VAPOR LEAKAGE COMPACT SEAL

Abstract

The invention relates to a shaft seal (1) which is configured to seal a shaft (2) between a coolant side (8) and a dry side (9) in a water pump. The shaft seal (1) is particularly characterized in that a compressible volume compensator (7) for compensating a temperature-dependent volume fluctuation is provided, which is vertically disposed and interacting with the volume of a barrier fluid (6).

Claims

1. A shaft seal configured to seal a shaft between a coolant side and a dry side in a water pump comprising: a primary radial seal for sealing a shaft circumference to the coolant side; a secondary radial seal for sealing the shaft circumference to the dry side; a distance sleeve extending between the primary radial seal and the secondary radial seal; and a barrier fluid, wherein a volume of the barrier fluid takes up a space between the primary radial seal and the secondary radial seal; wherein a compressible volume compensator arranged such that it interacts with the volume of the barrier fluid is provided for compensating a temperature-dependent volume variation.

2. The shaft seal according to claim 1, wherein the compressible volume compensator includes a body formed of a compressible material.

3. The shaft seal according to claim 1, wherein the compressible volume compensator is formed as a gas cushion.

4. The shaft seal according to claim 1, wherein the barrier fluid is a lubricating oil or a lubricating grease.

5. The shaft seal according to claim 1, further comprising a seal casing that includes the primary radial seal, the secondary radial seal, the distance sleeve, the volume of the barrier fluid and the compressible volume compensator.

6. The shaft seal according to claim 5, wherein the seal casing is bent radially inwards to one axial side.

7. The shaft seal according to claim 5, wherein a seal ring is respectively arranged between the seal casing and the primary radial seal as well as between the seal casing (10) and the secondary radial seal.

8. The shaft seal according to claim 5, wherein the primary radial seal, the secondary radial seal and the distance sleeve are fixed inside the seal casing by means of a clamp ring.

9. The shaft seal according to claim 1, wherein a sealing lip of the primary radial seal and a sealing lip of the secondary radial seal are formed pointing in the direction of the coolant side relative to a shaft circumference.

Description

[0029] The invention will be described hereinafter with the aid of an exemplified embodiment, applied in a water pump, with reference to the drawing. In the drawing:

[0030] FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the shaft seal according to one embodiment of the invention; and

[0031] FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of the shaft seal according to the same embodiment of the invention.

[0032] FIG. 1 shows a shaft seal 1 which is used in a pump housing of a water pump, not illustrated, between a pump chamber and a shaft seal and an electric motor. The shaft seal 1 is designed to seal a shaft 2, to be mounted, of the pump between a coolant side 8, which corresponds to a liquid medium, such as cooling water, in a pump chamber, and an air side 9, which corresponds to a drive side with the electric motor. The shaft seal 1 is designed in particular to prevent a liquid medium from passing axially through the shaft seal 1 in the form of a vapor leakage even in the event of a pressure difference between the coolant side 8 and the air side 9.

[0033] The shaft seal includes a seal casing 10, a primary radial seal 3 to the coolant side 8, a secondary radial seal 4 to the air side 9, a seal-effective barrier fluid 6 filling and a compressible volume compensator 7.

[0034] The seal casing 10 fixes the primary radial seal 3 and the secondary radial seal 4 relative to one another and holds the included volume of the barrier fluid 6. The seal casing 10 has a cylindrical shell which includes, at an axial end directed to the air side 9, a one-sided bend towards a radial inner side. An open cross-section is provided on the seal casing 10 to the coolant side 8, through which, inter alia, the radial seals 3, 4, are introduced and mounted.

[0035] The radial seals 3, 4, form a static sealing surface to the seal casing 10 and a dynamic sealing surface in the form of a sealing lip to the circumference of the shaft 2. The sealing lip of the primary radial seal 3 is inclined axially towards the outer side of the shaft seal 1, i.e. towards the coolant side 8, and the sealing lip of the secondary radial seal 4 is inclined axially towards the inner side of the shaft seal 1.

[0036] The secondary radial seal 4 is fixed against the bend of the seal casing 10 by means of an axial restriction. A distance sleeve 5 which is inserted into the seal casing 10 defines a distance between the secondary radial seal 4 and the primary radial seal 3. A clamp ring 12 which is finally inserted into the seal casing 10 fixes the primary radial seal 3 against the distance sleeve 5 by means of an axial restriction. Furthermore, seal rings 11 are arranged between the axial ends of the distance sleeve 5 and the radial seals 3, 4 and additionally seal the radially outer, static sealing surfaces of the radial seals 3, 4 against the seal casing 10. In the shaft seal 1, a compressible volume compensator 7 is arranged between the primary radial seal 3 and the secondary radial seal 4 over the axial extension of the distance sleeve 5.

[0037] A space remaining in the seal casing 10 between the primary radial seal 3 and the secondary radial seal 4 and to a contact surface of the compressible volume compensator 7 is completely taken up by the volume of the barrier fluid 6. In the present embodiment, a lubricating oil, e.g. consisting of a synthetic hydrocarbon, a silicone oil, an ester oil or the like, of which the viscosity is preferably higher than the viscosity of the coolant on the coolant side 8, is used for the barrier fluid 6. The barrier fluid 6 effects hermetic sealing of the shaft seal 1, because the volume of the barrier fluid 6 introduced is in contact with the shaft circumference of the primary radial seal 3 and the secondary radial seal 4. Furthermore, the barrier fluid 6 lubricates the sealing lip of the primary radial seal 3 on the coolant side 8 and the sealing lip of the secondary radial seal 3 on the air side 8.

[0038] As illustrated in FIG. 2, the compressible volume compensator 7 has a prismatic shape with a convexly curved surface and a planar surface which extend substantially in parallel with the shaft 2. The curved surface of the volume compensator 7 is congruent with an inner surface of the cylindrical jacket of the seal casing 10. The planar surface of the volume compensator 7 lies radially inwards from the curved surface and closes off the body of the volume compensator 7 at edges of the convex curvature which extend in parallel.

[0039] In the present embodiment, the compressible volume compensator 7 consists of a flexible, non-sorptive material. Preferably, the body of the compressible volume compensator 7 is produced from a cellular rubber, such as a foamed, closed-cell elastomer. Elastomers or cellular rubber have a suitable elasticity to be compressed by a thermal expansion of the volume of the barrier fluid 6 in contact therewith. In addition, foamed elastomers are cost-effectively available in various degrees of hardness. The closed-cell structure prevents the elastomer from becoming saturated with the barrier fluid like a sponge and consequently from becoming almost incompressible.

[0040] During the operation of the water pump, not illustrated, in which the shaft seal 1 is arranged, a coolant conveyed by the water pump is heated by an internal combustion engine, an electric traction motor or the like. The coolant heats the pump housing and finally the shaft seal 1 and the barrier fluid 6. This is associated with an increase in volume of the barrier fluid 6 or a rise in pressure in the shaft seal 1. As a result of the compressibility of the body or the medium which forms the compressible volume compensator 7, a rising internal pressure in the shaft seal 1 by reason of the temperature-dependent volume change of the barrier fluid 6 is limited. However, compressibility is set in such a way that the temperature-dependent internal pressure in the shaft seal 1 is at least greater than a temperature-dependent vapor pressure of the coolant during operation. A pressure difference between the higher internal pressure in the shaft seal 1 compared to the coolant side 8 is preferably set to up to 1 bar. Such a range of pressure differences can be absorbed by the primary radial seal 3 in the long term without any adverse effects.

[0041] By compensating for an increase in volume, a leakage of the barrier fluid 6 or a long-term loss of the barrier fluid 6 filling caused by numerous rises in pressure in the shaft bearing 1 is prevented. On the other hand, since there is a positive pressure difference between the barrier fluid 6 in the shaft seal 1 and the coolant side 8, no leakages of the coolant into the shaft bearing 1 are instigated. A suitable viscosity of the barrier fluid 6 which is preferably higher than that of the coolant, suppresses diffusion of bubbles under the vapor pressure of the coolant and thus a corresponding migration of bubbles of a gaseous vapor leakage of the coolant into or through the shaft seal 1. Furthermore, the pressure of the barrier fluid 6 in the shaft seal 1 leads to an optimised hydrodynamic lubrication of the sealing lip of the secondary radial seal 4, which runs almost in a wear-free manner on the air side 9 of the dry-running electric motor of the water pump.

[0042] In the illustrated embodiment, a modulus of elasticity of a closed-cell, foamed elastomer for the compressible volume compensator 7 and a ratio of the body volume thereof to the volume of the barrier fluid 6 are selected in dependence upon parameters including a specific volume change of the barrier fluid 6, a temperature difference of an operating temperature range of the coolant, and a path and a partial force along a displacement of a volume boundary surface between the volume compensator 7 and the barrier fluid 6.

[0043] The barrier fluid 6 is further selected according to a property that a temperature-dependent vapor pressure of the barrier fluid 6 within the operating temperature range of the coolant is lower than an air pressure on the air side 9. Therefore, a vapor leakage to the air side 9 is prevented.

[0044] As an alternative to the illustrated embodiment, the inventive shaft seal 1 having the sealing arrangement can be produced in different embodiments which likewise correspond to the core of the invention and are part of the disclosure below.

[0045] In an alternative embodiment which can be produced in a particularly simple and favourable manner, the body of the compressible volume compensator 7 is formed from a gas cushion or an air cushion which remains confined in a space above the volume of the barrier fluid 6 and between the inner surface of the cylindrical jacket of the seal casing 10 and the radial seals 3, 4. The gas cushion likewise demonstrates a suitable compressible behaviour in the range of the operating temperatures, which can be used to compensate for volume variations of the barrier fluid 6, i.e. in particular to compensate for an increase in volume of the barrier fluid 6 brought to operating temperature.

[0046] In further alternative embodiments, the compressible volume compensator 7 can have a shape other than a prismatic shape. For example, the compressible volume compensator 7 can be formed of an annular body or any one-piece shape of a compressible medium. Likewise, the compressible volume compensator 7 can be provided from a plurality of bodies or a particulate distribution of spherical or other small bodies of compressible medium within the barrier fluid 6 filling.

[0047] Furthermore, in an alternative embodiment, the shaft seal 1 in accordance with the invention can be produced without the seal casing 10. In this case, the components of the shaft seal 1 are successively inserted and fixed in a housing portion of a pump or a surrounding system, wherein a space which is taken up by the volume of the barrier fluid 6 is formed between the components of the shaft seal 1 in the surrounding housing portion or system.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0048] 1 shaft seal [0049] 2 shaft [0050] 3 primary radial seal [0051] 4 secondary radial seal [0052] distance sleeve [0053] 6 barrier fluid [0054] 7 compressible volume compensator [0055] 8 coolant side [0056] 9 air side [0057] seal casing [0058] 11 seal ring [0059] 12 clamp ring