CUTTER HEAD FOR MICROWAVE PRESPLITTING TYPE HARD-ROCK TUNNEL BORING MACHINE

Abstract

A cutter head has a front surface formed with several transmitting ports, a protection plate mounted at an external-end hole of each port, several microwave generating mechanisms distributed in two manners: first, the generating mechanisms are uniformly arranged in the cutter head; second, the microwave generating mechanisms in the same number as hobbing cutters. Each generating mechanism includes a microwave source, a magnetron, a rectangular waveguide, a circulator and a microwave focus radiator, wherein the microwave source is connected with the magnetron, the magnetron is connected with one end of the waveguide, the other end of the waveguide is connected with a first port of the circulator, a second port of the circulator is connected with the microwave focus radiator, and a water load is connected to a third port of the circulator. The focus radiator includes a standard waveguide section, an impedance matching section and a compressed radiation section.

Claims

1-10. (canceled)

11. A cutter head for a microwave presplitting type hard-rock tunnel boring machine, characterized in that a plurality of microwave transmitting ports are formed in a front surface of the cutter head, a wave-transparent protection plate is mounted at external-end holes of the microwave transmitting ports, the internal-end holes of the microwave transmitting ports communicate with the cutter head, a plurality of microwave generating mechanisms are arranged in the cutter head, and the microwave generating mechanisms are the same in number as the microwave transmitting ports and are in one-to-one correspondence; the microwave generating mechanisms are distributed in the cutter head in two distribution manners, wherein a first distribution manner is as follows: the microwave generating mechanisms are uniformly arranged in the cutter head; a second distribution manner is as follows: the microwave generating mechanisms are the same in number as hobbing cutters on the cutter head and are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, namely, one microwave generating mechanism and the microwave transmitting port corresponding to the microwave generating mechanism are arranged beside each hobbing cutter; and when the microwave generating mechanisms are distributed in the cutter head in the first distribution manner, all the microwave generating mechanisms have the same microwave radiation power, and the number of the microwave generating mechanisms on an outer circumference and an inner circumference of the cutter head is calculated according to the following formula: $\frac{Q_R}{L_R}=\frac{Q_r}{L_r}$ $\frac{N_R.Math.\mathrm{PT}}{.Math..Math.R}=\frac{N_r.Math.\mathrm{PT}}{.Math..Math.r}$ $\frac{N_R}{N_r}=\frac{R}{r}$ wherein Q.sub.R is a total microwave energy radiated by the microwave generating mechanisms on the outer circumference when the cutter head rotates by an angle of , Q.sub.r is a total microwave energy radiated by the microwave generating mechanisms on the inner circumference when the cutter head rotates by the angle of , L.sub.R is an arc length that the microwave generating mechanisms rotate on the outer circumference when the cutter head rotates by the angle of , L.sub.r is an arc length that the microwave generating mechanisms rotate on the inner circumference when the cutter head rotates by the angle of , P is a microwave radiation power of the microwave generating mechanisms, T is a microwave radiation time of the microwave generating mechanisms, R is a radius of the outer circumference of the cutter head, r is a radius of the inner circumference of the cutter head, N.sub.R is the number of the microwave generating mechanisms on the outer circumference of the cutter head, Nr is the number of the microwave generating mechanisms on the inner circumference of the cutter head, and is a rotation angle of the cutter head.

12. The cutter head for the microwave presplitting type hard-rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 11, wherein when the microwave generating mechanisms are distributed in the cutter head in the second distribution manner, all the microwave generating mechanisms have different microwave radiation power, total microwave energy radiated by the microwave generating mechanisms on the outer circumference of the cutter head is the same as that radiated by the microwave generating mechanisms on the inner circumference of the cutter head, and the microwave radiation power of the microwave generating mechanisms on the outer circumference and the inner circumference of the cutter head is calculated according to the following formula: $\frac{P_R.Math.T}{{}_R}=\frac{P_r.Math.T}{{}_r}$ $\frac{P_R}{P_r}=\frac{R}{r}$ wherein P.sub.R is a microwave radiation power of the microwave generating mechanisms on the outer circumference of the cutter head, P.sub.r is a microwave radiation power of the microwave generating mechanisms on the inner circumference of the cutter head, T is a microwave radiation time of the microwave generating mechanisms, R is a radius of the outer circumference of the cutter head, r is a radius of the inner circumference of the cutter head, and is a rotation angle of the cutter head.

13. The cutter head for the microwave presplitting type hard-rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 11, wherein each microwave generating mechanism comprises a microwave source, a magnetron, a rectangular waveguide, a circulator and a microwave focus radiator, wherein the microwave source is connected with the magnetron, the magnetron is connected with one end of the rectangular waveguide, the other end of the rectangular waveguide is connected with a first port of the circulator, a second port of the circulator is connected with the microwave focus radiator, and a water load is connected to a third port of the circulator.

14. The cutter head for the microwave presplitting type hard-rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 13, wherein the microwave focus radiator comprises a standard waveguide section, an impedance matching section and a compressed radiation section, wherein the standard waveguide section is used for receiving microwaves emitted by the microwave source, the standard waveguide section is connected with the impedance matching section, and the impedance matching section is connected with the compressed radiation section; the impedance matching section is used for forming impedance matching between the standard waveguide section and the compressed radiation section; and the compressed radiation section is used for forming and radiating microwaves with high power density, and the compressed radiation section is embedded in the microwave transmitting port.

15. The cutter head for the microwave presplitting type hard-rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 14, wherein the standard waveguide section has a constant-section rectangular metal cavity, and a transverse broadside dimension of the constant-section rectangular metal cavity is matched with a wave length of microwaves emitted by the microwave source.

16. The cutter head for the microwave presplitting type hard-rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 14, wherein the impedance matching section has a variable-section rectangular metal cavity, and a transverse broadside dimension of the variable-section rectangular metal cavity is matched with a wave length of microwaves emitted by the microwave source; and a longitudinal narrow-side dimension of the variable-section rectangular metal cavity of the impedance matching section forms linear transition from large to small, a large-dimension end of the longitudinal narrow-side is connected with the standard waveguide section, and a small-dimension end of the longitudinal narrow-side is connected with the compressed radiation section.

17. The cutter head for the microwave presplitting type hard-rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 14, wherein the compressed radiation section has a constant-section rectangular metal cavity, and a transverse broadside dimension of the constant-section rectangular metal cavity is matched with a wave length of microwaves emitted by the microwave source.

18. The cutter head for the microwave presplitting type hard-rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 14, wherein the microwave source has a frequency of 2.45 GHz and a power of 10 kW or below, and a transverse broadside dimension of the rectangular waveguide, a transverse broadside dimension of the standard waveguide section, a transverse broadside dimension of the impedance matching section and a transverse broadside dimension of the compressed radiation section are 109 mm or 86 mm.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art by reading the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof, with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

[0022] FIG. 1 is a front view of a cutter head for a microwave presplitting type hard-rock tunnel boring machine; and

[0023] FIG. 2 is a structure diagram of a microwave generating mechanism, wherein 1 indicates microwave transmitting port, 2 indicates microwave source, 3 indicates magnetron, 4 indicates rectangular waveguide, 5 indicates circulator, 6 indicates microwave focus radiator, 7 indicates standard waveguide section, 8 indicates impedance matching section, 9 indicates compressed radiation section, 10 indicates cutter head, 11 indicates hobbing cutter, 12 indicates wave-transparent protection plate, 13 indicates water load.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0024] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0025] The present invention will now be further described in details in connection with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, according to the cutter head for the microwave presplitting type hard-rock tunnel boring machine, a plurality of microwave transmitting ports 1 are formed in a front surface of the cutter head 10, a wave-transparent protection plate 12 is mounted at external-end holes of the microwave transmitting ports 1, the internal-end holes of the microwave transmitting ports 1 communicate with the cutter head, a plurality of microwave generating mechanisms are arranged in the cutter head, and the microwave generating mechanisms are the same in number as the microwave transmitting ports 1 and are in one-to-one correspondence; The wave-transparent protection plate 12 can be made of teflon, can guarantee that microwaves transmit well, and can also prevent rock fragment from entering the microwave transmitting port 1.

[0027] The microwave generating mechanisms are distributed in the cutter head 10 in two distribution manners, wherein the first distribution manner is as follows: the microwave generating mechanisms are uniformly arranged in the cutter head 10; the second distribution manner is as follows: the microwave generating mechanisms are the same in number as hobbing cutters 11 on the cutter head 10 and are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, namely that one microwave generating mechanism and the microwave transmitting port 1 corresponding to the microwave generating mechanism are arranged beside each hobbing cutter 11.

[0028] When the microwave generating mechanisms are distributed in the cutter head 10 in the first distribution manner, all the microwave generating mechanisms have the same microwave radiation power, and the number of the microwave generating mechanisms on the outer circumference and inner circumference of the cutter head 10 is calculated according to the following formula:

[00003]$\frac{Q_R}{L_R}=\frac{Q_r}{L_r}.Math.\frac{N_R.Math.\mathrm{PT}}{{}_R}=\frac{N_r.Math.\mathrm{PT}}{{}_r}$$\frac{N_R}{N_r}=\frac{R}{r}$

[0029] wherein Q.sub.R is a total microwave energy radiated by the microwave generating mechanisms on the outer circumference when the cutter head 10 rotates by an angle of , Q.sub.r is a total microwave energy radiated by the microwave generating mechanisms on the inner circumference when the cutter head 10 rotates by the angle of , L.sub.R is an arc length that the microwave generating mechanisms rotate on the outer circumference when the cutter head 10 rotates by the angle of , L.sub.r is an arc length that the microwave generating mechanisms rotate on the inner circumference when the cutter head 10 rotates by the angle of , P is a microwave radiation power of the microwave generating mechanisms, T is a microwave radiation time of the microwave generating mechanisms, R is a radius of the outer circumference of the cutter head 10, r is a radius of the inner circumference of the cutter head 10, N.sub.R is the number of the microwave generating mechanisms on the outer circumference of the cutter head 10, N.sub.r is the number of the microwave generating mechanisms on the inner circumference of the cutter head 10, and is the rotation angle of the cutter head 10.

[0030] When the microwave generating mechanisms are distributed in the cutter head 10 in the second distribution manner, all the microwave generating mechanisms have different microwave radiation power, total microwave energy radiated by the microwave generating mechanisms on the outer circumference of the cutter head 10 is the same as that radiated by the microwave generating mechanisms on the inner circumference of the cutter head 10, and the microwave radiation power of the microwave generating mechanisms on the outer circumference and the inner circumference of the cutter head 10 is calculated according to the following formula:

[00004]$\frac{P_R.Math.T}{{}_R}=\frac{P_r.Math.T}{{}_r}$$\frac{P_R}{P_r}=\frac{R}{r}$

[0031] wherein P.sub.R is a microwave radiation power of the microwave generating mechanisms on the outer circumference of the cutter head 10, P.sub.r is a microwave radiation power of the microwave generating mechanisms on the inner circumference of the cutter head 10, T is a microwave radiation time of the microwave generating mechanisms, R is a radius of the outer circumference of the cutter head 10, r is a radius of the inner circumference of the cutter head 10, and is a rotation angle of the cutter head 10.

[0032] Each microwave generating mechanism comprises a microwave source 2, a magnetron 3, a rectangular waveguide 4, a circulator 5 and a microwave focus radiator 6, wherein the microwave source 2 is connected with the magnetron 3, the magnetron 3 is connected with one end of the rectangular waveguide 4, the other end of the rectangular waveguide 4 is connected with the first port of the circulator 5, the second port of the circulator 5 is connected with the microwave focus radiator 6, and a water load is connected to the third port of the circulator 5. According to actual mounting requirements, if necessary, a 90-degree rectangular waveguide adaptor elbow can also be additionally mounted between the second port of the circulator 5 and the microwave focus radiator 6, so that the microwave radiation direction is reversed by 90 degrees.

[0033] The microwave focus radiator 6 comprises a standard waveguide section 7, an impedance matching section 8 and a compressed radiation section 9, wherein the standard waveguide section 7 is used for receiving microwaves emitted by the microwave source 2, the standard waveguide section 7 is connected with the impedance matching section 8, and the impedance matching section 8 is connected with the compressed radiation section 9; the impedance matching section 8 is used for forming impedance matching between the standard waveguide section 7 and the compressed radiation section 9; and the compressed radiation section 9 is used for forming and radiating microwaves with high power density, and the compressed radiation section 9 is embedded in the microwave transmitting port 1.

[0034] The standard waveguide section 7 has a constant-section rectangular metal cavity, and a transverse broadside dimension of the constant-section rectangular metal cavity is matched with a wave length of microwaves emitted by the microwave source 2.

[0035] The impedance matching section 8 has a variable-section rectangular metal cavity, and a transverse broadside dimension of the variable-section rectangular metal cavity is matched with a wave length of microwave emitted by the microwave source; and a longitudinal narrow-side dimension of the variable-section rectangular metal cavity of the impedance matching section 8 forms a linear transition from large to small, a large-dimension end of the longitudinal narrow-side is connected with the standard waveguide section 7, and a small-dimension end of the longitudinal narrow-side is connected with the compressed radiation section 9.

[0036] The compressed radiation section 9 has a constant-section rectangular metal cavity, and a transverse broadside dimension of the constant-section rectangular metal cavity is matched with a wave length of microwaves emitted by the microwave source.

[0037] The microwave source preferably has a frequency of 2.45 GHz and a power of 10 kW or below, and a transverse broadside dimension of the rectangular waveguide, a transverse broadside dimension of the standard waveguide section, a transverse broadside dimension of the impedance matching section and a transverse broadside dimension of the compressed radiation section are preferably 109 mm or 86 mm. The corresponding national standard model is BJ22 or BJ26 (and the corresponding U.S. EIA standard model is WR430 or WR340).

[0038] One use process of the cutter head for the microwave presplitting type hard-rock tunnel boring machine is described hereinafter in combination with the drawings:

[0039] It is recommended to adopt an integrated control mode on all microwave generating mechanisms in the cutter head 10, so that the microwave radiating power, microwave radiating time and the start-stop state of any microwave generating mechanism can be controlled separately. Not only can the mounting space in the cutter head 10 be saved, but also operation and inspection are convenient.

[0040] After the cutter head is mounted on the hard-rock tunnel boring machine, the matching mode between microwave radiation and cutter cutting is determined according to the actual absorption capability of field engineering rock mass toward microwaves before boring construction.

[0041] If the field engineering rock mass has strong absorption capability toward microwaves, microwave radiation and cutter cutting can be performed at the same time, namely, the cutter head 10 rotates to make the hobbing cutter 11 cut the rock mass, and besides, the microwave generating mechanisms are started to radiate microwaves so as to realize the purpose of splitting while boring.

[0042] If the field engineering rock mass has weak absorption capability toward microwaves, microwave radiation and cutter cutting can be performed alternately, namely that the microwave generating mechanisms are started firstly to radiate microwaves toward the rock, and after the rock reaches a certain splitting effect, the cutter head 10 rotates to make the hobbing cutter 11 cut the rock mass, and it is not necessary to stop microwave radiation during boring. After the split rock is cut off, advance can be suspended. When the following rock also reaches a certain splitting effect, advance can be restored. In such a manner, advance can be repeated.

[0043] The working principle of the microwave generating mechanisms is as follows: the microwave source 2 converts AC electric energy into DC electric energy, the magnetron 3 converts the DC electric energy into microwave energy, the produced microwaves firstly enter the circulator 5 through the rectangular waveguide 4, are transmitted in the one-way circular manner in the circulator 5 and enter the standard waveguide section 7 of the microwave focus radiator 6 through the second port of the circulator 5, so that the microwaves are input into the variable-section rectangular metal cavity of the impedance matching section 8 through the standard waveguide section 7, the microwaves gradually realize impedance matching and are focused between the standard waveguide section 7 and the compressed radiation section 9, the microwave power density is also increased gradually until the microwaves are transmitted to the compressed radiation section 9, the microwave power density reaches the maximum value in the compressed radiation section 9, and finally the microwaves are directionally radiated through the compressed radiation section 9. Firstly, the microwaves penetrate through the wave-transparent protection plate 12, are emitted out from of the cutter head 10 and are transmitted to the rock surface through air medium, so that the rock fully absorbs microwave energy to reach the rock splitting effect. Microwaves reflected back by the microwave focus radiator 6 enter the water load 13 through the third port of the circulator 5, and the reflected microwave energy is consumed through water circulation in the water load 13 so as to protect the safety of the circulator 5 and the microwave focus radiator 6.

[0044] The scheme in the embodiment is not intended to limit the patent protection scope of the present invention, and any equivalent implementation or change made without departing from the present invention shall be included in the scope of the patent of the scheme.