greater distance from each other.

[0076] As FIG. 1 shows, the primary mirror 12 has a first primary mirror segment 42.1, a second primary mirror segment 42.2 and a third primary mirror segment 42.3. The second primary mirror segment 42.2 radially surrounds the first primary mirror segment 42.1. The third primary mirror segment 42.3 radially surrounds the second primary mirror segment 42.2. Segments 42.1, 42.2, 42.3 are spherically curved and differ with regard to their curvatures and/or focal lengths. Thus the curvature radius R.sub.42.1 of the first primary mirror segment 42.1 is larger than the curvature radius R.sub.42.2 of the second primary mirror segment 42.2. In this embodiment, the curvature radius R becomes smaller, the larger the distance r between the respective segment and the longitudinal axis L. However, embodiments are also possible in which the curvature radius R at least does not always become smaller, the greater the distance r between the respective segment and the longitudinal axis L.

[0077] A secondary mirror segment 44.i (i=1, 2, etc.) is arranged in relation to each primary mirror segment 42.i. The light beam 26 is in this embodiment reflected back and forth between the pair consisting of the primary mirror segment 42.i and the secondary mirror segment 44.i arranged in relation to each other, until it hits a reflection area or the decoupling area 24.

[0078] The incident light beam 26a first hits the coupling-in area 22 and then, after passing through the points of contact 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 and 30.4, it hits the first reflection area 32. In the beam path after the first reflection area 32, the light beam 26 then hits the primary mirror 12 in the fifth point of contact 30.5. After passing through the points of contact 30.6, 30.7 and 30.8, the light beam 26 hits the decoupling area 24 and is decoupled from the long path cell 10. Naturally, it is possible, and is a preferred embodiment, that the coupling-in element 20 has further reflection areas. In this case, it is advantageous when the primary mirror 12 and/or the secondary mirror 14 has additional segments.

[0079] FIG. 1 shows that the first reflection area 32 serves to relocate the light beam from one segment to the next. The segmentsas represented in a preferred embodimentare designed such that the light beam 26 is constantly reflected back and forth between the same pair of mirror segments consisting of the primary mirror segment and the secondary mirror segment arranged in relation to each other, until it hits a reflection area. Then, the light beam runs solely on a second pair consisting of the primary mirror segment and the secondary mirror segment, until it either hits the decoupling area or a further reflection area.

[0080] FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of the beam path of the light beam 26, which it completes between the segments 42.3 and 44.3. A distance a in the circumferential direction between adjacent points of contact, such as between the points of contact 30. 39.7 or 30.9 and 30.1, is constant as a good approximation. A radial distance r is essentially the same for each point of contact. In other words, r.sub.30.7=r.sub.30.9, whereby two distances are considered to be essentially the same when the distances differ by less than 25%.

[0081] For a segment that lies further inward radially, in the present case for the primary mirror segment 42.2 and the secondary mirror segment 44.2, the distance a in the circumferential direction is also preferably essentially the same between adjacent points of contact.

[0082] The long path cell 10 is designed such that the distance a in the circumferential direction of two adjacent points of contact is larger than double the halfwidth of the light beam. Preferably, this distance is additionally smaller than 20 times, in particular than 10 times, the halfwidth breadth. In order to be able to maintain these framework conditions independently of the segment, the curvatures of the individual segments 42.e, 44.i differ for different i.

[0083] FIG. 2 shows that the long path cell 10 can have an optical fibre 56, in which the light beam 26 is guided by the laser 28 onto the coupling-in element 20. It is beneficial when the optical fibre 56 ends in a decoupling element 58.

[0084] FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of a long path cell 10 according to the invention, in which the mirrors 12, 14 are structured as shown in FIG. 1. The long path cell 10 comprises a holding element 46, on which the two mirrors 12, 14 are centrally affixed. It can be seen that the light beam 26 enters into the long path cell 10 through an opening 48 in the mirror 12 and exits again through the same opening 48.

[0085] An independent invention is also a spectroscopy device 50 that has the laser 28, the long path cell 10 and a light beam analysis device 52.

[0086] FIG. 3 also shows a schematic view of the reflection element 54, on which the reflection areas 32 and 34 are formed. With the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the reflection element is a part of the coupling-in element 20 (see FIG. 1). For the sake of clarity, in FIG. 3, the beam paths after reflection on the first reflection area 32 and the second reflection area 34 are only drawn in schematically. In this case, the light beam 26 is for example decoupled through a hole 59 in the holding element 46. Alternatively, the detection device 52 can also be affixed on the holding element 46 or contained within it.

[0087] FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of a long path cell 10 according to the invention, in which the light beam 26 conducts a complete rotation. Alternatively, it is possible that the light beam 26 is coupled into the long path cell 10 through the opening 48. The first primary mirror segment 42.1 is formed from a transition section 60 and a mirror area 62. The mirror area 62 is spherically curved. The first secondary mirror segment 44.1 arranged in relation is also spherically curved and is aligned parallel to the mirror area 62. Light that hits the mirror area 62 is reflected onto the first secondary mirror segment 44.1. If the light beam 26 hits the transition section 60, it is reflected onto the second secondary mirror segment 44.2. From there, it is reflected onto the second primary mirror segment 42.2. Through a second opening 64, the light beam 26 is again decoupled from the long path cell 10.

[0088] Alternatively, it is possible that a section of a mirror segment, similar to the transition section 60, is formed such that the light beam 26 can be coupled in at the side.

[0089] FIG. 5 shows a further long path cell 10 according to the invention, which has a relocation device 66. This relocation device is arranged outside the volume between the mirrors 12, 14 and reflects the light beam from one primary mirror segment onto another. The numbers adjacent to the points of contact enumerate the points of contact so that the beam path is easier to follow. It can be seen that the light beam 26 is coupled in through the opening 48 and decoupled through the second opening 64.

[0090] FIG. 6 shows a schematic view in the sub-figures 6a and 6b of the beam path for a long path cell 10, in which the first primary mirror segment 42.1 and the first secondary mirror segment 44.1 are planar and that the second primary mirror segment 42.2 and the second secondary mirror segment 44.2 are spherically curved.

[0091] FIG. 6a shows the case in which the distance between the two mirrors 12, 14 is so large that the beam path corresponds to that of a Herriott cell.

[0092] FIG. 6b shows the beam path when the distance between the two mirrors 12, 14 is so small (here: one-third of the distance according to FIG. 6a) that significantly more reflections occur. The positions of the points of contact on 44.1 correspond to the beam positions in the cross-section at z= D (mirror distance from FIG. 6a). The positions of the points of contact on 42.1 correspond to the beam positions in the cross-section at z=+ D. The number of reflections on the inner planar segments is in this case double those on the outer curved segments. If the mirrors are pushed closer together, so that the distance is equal to D/(2N+1), whereby N is a natural number, the number of reflections on the inner planar segments is 2N times larger than on the outer curved segments. Thus, for example, 100 reflections could be realised on the outer segment, and with one-thirteenth of the mirror distance calculated for the standard Herriott cell or similar to thirteen times the curvature radius of the mirrors, 12100=1,200 reflections would be obtained on the planar mirrors, and thus 1,300 reflections in total. With a mirror distance of just approximately 77 cm, an optical path length is thus achieved of over one kilometre, with simultaneous maintenance of the beam properties and robustness as is common for the standard Herriott cell.

[0093] FIG. 7 shows a long path cell 10 according to the invention in the form of a Herriott cell, which has a primary mirror 12 and a secondary mirror 14. The primary mirror 12 has a first concave mirror area 16, the secondary mirror 14 has a secondary mirror area 18, which faces towards the primary mirror 12. The primary mirror 12 is in the present case spherical and has a first curvature radius R12, which corresponds to a second curvature radius R.sub.14 of the secondary mirror. However, it is also possible that one or both mirrors are parabolic mirrors.

[0094] The long path cell 10 comprises a coupling-in element 20, which has a coupling-in area 22 and a decoupling area 24. If a light beam 26, in particular a laser beam, which is emitted from a laser 28, falls onto the coupling-in area 22, this reflects the light beam 26 on to the primary mirror 12. The light beam 26 therefore initially hits the primary mirror 12 in a first point of contact 30.1. Then, the primary mirror 12 reflects the light beam 26 onto a second point of contact 30.2 on the secondary mirror 14, then the light beam 26 hits a third point of contact 30.3 and a fourth point of contact 30.4.

[0095] The light beam 26 is in other words reflected back and forth multiple times by the mirrors 12, 14. Then the light beam 26 hits a first reflection area 32, which guides the light beam 26 onto a fifth point of contact 30.5 on the secondary mirror area 18. In the present case, the first reflection area 32 extends along two planes, which form an angle with each other that is not a right angle. In the two-dimensional case shown schematically, a right angle would result, which is however not present in the three-dimensional case.

[0096] After the laser beam has run through the points of contact 30.6, 30.7 and 30.8, it hits the decoupling area 24. FIG. 7 shows a side view, so that the light beam is drawn running virtually parallel between the points 30.4 and 30.5 on the one hand, and behind the point 30.8 on the other. The outgoing light beam 26b, which is a part of the light beam 26, runs into the direct extension of the incident light beam 26a. In other words, a straight line g exists, along which both the incident light beam 26a and the outgoing light beam 26b extend.

[0097] It can be seen that the decoupling area 24 is oriented to the coupling-in area at an offset angle . In the present case, =90, which is a preferred embodiment solely for the two-dimensional case. For the three-dimensional case, which occurs in practice, a must differ from 90, so that good adjustment is made possible, which is characterized by rotational symmetry or by the circular arrangement of the points of contact on the mirrors. For each set of input parameters: Curvature radii (focal lengths) of the mirrors, the mirror distance, the position of the coupling-in element, the radius of the current (prior to deflection onto the next track) circular pattern of the reflexes on the mirrors, the radius of the next (emerging on the new track) circular pattern of the reflexes on the mirrors there are precisely two possible angles for , the size of which is determined according to the invention by means of a simulation using raytracing.

[0098] The long path cell 10 has a longitudinal axis L. In the present case, the longitudinal axis runs through the two points P.sub.12, P.sub.14, which are characterized by the fact that a conceived light beam between these two points would be constantly reflected back and forth. In a cross-section view as shown in FIG. 7, the longitudinal axis is a rotational symmetry axis for the primary mirror 12. Additionally, the mirror surfaces 16, 18 can be shown in a circle coordinate system around the longitudinal axis L as a constant in a distance coordinate r. The distance coordinate r designates the distance from the longitudinal axis L. The z-axis runs along the longitudinal axis L. The point Z=0 can generally be selected as required.

[0099] It should be noted that FIG. 7 merely shows a schematic side view of the long path cell 10. For this reason, the angles drawn in are shown as distorted. It is possible for both mirrors to have a greater distance from each other.

[0100] FIG. 8a shows a second embodiment of a long path cell 10 according to the invention, the coupling-in element 20 of which has a second reflection area 34 which the light beam 26 hits, after it has been reflected in the point of contact 30.8. The second reflection area 34 reflects the light beam 26 onto the point of contact 30.9. The coupling-in element 20 also has a third reflection area 36, a fourth reflection area 38 and a fifth reflection area 40. As can be seen from the path of the light beam 26 that has been drawn in, said light beam completes a particularly long path in the long path cell 10.

[0101] FIG. 8a shows that the long path cell 10 can have an optical fibre 56, in which the light beam 26 is guided by the laser 28 onto the coupling-in element 20. It is beneficial when the optical fibre 56 ends in a decoupling element 58.

[0102] FIG. 8b shows the coupling-in element 20 in an enlargement. It can be seen that the first reflection area 32 has a first partial area 32.1 and a second partial area 32.2, which with the first area 32.1 incorporates an opening angle . The opening angle is in each case the angle between the two tangential planes on the areas 32.1, 32.2 at the point in which the light beam 26 hits.

[0103] The opening angle between the two partial areas 32.1, 32.2 is preferably at least 45, in particular at least 60, and/or at most 135, in particular 120. It has been shown to be advantageous when the opening angle has a value between 89, preferably 89.5, on the one hand, and 90.5, preferably 91, on the other.

[0104] For the partial areas, there are always precisely two possible orientations to each other, in which the profile of the pattern of the light beam reflections is as circular as possible. Preferably, this orientation is determined by means of raytracing.

[0105] FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of a long path cell 10 according to the invention, in which the mirrors 12, 14 are structured as shown in FIG. 9. The long path cell 10 comprises a holding element 46, on which the two mirrors 12, 14 are centrally affixed. It can be seen that the light beam 26 enters into the long path cell 10 through an opening 48 in the mirror 12 and exits again through the same opening 48.

[0106] The invention also provides a spectroscopy device 50 that has the laser 28, the long path cell 10 and a light beam analysis device 52.

[0107] FIG. 10 shows a further embodiment of a long path cell 10 according to the invention with a reflection element 54 on which the reflection areas 32 and 34 are formed. With the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the reflection element is a part of the coupling-in element 20 (see FIG. 7).

[0108] For the sake of clarity, in FIG. 10, the beam path after reflection on the first reflection area 32 and the second reflection area 34 is only drawn in schematically.

TABLE-US-00001 List of reference numerals 10 Long path cell 12 Primary mirror 14 Secondary mirror 16 Primary mirror area 18 Secondary mirror area 20 Coupling-in element 22 Coupling-in area 24 Decoupling area 26 Light beam 26a Outgoing light beam 26b Incident light beam 28 Laser 30 Point of contact 32 First reflection area 32.1, 32.2 Partial area 34 Second reflection area 36 Third reflection area 38 Fourth reflection area 40 Fifth reflection area 42 Primary mirror segment 44 Secondary mirror segment 46 Holding element 48 Opening 50 Spectroscopy device 52 Light beam analysis device 54 Reflection element 56 Optical fibre 58 Decoupling element 60 Transition section 62 Mirror area 64 Opening 66 Relocation device Offset angle Opening angle a Distance g Straight line L Longitudinal axis r Distance coordinate R Curvature radius R.sub.12 Curvature radius R.sub.14 Curvature radius R.sub.42.1 Curvature radius D Mirror distance initial value